OVERVIEW

Basketball is a game or sport

played on a rectangular court by two teams.
Each teams attempts to score by tossing the ball
through the opposing goal, which is an elevated horizontal hoop
known as net. It was invented by James Naismith on around December 1,
1891, at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA).

For us to know how to play the game or sport properly and efficiently,
and can help us to high our chances in winning the game,
we should always remember the Parts of the basketball;
What is net, its measurements of the equipments,
the lines of the court, and lastly,
The circumference of the rim. And, we should never forget
the history and the background of basketball and its faculty which is the
court.
HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND
Researched by: Andrie Kyla Nicole Roa
Summarized by: Alessandra Yzabelle Aliño
Reported by: Raya Franchesca Zamora
Edited by: Angela G. Rafal

BASKETBALL
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams,
most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court.

Background
Basketball was invented by James Naismith (1861–1939) on or about December 1,
1891, at the International Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Training School
(now Springfield College), Springfield, Massachusetts, where Naismith was an instructor
in physical education.

For that first game of basketball in 1891, Naismith used as goals two
half-bushel peach baskets, which gave the sport its name. The students were
enthusiastic. After much running and shooting, William R. Chase made a midcourt
shot—the only score in that historic contest. Word spread about the newly invented
game, and numerous associations wrote Naismith for a copy of the rules, which were
published in the January 15, 1892, issue of the Triangle, the YMCA Training School’s
campus paper. While basketball is competitively a winter sport, it is played on a
12-month basis—on summer playgrounds, in municipal, industrial, and church halls, in
school yards and family driveways, and in summer camps—often on an informal basis
between two or more contestants. Many grammar schools, youth groups, municipal
recreation centres, churches, and other organizations conduct basketball programs for
youngsters of less than high school age. Jay Archer, of Scranton, Pennsylvania,
introduced “biddy” basketball in 1950 for boys and girls under 12 years of age, the court
and equipment being adjusted for size.
History
In the early years the number of players on a team varied according to the number in
the class and the size of the playing area. In 1894 teams began to play with five on a
side when the playing area was less than 1,800 square feet (167.2 square metres); the
number rose to seven when the gymnasium measured from 1,800 to 3,600 square feet
(334.5 square metres) and up to nine when the playing area exceeded that. In 1895 the
number was occasionally set at five by mutual consent; the rules stipulated five players
two years later, and this number has remained ever since. Since Naismith and five of
his original players were Canadians, it is not surprising that Canada was the first
country outside the United States to play the game. Basketball was introduced in
France in 1893, in England in 1894, in Australia, China, and India soon thereafter, and
in Japan in 1900.
While basketball helped swell the membership of YMCAs because of the
availability of their gyms, within five years the game was outlawed by various
associations because gyms that had been occupied by classes of 50 or 60 members
were now monopolized by only 10 to 18 players. The banishment of the game induced
many members to terminate their YMCA membership and to hire halls to play the game,
thus paving the way to the professionalization of the sport. Originally, players wore one
of three styles of uniforms: knee-length football trousers; jersey tights, as commonly
worn by wrestlers; or short padded pants, forerunners of today’s uniforms, plus knee
guards. The courts often were of irregular shape with occasional obstructions such as
pillars, stairways, or offices that interfered with play. In 1903 it was ruled that all
boundary lines must be straight. In 1893 the Narragansett Machinery Co. of Providence,
Rhode Island, marketed a hoop of iron with a hammock style of basket. Originally a
