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Glass

Glass is a remarkable substance made from simple raw materials that can take many forms and has exceptional optical properties. It is lightweight, durable, and can be decorated in many ways. Unlike most materials, glass lacks a crystalline structure and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid as it cools, making it fragile. Its viscosity changes gradually as it heats, allowing it to be shaped through various techniques at different temperatures before cooling.

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16 views

Glass

Glass is a remarkable substance made from simple raw materials that can take many forms and has exceptional optical properties. It is lightweight, durable, and can be decorated in many ways. Unlike most materials, glass lacks a crystalline structure and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid as it cools, making it fragile. Its viscosity changes gradually as it heats, allowing it to be shaped through various techniques at different temperatures before cooling.

Uploaded by

Dewi Zartika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Glass

Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless,
monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to
liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet
Linefragile, and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its
(5)optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as table ware, containers, in architecture
and design - glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.Since the
Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass lias been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made
from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as
(10)soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass
in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by
various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting
then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance),
glass lacks the
(15)crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular
structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so
without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is
why glass shatters so easily whendealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when
exposed to moisture,
(20)and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release
internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its
viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow
or"freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature rises,
(25)going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of
malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if
suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater
number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.
1. Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in lines 1-5?
(A)To demonstrate how glass evolved
(B)To show the versatility of glass
(C)To explain glassmaking technology
(D)To explain the purpose of each component of glass
 
2. The word "durable"' in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A)lasting
(B) delicate
(C) heavy
(D) Plain
 
 
 
3. What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass?
(A)They were the same for centuries.
(B) They are liquid
(C) They are transparent
(D) They are very heavy.
4. According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different from most other
rigid substances?
(A)It has an interlocking crystal network.
(B) It has an unusually low melting temperature.
(C) It has varying physical properties.
(D) It has a random molecular structure.
5. The word "customarily" in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A)naturally(B) necessarily     (C) usually      (D) certainly
 
6. The words "exposed to" in line 19 are closest in meaning to
(A)hardened by
(B) chilled with
(C) subjected to
(D) deprived of
 
7. What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass products during
manufacture?
(A)the glass must be reheated and evenly cooled.
(B)the glass must be cooled quickly.
(C)The glass must be kept moist until cooled.
(D)The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately
8. The word "induced" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A)joined(B) missed(C) caused(D) lost
9. The word "it" in line 22 refers to
(A)feature(B) glass(C) manner(D) viscosity
10. According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms than can metals
(A)It resists breaking when heated
(B)It has better optical properties.
(C)It retains heat while its viscosity changes.
(D)It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises.
 

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