LAM THANH QUANG KHAI {Chu bien}

a6TH!MiDUNG-V0HOANGH NG

::r■ NHA XUAT BAN XAY DI/NG

••••••

·1m111·,• \J.-· V""rfi,,, 'J" .

K · boJi:lfA XUA.T BAN y DLT'KG
ngay 14!112021 1'.Vi0.11..9 .
K
 LOINOIBAU

ANSYS lii m(Jt trong nhi1ng phdn mJm pluin ti.ch mo ph6ng cong tn'nh d1:1·a tren plnrong phap
phdn llf hteu hqn kha pfu5 biin tren thi gio'i. Tuy nhien tq,i Viit l\Tam viic /mgd1:mg tmng ffnh VlfC
xdy dw1g nni chung, xdy dw1g cong trinh diin dt,mg va c!mg nghi p nnirieng elm chu-a nhiJu. Vih
mong mu6n aua them m<5t cong Cl,( tinh toan k t cdu mq,nh din gdn hon voi ngu:oi Sll' dl:lng,
cu6n sach nay se gio·i thi¢u lf,• thu;it co· ban czia phu:ong phap phdn tz't hiru hgn trong tinh tocin
kit cdu
cung lrinh V(l {mg d1pzg trung phcin mdm ANSYS. Gk bai tu(m kit cdu lhu:img g(JP lrung cung
lrinh ..aiy d1:rng dun d mg Vll CCJng nghi(Jp nhu: Jdrn Lien l tc, d(l/1., khung, kdt c6.u Lien lu;p, kh
cciu nha cao tdng va vein aJ ttong hrc hoc kJt cciu se z&n ht()'t ilu(JC gi6i thiiu va co vi dl:( chi
tiit. V6i m6i m(Jt bai toan ctJu huo·ng dtin th;rc hiefn theo hai phu'O'ng thfrc giao diqn va nhijp lfnh.
N(Ji dung c11a cu6n scich g6m 8 Chuong:
Chuang l: Khai quat vJ phuang phap phdn tit hiru lu;rn trong tinh toan kit cdu xay d tng;
Chirong 2: Gi6'i thiiu phcin m€m ANSYS va each thuc SI( d1,mg:
Chuong 3: Pluin tich kit C(iu ddm lien ti-1c,·
Chuang 4: Phdn tich kit cdu dan;
Chuo·ng 5: Phan tich k8t cciu khung;
Chuong 6: Phan tich kit cdu trong nJn;
Chuang 7: Phdn tich kit cdu phdn tren nha cao tdng;
Chuong 8: Phan tich kif cdu khung nha thep.
Viic bien SO(ln atr9'C phan cong nhu sau:
Chu bien va vit cac Chuong I. 2. 3, 4: Lam Thanh Quang Khai;
ChuO'ng 5 va 7: D6 Thi Mf Dung;
Chuong 6 va 8: Vii Hoang Hung
Stich ducrc dttng lam tai li¢u giang dqy cho sinh vien nganh Xdy dwlg diin d ng va Cong
nghiefp, tai liiju tham khao cho cac k),' SU: thidt ki kdt cciu, h()C vien cao h()C, cac can b9 khoa h9c
ky thu(lt nghien cuu kir cdu cong trinh.
Du ki<2n thi:f'c dm nhiJu h(m c:hJ nen khung tr/mh khui nhD:ng thii?.u sol. mang nh(in ilu:<crc: Jl
kidn dlmg gap d,.a ct{lc gia.
}vfoi .Y kdn dong g6p xin giri vi afa chi:
Lam Thanh Quang Khd:i, Khoa Xay d(rng - Truong fJ(li IU)C Xdy d1;mg 1.\tfidn Tay, S6 20B Pho
Ca DiJu, Phuong 3, Thi1nh ph6 Vfnh Lang, Ti'nh Vtnh Lung.

Cac tac gia

3
4
 Clm·ung J
KHA.I QUAT VE PHUONG PHAP PHAN TU HUU H N
TRONG TiNH TOAN KET cAu XAY D1/NG

1.1. Gl(11 THlf,U PHU'ONG PHA.P PH ..\.l\ TU" HffU H N

Phuong phap phftn tu hiru h,,m ra doi b5.t ngu6n tu nhfrng yeu du giai cac bai toin phuc
t p v ly thuy t dan h6i, phan tich k t du trong xay dµng va ky thu t hang khong. N6 dm;rc
b t diu bui Alexander Hrennikoff (1941) va Richard Courant (1942) sau do ti p tvcphat
tri n bo·i Rayleigh, Ritz, va Galerkin va d@n nay g n nhu hoan thi n.
Phuang phap ph5.n tir hfru h n (PTHH) la phuang phap tim d ng g n dung cua him chua
biSt trong miSn xic dinh cua 116 b:ing each thay mi n tfnh toan bing cic rni n con gQi la
phdn tle va bi u di«Sn mi n roi r c bing nb.ung ham xip xi. Cac phAn tu nay xcm nlnr chi
duqc n6i v6'i nhau O' m9t s6 c1iem n6t dugc ch9n tren m it ho c trcn qmh bien Cl]a ph n tu
g9i la nut. Thong thuong ham x p xi dugc biSu di6n qua cac gia tr:i cua ham t:;ii cac nut
nay va thuang du9·c ch9n ducri d:;ing ham da thu:c nguyen. D:;ing cua ham da thu:c nay phai
chc;m sao cho thoa man di u ki n h9i h,l cua bai toan, d6 la ,,Ham xdp xi phai phan anh QU(fC

tn;mg tluii chuyJn J(mg c11a phcin ti,, khi cu; Id vl},t rdn tuyr?l (1iii", cl sao cho khi tang s6
ph1n tfr len kha 16n thi kc?t qua tinh toan phai tic?n d8n k8t qua thl;l'c.
Tu51 theo y nghia cua ham x§.p xi, trong bai toan k t c§.u nguai ta chia ra lam ba mo hinh:
1'1-10 ltinh tlrung thick: Bi6u di n gin dung di,¼ng phan b6 cua chuy8n vi trong phin tu,
cac n s6 la cac chuySn vi dm;rc xic djnh tu h phuang trlnh duqc thiJt l p tren ca s&
nguyen ly bien phan Lagrange ho?c aµih ly dung cua the nang toan phfui.
1'10 liinh can b6.ng: Bi u di n g§n dung d mg phan b6 Clla ung sufit ho c n(ri l\TC trong
ph;in lfr, cac in nay la t'.mg su l ho c rn)i l rc duqc.: xac dµih lir h? phmmg trinh dugc thiet l
p tren ca s& nguyen ly bi n phan Castigliano.
1Uo ltinh hJn h!JP: Bi u di n gfin dung d mg phan b6 cua ca tmg sufit I[n chuySn vi
trong phfin tu, coi irng suilt va chuyJn vi la hai y u t6 doc l p nhau, cac ftn s6 la ung
sui1t va chuy n vi dlfqc xac dinh tir h phucmg trinh duqc thiit J p tren ca so nguyen ly
bi6n phfm
IIellinger-Reissner.
Trong ba mo hinh tren thi m6 hinh tuong thich duc;rc su dt..mg r9ng rai hon ca va thich hqp
cho bai toan phan tich k t du.
5
1.2. TRINH TV' GIA..1 BAI TOAN THEO PHLJ°O.l\C PHAP PHAN Tl.I' HO'U H. .l\

1.2.1. RO'i r c boa k t ciu

Chia kSt cfiu thanh nhiSu phftn tir con gQi la rcri r1,1c h6a k:St du. Hay gia tu&ng k t
du duqc dt thanh ca.c b9 ph n ho c cacvung hfru h{lll. Trang phiin tu him h{ln, cac b9 ph n
nay ho c cac vung nay g9i la phfin tt'r. T p hqp cac phful tu tr& l i v t the ban dfiu, vi v y
lhu n
ti¢n cho vi c xay dl,l'Ilg bi€u thuc quan h gifra d:;ii luqng co hoc trong ph n tu v&i d i luqng
chua hiSt, p hqp thanh phmmg trinh phan tich kSt du.
Vi dµ lfiy kSt c.iu h thanh phan thimh nhiSu c.iu ki n thanh nhu thanh CD, C%>, @ ... trong
hinh 1.1, P hqp t§t ca cac d.u ki911 thanh tra thanh k6t du ban aiiu. Thanh CD, C%>, ® ...
g9ila phftn tfr. Do cac phfin tfr nay c6 d ng manh, kich thu6c Ill?t dt rfit nho so v6i chiSu dai
nen duqc goi la ph n tu mot chi u. KSt ciu dan trong hinh 1.1 duqc phan thanh 6 phin tu
thanh.

Pl.ilu tll' w(>l chi u

ffinh 1.1. Phdn flt m{jt chiiu

T§m ban hinh chfr nh t tJong hlnh 1.2 du9c phan thanh 6 tfun hinh tam giac 1-2-3, 2-3-5...
va 6 tim hinh chu nh t 2-4-8-5, 4-7-8-11... , cac l m hinh tam giac va chu nh t naycung cfogc
goi la ph n ti'r. Do cac ph n ti'r nay c6 d g mong, mi;lt trung binh la m t ph ng kich thu&c
hai ch1Su, nen duqc g91 la phftn tt'r ha1 ch1 u. Phftn tt'r ha1 ch1 u c6 th la hinh chfr nh t,
hinh thang, hlnh tu: giac ho c hinh d mg khac.

6
Hinh 1.2. Phdn hr hui chiiu

7
 Hinh 1.3 thJ hi n m9t k t ciu kh6i auqc phan thanh 48 kh6i l11)p, do kh(>i h9p c6 kich
thm'rc ba chi u nen con duqc g9i la phAn tfr ba chieu. PhAn lLr ba chi u co thS la kh6i b6n
m t. kh6i sau m?t hoi:lc kh6i d,,mg khac.

Phan tti ba chieu

Hinh 1.3. Phdn ti} ba chiiu

1.2.2. Phan tfch d c tinh phfin tii'

Phan tich d c tinb phfin tic la xac djnh ma tri,in d9 cung ph&n tu. Mu&n xac djnh ma tr n
d9 cirng ph n ti'r, dn xac dinh hlnh thfrc chuy6n vi ho c hams6chuy6n vi.

1.2.2.1. Xtic djnh hinh th1t-c chuyJn vi lw(ic ham s6 chuyin vj

Sau khi rai r c hoa v t the ho c ket du, m(n vai d i hr(Jllg v t ly trong mc3i m9t ph n tfr
nhu chuy6n vi, (mg suit... thay d6i trong ph n tu c6 th su d1,1ng ham xap xi d6 biSu di
n g n dung d<).ng phan b6. Trong phuong phap phin tu huu h?n mo hinh chuy@n vi chi
cfin m(>t s6 hams& d6 bi u thjchuy n vi ho c tnrcrng chuy n vi trong phfui tir. Cac ham
s6 nay
g9i la hinh thfrc chuyen vi ho c ham s6 clrnyJn vi. Ve
phm:mg di n xaydvng hinh thirc
chuyen vi cua phin ti'r thuong dt\ng hai phuong phap: m<)t la phuong phap t9a d9 m& n;mg,
hai la phum1g phap ham s6 n()i suy.
a) Phuong phap t9a il<3 ma n}ng
Vi d\1 hinh thi'.rc chuy n vi cua phftn tfr m<)t chi@u u(."t:) co thS biSu diSn la:

(l.1)
trong d6:
u(x) - chuyGn vi trong ph n tu;
ai (i = 0, 1, 2, ...) - tham s6 chua xac dinh, g9i la.t9a d9 ma r(>ng. Y nghia ci:1a hlnh
thuc chuy n vi nay la duong cong chuy n vjcua ph n tu t p hQ'P tu htng s6 an, b c nhit
cua x, b c hai cua x, b c ba cua x... , doi v6i d(> lon bien d◊ duong cong quySt dinh b&i t9a
d◊ 1110 r(>ng a;. Ly do g9i a; la t9a d9 m& r9ng la vi a,- khong thgc sv biJu thi chuySn vi
nut cu.a phftn tu, thvc t chung la t6 hQ'P cua mot vai chuy n vi nut. D6i voi da thuc b
c n se quyJt dinh d◊ t\r <lo ci1a ph n tt'r, cai g9i la ct◊ tv <lo ph.1n tu chinh la t6ng sG t.it ca
chuyGn vi th ng
va chuy6n vi xoay cua di6m nut phfu1 ur. DQ tv do cua mot phfu1 tu la t6ng tit ca d9 t\f
8
do di m nut cua phfin tu nay. Cong thuc tren c6 th vi t tbanh:

9
 u(x)=¢n: (1.2)

trong d:6: ¢ ={1 X x2 xri}

T J
a t <J.o
= al an
l

a2
J
b) Phuong phap ham s6 ni}i suy
Phmmg phap nay 15y hinh thuc chuy n vi cu.a phfin tir hi u di n thanh tAng cua tich ham
s6 119i suy v&i cac chuy@n vi nut. Vf d\t d6i v&i phfin tir m◊t chiSu, lfiy ham s6 119i suy d
bi u di n hinh thuc chuy@n vi duqc viSt nhu sau:

(l.3)
lrong d6: 1V1 - ham s6 n(h suy, lhucmg sfr dvng da thfrc Lagrange lam ham s6 rn)i suy ho c
d11ng da thirc Hamilton lam ham s6 n9i suy, cung c6 th6 d11ng ham d ng t9a
d◊ di n tich, t9a d9 th€ tich... lam ham s6 119i suy.
Trong hai phuong phap xay dvng hinh thfrc chuy@n vi & tren, phuung phap sau c6 nhieu
uu diJm hon. Vi d\l nhu khi xay d\mg hinh thfrc chuy n vi d(mg phuong phap t9a de) t6ng
quit, qua tnnh tinh roan ra tc;>a dQ t6ng quit a; cfin phai tinh toan nghjch dao m9t vai ma
tr n, nSu ma tr n la ky di thi kh6ng t6n t i ma tr n nghich, day la sµ h n chS cua phu011g
phap. Ngoai ray nghfa cua toad◊ t6ng quit kh6ng ro rang ding la mot nhuqc diSm.

1.2.2.2. Xac 4j11h ma tr#11 4? cung ph&n tft

Ma tr n OQ c(mg ph1n tir biSu ct t m6i quan h gifra lvc tlllt va chuy n vt nut Clla tfit ca
cac ni.'1t ph:ln tu, n6 ph\l tlm9c vao tinh chit v t li u, hinh d ng kfch tlm&c, s6 diSm nut ...
D giai thich nhfit la do cu:ng khing keo cua cfiu ki n thanh. N u c6 m9t thanh thing co
chi8u dai L' die. n lich m a. l dt la A' mo dun dan h6i la E' lhanh u a. t lren t r u. e x' u u trai
c6
dinh, ct u phai chiu l rc keo d9c trvc F, khi chiu l rc khi&n thanh bi <lan dai sinh chuy n
vj d9c tn,tc=FL/EA, hay Fl = EAIL g9i la de} cung hay h s6 d9 Cl'.rng. Trong phuong
phap phfin tfr huu h n. d◊ cu:ng la chi mot nut nao d6 cua phin tu· chuy n vi don vi
theo phuong nh t dinh d n den l\rC nut; d(j m€m la chi m9t nut nao d6 Clla phfm m
chiu h,rc nut dun vi theo phuung nh§t dj.nh d n ct n chuy n vi nut. D6i v&i thanh thfuig
co:
F = k.ll( k = EA I L) (1.4)

trong d6: k- h s6 d9 cung, hi@n nhien d9 mem la nghtch dao cua d9 cung.
E>6i voi phin ti;r hai chi6u ho c ba chi8u, vi d l nhu ph&n tu tam giac ph ng trong ly
thuy t <.tan h6i c6 3 dinh i, j, k la ba ctiJm nfrt. Ching h,,m nhu u va v l n luqt th hi n
chuyen vi theo phuong X va y, Fx va Fy lAn luqt th bi?n Ive theo phuong X va y, t6ng
1
c9ng c6 6 chuy n vi nut va 6 Ive nut:

1
 kiJ k14 k1s k,61 ui 1
k23 k24 k. ,- k26 V·I
)

u'
k33 k34 k3s k36 J _, \
(
k44 k45 k46 V•
J
kss ks6 Uk

knnU l vk J
ho c c6 thf viat thanh:

F= ( 1.5)
trong d6: K.11
K - ma tr?n d(>
cfrng;
ku (i,j = 1, 2, ... , 6) - h s6 d6 c\'.mg;
F - vec ta.luc nut·'
/1- vec ta chuy n vi m'.1t.