ladder, then a pole, and finally a chain fastened to the bottom of the net was used to
retrieve a ball after a goal had been scored. Nets open at the bottom were adopted in
1912–13. In 1895–96 the points for making a basket (goal, or field goal) were reduced
from three to two, and the points for making a free throw (shot uncontested from a line
in front of the basket after a foul had been committed) were reduced from three to one.
Baskets were frequently attached to balconies, making it easy for spectators behind a
basket to lean over the railings and deflect the ball to favour one side and hinder the
other; in 1895 teams were urged to provide a 4-by-6-foot (1.2-by-1.8-metre) screen for
the purpose of eliminating interference. Soon after, wooden backboards proved more
suitable. Glass backboards were legalized by the professionals in 1908–09 and by
colleges in 1909–10. In 1920–21 the backboards were moved 2 feet (0.6 metre), and in
1939–40 4 feet, in from the end lines to reduce frequent stepping out-of-bounds.
Fan-shaped backboards were made legal in 1940–41.
 A soccer ball (football) was used for the first two years. In 1894 the first
basketball was marketed. It was laced, measured close to 32 inches (81 cm), or about 4
inches (10 cm) larger than the soccer ball, in circumference, and weighed less than 20
ounces (567 grams). By 1948–49, when the laceless molded ball was made official, the
size had been set at 30 inches (76 cm). The first college to play the game was either
Geneva College (Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania) or the University of Iowa. C.O. Bemis
heard about the new sport at Springfield and tried it out with his students at Geneva in
1892. At Iowa, H.F. Kallenberg, who had attended Springfield in 1890, wrote Naismith
for a copy of the rules and also presented the game to his students. At Springfield,
Kallenberg met Amos Alonzo Stagg, who became athletic director at the new University
of Chicago in 1892. The first college basketball game with five on a side was played
between the University of Chicago and the University of Iowa in Iowa City on January
18, 1896. The University of Chicago won, 15–12, with neither team using a substitute.
Kallenberg refereed that game—a common practice in that era—and some of the
spectators took exception to some of his decisions. The colleges formed their own rules
committee in 1905, and by 1913 there were at least five sets of rules: collegiate,
YMCA–Amateur Athletic Union, those used by state militia groups, and two varieties of
professional rules. Teams often agreed to play under a different set for each half of a
game. To establish some measure of uniformity, the colleges, Amateur Athletic Union,
and YMCA formed the Joint Rules Committee in 1915. This group was renamed the
National Basketball Committee (NBC) of the United States and Canada in 1936 and
until 1979 served as the game’s sole amateur rule-making body. In that year, however,
the colleges broke away to form their own rules committee, and during the same year
the National Federation of State High School Associations likewise assumed the task of
establishing separate playing rules for the high schools. The National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA) Rules Committee for men is a 12-member board representing all
three NCAA divisions. It has six members from Division I schools and three each from
Divisions II and III. It has jurisdiction over colleges, junior colleges, the National
Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), and Armed Forces basketball. There is a
similar body for women’s play. You`ll need a ball to play the Game. Today, Basketballs
Are made with synthetic materials such as rubber, polyester, and nylon combination with
leather. In the NBA, the pressure of the ball must be between 7.5 and 8.5 pounds per
square inch. The size of the ball measures 29.5 inches in circumference, known as a
size 7. There are smaller sizes you can get for kids, with sizes ranging from 3 to 7.
Some health or community centers that have basketball courts may be able to provide a
ball. However, it is always better to bring your own ball if you plan on playing basketball.
Basketballs can be bought for as little as $15, but if you want an NBA quality basketball,
it will cost much more
FACILITY AND
EQUIPMENT

