Aristotle

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/aristotles-model-communication.
Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek philosopher and writer born in Stagira, Northern Greece. He was also
the teacher of Alexander the Great. He studied physics, logic, mathematics, etc.
Aristotle was the founder of the Lyceum, a school of learning based in Athens, Greece; and he was an
inspiration for the Peripatetics, his followers from the Lyceum.
In 322 B.C., just a year after he fled to Chalcis to escape prosecution under charges of impiety, Aristotle
contracted a disease of the digestive organs and died.
Characteristic
Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy, making contributions to logic, metaphysics,
mathematics, physics, biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance and theatre.
Aristotle's Model of Communication
While exploring the human nature scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear model of communication
for oral communication known as Aristotle’s Model of Communication. This is considered as the first
model of communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. It is also the is most widely accepted among
all communication models.
He proposed model before 300 B.C who found the importance of audience role in communication chain
in his communication model. This model is more focused on public speaking than interpersonal
communication.
The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model as the speaker has the most
important role in it and is the only one active. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the audience.
The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This makes the communication process
one way, from speaker to receiver.
This model is more focused on public speaking than interpersonal communication.
The speaker must organize the speech beforehand, according to the target audience and situation
(occasion). The speech must be prepared so that the audience be persuaded or influenced from the
speech.
He believed “Rhetoric” is the study of communication and persuasion and different message or speech
should be made for different audiences at different situations to get desired effects or to establish a
propaganda. This model was highly used to develop public speaking skills and create a propaganda at
that time so, it is less focused on intrapersonal or interpersonal communication.
Even if the model is speaker oriented and focuses on audience interaction in communication, there is no
concept of feedbacks.
For instance, a politician (speaker) gives a speech to get votes from the civilians (audience) at the time of
election (occasion). The civilians only vote if they are influenced by the things the politician says in his
speech so the content must be very impressive to influence the mass and the speaker must design the
message very carefully.
aristotle model of communication diagram
Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be broadly divided into 5 primary
elements:
Speaker
Speaker plays an important role in Public speaking. The speaker must prepare his speech and analysis
audience needs before he enters into the stage. His words should influence in audience mind and
persuade their thoughts towards him.
Critical Elements of a Good Communicator
Aristotle has given 3 elements that must be present in a good communicator or public speaker. These
elements are related to each other and they reinforce the other elements.
Ethos
Ethos is the characteristic which makes you credible in front of the audience. If there is no credibility,
the audience will not believe in you and will not be persuaded by you. Expertise and positions also give
credibility to a person.
For instance, the mass will not listen to the promises of a corrupt politician, but if a politician is known
for his good deeds, there’s a high change his speech will be heard.
Pathos
If what you say matters to them and they can connect with it, then they will be more interested and
they will think you are more credible. Emotional bonds will make the audience captivated and they feel
the speaker is one of their own people.
For instance, if people of a village needs water and the politician tells them that he will help in building
roads, the people will not get influenced but might be more influenced if he says he’ll build a dam for
drinking water and irrigation.
Logos
Logos is logic. People believe in you only if they understand what you are trying to say. People find logic
in everything. If there is no logic behind the speaker’s work or time, they do not want to get involved.
Everybody has a sense of reason. You must present facts to the audience for them to believe in you.
For example, a presenter using factual data in an awareness program will attract the audience’s
attention and will make them believe in the need of awareness in the particular matter.
Speech
The speech must be clear as well as the speaker must have a very good non-verbal communication with
the audience like eye contact. This example is a classic case of Aristotle Model of Communication
depicting all the elements in the model.
Audience
Effect.
Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model of Communication
There are few criticisms around this model. Some of them are
There is no concept of feedback, it is one way from speaker to audience.
There is no concept of communication failure like noise and barriers.
This model can only be used in public speaking.
Aristotle Model of Communication is formed with 5 basic elements
(i) Speaker, (ii) Speech, (iii) Occasion, (iv) Audience and (v) Effect.
Aristotle advises speakers to build speech for different audience on different time (occasion) and for
different effects.
Example:
Alexander gave brave speech to his soldiers in the war field to defeat Persian Empire.
Speaker – Alexander
Speech – about his invasion
Occasion – War field
Audience – Soldiers
Effect – To defeat Persia

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https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/aristotles-model-communication.

Aristotle's Model of Communication

This model is more focused on public speaking than interpersonal communication.

aristotle model of communication diagram

Critical Elements of a Good Communicator

There is no concept of feedback, it is one way from speaker to audience.

There is no concept of communication failure like noise and barriers.

This model can only be used in public speaking.

Aristotle Model of Communication is formed with 5 basic elements

Speech – about his invasion

Occasion – War field

Effect – To defeat Persia

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