Trong phuong phap chuy n vi phiin tu: hiiu hi,m yeu du ma tr n d9 cung cua phfrn hl:,
trong phuong phap lµc phin tl'.r hfru h yeu ciu ma tr n d◊m m, con phuang phap h6n
hQ'p ph n tfr hfru h n d u yeu du ca hai. N6i chung c6 thS Sll' d mg phlrang phap <llfai
day d xac dinh ma tr n 09 cirng va ma tr n d<) m m:
- Phuong phap tn,rc ti p: khai ni m su: dl,lilg phuong phap d◊ cfrng tn,rc ti p trong ca
hoc k t du la xac djnh quan h h,rc llllt va chuyen vj nut Ctla ph n ttr, hay la ma tr n d◊
c\'.mg. Uu di m cua plmong phap nay la khai ni m V?t ly r6 rang, tinh toan don gian;
nhuqc di&m
la kha kh6 d6i v6i bai toan phu:c t p.
- Nguyen ly c6ng kha di: sir dl,lilg di@u ki n t6ng c6ng kha di n9i h,rc va ngo<;1.i h,rc cua
ph n tfr bfug 0, dLra ra quan h lµc rn:,t va chuy6n vi nl'.Lt ci.:,a ph§n tfr, hay lama tr?n d9
ct'.mg va ma tr n d9m m.
- Phuang phap nang lu9ng: d u tien xay dlJ'ng phi m ham db bi6u d<;1.t th nang, sau d6 su
d1,mg nguyen ly bien phan qrc ttj giai ra C\TC tri ctla phiem ham, thu duqc quan h? l\TC
va bifn hinh cua ph5n tir, tfrc la ma tr n de) c(mg ho c matr n d9 m m. Tfr cac ma tr nde)
cung ho c ma tr d9 mbm, theo plnrong phap nl1At djnh c6 the xay dvng ma tr n d9
cirng t6ng th ho c d◊ m m cua k6t cfiu, tir do thi t l p h? phuo·ng trinh t6ng th€ cua k t
cciu.
1.2.3. Xay <lll'ng ma trin t6ng th , thi t l p h phuO'ng trinh t6ng th ciia k t ciu
H phuang trinh t6ng th€:k t d.u la chi bi u thuc quan h t&t ca lµc nut va tit ca chuy n
vi nut tren k t d.u da duqc rc'ri f<).C h6a. "Lt.re" nut nay la t6ng quat hao g6m ca ]lJC va 1110

1
men. "Chuy n vi" llllt cung la
t6ng quit bao g6m c,a chuySn vi th ng va chuy6n vi g6c.
Trong phuung phap ph n tfr hCru h,,m mu hinh chuy8n vi, t l ca h s0 d:◊ clIIlg ctta phin
tu

1
phai theo vj tri nh t d!nh dS t ip hgp thanh ma tr n c19 c1mg t6ng. Ma tr n d9 cirng t6ng kft
n6i tfit ca quan h h,rc nut va chuy n vi nut tren k t d.u. Do h s6 d9 cung cua cac phfin tu
tuang t'.mg v&i h t9a d9 C\].C b9 cua phfin ti'.r, ma con h tQa d◊ C\lC b9 cua cac phfin tu kh6ng
th6ng nhftt, vi v y v n dn l p h
t<.>a d◊ t6ng th€, h1y t,it ca h s6 dt) dmg chuy€n qua h h)a
d9 t6ng th mm c6 kha nang tiJn hanh t6 bqp.

1.2.4. Giai h phuO'llg tr1nh t6ng th

N6i dmng h phmmg trinh t6ng thS thuong r t Ian tu vai chl)C len d n hang v n phucmg
trinh. Giai h? phuong trinh d i s6 nay dn su dt,mg phuong phap tinh toan toan hoc nhftt dinh
d giai ra s6 chua biSt. NSu b phuang tdnh Ja tuySn tinh c6 th@t'.rng d\lng m9t vai plmang
phap giai h plmong trinh tuy6n tinh; n2u la h phuong lrinh phi tuy6n thi dn sfr dvng m(H
vai phuong phap giai h phuong trinh phi tuy n, vi d\l nhu phuong phap Newton - Raphson.

1.2.5. Xu- lf' k t qua

Sau khi thu UL£()'C cac <1 -ti hr()'Ilg chua biGl v n dn tinh loan mt)t vai d i lu()llg nhu (mg sutit
chinh, biJn d mg chinh... Trang bai toan c6ng trinh, phuang phap phfin tu huu hc,1n sir dt,mg
n)ng rai de giai quy6t cac v§n dB (mg su§t, bien d mg, chuyen vi CLLa v t r n du6i tac d mg
Clta tai tr9ng tinh, cac vin d trong co· hoc v t rin nhu dao dong, huong u:ng dong lt,rc, 6n
djnh... , c6 th6 giai quy t cac v§n d6 bi n d mg lan phi tuyc3n, vful d6 ca h9c tinh deo...
Ngoai ra phuong phap nay v&n co th6 giai cac bai toan cO' h()c chfit long, bai toan truy6n d n
nhi t...

1.3. u'NG Dl)NG PHU'ONG PH.4.P PHAN TU' HO'U a;_N

Du6i day trinh bay mot vi <l\l C\l th6 sfr dvng phuang phap phful hr hfru h.;in c1a tinh
toan n◊i Ive va chuy n vi cua k t cAu. Hinh 1.4 th hi n k t ciu thanh ti t di¢n trcm m t cit
thay d6i g6m hai do m m9t dfiu ngam, mot dfiu t\r do chtu tac dvng cua tai tr9ng t p
trnng d9c
tq1c P t i d u t r do. Xac dinh chuy6n viva rn)i l rc t i cac m t c t 1, 2 va 3.
1
2
3
p
·-·-·-·-·+---
4cm 2cm

8cm8cm

Hinh 1.4. Kit cdu thunh liit diin thay ct6i

1.3.1. Roi r,c boa k t cftu
D6i v&i k6t du nay, c6 the phan thanh hai ph5.n ti'.r <1) va @ nhu hinh 1.5. Chi u dai hai
ph§.n ti'.r d u bing 8cm, duang kinh lfin lm;rt la 4cm va 2cm. Lvc nut va chuySn vi nut cu.a
1
hai phin ti'.r bi u thib ng Fi va u;.

1
 2 3
F:i

I
U; . -_· ·-_·_-_-._·-_·_-_. _. U3 .,

mn1t 1.5. R&i rq,c phdn tll'

1.3.2. Phan tich dijc tinh ph n hr

1.3.2.1. Ll:fa ch<Jn ham sa chuyJn vi
Cach thu:c chuy@n vi cua mot phfi.n tir ngoai phu011g di n mieu ta thay d6i 1m;mg chuy n
vj gifra cac diem nut, con phuang di n khac s6 t9a d9 ma r9ng cu.a 116 it nhiit bilng s6 d9 tµ
do cua ph n tu. Hi n nay trong bai toan keo dan phin tu m9t chi u chi cin gia thiSt each
thfrc chuy n vi la. da thfrc b c nh t, t9a d9 mer r9ng la hai, chuyJn vi d9c 1I11c cua m{>t di m
b t kytrong thanb bi6u thi nlm du6i day:
U ( X) = Cl.o +0:1X
trong do:
T9a d◊ mo r(mg an phan anh chuyen vi tinh c(rng, a1 phan anh tr ng thai bi .n hinh ct'.ia
thanh, x la toa do C\lC b◊ cua phful tU' (hinh 1.6). Ph§n tu thanh ij dijt tren tf\lC x cua h? tQa
do cµc b◊ xOy, tn,1c cua thanh trimg v&i tn,ic x. Chuy n vi di m nut cua hai d§u thanh la u;
va Uj, h,rc nut hai dfiu la Fi va F1,

A X

Hinh 1.6. Phdn tu thanh tren hf t(Ja a<} qlC h{J

Khi x = xi, u = ui; Khi x = x1, u = u1 thay vao u(."r) ta c6:

Tir cong thuc tren gia.i rn a0, a1:

a0[_ 1 X}li-xiuJQ
l f- (xi - xi)
0:1 lli - ui

1
 Sau d6 co tht? thu dugc ham s6 chuyJn vj la:

1.3.2.2. Xac djnh ma tr(in d9 cu:ng phfin tu·

Xac djnh ma tr n d9 c(rng phftn tir cfrng chinh la xac djnh bi u thuc quan h l1Jc nut v6i
chuy n vi nut cu.a mot phfi.n tir. D1Ja vao plm011g trinh hinh hoc khi phfi.n tu: thanh chiu keo
ho c nen va djnh lu t Hooke thu dmyc:
du ux F
C:
x-d- · xE-EA

trong d6:
Ex - bi€n d ng kco (ncn) doc t.f\IC thanh;
crx - irng su t chinh d9c tn,ic;
F - 1\rc keo (nen) d9c tT\,lc;
A - di?n tich m t cilt ngang cu.a thanh;
E - mo dun dan h61.

K.hi x = Xi, u= U;; Khi x = Xj, u = u, thay vao u(x) ta c6:

ri D
1
EA(
=- - U;-UJ )
Sud\mg di u k.i9n din b5ng tinh lvc cua ph n ti'r thanh:
F+F-=0
I j

thu duqc: F. = EA(u- -u-)·

J l l .I

Ghep vao nhau ta

c6:

Cong thuc tren bi6u thi quan h gifra h;rc nut d§.u thanh Fe ={p; F,.}T va chuy6n vi nut

.o.e={u; ujf, hay:

trong d6:

Ke= EA[l -tl

I -1 l

1
 0ay la ma tr n 09cfrng cua ph5n tu thanh khi chiu keo (nen).
Ung dt_mg ma tr{ln d(> cung phfrn tir a tren d:6i v&i phfrn tir CD va (?), d6ng thai xem xet
tucmg d6ng v t li u cua hai thanh, tucmg d6ng v chi u dai phftn tu, rue la E1 = f,;2 = E;
/1 = /2 = / = 8x10- 111, di n tich m t cit ngang cua phfi.n tfr (i) va ® nhu du&i day:
2

n 2 -3 n 2
A = -4 =1,256x10 m,A2 .,= - 22 =3,142xl0-4 m
1
4 4
tt'.r do ta co:
Kie= .EA ,[1 _1
Ph§n ttr CD: -17 [ 0,01570 -0,015701
1 1 1 = E -0,01570 0,01570
e_EA2[1 -17_ [0,00393 -0,003937
J1-E-0,00393
Phftn tu (?): K')-- I
~ -1 1 0,00393 J
1.3.3. Xay dl_fng phuO'ng trinh tfing thi k@t cju

Xay d\mg phuong trinh t6ng th kSt du chinh la xac djnh quan h t t ca l\rc n11t va
chuyfn vj nut trong t6ng th6 k6t c u, ttr d6 thiet l p ma tr d9 drng t6ng th ket c u, viv y
diu tien cin xac djnh vec to' chuy n vi nut va vec ta hrc nut F tuong ung sau khi rai
f<,l.C
thanh m t dt thay d6i.

Ma tr n dO c{mg t6ng thb dia thanh mijt cit thay d6i nhu du&i day:

A1 - A1 0
l
l l
A1 A., - A2
E- Ai
-+---
l l I l
- A2 A2
0
l l u
Do h¢ tc;ia d9 t6ng th cua ph§.n tu thanh cung chinh la h? t9a d(> c1=1c b9 cua hai ph§.n
tu thanh, vi v y liy ma tr n d9 cung cua phin ru trong h t9a d9 Cl,lC b9 chuy€n thanh ma tr
n d9 cung phin tu· trong h t9a d9 t6ng th .
Quan h Ive nut va chuy n vi nut cua t6ng th k t ciu c6 th€ vi t nhudu6i day:
K. =F

l
0,01570
-0,01570 0 liu1l rFil
E -o,o;s10 0,01963 -0,00393 U2I(= 0I
-0,00393 0,00393 ullu3 llr

13
trong d6 qua trinb hinh thanh s6 h?ng Fs v€ pha.i n.lm duoi day:

1.3.4. Giai h phmmg trinh tuy n tinh

Tfr d:iSu ki n bien Xt = 0, u = Ut = 0 ta c6:
63,69427P 318,14720P
,U3 =
E E
Thay vao h plrnang trlnh tren ta c6F1 = P thcia man di u ki?n can bfulg tinh t6ng th .

1.4. UV NHUQC DIEl\.1 CUA PHUONG PHA.P PHAN TU HUU H l\'"

1.4.1. Kha nang thich frng d6i v&i bai toan cin giai quy t
- Lo i hinh, hinh d ng, kich thu&c cirn phfin tir co thJ thay d6i d0 thich hgp v&i hinh d,,mg
hinh hoc khac nhau va vJt th hoijc k t du pht'.rc t.,ip.
- Thich hqp v6·i hiu h@t cac lo i tai trQng tac d1,mg va diSu ki n bien.
- Thich hcyp v6·i v t thS ho c k t c&u q10 thanh tu cac lo i tinh ch.it v t li u v&i diSu ki n
v t ly tuySn tinh va phi tuySn tinh.
- Thich hqp v&i phan tich k t du h6n hqp phfrc t p nhu kSt cfm h6n hqp t?o thanh ur
thanh, ban, VO.

1.4.2. Cong ming giai bai toan kha m nh

- Tnr&c day va hi?n nay co k.ha nhi u bai toan kh6 khong the giai b ng phuong phap giai
tich kinh di n, hi n nay dung phuong phap phfin tu hiluh<;ln deu c6 thS giai quy@t. Vi d\l
nhu vfin d ca h9c ban vo dim h6i hinh d ng phucp, c 6k h o e t 16 ho c di u ki n bien
phuc t p,
vful ob t p tnmg frng suAt, vfm ab 6n dinh va dao d(mg, vAn d hucmg 1mg d(mg, vAn d co
h9c Linh deu, vfin de? k8t du h6n h()J) phfrc l;;tp...
- L p trinh trq giup cfra may tinh, rut ng n thm. gian tinh toan.
- Ung d\lng trong nhi u ph n m m phan tich k€t ciu thong d\mg.
1.4.3. l\'l()t vai nhmyc di m cuaphll'o11g phap phin hr hfru h n
- Kho danh gia sai s6 trong qua trinh tinh toan.
- Cong tac chu n bj dfr li u d u vaokha Ian, kJt qua tinh toan cin phai nguoi c6 kinh
nghi9m d<S danh gia.

1
 Clnemig 2

GI61 THIE• U PHAN MEl\l ANSYS v A cAcH THUC SU DU• NG

2.1. \1 TRi PHAN 1E1"1 ANSYS TRONG TRQ GIUP TiNH TO.'\.N CONG TRINH

ANSYS la rrn)t ph n m6m phan tich phfm tfr hfru h n thong dw1g, co kha nang irng d\,lng
trong nghien ct'.ru khoa h9c vS k t du, nhi t, luu th , di n tu_, am thanh... , u:ng d1,mg r{mg
rai trong cong trinh xay dvng, dia ch t khoang san, thtiy lc;ri, duong slit, duong giao thong,
cong
trinh qu6c phong, hang k.hong Vll lf',1, tau lhtty, ch6 t o CO' gi6'i, c6ng nghi9p h t nhan, khai
thac dfi.u mo_, cong nghi p nh , di n tu, san phfrm di n gi.a d1=tng va tbiSt bi y t€... thong
thuong duqc dung trong c6ng nghi p va cong tac nghien cuu khoa h9c. Phin m@m ANSYS
la m<)t phAn m m thi t kf ph n tu hfru h m thong dvng da dugc thong qua chl'.mg chi chAt
luqng ISO 9001, Hi?p h9i Ky su Ca gi6i Hoa ky (ASJ'v[E), Cl.le An toan H<;1t nhan Hoa
Ky (NQA) va gin 20 lo i chung chi ch p nh n la phin m@m phan tich tieu chu&n cua cac
Hi p h9i Ky thu t chuyen nganh.
Tren thS gi&i, phfin rnSrn ANSYS da. tra thanh ph6 biSn trong tinh toan thi t kt cong
tdnh kiJn true xay d\ffig. ANSYS dugc l'.mg d1,mg rong rai trong thi t kS kJt du thep, k t
du be tong c6t thep nha dan d\mg va c6ng nghi p, san v n d(mg va nha thi d u th€ d\lC th
thao,
cong trlnh du, c1 p 16n, c1ucrng hfun vii cong trinh ngfim...
0 Trung Qu6c, r t nhiSu c6ng trinh xay dl.lng 16-n deu ung
dl.lng phin mem ANSYS,
ngoai ra, D;;ti h9c Giao thong Tay Nam, D i h9c D6ng T8, Di;ti h9c Thanh Hoa, D i h9c Vu
Han ... d u da ung dw1g ph§n rn m ANSYS thiSt k va phan rich cac lo i k8t du c u, k t
d.u nha cao ting, mai san van dong, m6 phong qua trinh thi cong duong him thi1y cong,
thi€t k€ d p vom, d p da d6 ban mJt be tong...
d Vi t Nam, nhfrng nam tnrac day phftn mem ANSYS clnra si'r d1,mg n}ng rai nhfit la
trong nganh xay d\ffig n6i chung va nganh xay dl)'.ng dan d1,.mg va cong nghiep n6i rieng
nhung lilln <l:ln dm7c chjp nh n nhu la m(H ph n m€m m nh trong tinh tuan cong trinh

15
xay
dvng.
Ili?n nay phfin m m ANSYS da phat tri n dSn phien ban ANSYS Vl9.0, tuy nhien cac
htrong <l n <lu&i day dugc thvc hi9n tn3n phien ban ANSYS \116.0.

