EE-383 Instrumentation and Measurements

Course Information
Course Number and Title: EE-383 Instrumentation and Measurements
Credits: 4 (3+1)
Instructor(s)-in-charge: Dr Mazhar Abbas (Asst Prof)
Course type: Lecture + Lab
Required or Elective: Required
Course pre-requisites EE-215 Electronic Devices and Circuits
Degree and Semester DE-42 Department of Electrical Engineering, Semester 5
Month and Year Fall 2022

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Contents
 Chapter 10: Transducers
 Transducers
 Types
 Applications

Describe and Explain working of Analog and Digital

CLO 3 Electrical-Measuring Instruments, Transducers, Transducer PLO 2 C4
interfacing, and Instrument Communication Protocols
C2 : Focus on the understanding of construction and working principles
Course book and Related Course Material
Textbook: 1. Principles of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement by Berlin & Getz
1. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement by David A Bell, 1994
Reference Books: 2. Electrical and Electronic Measurement & Testing by W Bolton, 1992
3. Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 8th Ed. by Curtis D. Johnson

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 Transducer
 Any device that converts energy from one form to another.
 In electrical measuring systems, a transducer converts a specific physical
phenomenon into an electrical output.
 Physical phenomenon may be Mechanical forces, acceleration, pressure,
physical position, temperature, light intensity and others.
 Classified into active (self-generating) or passive (externally powered)
 Most of these transducers fit into one of the following categories:
1. Resistance-changing
2. Self-generating
3. Inductance-changing
4. Capacitance-changing

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 RESISTANCE-CHANGING TRANSDUCERS
 The intrinsic resistance of the transducer is normally changed by either
mechanical linkage or the direct application of some physical parameter
such as. strain, pressure, or temperature.
 To produce an electrical output, the resistance-changing element is made
part of a voltage divider, bridge, or similar circuit.

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 Resistance-changing transducers: Relative position transducer

 Resistance changing element: slide-wire potentiometer
 Connected across a constant voltage source (relative position)
 The wiper arm of the potentiometer can be linked to moving part
 As the wiper moves upwards, the output voltage increases, and vice versa
 The output voltage is a linear function of physical position of the wiper
arm.

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 The Resistance-Temperature Detector (RTD)

 A temperature-sensitive resistor is connected in a series circuit driven by a
constant-current source.
 The output voltage changes with the change in resistance.
 Thus, any change in temperature produces a proportional change in
output voltage.
 An RTD has a positive temperature coefficient that is virtually linear over a
certain range of temperatures.

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 Thermistor
 A more sensitive resistance-changing device( Very high temp coefficient)
 Most thermistors exhibit negative temperature coefficient
 Nonlinear device and dependent on manufacturing process.
 Composite thermistor assemblies offer an almost linear response to
temperature changes.

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 Strain Gages
 Resistance varies with applied force
 Strain gage takes advantage from the physical property of electrical
conductance.
 From the measured electrical resistance of the strain gage, the amount of
induced stress can be measured.

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 Strain Gages

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 Strain Gages
 Associated with strain gages is a parameter called the gage factor (K)
relating a change in resistance to a change in length
 If the wire has a cylindrical cross-sectional area with a nominal diameter
d, then

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 Chapter 10: Transducers

 Photoconductive Transducers
 When light falls on a material, the energy in the radiation ionizes the
covalent bonds. Thus the bonds are broken and large number of
electron-hole pairs is generated. This increases number of current carrier
and decreases the resistance of the material.
 Two of the more commonly used materials in the fabrication of
photoconductive cells are cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selinide
(CdSe).

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 QUIZ 5, Syn A, KPI: CLO3>PLO2

 Q1: Refer to figure right, using

dissipation factor D prove the
relations for unknown resistance Rs
and Capacitance Cs.(10)

 Q2: (Make up) Refer to figure right,

using just voltage divider prove the
relations for unknown resistance Rs
and Inductance Ls.(10)

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 Thank you
Questions/Comments??

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