Researched by: Alessandra Yzabelle Aliño

Summarized by: Andrie Kyla Nicole Roa
Reported by: Shyvi Jade Boborol

Facility
Basketball court. Basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular
floor, with baskets at each end. In professional and organized basketball, especially
when playing indoors, it is usually made out of wood, often maple, and highly polished
and completed with a 10 foot rim. Basketball courts come in different sizes. In the
National basketball association or NBA, the court is 94 by 50 feet. Under FIBA or
International basketball Federation rules, the court is slightly smaller, measuring 28 by
15 meters. In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely.
Equipment
Ball - The most important thing for training is the ball. There are certain guidelines
which one needs to follow when buying a basketball. For practicing, one can play with a
rubber ball. For professional competitions, one needs to use an inflated ball made of
leather.

Backboard – It is a raised vertical board with a basket attached. It is made of a flat,

rigid piece of material, often plexi glass. It is rectangular as used in NBA, NCAA and
international basketball.

Basket net – The nets shall be of white cord suspended from the rings and constructed
so that they check the ball momentarily as it passes through the basket. The scoreboard
shall indicate: The game clock as specified above.

Game clock – Shows how much time remains in the game. The bottom and side
surfaces of the supporting arm of the backboard shall be padded from the back
surface of the backboard along the arm. The vertical edges on each side of the
backboard shall be padded from the bottom edge of the backboard. The lower edge
of both the front and the back surface of the backboards shall be padded from the
bottom edge of the backboard. The upper section of the net shall be semi-rigid to
prevent: The net from rebounding up through the ring, creating possible entanglement.
The vertical sides of the backboard support structure shall be padded from the floor
upwards. A whistle-controlled time system used by the officials to stop the game clock
may be used provided that this system is used in all games of a given competition. A
scoreboard (cube) placed above the center of the playing court does not exclude the
necessity for the two scoreboards as described above. The display of the scoreboard
shall be in bright contrasting colors.

Padding – The backboard and backboard support structure must be padded. The
scoreboard - must be clearly visible to everyone involved in the game including the
spectators. Basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of rectangular floor, with
baskets at each end. The net shall have 12 loops to attach it to the ring. All padding
shall be constructed in such a way as to prevent limbs from becoming trapped. Free
standing advertising boards shall be padded around the top.
24-second device – shall have a separate control unit to operate it and display units
with the following specifications: Digital countdown, indicating the time in seconds. Be
synchronized with the 24-second device to light up when the signal sounds for the end
of a 24-second period. When the 24-second device stops and sounds, the main clock
shall also stop. The device shall have a very loud automatic signal sounding to indicate
the end of the 24-second period. The colors of the numbers of the 24-second device
and the game clock shall be different. The 24-second display units shall pass the test of
protection against damage by balls according to DIN 18 032-3. Spectator areas shall
allow the free movement of the public, including persons with a disability, and shall
enable spectators to have a comfortable view of the event. The electric light on the
display unit above the backboard shall: Be bright red. When the main clock starts, it
shall be possible to start the device manually. Be synchronized with the game clocks to
light up when the signal sounds for the end of playing time for each period or extra
period. For FIBA competitions levels 1 and 2, the display unit of the 24-second device,
together with an additional game clock and a bright red electric light, shall be located
both above and behind each backboard. The 24-second devices shall be connected to
the main game clock so that: When the main clock stops, the devices shall also stop.
The signal shall sound as soon as the display shows zero (0).The electromagnetic
compatibility of the 24-second device shall be in accordance with the statutory
requirements of the respective country.

Clothing – Players of each team should wear the same outfits which must not clash
with the opposing team and wear a numbered shirt and no two players in the same
team should wear the same number. The ability to have no display on the device.
MEASUREMENT OF
EQUIPMENTS
Researched by: Alessandra Yzabelle Aliño
Summarized by: Andrie Kyla Nicole Roa
Reported by: circumference of a rim : Iviane Jyne Clemeña
measurement of equipments : Krista Mae Guanzon

MEASUREMENT
the action of measuring something.

Circumference of a Rim
A standard backboard is 6 feet by 3.5 feet, and it is 10 feet off the ground and the white
box drawn onto the board is 18 inches tall and 24 inches wide. A standard professional
men's basketball is 29.5 inches in circumference And has a weight of 22 ounces,
leaving only a half-inch of free space for the ball to travel down through the hoop.
Basketball rims today are designed as breakaway rims consisting of a hinge and spring
that allow the rim to bend when a player dunks without shattering the backboard.
Basketball rims, or hoops, are orange painted goals attached to the backboard and
used for scoring points in a game of basketball. A rim is crucial to the game of
basketball, as the game itself cannot be played without a rim. Well some streetball
games can be played without a net or possibly without a backboard, and if you miss a
shot, the ball might bounce off the rim and create an offensive or defensive rebound. A
standard professional basketball rim has a circumference of 30 inches. The net is
attached to the bottom of the rim and hangs below and behind the rim is the backboard.
The rim in Basketball is a metal circle which the ball must go through in order for
a point to be scored.
Measurement of Equipments
Court Size
- NBA AND COLLEGE - 94 feet long and 50 feet wide
- high school - 84 feet long and 50 feet wide
- junior high - 74 feet long and 42 feet wide