1
2.2. Ci\.CH THtJ'C SlJ' D\JNC PH...'\N .MEM ANSYS

2.2.1. Khoi cf{mg va thoat khoi phfin m m ANSYS

2.2.1.1. Khdi ilp11g phJ.n mJm A.JVSYS 16.0

Sau khi hoan cai d t phfu1 m m c6 thlS ti n hanh khai d9ng d6 st'.r d1_mg ph1n mf:m
ANSYS 16.0 theo cac each thfrc duoi day:
- Khai cl(mg nhanh:
Dung chm)t nhin dup tn,Jc ti6p vao bi u tm.mg phfm m m tren Desktop fl Machanical
APDL 16.0 d@ kh6i dong nhanh phln m m.
- Khc}i d{mg c6 hra clu_m mo dun ciia nhd scin xudt:
Start> Programs File> ANSYS 16.0 > fachanical A.POL Product Launcher 16.0 > Xu t
hi?n cua s6 h.ra chem n1m hlnh 2.1 > L-1Ja ch9n thu mvc lam vi c va nh p ten bai toin >
Nh&n Run ctJ kh&i d9ng ph n m€m.

Hinh 2.1. Cfra s6 khi.h d<)ng phim mJm

Luu y: khi kh6i d◊ng nhanh, thu Ill\lC lam vi c va ten bai toan duQ'c 15.y theo m c dinh
cu.a clmang trinh. 0@ tranh luu de Jen bai toan da c6, khi kh&i d()ng xong dn thay d6i thu
illl)C lam vi c va ten bai toin. D6i vai nguai mai b t aAu SU' d9ng nen SU' dl_lng each thu
hai
d(? khc'ri. d(mg ph n m6m.

17
 2.2.1.2. Thotit khoi ph6n mJm AiVSYS 16.0
8€ thoat khoi phftn m m ANSYS co the thl,Ic hi n theo cac each:
- NhAn re ti6p vao bieu tm,mg OUITI tren thanh cong cv dra s6 giao di n ph n m6m.
- Utility Menu> File> EXrr...
- Nhin vaobi u tuqng 6 g6c phia tren ben phai cua s6 giao di n.
Saukhi th rc hi n m9l trong cac thao tac lrcn sc xufrl hi n ctra s6 nhu hinh 2.2, l ra
ch<.;>n
m9t trong bdn gqi yd h.ru/kh6ng IU11 bai toan.

- it f.r:im rl echanical .O..PDL-

C" Save Geo+-Ld+Solu

i Save Eve.-jthing

I
l)K Cancel I Help

ffinh 2.2. Ci,·a s6 hta ch(m trubc khi thoat khoi phfln mJm
- Ho c nh p l nh /EXTT dS thoat khoi hoan toan phAn m m.
Luu _y: D6i v&i ba each diu tien d: u yeu du tru&c khi thoat khoi phin m6m d.n hra chc;m
each luu/khong luu bai toan. D6i voi ngu&i moi b t d u sfr d\mg nen su d\mg cac each nay.
2.2.2. Cira s6 giao di n ph n m m ANSYS
Sau khi khbi dong ph§.n m6m ANSYS 16.0 xu&t hi n cira s6 giao di n nhu hinh 2.3. Day
con duqc gQi la ci:ra so giao di n v&i ngm:ri sfr d mg GUI (Graphical User Interface). Trong
cfra s6 hinh 2.3 bao g6m 8 b9 ph n chinh:
Q) Menu ti n tich (Utility Menu): Trong qua trinh thgc hi n bai toan, b t k Jue nao cilng

c6 th€ thao tac v6i menu nay de thµc hi n m9t chuc nang nao d6 ho c dua ra m6t dra s6
lµa
ch,m. Trong menu nay bao g6rn 10 the: Lva cb9n d6i tugng (Select), hi€n thi dfr li u d ng
bang (List), hi n thi du li¢u d;;i.ng d6 l19a (Plot), kh6ng che hien thi (PlotCtrls), m t ph ng
lam vi c (Vlork Plane), tham s6 (Parameters), l nh mo· r911g (Macro), kh6ng chS menu
(MenuCtrl), tr9· giup (Help).
@Cl'.ra s6 nh p l nh (Command Prompt): Khi thao tac trong phAn m m ANSYS ngoai sfr
d1_mg phucmg thuc GUI (thao thac dung chu9t) v§,n co thJ sir d1.1ng nh p l nh, cac cau l nh
cua ANSYS d u co thJ nh p qua cua sf> nay. V&i ngm'ri m6i b t d u sir d1,1ng nen kJt hgp ca
hai phuong thfrc.
G.) Hi<3n thi cfra s6 dang fin (Raise Hidden): Trong qua trinh sir dw1g ANSYS, co the xu t

1
hi n nhiSu cu:a s6 vi dµ nhu: cu:a s6 h;:a chon, cua s6 dinh nghfa hilng s6 v t li u... nhfin
vao biSu tu9ng nay da hi?n cac cua s6 dang fin.

19
 © Thanh c6ng q1 (Toolbar): Tren thanh c6ng q1 bao g6m rrn)t vai l nh va ham s6 thuong
SU d1,mg. Ngua1 SU' di.mg co th theo nhu d.u dS thiSt l p cac ni1t cong Cl,l, chi din dung
chu9t nhiln nut d thao tac cac cau l nh.

t,1:t111M:11u
rJ Pr&fillil"!C8S CI Preproc•'li:t.or Ci: 3oution
it G.!n@r.?11Po tproc
ETneHi t Pos.tpro E R::m, To::tl
CI ProbDesign
I!R;1diwticn 0111
r.J Snsitx1ELJHu, ti Fi'ligh

ffit1h 2.3. Cica sci giao di¢n phdn mhn ANSYS 16.0

® Meu chinh (Main 1vlenu): Tilt ca qua tdnh thvc hi n phan tich bai toan kbt du d u co
ban n m trong menu nay. Trong menu duqc sip xSp theo trinh tl,T phan tich bao g6m xu ly
s6 li9u, tinh toan, xfr ly k6t qua thong thuong, xu ly k€t qua theo thcri gian... , dfiu "+"
tnr&c menu th hi n c6 th xufit hi n menu cAp con trnng d6.
@ Nut ti n ich: D6i v&i cic thao tac su d\mg nhi€u trong qua trinh thvc hi n bai toan
ho c cac thao tac c n thi6t cho mt)t bai toan, ph n m6m ANSYS dua ra cac m'.1t cong cv ct€
dung chu9t th11c hi¢n nhanh thao tac.
Cu Man binh hi n thi: Day la cua s6 chinh cua phfin m m ANSYS, mo binh phan tich,
lu&i, ph6 m u, duang ding kch qua tinh toan... thong tin h(li tµ trong qua trinh giai d u hi6n
th:i. trong ci'ra s6 nay.
@ Thanb tr ng thai: Hi n thi m9t vai thong tin trong qua trinh thao tac GUI dS nhtc nho
nguai sfr d1,1ng.
Trong phm:mg thuc GUI, c6 4 each dS tht,TC hi n m9t thao tac:
- Thao tac Menu
- Nh p l nh tn;rc tiJp
- Su d\mg thanh c6ng C\1
- 09c tu t?p
Tit ca cac thao tac tren d€u duqc ghi 1-;ti du&i d:;tng Log File, nguai su d1,mg c6 th kiJm
tra, chinh sira ho c hru.

2
 2.2.3. Chinh sira cfra s6 giao di n
ANSYS cho phep nguoi dung d\fa vao so thich ca nhan d chinh sira giao di n.
- Thay d6i b6 c 1<.: :tvlenu:
Ultility Menu > MenuCtrls > Ti.1y ch<;m dS chinh sira Menu.
Vi d1,1 b6 sung nut thao tac nhanh tren thanh cong C\l:
Sau kl1i da. t;;io file macro KHUNGPHANG.MAC d6 tinh toan khung phiing nhi!Su tfulg
nhi u nhtp, c6 thS g9i nhanh file thong qua nut tren thanh cong C\J.
Ultility :Menu> MenuCtrls > Edit Toolbar... > Xuit hi n cu:a s6 Edit Toolbar/Abbreviations
nlur hinh 2.5> Trong Selection = *ABBR, K.HUNG2D,D:\Bai giang + Giao trinh\ANSYS XDDD\
Chuong 5\KHUNGPHANG> Accept> Close duqc k t qua nlm hinb 2.6.
Edit Tc•:•!wi/\bbreviatioas

•. BBF.PJ'w GRFH. FsJ .'GR/\FHICS "ABBF.QLIT. 'nc :::XI--

!'dtiCIO MeLIUGlib t!elµ, •ABBF.RESUt, D-B. RESLJvE "ARRF SAo/FJIR ,<\VF

Color Seled1011.. 1--ont Select1on ...

Upd'fltc Toc;lbar Ed-iioolbar ... Save Toolbar .. RestoreToolbir ..

Message Con1mls . Save Mimu La,mu1

Hinh 2.5. B6 sung nut thao tac nhanh tren thanh cong qi

Toolbar

ISAVE_ □BIRESUM_□BI POWRGRPH! KHUNG2 □1

Hinh 2.6. 1V1,t KHUNG2D aii tfln;rc tao tren thanh c6ng qt

Ultility Menu> MenuCtrls > Save Menu Layout dS luu.

Tuy nhien nut m6i duqc t o se mit di khi khoi dc)ng l i ph n m m. N u mu6n thuong
trtJC tren thanh c6ng C\l c n chinh st'ra trong file startl60 theo ducmg d n: C:\
Program Files\ANSYS Tnc\v I 60\ansys\apdl\stmi I 60
/PSEARCH
*ABBR, KHUNG2D, D:\ANSYS XDDD\Chuong 5\KHUNGPHANG

- Thay d6i mau s5.c va font chfr

ANSYS cho phep thay d6i mau s c va font chfr tre.n ci'.ra s6 d6 h9a:
Utility Menu> PlotCtrls > Font Controls dS thay d6i ki u font chii va co chfr.
Utility :Nlenu > PlotCtrls > Style > Colors d@ thay d6i mau s c.
Utility M.enu > PlotCtrls > Style > Background d€ thay d6i mau n@n.

21
 Thuong sir dl,lng font chu va mau sic m c dinh cirn phfin m rn, nguoi dtmg it khi thay
d6i. Chu y u thay d6i rnau nSn cira sf> d6 h0a tu den sang trfing khi cfin ch1,1p anh cua sf>:
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Colors > Reverse Video.

2.2.4. Quan ly tfp tin

2.2.4.1. Lo{f,i tfp tin

Phin m m ANSYS sir d1,1ng nhi u t p d luu va kh6i ph1,1c dfr li u d c bi t la khi phan
tich tinh toan. C:ic t p nay c6 ten la.filename.ext, trong d6 filename la ten bai toan va ext la
duoi ma n)ng dung d bieu thi rn)i dung dia t9p. Sau khi khai d9ng phfu1 rrn3m ngtr6-i d1mg
chi dinh ten t¢p, n u khong d t ten t¢p thi phfin mSm m c dinh ten bai toan la FILE. Luu y
trong phin m m ANSYS kh6ng sir d\lllg duqc ten ti6ng Vi?t.
Bang 2.1 va 2.2 lh6 hii;n de t9p duqc l O ra tLr ph§n mGm ANSYS. Cac U: p Ltuqc l O ra
va ctoi kbi bi x6a tnr&c khi k€t thuc ANSYS dugc gQi la cac t p t m thai (Bang 2.1). Cac t?p
con 1:;ii sau khi k t thuc phin rn m ANSYS duqc g9i la cic t p v111h dru (Bang 2.2).

Bang 2.1. l\tlt)t vai tfp t m thoi dmyc t o ra tfr phin m m ANSYS

DulJi mu r{,n,: Lo i Nl)i dun,:

ANO Text Cau Ienh chu giai d6 h<;>a [IANNOT]
RAT Text Dfr Iic;u dftu vao duqc sao chcp tu tc;p diu vao [/BATCH]
DOn Text L?nh l p DO cho n lop 15ng nhau
--

EROT Binary Xoay ma tr n phfin tu

PAGE Binary T p Page cho b<) nh6 au ANSYS (khong gian ca so du li u)
Bang 2.2. M<)t vai t p vinh cfru dtr9·c t:,to ra tir phin m m ANSYS

Duoi mu r{jng Locli lVpi dung

DB Binary Tp CO' St)' du li u lSAVE, /EXIT]
ELEM Text E>µm nghia ph§n tir [E\\'RITE]
EMAT Binary Ma trJn phin tu
ERR Text L6i va canh bao
ESAV Binary Du li u ph n tir da luu augc t o b6i phan tich phi h1y n
FULL Binary L5p rap do cung t6ng thJ va ma tr n kb6i lw;mg
IGES Text Dir li?u mo hinh kh6i [IGES]
LOG Text Qua trinh nh p Ienh
LOOP Text T9p li;ip t6i lill
MCOM Text T6 hqp dao d(mg tir phan tich ph6 phan 1'.rng [MCOMB]
- - -
MODE Binary lv1a tr n daodqng (phan tich dao dqng ho c 611 djnh)

2
 Bang 2.2 (tiJp theo)

Duoi mo' r(mg Lof!.i N{ji dung

MP Text Dinh nghfa thu<)c tinh v t li u [MPWRITE]
NODE Text Dinh nghia nut [NWRITE]
OPO Text D u ra cua ANSYS cho vong l p t6i LTU cu6i Cltng
OPT Text Dfr li ut6iuu
OUT Text T?p c.tAu ra d'ia ANSYS
PARM Text Dinh nghia tham s6 [PARSAVEJ
RDSP Binarv Gian lu\J'C chuyen vi
REDM Binary Gian hrqc ma tr n d<) drng kSt du
RFRQ Binary Gian hrqc chuy n vj pht'rc l p
RSI Binary T p kft qua tfr phan tich k t du va truong k6t hc;rp
RTH Binary T?p k€t qua tu phan Lich nhi?t
Snn Text T p bu&c tai {trong do nn = s6 bu&c tai) [LSWRITE]

2.2.4.2. D()c cac tjp tin dii co vao trong chu·O'ng trinh ANSYS
Trong nhi u truong hqp cin phai d9c cac t?p da co d su dµng trong ANSYS. Cac t p co
thS la t¢p van ban chu:a cac cau 1¢nh ANSYS ho c t?p nhi phan cua dfr li¢u ANSYS.
Sfr <l1;1ng cau l nh /INPUT (Utility 1vlenu>File>Rea<l Input from) d8 d9c t p van ban chua
cac cau l nh ANSYS n.lm co th6 d9c t p log (Jobname.LOG) tu m(>t phan tich t1u&c. Yi d\1
su: dµng 1¢nh sau d ANSYS d9c t p M/\ TERIAL.INP tu thu ml,lc lam vi c:
/INPUT,MATERIAL,INP

Bang 2.3 va 2.4 thS hi n cac cau l nh ho c GUI c6 thJ d9c cac t¢p van ban va t p nhi
phan.
Bang 2.3. Cau l nh va GUI c1c,c t p van ban

Cliu lj11.lt GUI ]l,f(JC ilfch

*USE Utility Menu>Macro>Execute Data Block BQc t p macro

B9c tham s6 tu t p
PARRES Utility Menu>Parameters>Restore Parameters
(Jobname.PARM)
fJQC phh tu tu t?p
EREAD Main Menu>Prcprocessor> Creatc>Elemenls>Read Elem File
(Jobname.ELEM)
B9c Ill!t tu· L?p
NREAD Main Menu>Preprocessor> Create>Nodes>Read Node File
(Jobname.NODE)
Main Menu>Preprocessor> Loads>Other>Change Mat
Bc;,c thu(>c tinh v t
Props>Read from Pile
ivJPREAD li u tu ti p
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Material Props>Read from File
(Jobnarnc.MP)
Main Menu>Solution>Other> Change Mat Props> Read from File

23
 Bang 2.4. Cau l nh va GUI dqc t p 1th! phin

01u l?nh GUI J!l{IC ilich

Utility Menu>File..'>Resume Lu £)9c trong L?p ca sci' dfr li u
RESUME
Utility Menu,. ,.File>Resume (Jobname.DB)
Jobname.DB
D9c trong t p k@t qua
SET
Utility Menu>List>Results>Load Step Summaiy (.lobname.RST, .lobname.RTH,
(trong POSTl) . .

Jobnamc.RMG, Jobnamc.RFL)
OPRESU 0QC lrong L?p dfr li u t6iUll hcia
Main Menu>Design Opt>Resume
(trong OPT) (Jobname.OPT)

2.2.4.3. Ghi cac tjp t,,.clzu·<11rg trinlr ANSYS

Ben cc;tnh cac t p ma chuong trinh J\NSYS t o ra trong qua trinh phan tich bai toan, v n
co th6 t o cite t p khi dn thi t. Tlmcmg su dvng l nh d6 ghi t p tin /OUTPUT, cho phep
chuySn huong d§.u ra d:,:i.ng van ban tu man hinh sang t p. Vi dt,1 chuy n hu6ng ban in
t'.mg
suit POSTl sang t?p, cau l nh se la.:
/OUTPUT,STRESS,OUT
! O§u ra cho 1$p STRESS.OUT
! Tohqp l'.mg suat
PRNSOL,COMP
/OUTPUT
! Oau ra quay tr& l i man hlnh
Tuong du011g v&i GUI nhtr sau:
Utility Menu>File>Switch Output to>File
Utility Menu>File>Switch Output to>Output Window

Bang 2.5 liet ke cac l nh ghiteptinkhac duqc su d1,mg trong qua trinh phan tich.

.Bang 2.5. Cau l nh va GUl ghi cac t p tin

Gau ljnh GUI 1lf l}C ilfch

Ghi co 80' dfr li u thi

SAVE Utility Menu>File>Save as
t?p Jobname.DB
Ghi th;im s6 tai t p
PARSAV Utility Menu>Parameters>Save Parameters
Jobname.PARM
Main Ivlenu>Preprocessor>Create>Elements> Ghi dinh nghla ph n nt
EWRJTE
Write Elem File t&i t p Jobname.ELEM
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Create>Nodes> Ghi dinh ngh'ia nut t&i
NWRITE
Write Node File t?p Jobname.NODE
Main IV!enu>Preprocessor>Loads>Other>
Change !\fat Props>Write to File Ghi thu(k tinh v t li u
.tv1PWR1TE Main !vlenu>Preprocessor>Material Props> t6i t p Jobname.MP
Write lo File
- - Main Menu>Solution>Other>Change MatProps>Write to File [

22
 2.2.4.4. Gan ten khac cho t?p

Nhu da d ci;lp 6· ph:ln tru6·c c6 th sfr di,mg cau 1¢nh /FILNMIE tu Jue bfit d§.u dS
gan ten cong vi c cho clt ca cac t p duQ'c tl;lo ra sau d6. Su d\lng cau l nh /ASSIGN (Utility
Menu>File>ANSYS File Options) d6 gan m9t ten khac, duoi mo- rong va thu mi;tc lam vi
c cho m9t t?p. Vi d1,1 cau l?nh du6i day d gan l1;ti t p ma tran phfui tir (nhan d:,mg EMAT)
cho VIDUl.DAT trong thu ml)c "CHUONG2":
/ASSIGN,EMAT,VIDU1,DAT,CHUONG2/
Dfi.u "!" la rn(H dftu phan ta.ch ten thu 111\lC lam vi c kh6i ten t p.

2.2.4.5. Cfiu l?nh quim V ffp khac

Bang 2.6 li t kem(H vai cau l nh quan ly t p khac.
Bang 2.6. Cau lfuh va GUI quan 15, t p tin

Cliu l nh GUI 1Wtu: dfch

Sao chep cac t p nhi phan hi9n co
/COPY Utility Menu>File>File Operations>Copy
h\ ben trong ANSYS
/CLOG Khong t5n t?i Sao chep cac t p nh h ky
-

/RENAME Utility :tvknu>Filc>Filc Opcrations>Rcnamc E>bi ten t¢p

/DELETE Utility Menu>File>File Operations>Delete X6a t p
X6a cac Np nhAt dinl1trong khi
/FDELE Utility Menu>File>ANSYS File Options
ch<;ty (t10 l.i8l ki m <lung llf"(,mg ma)

2.2.5. Cac qua trinh cO' ban di giai m{>t bai toan k t du biing ANSYS
Trinh tt..r giai bai toan kSt du cong trinh bftng ph:ln m m ANSYS bao gbm 17 bu6c ca
ban duqc phan lam 3 nh6m la xir ly s6 li u, tinh toan va xfr ly k t qua nhu du6i day:
2.2.5.1. X,r y s6 liju (/PREP)
- f> t ten bai toan
- Gi&i h n ph m vi phan tich
- Dinh nghfa tbam s6 ban d&u
- Dinh nghia lo i phin tfr
- Ojnh nghia h ng s6 phfin tu
- Djnh nghia mijt d.t ph n tir
- Dinh nghla thu<)c tinh v t li?u
-Xay dvng mo hinh hinh h9c
- Chia luo·i phfrn cu·
- Gan di€u ki n bien va tai tn,mg

2
 2.2.5.2. Tinh toan (/SOLV)

- Lva ch9n lo i phan tich.

- Thiet l p cac ycu du tinh loan.
-Tinh toan.

2.2.5.3. Xu ly kit qua (/POST)

- Xu ly kJt qua thong thuong du6'i d ng bang bieu, ph6 mau...
- Xir ly kJt qua theo thc'Ji gian d ng bang bi u, d6 th( ..
- Xir l}· k6t qua ct!n xufrt.
- Phan tich k t qua.

24
 Clurung3
" • :l ,. . , . .,

P H A N TI CH KET CAU DA M LIE N

Tl)C

3.1. PHAN TiCH KET cAu DANI LIEN T()C THEO PHlJ°ONG PHAP PTHH

3.1.1. Roi r c hoa k t cAu

Bmk dfiu tien cirn phan tich phfin m hfru h la rcri r c h6a k t d.u, hayn6i each khac chia
k t du thanh cac phfi.n m t o thanh mo h1nh tinh toan. Trong kSt diu dfim hen tµc, day la
bu6'c kha don gian, m6i m9t do n xem la mot ph n tu, m6i mot gf>i dci' la mot di m nut. Trang
h1, n,1 '.']J ..1 ma- c.1,·e,(m -nut t'a k y,, 1u· u . a 1., 2, '-]",·.. ,- 11·, m- Ia' wff,> r\zb--l, \S:'
A , ,
..K .
ap·11an t u· k. y•. 1u· u A
Y,..• , n
-1 e:..t
dud ml i e n t LC c6 n c.1i2m 111'.1t se co n-1 phfui tt'.r. Hai c.1.1u trai va phai cua <l.1m lien tµc cu
th€ la kh6p ho c c6 th@ la ngam. 09 c(mg ch6ng u6n c(ia cac ph n tu co thG bing nhau ho
c khong bing nhau.

()) (2) 3 (D
n-1 (n-1) n
X z X 9. _g_

Hinh 3.1. A1<1 ililm nut, ma phcin tic cita ddm lien t c:

3.1.2. Phan tich d c tinh ph n tfr

Sau khi hoan thanh chia ph n nr, ti n hanh pha.n tich d c tinh ph n tu, cu6i cung la thi t
l*p ma tr n do c{rng phiin tir. 06i voi dfun lien we c6 thS b6 qua bu&c nay, t.rµc ti p

ri--------,...;
xay d1,mg ma tr n d9 ct'.rng phfin tfr. D ti n hanh phan tich d c tinh phfin rrr, lcly hinh 3.2
la m◊t
vi d1,1.
M· M2 M2, .tvG
.,-,._ ..--...............,----.,_
. ,._ mr

G)
rx
2 ,1) 3u @ 4

X _Q_ X
Hinh 3.2. Ddm lien ll;IC ba nhfp

2
 Hinh 3.3. Phdn tu: didn hinh trong d6m lien tl;IC

Hinh 3.2 thb hi n dAm lien t\].C chju tac d1_1ng cua mo men t i nut, ma oi m nut trong
k6t du la I, 2, 3, 4; ma ph§n tu la Q), (?), ®. TiSn hanh phan tich chom(lt ph:ln tfr di n hlnh
nhu hinh 3.3, trong d6 hai dfru ph n tir Iiy ma nut m6i la i vaJ.

26
 Nhi m V\l chinl1 cirn ph;c1n tich d c tinh ph n la thift l p bi!u thirc
nr cho dm lien h;1c
quan h¢ gifra mo men m;, m '. d u thanh vai g6c xoay t.,ii nut Bt, BJ bi Su thuc quan h¢
nay co th thu duqc tn,Ic tiSp tu phuoug trinh chuySn vi g6c xoay trong co· h9c kSt du, hinh
thirc
ma tr n cua n6 la:
4EI
I
(3.1)
2EI
l
trong d6:

I - dq cung d011 vi, tlmcmg biSu d t b ng Icy hi u i, vi v y [kt co th viJt nhu sau:

(3.2)

Do d6 plmang trinh d9 cung cua m9t ph§n tfr e nao d6 duqc vi t l i la:

ho c viSt don gian

thanh:
{m}e =[kt{e}e (3.3)

trong d6:

me trll - ·
te
{m f
= to mo ment · c'ac d:a..u pI rnn n' r tI 1anI 1;
1

'vec nu't

1
ll1111IJ
\
,gr ,e = .(,0t1r1, - vec . .t · , . h ..
xoay u 1 em nu t cu a p

ta goc
,
an
ll8JIJ
k ..l
(.'
k-Ill-
11
- ma tr?n dt) c{rng Cl'.ia phAn tt'.r.
LJ
k w- kq-, k1-1•, k.-JI - cac thanh phan trong ma tra• n [k]e' gni la he s6 dyt, cung. . Thanh ph n
y
2
 k-// -
bi6u thj. mo men sinh ra a nut i do g6c xoay dan V! o nlltj (g6c xoay a
cac nut khac b ng 0).

Ma tr n de) cfrng ph n tfr [kie c6 tinh chfit nhu <ltroi day:

- Ma tr n d('> cung ph n ti'r [kt c6 th giai tn_rc tiSp tu phuang t.rinh clrny n vi g6c xoay
diJm nut.

28
 - Hai thanh phfrn trong vcc to c<)t tht'.r nhiit [ kkii trong fkr bieu thi g6c xoay don vi sinh
ji J
ra t:;ii nut i cua phin tl'r.
-fkP la mot ma tr4in d6i xung, hay ku = kji.
3.1.3. Phan tich tfing th
Khi phan tich phin tu him h n, xem k t du nlm la m(>t h phfin tl'r. Tren n€n tang cu.a
phan tich d c tinh phfm tfr cfmg phai l.ly ph n t-cr ghep n6i thanb kjt du. Dtr6i day sc thiet
l p phuong trinh d◊ dmg t6ng th8 Clla d m lien t1,ic-, giai ra ma tr n de) c(mg t6ng the Ctla
d:1m lien tl,lc. Trong qua trinh giai m tho·i khong xem xet diSu ki n bien cu.a kSt cau, sau
khi thi t l p phuO'ng trinh d9 cfrng t6ng th cua k t ciu, d1,Ta vao di u ki n bien d di u
chinh plnwng trinh c19 cfrng t6ng th , phuong phap nay cling duqc g9i la phuong phap xir ly
sau ci:1a phftn ltr hLru h?n.
Hinh 3.4 th6 hi n dim lien n,1c ba nhip, khi xay <l\mg ma tr n d(jc(mg t6ng th€ [Kl
d:1u tien khong xem xet di u ki?n bien, gia thi t dftm c6 b6n g6c xoay t i b6n nut 01, 02,
0 3, 0 4,
c6 b6n m6 men ngo.,li 11,1'.c lvf,, M2, }vi_-,,, N/4 tac d1,mg t.,li nllt (bibu thi bing chfr cai in
hoa d phfin bi t v6'i mo men diiu phiin tu thanh), vec to' mo men ngo.,ti h,rc va vec to' g6c
xoay diSm nut lfin lugt la:

(3.4)

Vee to mo men ngo i l rc tac dvng len di m nut va g6c xoay di€m nutd u l§y chi u thu n
kim d6ng h6 la dmmg, ngu:qc chiSu kim d6ng h6 la am.
.--... .,.- -.,,,._
Nlt M2 M3

I w
1
0
_ CD
l 2 3 ®
ffinh 3.4. Dam lien t1,1-c ba nhjp

Quan h giua mo men ngo.,li 1\IC tac d\lllg len di6m nut va g6c xoay dibm nut la:

K,1 Kl2 K13 K14lr011

rJA--rJ
M11r- _ K21 K,,. .. ., K23 KK24 J J02ll
J L .
0 r
K31 K32 K33
'4 I 31
1l::11 K41 K42 K43 K:J l04
2
ho c vi t dongian
thanh:
{Af} =[K]{ 0} (3.5)

trong d6: [K] - ma tr n de) cl'.mg t6ng th , m9tthanh ph n K11 bit ky trong [K] g9i la h? s6
de) cung t6ng th , no bi u thi mo men ngo i l.µc l1{ d t t i nut i khi di€m
nut J phat sinh g6c xoay don vi (hay = 1, g6c xoay 6 cac cfo m nut khac
bing 0).
H s6 d(> ct'.mg t6ng th Kif c6 th thu cluqc ttr ma tr n d(J dmg ph n tfr. B6i v&i ph n trr
Q), @, ® cua dim lien tl,tc cho 0 hinh 3.4 c6 th thu du9·c cac ma tr de) cung phfrn nr:
' ) ·7
-l 1

4i,

2i2 l
4i21J

[k J3 = [ .-.: _1 2i3
-vj 4i3J

Ma tr n d9 cung t6ng th [Al dugc c{mg g9p tir cac ll'ia tr n d9 cung ph n tir [k]\ nh1mg
kh6ng phai la cQng thong thuang cac ma tr n ct◊ cfrng ph n ti'.r [kl 1, [kf fk]3vi [Kl la ma
tr n 4x4 con [kJ' la ma tr n 2x2, vi v y tru6·c khi c(lng gc)p dn ti n hanh chinh sira ma tr
n d(l
ci.'rng ph:in tfr [kt, ma n)ng thanh ma tJ ll 4x4_ l:) u tien chinh sua cac ma tr n de) ci.'rng ph
ll
tir, trong phln tu CD, di m nut i n.rong ung di m nut 1, di m nut}n.rong ung di m nut 2:

4i1 2i, 0 ol
4i, 0 0
[ k J1 = 2i1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 OJ
trong phftn tCr @, cti6m Illll i tuong (mg difm n(1t 2, diem Illlt j lmmg (mg c1i'3m Illll 3:

0 0 0 0
' ? 1
[kJ - = 0 4i2 2i2 0
0 2i,,.,., 4i2 0

OJ nut) tuang irng di m nut 4:

0 m0nut3,0 di€m
trong phfin tu®, diSm nut i nrang ung di

0 0 0 o l
0 0 0 0
30 0 0 4i3 2i3
0 0 2i':, 4i3J
[kJ3 =

3
 Sau khi chinb sira c(mg g9p die ma lr?n d9 cimg phfin tir thu dugc ma tr n d9 cirng
t6ng thS:

4i1 2i1 0 0 l[ 0, l [ M, l
[K]= 2i1 4i1 + 4i2 2i2 0 . i02l =f\12I (3.6)
0 2i2 4i2 + 4i3
213 1031 I kf31
0 0 2i1 4(, j lB4 l Af4
Phucmg phap nay tir ma tr?n d(> ctmg phfin tu trgc tiSp ghep n6i thanh ma tr n d9 cung
t6ng the con dugc g9i la. phuo·ng phap ghep n6i d(> cimg phftn tu. Tu qua trinh ghep n6i
co th thiy d.ng c6t loi cua phuang phap ghep n6i 09 ctrng la giai cac ma tr d9 cung
phfui tu,
d6ng thai d\ra vao ma di m nut i. j c1fa phin n'r chinh sira ma tr n d9 cfrng sau do m&i c(>ng
g(>p. Dlmg plurang phap ghcp n6i d9 cfrng xay dvng ma tT?ll d9 cung t6ng th la buac qua11
tr911g trong tinh toan ph§n tfr hfru h<;111 k t du d§m lien t\1c.
(j tren da l y k t c u dim lien f.\lc ba nhip lam vi dl;I di gioi thi?u nguyen ly co ban va
qua trinh tinh toan cua phucmg phap ghep n6i d9 cimg phfin tu. 06i voi d1m lien ti,lc c6 n
diSm m'.1t (n-1 ph§n tfr), sfr d\mg phtrong phap ghcp n6i d9 cirng phfin nr c6 tht thu duqc ma
tr?n d9 c{mg t6ng th6 nhu du&i day:
')l·
...1 l
4i,+4i2 2i2
2i2 4i2 +
[K]= 4i3 (3.7)