The foul line - Past those points the line extends out 23 feet 9 inches
from the center of the rim.
Men's College Basketball Courts - the 3 point arc is 20 feet 9 inches
NBA Basketball Courts - the 3 point arc is 22 feet to the center of the rim on the sides
with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline.
A REGULATION basketball court in international games is 91.9 feet long nad 49.2
feet wide. REGULATION the backboards are 6 feet wide (72 inches) by 42 inches tall.
The name and logo of the home team id usually painted on or around the center

THE BASKET
- The regulation distance from the ground to the top of the rim is 10 feet for all levels to
play. In the NBA and NCAA the court is 94 feet by 50 feet. For all courts the "foul line"
distance is 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the backboard. The 3 point arc is 19
feet 9 inches.
THE BALL
— You'll need a ball to play the game. Today, basketballs are made with synthetic
materials such as rubber, polyester , and nylon and combination with leather. In the
NBA, the pressure of the ball must be between 7.5 and 8.5 pounds per square inch.
The size of the ball measures 29.5 inches in circumference , known as a size 7
There are smaller sizes you can get for kids, with sizes ranging from 3 to 7.
THE BACKBOARD
— An official NBA backboard is made of transparent glass, but a wooden or metal
backboard will work as well. In the NBA, the backboard measures 6 feet wide and 3.5
feet tall.
THE FOUL LINE
— For all courts the "foul line" distance is 15 feet from the foul line to the front of the
backboard. This measurement is commonly confused as from the center of the basket
and front of the rim. All line markings on the floor are 2 inches wide and can vary in.

THE 3 POINT LINE (ARC)

— Women's college and High School Basketball Courts - The 3 point arc is 19 feet 9
inches. NBA Basketball Courts - the 3 point arc is 22 feet to the center of the rim on the
sides with a straight line extending out 16 feet 9 inches from the baseline. Past those
points the line extends out 23 feet 9 inches from the center of the rim. Men's College
Basketball Courts - the 3 point arc is 20 feet 9 inches

CLOTHING
Players of each team should wear the same outfit which must not clash with the
opposing team. Each player should wear a numbered shirt and no two players in the
same number. Players numbered between 4 and 15, loose-fitting shorts for mobility, and
sleeveless vest are the standard attire. Basketball shoes Should be rubber-soled
And with protected ankle support. MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL, MAKE SURE YOUR
CLOTHING IS COMFORTABLE
AND IT IS IMPORTANT TO WEAR TOWELED socks
WHAT IS NET?

Researched by: Rhianna Mikaella Maca-antal

Summarized by: Echo Ramonal
Reported by: Rhianna Mikaella Maca-anta

NET / BASKET
horizontal circular metal hoop supporting a net through which players try to throw the basketball.

Basketball nets are essential tool in basketball

It serves many functions in the game. Like it makes the players to easily retrieve the
ball. When the ball passes through the rim of an angle, the net will slow the ball down
and make it easy to collect underneath. It's also easy to see if the ball actually went into
the loop. Basketball nets have types, it can be made out of nylon, polyester, or chain.
Majority of it is made of nylon or polyester because it is cheaper and less durable while
polyester has a longer lifespan at the highest cost. It is also quieter and softer so they
won't tangle that much. Almost every basketball court or league uses this type of net.
Chain nets are less common but they are useful for outdoor basketball courts. They are
more durable and can withstand any weather condition which makes them a common
choice for public parks. They can also be attached to any rim unlike the nylon or
polyester.
The three main types of nets
They are made of nylon, polyester, and steel. Nylon nets are the cheapest among the
rest. They look and sound like a polyester, but much less durable and can be greatly
damaged by the weather. Polyester on the other hand, is also similar to nylon but is
higher quality. They sound better and last longer than nylon. Most basketball leagues
use polyester. Lastly, steel nets are most common for outdoor basketball. It can last a
very long time outdoors. The tough metal may cause damage to the basketball over
time and can cause injury. There are many brands that produce basketball bets. Like
Spalding; it is a company that specializes in basketball equipment. They make some of
the highest quality basketball nets that are even used in the NBA. Champion; They tend
to make basketball nets that are cheaper than the others but provide a similar quality.
And Franklin; They make chain nets as well as polyester nets. The point of basketball
nets are to make it easier for the players to retrieve the ball. High-end replacement nets
also have good quality or durability. It's size is 21 inches in length. How much does it
cost? It can cost less than 100$ or sometimes even $50 and can run up to $2000 as
well.
LINES
IN BASKETBALL