2in-l 4in-1LJ
Tir ma tr{in d9 cimg t6ng th & tre-n c6 th6 th§.y ring d6i v&i dftm lien t\Jc co n di€m nut
thi ma tr n u<) c{rng t6ng the cua n6 c6 nxn b c. Thanh ph.ln khac O trong ma tr n t p trung t?i
dtrcmg cheo chinh va hai ben duong cheo, cac thanh phAn khac b:ing 0. Ma tr n nay
con dugc g9i la ma tr n d6iximg g6c.
3.1.4. Ap di ukifn bien
06i v6imotd mlien tuc nao ct6, n&u hai d&u ct'.m w1m lien tuc la naam thi !JOC xoay cua
do
• • , • i:, '

di m nut 0 phai bilng 0, h'.ic nay cftn ti n hanh di u chinh phuang trlnh cuug. C6 th ap
di6u ki9n bi6n truoc khi ghcp n6i ma tr n d9 cung tfing tl16 ciing c6 th6 ap di6u ki9n bicn
sau khi ghep n6i ma tr n d<) c{mg t6ng th€. Phucmg phap xfr ly sau thuong dtrqc sfr d mg
trong dfirn lien t\Ic, tuc la sau khi ghep n6i thanh ma tr{m d<) cfrng t6ng th m&i ap ditu kii;n
bien, plnrong phap nay duqc g9i la phmmg phap xfr ly sau.
Vfui l§y dfi.m lien tl)c ba nhip hinh 3.4 lam vi d\l d6 giai th.ich ap di u ki9n bicn nhu th
nao. 06i v&i d m lien t',[c nay da thi6t l p bi0u thfrc phLrong trinh ma tr?n d(> cCmg t6ng th
32
nhung do d u ben phai la ngam nen 04 phai bing O, vi v y d.n phai di u chinh phuong tlinh
ma tr n de} cimg t6ng th€. D xay dµng phmmg trinh ma tr n d<} cung c6 04 = 0, biJu thuc
phuong trinh ma tr n de) cl'.mg t6ng th di€u chinh l i nhu du6i day:

4i, . ..i ,
') .
0 0 7[011 [ M, 1
4i, + 4i2 0
[ K]= 2i1
4i2 +
i = i J\121{
2i2
(3.8) 021
0 1031 I A/31
0 2i2
4(,
0 0 0 1J l 04 J l o J
Tt'r bi u thuc tren c6 th@ thfty r ng phuong phap lam C\l thJ ap di u ki n bien chinh la
diSu chinh ma tr n di) cung t6ng thJ hay la i vi tri tucmg ung v&i ngam tren duang cheo
chlnh chinh sua l i b&ng 1, thanh ph n kha.c ci'ia hang va c9t tuang frng chuy6n thanh 0, tai
ln;mg tmmg t'.rng cting chuy n thanh 0.

3.1.5. Xfr lf tai trqng ngoai nut

Tai tr<;mg tac di,mg len dAm lien t\lC la bftt ky, c6 th la tai tr<,mg nut cung c6 thS la tai
tr9ng ngoai nut. NSu la tai tr9ng tac di,mg vao nut thi tinh toan theo phuang phap a tren, nSu
tai tr9ng tac di.mg ngoai nllt thl d.n phai chuy@n ct6i thanh tai tn;mg nut tuong ctuang. Du6i
day se trinh bay phuong phap xfr ly tai tn;mg tac dvng ngoai m'.1t.
Hinh 3.5a la m(>t vi d l d.n <.hra tai trc,mg ve nut.

F qi

I l I
(a) Jb1 (D
2 @
d
i .
i
a b
f
l
l {

(Ml1+ Mt.F2) M-F2

Ml' q -
,,.....,J,._
,,.....,.,
(b)
1 CD @ 3
ab I
l l

1 -(Mll+Mf2)
,..-.,.. ,,-.., -M-JF2
-
(c)
1 CD (]) 3
l:l b l
Il

Hinh 3.5. D<im lien ttJC chtu tac d{mg tdi tr9ng ngoai di8m nut

3
 (3.9)

L y mo men u6n i d u c6 dinh ch6ng len ctiJm nut tuang (mg thu dugc phuong trinh
rang bu9c diiSm nut:

(3.10)

l 12

Sau do x6a di cac rang bu◊c cua di6m m'.1t, khoi ph11c l<:!i nguyen tr<,ing kSt c&u, tuong
dtrang v6-i vi c gan mo men ngo;,ti h.rc {F} t;,ti cac diem nut c6 cung gia tri nhtmg nguqc
chi8u nhu bieu thi & hinh 3.5c. {F} duqc g9i la tai tn,mg diem n(tt tuong duang ctta k<?t du
ban dfm:

Fall l
-/v_f_ Fl ·1 /2
[ I I 2 2
{ F} = ii -.AJ;·1-At/"21 = i F;2b + (3 .11)
- -m;
,{ Fl
l qt2
l 12
o phuo-ng phap co- hoc k6t
Tinh toan mo men dftu ngam cua cac phfrn tfr co thJ giai cAu
the
ho c xem cac tai li u co lien quan.

3.1.6. l\tlo men u6n ddu phftn tfr thanh

men u6n d u cua cac ph n tLr
Dim lien t1,1c chiu tac d mg CLLa tai trc;mg thong thuong,
mo u thanh dJn den m6 men u6n
thanh duqc t o thanh tu hai ph n, m9t ph§n la ttr chuy€n vi d [in tCr sinh mo men u6n
dfiu thanh; m◊t phfin la ttr tai twng ngoai n(tt tac d mg tren phdfiu
ngam. C(mg hai thanh ph n v6-i nhau c6 thS thu <luge mo d u ph n t1:r thanh:
men
34
 3.1.7. Vi dl_l b ng s6
Mot dAm lien tl,lc ba nhip c6 kfch thu&c va chiu tai trc_mg nhu hinh 3.6. :Mo dun dan
h6i cua v t li u dim E = 2,6xl07kN/m2• Dim ti t di?n chfr nh t kich thu&c bxh = 0,3x0,6m
c6 mo men quan tinh I= 0,0054m4. Tinh toan g6c xoay va m6 men u&n i cac vi tri dfiu ph
n tu thanh.

4!5k.N 15kNtm 4!0.k..."\1

!
CD 2
2m4m

ffinh 3.6. SC1 ctJ tinh toan kf!t cilu dJm lien ti_,c

(1) Bll'tk 1: Danh ma s6 di m nut va phfin nr nhu hinh 3.6. B611 di nt nut kf hi u la 1,
2,
3, 4; ba phin tu- ky hi u la CD, @, ®.
(2) Bll'o'l' 2: Tinh ma lr n dt) c(mg c(ia cac ph§n tfr:
4EI 2Ell

[ K ]' = 2!
6
4I =
-6-U
[: !
4EI 2 Ell

=£:[
- -
8 8
[K]2 =
2 EI 4EI
--
8 -8-J
4EI 2£17
8
[Kf E.'[4
-
= 8 =
2EI 4EI 8 2
8 8 LJ
(3) Bll'o'c 3: Xay dvng ma tr n d9 cl'.rng t6ng th0:
0,667 0,333 0 0 7
0,333 1,167 0,25 0
[ K]=EI
0 0,25 0,25
0 0 0,25 0,5 J
(4) Biruc 4: Ap di@u ki n bien:
Do dim lien t1,1c co diu tnii .la ngam nen 01 = 0. Ti6n hanh chinh sua thanh phin hang I
c(>t 1 tuong 1mg v&i 01 trong ma tr n d◊ cung t6ng thJ. Hay thanh phin tren duong cheo

3
chinh sLra thanh 1, thanh ph&n khac b ng 0. Ma tr n u(; ctmg sau chinh sfra la:

36
 l 0 0 ol
[ K] = EI 0 1,167 0,25 0
0 0,25 1 0_,25
0 0 0,25 0,5
(5) B,ruc 5: Tinh toan mo men d5.u ngam va tai tn;mg di@m nut tuong duong:
Tu CO' hQC k@t du c6 thS xac dinh dtrQ'C mo men u6n dfiu ngam cu.a ba phfin tu nhu
dtr&i day:

l'vf1 l r -A1(1
[ At/ I -M Fl - .1,41:211r 40
60 Il
{ F} =
M , Ii
Ii • 3 = -/1!1 3 !•2 -M32F31= Ii
lM4 l -lvtt3 J l-28,125)

(6) Bu·o·c 6: Xac djnh g6c xoay di m nut:

1 o o o 7[01l [ 40 l
0 1,167 0,25 0 'l 02ll _ J 60
El :i ( -
IL
(
0 0,25 1 0,25 1031 , -33,1251
o o 0,25 o,s J l04 l-2s_.12sJ
Giai h phuang trinh tren ta duqc goc xoay t i cac di m nut:
01 = O; 02 = 59,756/El= 0,4256xlO-\
01 = -38,904/EI = -0,211.1x1o-
3
;

04=-36,798'/E/=-0,2621xI0-4 .
(7) B,ruc 7: Xac dinh mo men d&u thanh:

21 0 1 _1+ -4 0 1- -20,07831
4 l 59,756f EI l 20 f- l 59,8435 f
21 59,756}_1 + -so}= -59,8435l
4 L-38,904 El l 80 L 75,4891 j
21 -38,904}_1+ -1 9 , l =} -75,489l l
4 l 19,452 El l 80 l O j

33
3.2. PHAN TU' DA..Vl TRONG PR.\N l\11.El\.1 ANSYS

Trong phfi.n m m ANSYS cung cfi.p kha phong pht'1 cac phfin tir c6 kha nang mo phong
k t du dAm tu phfin tt'r d§m dim h6i 2-D (BEAM3), phftn tu d§m tinh deo 2-D (BEAM23)
den cac phftn tir dAm 3-D 2-n6t (BEAM:4, BEAM188), phJn tt'.r d1m 3-D 3-ni'.Lt (BEAM189).
Ili n nay cac phin tu 2-D duqc ph n m m luu trfr trong kho va chi c6 th 1§.y ra su d\lng
theo cau l nh ho c APDL, trong tlm vi n 1,ra chc_m phfin tu kSt du chi co cac phfi.n nr dfi.m
3-D. Ducri day gicri thi u ba philn tu mo phong dfun lien tl,lc 2-D (BEAM3) va 3-D
(BEAM4, BEAM188).

Bang 3.1. Ph n tu- thmrng dung trong k t du d m lien tvc

LO{li ChiJu Ph{m tu' Hinh d,,uig

2-D BEAM3 - Ph n tu dfim 2 nut

/
K tdu
BEAM4 - Phfi.n tu dfi.m 2 - nut
(nhu phin tu BEAMl 88 (KEYOPT(3) = 3) 7
D
dAm
3-D

BEAM 189 - Phdn nr ddm 3 - n(it

3.2.1. Ph§n tu- dim 2-D BEA.1"13

Phin tfr BEAM3 la phkn tu don gian nhfit trong cac phfrn tu mo phong k t d.u d m, la
ph:ln tu· 2-D c6 kha nang chiu keo, nen va u6n. Ph.in tu BEAM3 c6 hai nut 6 hai dau,
mbi m9t m'it c6 ba b c tµ do trong d6 c6 2 chuyJn vi thilng theo plmang tn;1c X va Y va l
chuy n vi g6c xoay quanh t[\lC Z nhuhinh 3.7.
HEIGHT

T4 @
j "\
T3

L
Y T1

@/Ir2

Hinh 3.7. Ph[m tu' 2-D BEA..M3

3
 Phfin nr BEAN13 c6 d ng thanh th ng duqc dinh vt trong h t9a d9 t6ng the thong qua hai
di m nut I va J. O c 1:rung b1nh h9c m t d.t ngang philn tu BEAM3 dm;rc khai bao thong
qua h ng s6 th\fc g6rn (di n tich, rn6 men quan tinh d6i v&i tn,ic Z, chi6u cao chju u6n, bien
hinh chiu cit, ti 1 bi n d ng ban d§u, kh6i lm;mg tren don vi chi u dai). Tai tn;mg tac d1,mg
len ph:1n tu d m BEAM3 c6 thJ la tai tnmg ap Ive bS m t CD, ®, ®, © va tai tr9ng nhi t
d9 kh6i Tl, T2, T3, T4. Ngoai ra ph n ti'.r BEAM3 co cac d?c tinh d?c bi t nhu (mg suit
cl'.mg h6a, bien d?ng Ian va sinh - ch6t phAn tu.
Dfr li u dftu ra d&i v&i phfin tu BEANf3 bao g6m nhfrng ySu t6 da khai bao va nhfrng
y u t6 din xuit nhuthJ tich, t9a d◊ tn;mg tam ph:111 tu, ung suit theo c:ic phu011g, bi n d?ng
theo cac phuong va noi l\TC (1\TC dQC, hrc dt Va mo men u6n).
- Xufit bi6u cld t'.rng sufit theo cac pbucrng:
GUI: General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add > Xuiit hi n bang Define
Additional Element Table Items > Lab = US_DOCI > By sequence num >LS> LS,1 >
Apply> Lab= US_DOCJ > By sequence num >LS> LS,4 > OK.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > line Element Result > Xu§t hi n bang Plot Line
Element Results> LabI = US_DOCI, LabJ = US_DOCJ> Fact= 1> OK.
COMMAND:
/POST1
ETABLE,US_DOCl,LS,1 !U'ng suat d9c tn,Ic
ETABLE,US_DOCJ,LS,4
PLLS, US_DOCl,US_DOCJ,1
ETABLE,US_Tl,LS.2
!U'ng su t dou6nt;;ii c;;inh +Y cua d m
ETABLE.US_TJ,LS,5
PLLS, US_Tl,US_TJ,1
ETABLE,US_B1,LS,3
!IJ'ng suat do uon t<;1i cc:1nh -Y cua dam
ETABLE,US_BJ,LS,6
PLLS, US_Bl,US_BJ,1
ETABLE,US_MAXl,NMISC,1
!IJ'ng suat l&n nhat ((rng suat dQC + (.mg sual u6n)
ETABLE,US_MAXJ,NMISC,3
PLLS, US_MAXl,US_MAXJ,1
ETABLE,US_MINl,NMISC,2
!IJ'ng suat nh6 nhat ((mg suat dQc - (mg suat uon)
ETABLE,US_MINJ,NMISC,4
PLLS, US_MINl,US_MINJ,1
- XuJt bi0u d6 bi6n d?ng theo cac phucrng:
ETABLE,BD_DOCI, LEPEL,1 !Bien dl;lng dan h6i d9c true &
cuoi ETABLE,BD_DOCJ, LEPEL,4
PLLS, BD_DOCl,BD_DOCJ,1
ETABLE,BD_TI, LEPEL,2
!Bi n di;lng dan h6i uon li;li Ci;lnh + Y cOa d m
ETABLE,BD_TJ, LEPEL,5
PLLS, BD_Tl,BD_TJ,1

35
 ETABLE.BD_BI. LEPEL,3 !Bi n dc;1ng clan h6i u6n t,;1i c,;1nh +Y cua dc\m
ETABLE.BD_BJ, LEPEL,6
PLLS, BD_Bl,BD_BJ,1

+Y (5)
X (4)

-Y (3)

fflnlr 3.8.1vfa xudt 11-ng such bi8n dt;mgphdn tii·BEA1\13

- Xufit biSu d6 n<)i Ive theo cac phucmg:

ETABLE.Nl,SMISC,1 !Ll,l'CdQc
ETABLE,NJ,SMISC,7
PLLS, Nl,NJ,1
ETABLE,Ql,SMISC,2
!Ll)'Ccat
ETABLE,QJ,SMISC,8
PLLS, Ql,QJ,1
ETABLE.Ml,SMISC,6
!Mo men u6n
ETABLE,MJ,SMISC,12
PLLS, Ml,MJ,-1

y (8)
X (7)

Hi.nh 3.9. A-fa xudt n(}i [lfC phdn tz.f BEA}vf3

3.2.2. Phftn Ur dim 3-D BEAl\,14

Phfrn rn· BEAlvI4 la phfrn tfr m◊t t11,1c dan h6i 3-D c6 kha nang chiu keo, nen, xo n va u6n.
Phfui tu co hai nut 6 hai dfiu, mf>i nut co 6 b c t\f do trong d6 c6 3 djch chuy n thfing va 3
dich chuy n xoay. D c tnmg hinh h9c m t cit ngang phftn tu BEM14 dugc khai baa thong
qua h:lng s6 thvc g6m (di?n tich, mo men quan tinh d6i v&i t11,1c Z, mo men quan tinh d6i

3
v&i tn)c Y, chiSu cao ch!u u6n d6i v&i t11,1c Z, chiSu cao ch.j.u u6n d6i v&i tr9c Y, g6c dinh
hmmg ph n tfr, ti 1 bi n d mg ban d u, m6menxoin, h1ng s6 bi n d;,'lng dt d6i v6i lq1c
Z, h ng s6 bi n d,,mg c:it d6i v6i tr\lc Y, kh6i luqng tren dan vi chi€u dai). Tai trQng
tic d\lng len ph§.n tu d m BE/\M4 c6 the la tai tr9ng ap h,rc be m it CD, , CTl, ©, © va
tai tr911g nhi t d9 kh6i Tl~ T8. Ngoai ra phfin tu BEAM4 c6 cac d c tinh d c bi t nhu
ung sufrt drng h6a,
bien d,.mg Ion va sinh - chBt ph§n tfr.
Du lieu J1u ra d6i v&i ph n tfr BEA1vI4 bao g6m nhfrng yeu t6 da khai bao va nhC'mg
y€u t6 v h.lnh h9c, {mg suflt theo cac phuang, bi6n d g theo cac plmang va n<}i Ive (h,rc
d9c, h,rc dt va mo men u6n). Bang 3.2 thS hi n ma xu t ung su t. bi n d,,mg va n<)i h,rc cua
phfrn
tuBEAM4.

Bang 3.2. Ma xuit n(li ll}'C, rrng suit va bi n d;rng ciia phftn tfr BEAM4

Nut
Ten g9i Giai thich .Mii
I J

SDIR Lfng sufit doc tn,1c LS 1 6

SRYT Ung su t dou6n i qmh +Y cua d§m LS
,,
.:.. 7
SBYB Ung suit doubn t i qmh-Ycua d m LS 3 8

SBZT Ung sufit do ubn t i c nh +Z cu.a d m LS 4 9

SBZB l.J°ng su l do u6n tl:liqmh -Zcuadim LS 5 10

EPELDIR Bi n ng danh6i d9c t17,1c 6 cubi LEPEL l 6
EPELBYT Bi n d.;mg dan h6i u6n ti,ii c.,mh + Y cua d.im LEPEL 2 7
-

FPELBYB Bj n ("4lng clan h(>i ll6n t l ; l qi mh -Y cua dim LEPEL "_ 8

,
EPELBZT Bi n ng danh6i u6n t i c:,mh -1-z cua d m LEPEL 4 9

EPELBZB u :. ' ,;, ;.

Bi n cb,lng dan h6i u6n ti,ii C?llh -Z cua d5m LEPEL 5 10

Sl'vIAX ng sual km nhat (ung suat dc;,c + ung suaJ . . t uoi. n) NMJSC l 3
,.,
SMfN lfog su t nho nb h ((mg suftt d9c - frng suAt u6n) NMISC .£., 4

MFORX Lgc trong phfin tu theo phuang t:11,1c X SMISC 1 7

MFORY Lvc crong phftn tfr theo phucmg twc Y S:!v(JSC

,,.,, 8

MFORZ Ll,l'c trong ph n tir theo phuong tn,ic Z SMISC - _, 9

MMOMX Mo men trong phfin tfr theo pbu011g tf\,lc X SMJSC 4 10
- -
MMOMY Mo men tTong phfu1 Li'.r Lheo phuang tn,1.c Y SMISC 5 1l

37
 MMOMZ Mo men trong phfin tir theo phuong tf\,lc Z SMJSC 6 12

3
 3.2.3. Phfin tfr dim 3-D BEA.M188
z
Ph§.n tir BEAMI88 la phin tfr dim 3-D -CD K
2 nut tuy!n tinh, b c hai ho c b c ba va
thich hqp cho phan tich k t cAu d m manh
t6i d◊ day vira phai. Phlin tu nay dµa tren '
ly thuyet d m Timoshenko bao g6m ca
hi u ung bi n d ng dt. Pbftn tu cung cAp
(3)
tuy Ch()n khong rang bu(k cong venh va
rang bu◊c cong venh cua mi:1t c t ngang. mn31h.0. Phtin t11: 3-D
BEAAJ,J88
Phftn tu dfirn BEAMl 88 co 6 b c t1J do 6 m6i nut bao g6m 3 djch chuy n thing va 3
chuy6n dich xoay. 0◊ t\,l' do thu 7 la tuy chc.m (d◊ cong venh). Phin tu c6 thJ h6 trq cho
phan tich v t li u dan h6i, deo, tu biSn va cac mo hinh v t li u phi ruy n khac. Ngoai ra cho
phep gan kh6i lu()Tig tang them, gan kh6i lmmg va tii tn;mg tang them do thuy d◊ng va tai
tn;mg d y n6i.
Ph n tt'.r BEAM188 co <l mg thanh thing duqc dinh vi trong h? t(,)a d(> t6ng th8 thong
c.1ua hai diem nut T va J. Ngoai ra con co nut K de xac djnh hmrng ciia phin tu. M{it cit
ngang ci,a ph n tl'.r dLTQ'C c.1jnh nghia thong qua vi?c l rn ch9n lo i rn t c t va kich thLrac
ho?c m?t ciit do ngub1 dung n;r dinh nghia. Tai tr9ng tac dl)ng len phfrn tfr diim BEAM188
co th la tai
tn,mg ap li,rc be m t <D, ®, @, ®, ® va tai trc,mg nhi?t d◊ khCi. Ngoai ra ph n tfr BEAM188
cung c6 cac d.;ic tinh d{ic bi t nhu bi n d ng l&n, biSn h1nh Ian va sinh - ch t phfin tu...
Dfr li u d u ra d6i vai ph n tl'.r BEAM188 bao g6m nhi:rng y6u t6 da khai bao va nhC'rng
y u tb v hinh h9c, {mg st.cit theo cac phuong, bi n d ng theo cic phu011g vi n9i lµc (hJc
d9c, Ive cit va mo rnen u6n). Bang 3.3 thJ hi n rna xu t ru)i l\TC, 1mg suM va bi n d ng ctrn
phiin tir BEAM188.

Bang 3.3. l\ila xuit m}i ll}'c, m1g suit va bi n dfn cu.a plu1n tfr BEAl\-1188
Nut
Ten g()i Giiii thich ,Uii
I J
Fx Ll!C d 1c tn,.1c SMJSC 1 14
My Mo men uAn d6i voi 11"\l-Cy SMTSC 2 15
Mz Mo men u6n d6i v&i 11"\lc Z SMISC 3 16
TQ Mo men xoful d6i v6'i tn,Ic X
-
SMISC
--
4 17
Ex Bi<?n d ng d9ctr\lC SMISC 7 20
TE Bien da. n0u xo n SMISC 10 23
'. /...
SDIR U ng sua t d«;1c trvc SMISC 31 36

39
 Bang 3.3 (tiJp theo)
Nut
Tengri Giai thich 1'1ii
1 J
SByT lfog suAt do u6n f:l:lqi mh +Ycuad m SMTSC 32 37
SByB (fog s1.ifit do u6n i qi.nh - Y cirn dfim SMlSC 33 38
SBzT lfog suAt do u6n f:l:li qmh +Z cu.a clfim SMISC 34 39
SBzB Ung su§t do u6n j qmh -Z cua dim SMISC 35 40
EPELDIR BiJn da. ntu, <l.oc Lr•uc a cu6i SMISC 41 46
EPELByT BiJn d ng dan h6i u6n t;,1i qmh + Y cu.a dfim SMISC 42 47
EPELByB Bi6n da. nut , ctan h6i ubn ta. i ca. nh -Y d1a d m SMISC 43 48
EPELBzT BiJn d ng dan h6i u6n t.,li C.,!nh +Z cua d.im SMlSC 44 49
EPELBzB B1'4cn cl mg da' n hA0 1• uoJ..n t 1• qm h -Z., cua SMISC 45 50
d·Aam

3.3. PHAN TiCH DAl\-1 LIEN TVC TRONG PHAN J\,IE 'I Al SYS

3.3.1. l\'Iieu ta bai toan

M<)t d m lien n,1c ba nhip c6 kich thu&c va chiu t:ii tn;mg nhu hinh 3.6. :Mo dtm dim
h6i cua v t h u E = 2,6x I 07kN/m2, h s6 Poissonµ = 0,3, kh6i lm;mg rieng p = 2,5T/m3. D
m tiJt di n chfr nh(it kich thu-6c bxh = 0,3x0,6m. Tinh to.in chuyJn viva n<)i !\re trong
dim.
Lu-uy:
- Su d1.:mg phfin tu dfrm 2-D BEAM3
- Su d1=1ng phuung thuc GUI va tham s6 APDL

.F1=45kN q=15kN/m F2=J,0kN

t 1 J li

:
=2uj,
I
Nn f 3
81!.ll
L2=8m

Innh 3.6.s(f &1 tinh Loan kdt uiu dcim lien f1:'C
3.3.2. Thvc hi n bai toan theo phrro-ng thrrc CUT

3.3.l.1. Khiii tl{jng ANSYS

3.3.2.2. Dij,t ten bai toan

Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname >DAMLTENTUC
3.3.2.3. Dij,t tieu di bai totin
Utility Menu> File> Change Title >TINH TOAN NOJ LUC DAM LIEN TUC BA NHIP
4
 3.3.2.4. Djnh 111:hia p/10.n tir va lui111: sJ th{rc
D6i v6i phAn m€m ANSYS Vl 6, trong thu m1,1c h,ra chon phAn tu: dim khong c6 s n ph
n tu BEAM3, n6 duqc luu trfr trong kho. Vi v y dtn nh p l nh trong cfra s6 COMMAND
(hinh 3.7) de gQi phAn tu nay va khai bao hiing s6 th\TC cho phAn tu.
/PREP7
ET,1,BEAM3
R,1,0.18,0.0054,0.6

Toolt-ar

sAvc oolRcsur.i ooj aui,IP0'1"IRGRP11!

M_a_m_Mc_nu ,:;: -'A ,
□Preferences ..::. 1'W<s ANSYS
" Preprocnsor R16,.0
Solution
JlGer,erel Postpmc
3 TimeHislPostprc)
3 ROM Tool
3 Prob Design
3 RadiationOpt
l:lil SHsion
Editor 1::1 Fini$h

ffinh 3.7. Cira s& nhJp ciiu linh

3.3.2.5. Djnh nghia v t li?u

Main Jv1enu > Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models> Structural> Linear>
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.6E7> PRXY = 0.2 > OK. Ti p t\JC thl)'c hi¢n Strnctural >
Density> DENS = 0> OK> Dong cua s6.

I\ L11'<:fl l:.d,vp'-:).-•pt:Jj,. fu.rA:l.,.,i,JIo.smLta:11 .'.{ I\ Dcn'iity.:o,.'v1:tcri.1I \Jumbcr1

ffinh 3.8. Ol·a sJ kliai biw thwk tinh V(ll li<Ju
Linear lwtropic Mat.;rial Propenies for MatenanNumber 1
mo hinlr. hinh hpc
Dc ir; for Matcrir-d Number 1
3.3.2.6. Xay d{rng 11
H
TP.ITp rn:,JrP.s.
IPIT flEnlllt'PC: I
- T oEXdiem d c12.eEtnrng: Main Nfenu > Preprocessor> Modeling > Create > Keypoints > In
oms ji
l'rTh.'Y
Active CS> Trnng
7

DI cua s6 Create Keypoints in Active CS (hlnh 3.9) > Lfin lu9t nh p cac gia
tri NPT = 1, X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0 > Apply> Tum1g n,r nh p cac di m tir 2 d n 6 cho 6-
bang AadTeffil)era1ur,e Deleie-emperature Gr3phI AddlT,emp,ernturel Oeleie Temperntur,eI

dtr6i day: I :.a1 I lleo I[

OK Can: Helo

41
- -
-
-
- --
y z y
NPT X NPT X z
1 0 0 0 4 14 0 0
2 2 0 0 5 17 0 0
3 6 0 0 6 22 0 0

/j Create: Keypoints in .C.ctive Coordi1ate: System [Kl ::.reirte Keyp:}i'nts i11A1ctive C.c•ordinate System Nl?T Keypoint 1n1Jmber
X,Y,Z Lccati:on il'llact"\le CS

OK f.nnc.-1

Hinh 3.9. Cira sJ l(w die"m tron h{, tr;a d<)1J,w 1hi

KSt qua t o 6 di m trong h t9a do t6ng th cho 6· hinh 3.10.

- T o dm'mg: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> Straight
Line > Dung clm9t nh§n vao hai diem 1 va 2, tuang tl! 2 va 3, 3 va 4, 4 va 5, 5 va 6> OK.
K6t qua cho o hinh 3.11.

ANSYS ANSYS
Rl6.0 Rl6.0

mnh 3.10. T(W Jidm Hinh 3.11. T«a air.ung th5ng

3.3.2.7. Xay d11·ng mo hinh ph611 tir htru
h{J,n
- Dinh nglua kich thu&c phan tu:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Size Cntrls > Manua!Size >Global> Size> Xu t
hifn cua s6 Global El.ement Sizes nhu hinh 3.12>S1ZE = 0.5> OK.
- Chia phfm tir:
Main !vienu >Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh> Lines> Picked all.
Main Menu> Finish.

4
 ft Gl'obai E enrent Si:ces
fESIZEJ C:lo-b-31 aemem si;'.eS and divisi:ins (applies o,nly
to "unsi'ze:f' lines)
SIZE Ek:r.ic111: edge lc gth

I o.'.i
l\lDIV Nu, uf efe·11t:"l ,Jj..,jr,iu:r1>-

- (usoo oinl'.:,,'f elemem edge lengtth. SIZE., isbfa,u: Dr ,ero)

OK Cancel Help,

mnli 3.12. Djnh nghfa kich thu&c phdn tfr

3.3.2.8. Gan iliJu kifn bien va tai trrng

- Gan gia t6c tn:mg tnrcmg: Main Tvfenu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply> Structural
>Inertia> Gravity> Global> ACELY = 10> OK.
- Gan di6u ki¢n bicn g6i dcr:
Utility Menu> PlotCtrls > Numbe1ing > Ch9n Keypoint numbers
Utility Menu > Plot > Keypoinls
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Stmctural > Displacement >On
Keypoints>Dung chuot ch9n di6m 1 > Apply> Ch911 All DOF, VALUE= 0>Apply > Ti p
ti,1c dung chrn)t ch9n di6rn 3, 4 va 6 >OK> Ch9n UY, VALUE= O>OK.

J,DTITT:t ANSYS p,_ --r ANSYS

POIN Jitr.-1
R16.0 p,;: t--"UJ:! R16.0

," '·
I _ ·. /·
---
/j Appy U,li.OT on i,::

fl.II DOF
:.':(

l c•ra:cncv Le ..:J
It ;.or,s:vd\'.l1Jcttcn:
V/,LJE Dpla<e,,..e'lt·Jclle
C7 _!!J
r ,. r rio

Hillh 3.13. Glm didu kif:n bien

<- -r - ) a,: .,. .,,,

- Gan tai trong tap trung:

Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural >Forcc/Momcnt>On
Keypointc.>Dung chu9t ch9n di@m 2 >Apply> Lab= FY, VALUE= -45>Apply > TiSp tvc
dimg chu()t chon diJm 5 > OK > Lab = FY, VALUE = -40>OK.

43
 P.:.:r: ANSYS
ANSYS
p,1-1 \lN R16.0 Rl6.0

,i ' 1

Lilb C·ircc:ic1:,ff:lrcc:..'mo-n

It C rT.Tln·,, ,_..ttr- .

lt(.*-, ·11.t·nb fth .

\lAlUC roff.e./noner:v1I . , .----')
.J ;iluc
t ...
---/_f'")
l,;:),l_E=c-rc;,lrron- rt•
:_'. j (
..,_ -',. .._
/
.,,/

ffinh 3. I4. Gan ttii tr9ng t(ip trung

- Gan tai tr mg phan b6 nhtp giua <l m:

Utility Menu> Plot> Lines
Utility :tvlenu > PlotCtrls >Numbering> Chem Line numbers
Utility Menu> Select> Entities> Trong cira s6 Select Entities >Lines> By Num/Pick>
From Full > OK> Dung chrn')t h,ra ch(;m dm'mg L3 > OK.
Utility Menu> Select> Entities > Trang cfra s6 Select Entities >Elements>Attachedto
>Lines>Reselect> OK.
Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On Beams>
Picked all >LKEY = l>VALI = 15> OK.

A J\pply PRES c-o 6eam,

.Sl- 1:.AMIJ /!.µply Prt" !.lu:: ( .,.J:SJ 011 b, c,:11l:1 111::1 b.
_KEI' L,ad key
11
VALI Pressure vc·'ue:a: n◊de 11,
"JAIU P:-essur::valL:atnodeJ

(leave blar.kfo, ur-, form,prassare)

4
 Opt ,nalc,ffsru to, pre, o,e l'oad
orr,r Off,.tf»nI wde

IOF,'.T Offsctfrn'l'I I nn<I

_tr-JKAI Ludd ul • t:!Ltrl lt1 rn uf

..:1

:ancel helo

Hinh 3.15. Gan tai t1w1gphan b6 len d m

3.3.2.9. Thiit Uj.p l{fll chvn phiin tich vti tinh toan

Utility Menu> Select> Everything.