Researched by: Alessandra Yzabelle Aliño

Summarized by: Andrie Kyla Nicole Roa
Reported by: Ashley Rhei Sacupayo

ABOUT THEM
The importance of the lines indicate where the player
Will inbound and advance the ball after a timeout

Any basketball court has various

lines marking different parts of the
basketball court, and each line has
its own specific role in the way a basketball game is played. Depending on who you talk
to, you may hear someone call these lines either the baselines or end lines. If the ball
goes out of bounds across the baseline, players will stand behind the baseline and to
the side of the backboard to inbound the ball. It's important to learn the lines on a
basketball court to understand the game. Like the baselines, the sidelines mark the
boundaries between inbounds and out of bounds. Behind the sidelines are where the
benches and scorers table are located, home to the head coach, players, officials, and
media. Here are all the lines on a basketball court:

The Baselines ( end lines )

The baselines, also known as end lines, are located on the ends of the
court. The baseline in basketball is the boundary line running along the edges of the
court on the sides behind the baskets. It marks where a player or the ball goes out of
bounds, and is used to separate the area of play and the area that is out of bounds.
The lane lines
are two lines that perpendicularly attach to the baselines and free throw lines. The
rectangular area created by the free throw line and two lane lines is usually painted and
referred to as either the "key' or the "paint." However, a defensive three-second violation
is only assessed at the professional level since NCAA and high school basketball
permits defenders to stay in the paint for any length of time.

Boundary Lines
The sidelines are the two boundary lines running the length of the court. Their location
is determined by the width of the court, which is normally 50 feet wide. Along with the
Baseline and End line they establish the size of the playing area. They are the lines
which mark the area of the court which is in play and the area that is out of bounds.

Free Throw Line

Free throws are an important part of basketball. Obviously when a team is shooting free
throws it means they have an extra opportunity to score and it hurts the other team in
terms of points, fouls, and momentum

Sidelines
The sidelines are the two boundary lines running the length of the court. Their location
is determined by the width of the court, which is normally 50 feet wide. Along with
Baseline and End line they establish the size of the playing area.

The midcourt line

is used to equally divide the court and to call backcourt violations, which happen when a
team with possession crosses mid-court and brings the ball back into their side of the
court without the other team touching it. A backcourt violation will not be called if the
defense deflects the ball into the other side of the court. The midcourt line is located in
the middle of the court and divides it equally into two pieces. The midcourt line is the
same length as the baseline, which is 50 feet.
The three point line
or three point arc, surrounds each team's basket. If any part of a player's shoe is
touching the line prior to releasing the ball, it will count as two points. A team will earn
two points if the shot is taken on or inside the three point line and goes into the basket.
If a shot is taken outside the three point line and goes into the basket, a team will earn
three points. This means that even if a charge occurred, a defender inside the
restricted area will be called for a blocking foul because they are within the restricted
area and made contact with a driving opponent.

The restricted area

(also known as the restricted zone or restricted arc) is a semicircle located under the
basket, with a four-foot radius in the NBA. A defender inside or 3 on the restricted area
is not considered a legal guarding position and cannot draw a charging foul from their
opponent. In college basketball, the restricted area is slightly smaller and has a radius
of three feet. Players are not allowed to encroach inside of the hash marks, as this
could interfere with the player taking the free throw. Only three players on each side of
the painted area are permitted to stand within the hash marks during free throws. There
are also two sets of hash marks on each sideline, which mark the area where coaches
and players can stand in relation to the scorer's table. These lines denote where the
non- shooting players should stand during a free throw.