Main tvknu >Solution> Solve> Current LS.

45
 3.3.2.10. Kit qua tinh toan
- XuAt bi u d6 lll?i l\rc:
General Postproc > Elcmenl Table > Define Table > Add > Xu t hi9n bang Define
Additional Element Table Items nhu hinh 3.16 > Lab = QI > By sequence num
>S1v//SC>SMISC,2> Apply > Lab = QJ > By sequence mun >SAUSC>S1v1ISC,8> Apply
>Lab= l\U > By sequence num >SA-f/SC>SMISC,6> Apply> Lab= I\1J > By sequence
num >S '\dlSC>SlvIISC,12 > OK.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xuftt hi9n bang Plot Line
Element Results> Labl = QI, LabJ = QJ> Fact= 1> OK, dugc bieu d6 h,rc ciit nhu hlnh
3.17.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xu!t hi n bang Plot Line
Element Results> Labl = ,'vfl, LabJ = ?vf.l> Fact= -1> OK, dm_1c bi u d6 mo men u6n nhu
hinb 3.18.

l.1_a_ir_M _· -1 _ -u -- =:::: !.,A :mc:nt i,1blcUo1:o> ><;----------

IZl Preferences 3 Preprocessor ANSYS
1 Solution Rl6.0
Item
NC:NF OFeNJFrl
:a Gern,ral Po&tproc l"'I Data & File Opts Llll Results Summary l!l Read Re:sults
l!.l Fallure Crlter1a
l!l PictResults rn ListResults E!l Query Results
l"'I Options for Outp
fA'iPR NI E.ff NU fc,r EQVt"r.::ii"i
c.'l ResultsViewer
Eil NodalCales
, , Element Table

l::m,Gemc• Rcsub ::fo:olitem !.,:·a1-·:hc;'"'111I

S.:·.Ji,. ol,u:c NVIS::., LS, U:.111:.L,
S':•ai'"-:re€9 =LE PT=H·---
:rn1r ::rlhc:r
Co•t:act

□ •Mtmt1Mffl LI ·; "',luu
!"l PlolElemTable
c-;J ListElem Table(F,·r By-C:'l.:e:nL•m·, :nw !; u n(!
t'.l Abs Value Optionn:i-.i;iS6::c:onbo: . See-:3ble4.»-3
Sum ol Eac Item
l':I Adg Items
1:1 Multi ly
rll FindMaximum
!"l FindMinimum
., Cv+:--._
.,
Hinh 3.16. Cira s6 dtnh nghia xu.dt khquii pfuin t11·
:.:me 01r...=:: ::: ANSYS l
r.-,T. 1RP.. ANSYS
lU'-l R16.0
':":'LP-:.
Rl'.>.O
,.J.C,,'D1., =1f", =·
1--"L"'-
'..1J ,.;J l!:HJ"
J{]N - :8. 4Ct :,.;-...- -<!i. O.:C,
P..T,r1t-1i
Y.l.'\. :-.61.SH,:
tl.I:M-J;

rnm TO: u:,:r r::r::: D!.14 Lii! r roeW'\ !fi:IP

Hinh 3.17. Bidu dri l tc ciit trong dfi.m Hinh 3.18. Bit2u ttA m6 men w5n trong dlim

4
 - Ki m tra k€t qua g6c xoay:
Utility Menu > Plot > Kcypoints
Utility Nlenu > PlotCtrls >Numbering> Ch9n Keypoint numbers
Utility Menu > Select > Entities > Trong cua s6 Select Entities >Keypoints> By
Num/Pick> From Full> OK> Dung chuot h,ra ch9n diem 1, 3, 4, 6 > OK.
Utility Menu > Select > Entities > Trong cira s6 Select Entities >Nodes>Attachedto
>Keypoints>Reselect > OK.
General Postproc > List Results> Nodal Solution> Xu:lt hi n cira s6 List Nodal Solution
> Chc;m Nodal Solution > DOF Solution> Z-Component of rotation > OK, duqc kJ.t qua g6c
xoay t"1i cac diem nut nhu hinh 3.19.
Ket qua tinh toan chuySn vi g6c xoay t i cac vi tri l, 3, 4, 6 trong hinh 3.19 va k t qua
tfnh toan b ng taychoiJ vi d\l tnl,lC 2.1.7 t i cac vi tri I, 2, 3, 4 xfip xi nhau.
- KiSrn tra kSt qua rn6 men u6n:
Gia trj mo men u6n tinh toan b ng ph§n m m t,:u vi tri 1, 3, 4 trong hinh 3.20 cung x p xi
voi k6t qua tinh toan b ng tay i cac vi tri 1, 2, 3 trong d§m ba nhip.

/\J P NSOL C:,mme-:1d

PR! T ROT NCIDU SOT,IITION PFll HODli

,.._ POSJ1 NODAL DEGREE QF FREEDOl1 LISTING""""'"'""

TH FOLLO IMG DEGREE QF FREEDOM RESULT3 AHE IM lHE GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSIEM
NOD!!non:
1rt.rtA A
6 -0. 42S61E-03
1.4 l:l.2'76'7'7E-ll3
36 0.262Z6E-lil3
MhXTMIIM nR Ol.llfl': Uhl.II»:
NOD6
VALUt - - i bLt- 1

mnh 3.19. Chuy§n vt g6c xoay t(ti cac cli§m nut

Al l'RETAE c,mm11d X
File

PJllNJ ELEl'IENJ fORLE ITEMS PER EI.EMEHI

_,._ POSI1 ELEl'IEHJ InBI.E LISIING ,.

:i'.'JRI l:UHIUiNl CUJ-!llliHT

i,;1,i,;r, Ml M.J
:L -21!1. 82 -8.3<;1<15
i3 -59.83? -]2.l'i91
29 -?5.510 -58.290
1'1INIHUM URLUES
ELl,H29'29'
URLUE -?5.51"-5B .2'HI
l'WIKINUM VALUES
F.1,FN11
URI.Ills-:rn. R-11.:=1'14!'.

, ' .t
ffinh 3.20. Gia trf m6 men u 6n tqi cac phd n tu· qm.h go i

47
 3.3.3. Th\l'C hifn bai toan theo phmrng thirc APDL
FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,DAMLIENTUC
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC DAM LIEN TUC BA NHIP
!Nh$p tham s6 hlnh hqc
A=2 $B=4
$C=3 $0=5
L1=A+B $L2=8
$L3=C+D
BD=0.3 $HD=0.6
!Nh$p tham s6 tai trong
F1=45 $F2=40
$0=15
!Nh$p tham s6 v$t li$u
E=2.6E7 $M=0.2
$G=2.5 !Nh$p gia trio khi khong ki d n trong lu'Q'ng ban than d m
/PREP7
ET,1,BEAM3 !Phan tu•dam 2-D
□
R,1,BD*HD,BD*HD•H *HD/12,HD !Hang s6 phan tu
MP,EX,1,E !0inh nghia vc)lt li$u
MP,PRXY,1,M $MP,DENS,1,G
K,1,0,0,0 $K,2,A,O,O $K,3,L1,0,0
K,4,L1+L2,0,0 $K,5,L1+L2+C,O,O $K,6,L1+L2+L3,0,0
LSTR,1,2 $LSTR,2,3 $LSTR,3,4
LSTR,4,5 $LSTR,5,6
ESIZE,0.5 $LMESH.ALL
FINISH
/SOLU
ACEL,O,10,0 !Gia t6c tr9ng tmang
DK,1,ALL,O !0iflu ki(in bien dau
DK,3,UY,O ngam

DK,4,UY,O !Goi do di dong

$DK,6,UY,O
FK,2,FY,-F1
!Gan ll,l'c ti;lp trung t9i diem
FK,5,FY,-F2
LSEL,S,.,3
!Gan ll,l'c phan b6 len dam
ESLL,R
SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,Q
ALLSEL
$SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
ETABLE,Ql,SMISC,2
!0inh nghia xuat nqi ll,l'c phan tll'
ETABLE,QJ,SMISC,8

4
ETABLE,Ml,SMISC,6
ETABLE,MJ,SMISC,12
PLLS,Ql,QJ,1,0,0 !Ve bieu do h,rc cat
PLLS,Ml,MJ,-1,0,0 !Ve bieu c16 mo men u6n
KSEL,S,,,1 $KSEL,A.,,3
KSEL,A,,,4 $KSEL,A,,,6
NSLK,R
PRNSOL,ROT,Z !Xuiit bang chuyen vj g6c xoay tc;1i cac vj trf g6i
ALLSEL
ESEL,S,,,1 $ESEL,A,,,13
ESEL,A,,,29
PRETAB,Ml,MJ !Xu§t bang mo men tc;1i cac ph§n tll' cc;1nh vj tri g6i
ALLSEL
FINISH

49
 Clurung4

PHAN TICH KET CAU DAN

,.. , J:

4.1. PHA."-1 TiCH KET cAu DAN PHANG THEO PHlJ°CTNG PHAP PIL<\N TD'Hifu H N
4.1.1. Roi r c boa k t ciu
Cung gi6ng nhu dtm hen t\}c a Chum,g 3 vi c rc':ri r c h6a kSt cfiu ho c chia phin tu:
cilng kha don gian. C6 th6 coi m6i m9t thanh dan xcm la m<)t ph n tt'.r, ciic thanh dugc
n6i v6i nhau c.hmg kh6p, moi mOt kh6p nhtr la mOt diem nut CLLa mo hinh phfui tfr hfru
h;;tn. Trong hinh 4.1 ma nut la ky hieu la 1, 2, 3, 4; ma phfrn ru ky hi u la
CD,@,®,®,®,®.

Hinh 4.1.1\1ii mtt, ma phdn tir cu.a dim phdng

4.1.2. Phan tfch d c tinh ph n tfr

Phan tich d c tinh ph§.n tu chfnh la xay d1,rng ma tr n do
cung phin nr. Hinh 4.2 th hi
n m9t pb,ln tu di n binh cu.a dan phfing. Trong ph n tu, ma nut d u phfin tu ky hi u la i,
ma nfrt cubi ph&n tt'.rky hi u laj, phuong <l9c trl,lc thanh la tr\tc x, xoay tri.1c x nguqc
chi8u kim
d6ng h6 90° la trvc y, x1y t(,lo thanh h t9a dQ ph;ln tir.

Trong h? t9a de) biSu thi & hinh 4.2, cac nl'.1t cirn phin tu·dan phing c6 m9t 1\rc d9c la Fe,
ca.c diem rn'.Jt co Irn?t vec to chuy6n vi, hay chuyen vi ue d<;>c theo plmcmg tf\]C x
(phucrng tt"\lC thanh). Vee ta hrc d u thanh va vec to chuySn vi dftu thanh trong h t9a de)
5
hlnh 4.2 cho a bi@u thfrc du&i day:

51
 (4.1)

Hinh 4.2. Phlln 11:r didn hinh c11a kdt ctiu dim ph&ng

PhuO'ng cua h,rc d u thanh va chuySn vi diu thanh d u quy djnh cung chi u v&i chi u
<lmmg Cl!a h t9a dt) la <luong, nguqc chi6u la am.
Trong h? t9a d(> phftn tu, h,rc dfi.u thanh tmmg ung v&i chuySn vi df:i.u ph§.n tu thanh ii/'
= I va uJ = l l n lugl duqc biCu thj trong hinh 4.3a va 4.3b. ChiCu dai phin t(r la 1, <liOn
tich m?t dt ngang la.A, rn6 dun Lian h6i cirn v t li u La E.

----
.
-
----- ----- -
r1 u;- 1
X y
-1 8 X
-
;

®
®
-e E,A,I -e EA E,A, I
EA -e EA -e EA
F =- F ,,_ F, =- F- =-
I I J / l I /

a) b)

Hinh 4.3. Chuytn vi va hcc dpc ildu phdn tzc thanh tmng hi tpa l7() phdn tic

Tir hinh 4.3 c6 th€ th§y r ng, khi hai d§u phin tu d6ng thoi sinh chuy n vi diu thanh ut
1
va u bfit ky, dt_ra vao nguyen I)' c(mg tac d\mg co bi u tln'.rc lt_rc dfiu phfin tu thanh la:
-e
1= - u i -- -u
E A -e EA -e l
Fi
1 1 I (4.2)

E_A e EA _el
e
F ; = --l-ui +-z-ui

Cong thuc tren chinh la phuong trinh do cung phin tfr trong h toa do phfrn tfr cua ph n
ttr dan ph[ng. C6 thJ vi€t du&i hinh thfrc ma tr n nhu sau:
EA
l
EA
5
l

53
ho c vi t dongian tbauh:

(4.3)

[-k ]('--
EA EAl
.
I l
rA EA
I -/ u
4.1.3. l\'Ia tr n chuyin d&i tqa d{>, ma tr n dt) cfrng ph§n h'r dmri tqa di) t6ng th@
4.1.3.1. ,.itJa tr{in chuyJn «Ji t()<l dv cua phdn tti· dim phimg
Phan tich phin tl'.r trong phan tich phin tu hCru h<;tn su d1,mg h t9a d9 ph§.n tfr, phan tich
t6ng thJ k t ciu su d1,mg h t9a d◊ t6ng thJ. Phuong cua cac phin tfr trong k t du la khac
nhau, phuO"ng cua h t9a dc;i phfi.n tu cfing khac nhau. Nhu v y su dt,mg Ive d5.u nut phfin
tir thanh va chuy n vi d§u ni.'1t phfui tir thanh trong h t9a ti(} phfui tir d xay dvng phucmg
trlnh
d9 cimg t6ng thJ trong h t9a d9 t6ng the thi dn thiJt phai xay d\mg quan h? chuy€n dBi
lvc
d§.u nut ph&n tfr thanh va chuy€n vi d§.u ntlt ph§.n tu thanh trong hai he tQa d6.
y

fflnh 4.4. L{tC afiu n{tt phdn tit thanh cua dim pluing trong hai hi} t9a a9
Hinh 4.4. th hi n 11,Tc dftu nut cua phfrn tu thanh ® dan phiing trong hai h? t9a d9, tu
hinb ve c6 th thfry:

(4.4a)

F; = F;1cosa + F;sina (4.4b)

L&y hai cong thuc tren ghep vao nhau va vi t duai c4ing ma tr n duqc:

F;ll
[
SlnU. 0
0 7 p;l (
J X]
0 sine) i Fe.
1

5
l;,:;J
(4.5)

55
 Cong thfrc (4.5) chinh la. bi u thuc quan h chuyf:o d6i t9a ti<;> cua l\rc ctau nllt phan tfr
thanh, la ma tr 1n 2x4, trong d6 T la ma tr n chuyen d6i t9a d9 phfin ru:
cosa sina O O 7
T =[ I (4.6)
0 0 cosa. sina.J
Bi u thfrc quan h l\rc diu n6t viJt ng n g9nthanh:

(4.7)
B6i v6·i chuy n vi dfru nut phfin nr thanh cung c6 thS thu duqc cong thu:c tuang n,r nhu
dtr6i day:

(4.8)

Bi6u tht'rc { }e va {Ft trong hai cong lhfrc trcn la:

4.1.3.2. ,tla tr n iii) ci'rng t,·ong hj tl}a iii) t{mg th€

Phuong trinh d9 cung phin tfr trong h? t9a d9 t6ng th la: (4.9)

(4.10)

trong do: [KY - biJu thi ma tr n d◊ cung phin tu trong h t<;>a d◊ t6ng th€. N6 c6 th€ suy ra
tir ma tr n d9 cung phfm ti'r trong h t9a d9 phin tfr nhu du&i day:
Nhutren da bi t:

{ Fr =[T]{ Fr
{&}e=[T]{ }e
Thay vao cong thu:c (4.5) tren thu dugc:

[T]{Ft=[fJ[T]{L'lr
{ F}e =[T( [fT[r]{ }e
Luc nay quan h chuy n d6i gifra ma tr n d9 Cl'.rng phftn tu trong hai h t9a d9 duqc vift
nhu du&i day:

(4.11)

5
 Sfr d\mg quan h nay c6 thJ thu duqc ma tr n d9 c(mg phfm ur c11a ca.c lo i hinb thirc
phfin tir kSt cfiu trong h? t9a d9 t6ng thf.
Ma tr n de) c(mg ph n tu c6 tinh chit nhu du6i day:

- (k r ho?c [K]e la m(,t ma tr n dfii x(mg. Ma lr?n dq dmg ph n ti'.r trong h h;,a dq
phftn tLt va trong h? l9a d9 t6ng th d€u la ma tr n d6i xLmg. Vi v y khi xac c.tµih ma tr n d9
Cl'.rng ph§n tu (k r ho c [Kt chi ck tim cac thanh ph&n phia trcn ducmg chco chinh, cac
thanh phAn ben duoi ducmg chco c6 th dva vao quan h9 thfrc sau d& xac di:nh: J = kfi,
e=ke._
I) JI.

- [kt ho c [KY la m()t ma trJn ky <li. Tinh ky <li Gua ma tr n d◊ cLmg phAn tfr la
chi bi u thirc hang cc}t cua ma tr n bAng 0. Tinh chftt nay co thS thu duqc tir ldSm nghi m bi
u thtrc m& n)ng ma tr n de) c(mg ph n tu. Ly do [ ft ho c [Kt la ma tr n ky dj la do
khong c6 bit ky rang buc)c nao hai diu phftn tir, hay n6i chua xern xet diSu ki n bien.
[lcT ho c
[KY la ma trfm ky di vi v y n6 kh6ng t6n t ma tr n nghich dao7 tire la sau khi gan l\fC d&u
thanh khong th tu plmang trinh duy nhftt d thu duqc chuySn vi dfiu thanh, b&i vi chi gan
ll):c bai diu phin tu- khong c6 bit ky rang bu◊c nao, ban than du ki n thanh ngoai sinh bi n
hinh u6n va bi6n hinh d9c tr tc vfui co th6 sinh chuyJn vi kh6i dmg ti:,y y, chuyen vi kh6i
cfrng nay dva vao gan Ive d u thanh la khong thJ giai clm;rc.

4.1.4. Phan ticb t6ng th k t ciu dim

Dung phuong phap ph n tu hfru h n mo hinh chuy n vi phan tich k t ciu dan phing la
lAy chuy&n vi di6m m'.1t k6t du xe.m la. d j luqng ca ban chua bi6t of: tiJn hanh tinh toan.
Bi m nut cua k t cftu dan phing d:8u la nut kh6p, m6i nut c6 hai chuy n vj thing d9c l p v6i
nhau, tfrc la chuySn vi th ng u va v theo phuong t11,1c x va t11,1c y; tlro-ng (mg v6i chuy€n vi
thing di m nut, m6i m9t diSm nllt tac d1,mg hai h,rc t p trung lin luqt la Fx va Fy d9c theo
phucmg t17,1c X va tf\lC y. Trong b t9a d9 t6ng the, quy ll!nh phmmg va chuyen vi n(1t ct)ng
plmcmg tl"\,JC duang h? t9a 09 se mang dfru duang, nguqc l;:ii mang d§u am.:Ma tr n d9
cfrng
phiin tu cua phiin tir thanh dan trong h t9a do t6ng th nhu du&i day:
c2 cs-,-:28-csl
2
s2 -cs s
(4.12)

trong d6:
C - COS a;

57
 s - sm a.

5
 NJu dung {.6.} bi u thivecta chuy n vi diJm nut, {F} biJu thi vec ta h,i·c t p trung, ta co:

U1 1 01

(4.13a)

u,,
lVil Jl 02nJ

Fxl 1 F'_v1
P1F lx2
Fy2
P2
p3
JJ4

(4.13b)

F'_vi P,.,,.

Fxn P2n-l
lF'_wi l P2n
trong d6: i, Fi - l n hr()'t la thanh phin vec ta chuyJn vi di m nut va thanh ph n vec ta l\rc
nut cua diem m'.tt i; i, Fi l n luqt la:

i = l '.} = 2H}'
0
= ;,; } = P2i- (4.14)
l}
l v1 l J2, l y, _ l P21
0@ d xac djnh cac vec to chuySn vi cua di@m nut va vec to tai tn,mg nut, s5.p xJp vi tri
vec to chuy6n vi nllt A va vec to tai tr9ng n(1t F trong k8t dut6ng th8, th6ng nh t quydinh cac
vec to thanh phfin i va F1deu s5p xep theo trinh t\r l n luqt tt'r nho d6n Ion cua ma cti6m
nut.
Nhii;m v11 chu yeu c6a phan tich tf>ng th la. thi6t l p phucrng trinh d9 drng t6ng th cua
kft dlu, dod6 thanh ph.ln cua vec to va cua vec ta F ciing tuan thu nguyen tic tuong ung.
Quan h? chuySn d6i gifra vec ta chuy&n vi nllt t6ng th6 {A} v&i vec ta tai tn;mg nut {F} cua
k€t cAu c6 th6 bi€u tltj nhu du&i day:
59
 (4.15)

6
 Cong thfrc tren la phuong trinh de;, cfrng t6ng th cua k t dudan phAng, [K] trong c6ng
thuc g9i la ma tr n d{> cung t6ng th@ cua kSt du dan ph!ng.
Vec tO' chuyJn vjnllt { } va vec tu lai tn;mg Illll {F} co th8 <l1:tng hinh thi'.rc vec lCY con
th€
hi n hrang t\r, ma tr n de;, ci'.mg t6ng thJ rA.1 ciing c6 th6 theo diJm nut de ti6n hanh phan
kh6i, phuang t1inh d9 ci'.rng t6ng thJ c6 th vi6t theo hinh thuc phan kh6i nhu duoi day:

Fil K11 K12 Kli Kinl ..11 l

F2 K21 K,,.._,, K,-l, K211 .d,..:.,
J. l- - J. l
(4.16)
r- Kn K-i -.., Kii Kin
-
4 (
F;

lFn/I K111 Kn2 Kni K,mLJ l ..1"

trong d6: n - t6ng s6 di@m nut cua dan. Trong hinh thuc phan kh6i cua ma tr?n d◊ ci:rng t6ng
th , m6i 1119t kh6i con d@u la ma tr n 2x2. Vi trf kh6i con tren ducmg cheo chinh [K,J g9i la
kh6i con chinh, cac kh6i khac g9i la kh6i con ph\l, m9t kh6i con [K;i] bat ky biJu thj ma tr n
chuy n d6i giua vec ta h;c nut thanh phful {Fi} vai vec tcr chuySn vi nut thanh phfu1{t.j}-
Du6·i day thao lu n phuong phap ghep n6i ma tr n d9 cfrng t6ng th€, 11.hi m V\t chinh
cua
phan tich t6ng th€ d6i v&i k€t c u la xay d\1-ng ma tr n do cung t6ng th , xay d\l11g ma tr n
d<) c(rng t6ng th2 cu thG sir <l1,mg phmmg phap ghep n6i u<) c(mg, tuc la ti'.r ma tr n u<)
drng ph n ti'.r trvc tiJp ghep n6i thanh ma lT n d(> dmg t6ng thJ. Phuong phap ghep n&i
d(; dmg c6 th phan tha.nh hai bu&c: dAu ticn tim ma tr
n clo cfrng ph n tu cua m6i mot phful tu va
mo r(lng ma tr n, ti p theo c9ng tac dvng cac ma tr .n ma r9ng cua cac phfin tu se thu
dm;rc
ma tr n do CU'ng t&ng th .
4.1.5. Xfr I)' di u ldfn bien

Do khi xay d\mg phuong trinh d9 cirng t6ng thJ chua xern xet di 11 ki n rang brn)c, kh6ng
th giai chuy n vi. Vi v y dS giai chuy n V! nut d.n phai ap cti u ki n bien, tii u chinh
phuang trlnh d{> cung tbng th@. Phuong phap di uchinh cv. th nhu du&i day:

(I) Khi chuyi11 vj gJi blfog 0, sri' di.mg phll'm1g phap "chinh 1 phl,l W'. Thanh ph§n
chuy6n vj thu r trong vcc to clrny6n vj nt'It b5.ng O (c'>:. = 0), dn ti<3n ha.nh di6u chinh
phuang trinh can b ng tht'.r r trong plmcmg trinh d(> cung t6ng th , hiela l y thanh ph5n hang r
c(>t r tren auang cheo cbinh trong ma tr?n dQ cung t6ng thS thay b ng 1, cac thanh phfu1
khac thay bling 0, thanh ph n thu r trong vec ta tai tn;mg diSm nut tu:ong ung cung thay
bling 0, C\l th :

/'/' =1

* 61
 K,.s = K9,. = 0( s r)
r (4.17)

Pr= 0

6
 Sau khi di u chlnh, phuong trinh can b.Ing th(r r tuc la or= 0, nhu V?Y da ap di€u ki n
rang bu()c J, = 0.

(2) lVJu chuyJn vj gbi la ilii biJt thi sir dl)ng phu-O'llg pltap nhlin sa lo1t
Khi chuySn vj thu r trong vec ta chuySn vj nut la rn9t gia trj c, me 1a ('>r = c thi C ll ti n
hanh di u chinh phuong trinh can bfing tht'r r, thanh phfin tren duong cheo chinh trong ma
tr?n d9 cfrng t6ng the thay b ng G.Krr, thanh ph n tht'r r trong vec ta tai tn;mg di m nllt
tt.wng i'.rng thay b ng c.G.K1r, hay la:
K,r G.Krr [
Pr c.G.Kr-r f (4.18)

trong d6: G - mot s6 rit 1611, thong thuong l y G = 108 ~ 1010• Sau khi chinh sua nhu tren
phuong trinh can bing thu r tro· thanh:
(4.19a)
ve ben trai Ctla phuong trinb do nhan mot s6 G r t 16n, cac s6 khac tuong d6i nho nen c6
thS b6 qua, vi v y cong thuc tren c6 th vi t thanh:
(4.19b)

tuc la ( - = C.
Nhu v y da ap di u ki n bien chuybn Vt Or = C da bi t. cAn phai chi ra dng thanh ph!n
chuy n vi u; va v; cua di m nuti naod6 dSu la c.huyJn vj trong h t<;>a d9 t6ng th . Kh.i ap
diSu ki n g6i do 6 di@m nut i, phuong cua g6i cAn phai song song v6'i phuoug t11,1c toa d9
t6ng th .
Saukhiapdibu ki n rang bu{k, phuong trinh d(> cung t6ng th hoan toan thoa man di u
ki¢n bien chuySn vj cua diJm nut t i g6i. Luc nay c6 thS l§y phuong trinh do
cung t6ng
th
sau khi chinh sfra g9i la phuong trinh do cung kJt diu, ma tr n do cu11g t6ng thJ sau khi
chinh sua g9i la ma tr n d9 cung k@t cftu. HiSn nhien ma tr n d(> cung kJt dula ma tr n d6i
x(rng khong ky~ di- Giai phucrng t:rinh ma tr n d(> cung k t du c6 thS thu duqc vec ta chuy
n vi Illlt {} chua bi6t cua ket du.

4.1.6. Tinh toan ni)i hrc k t cftu

Sau khi tinh loan ra chuy8n vi n(tl k6t cftu c6 th€ tinh loan nt)i h,rc dta k€t du hay la lt,rc
d9c ph n tu. Lvc doc phin tucuak t ciu dan la do chuy n vi dftu thanh gay ra.
Trong tinh loan chuy@n vi nut cua ket du, d rn vao ma Illll hai dfiu phfin tu c6 th@ dJ
dang thu dugc chuy@n vi phftn ttr tu chuy6n vi n(1t Clla kSt du, sau qua trinh chuy€n d6i t9a
d9 thu dtrqc chuy8n vi ph n t(r trong h t\la de) ph n ttr, dtmg ma tr n de) cfrng phfm tu trong h
t<,>a d9 ph1n tfr nhan v&i chuy2n vi phfrn tu trong h h;>a d9 ph n t!'.r se thu duqc li,rc d9c
phfin tfr.
Cong thuc tinh toan h,rc doc phftn tir nhu du&i day:
63
 {:r =[ t T ]{
(4.20)
{Fr-[iiJ( }"
trung d6:

{ J}e - vec ta chuy n vi ph n tu: trong h tQa do phin nr;

{ Ltt - vec ta chuy n vi ph n tir trong h t9a d9 t6ng th ;

{ F }e - l rc d9c phfin tCr, hay li,rc d u ph ti'.r thanh lrong h¢ t9a d(> phin lfr;

{ [} e - ma tr n d9 dmg phfin nr trong h t9a d9 phfin tfr.

Do h,rc d<;>c phfin tu d u liy lvc keo la dmmg, lvc nen la am, vi v y Ive d9c phfin tt'r Ja:

(4.21)

trong do:
F. - h,rc d9c ctia philn tir thanh dan ph ng.

Tu l rc d9c phan tfr co the Linh toan ra t'.rng suit phin tCr:
l'

a=-
FN
(4.22)
A
trong d6:
a - ung su t phftn
tu;
A - di?n Lich m l dt ngang ci'La phfin tu thanh dan phing.

Du&i day t6ng k2l l.;ti cac bLrCJC tinh loan k2t du dan phAng lheo phuang phap phfin tfr
hfru h n:
Bu:rrc I: Danh ma s6 diJm m'.Jt! ma s6 phcin tu cu.a k t cfm, thiSt l p h t9a d() t6ng thJ va
h¢ t9a d() ph§n ti'.r;

Bu:&c 2: Tinh ma tr n d9cfrng ph1n tu trong h? t9a d9 phfui nr [ft;

Bu:6·c 3: Tinh ma tr n d6 clmg ph&n ttr trong h tc,rn do t6ng th [RJ;
Bu:rrc 4: Dung phuong phap ghep1161 do cfrng xay d\Ing ma tr n d9 cu-ng t6ng th@ [K];
Buac 5: Thi t lftp vec ta ta.i tr9ng nut {F};
Bu&c 6: Gan di u ki¢n bicn, chinh sua plmong trinh d(i cung t6ng tbJ thu duqc plmong
trinh d◊ cung k6t ciu;
Bu'irc 7: Giai phuong trinh d9 ct'.mg k t du duqc chuyJn vi m'.lt chua bi t {il};
Bu6·c 8: Tinh h,rc d9c phftn tu va ung suit phin tu.

6
 4.1.7. Vi dl_l b ng s6

Tinh toan ll,xc d9c trong cac thanh dan phi:ing cho 6 hlnh ve 4.5a. Cho bi6t cac tbanh lam
c11ng lo i v t li?u va c11ng tiJt di n hayEA c11a cac thanh 1a h ng s6.

120kN

' 20kN 0 4

E E
l!) l{)
II II
...J

0
...J

L -Sm
I· -1
a) b)

ffinl, 4.5. So- cJ{j tinh toan k§t cdu dan phdng

4.1.7.1. Danh mii sJ dii111 nut vaphfm «r

Banh ma s6 di m nutva phln tu trong h? t9a d9 t&ng thS xJ y cho 6 hinJ1 4.5b.

4.1.7.2. Tinh toan ma tr9n ttr cirng phfin flr trong hf ttJa d phfm til'

[kJ1 [k]' [kJ' [k]' :A[I 1

[k]' [k]" :Ji[ I I

4.1.7.3. Tinh matr(in ii cwrg phfi11 til' trong hj t{)a ilp t611g thi

h9 t9a 09 t6ng the xoay den trvc x. cua hi; t9a

- Ph n tir <D va phfui ti'r ®: do u1a1c x cirn
d9 phfin tti: m()t g6c ngugc chi u kimd6ng h6 a = 1d2 nen ma tr n chuyJn d6i h? t9a d()
phfin tt'.r la:

sino., 0
o l [o o ol
0 cosa sinaJI ::::O O O lJI

65
 Ma ti- n 09 cung cua pMn tir <D va phan tir ® trong h t9a 09 t6ng thS la:
00001
[xJ1 =[ rt[k r]1 = [k' 2i11 k 2.ll= EAo I o-1
J k 2U L OOO0
0-10 1 J
3 T[-7 [kl .4=17
3
k,_
1 0 0 0 0
EA O l 0-1
7

[K] =[T]3 k [T]3= ki ki4LJ L 0000

0-10 1 J
- Phfm tir (1) va phan tu®: a= 0
[TJ2=[r], =[ co;a
sino. 0
0 7 [I O O Ol
0 coso. s i n o=. 0 0 1 0
1 0-107
ki237= EA OOO0
kf3L J L -IO1 0
1

0 0 0 OJ
1 0-107
ki =7 EA O O O 0
k ! LJ L
41 -IO1 0
0 0 0 OJ
- Ph n tfr : a= 3n/4
sina 0 0 7 2[- 1 1 0 0 7
0 COSO, sina = 2 0 0 -1 1
1-1-111

- Phftn ti'.r ®:a= 1d4

[T] =[co;a sina 0 o 7 2[11 o ol
6
0 cosa sino=: 2 0 0 1 1
1 1 -t-17
6
[KJ6=[r{[kJ6[r]_=[k,6, k1 4 1 7 2= EA 1 l -1-1
6 6
kJ kJ4 LJ 4L -1-1 1 1
-1-1 1 1J
1

6
 4.1.7.4. Dung phu'llng phap ghep ,uii ilp cimg xay dl,;1'11g ma trfjn d{j cimg tiJng thi

+kt1
I +k;16
?
kl
12 k1-3? k6
14
ku
[K] = k kl , k4 +ks k· 42 4
·2 22' 22 22 f
,.:!._'I

l
1
ki1 kj2 2 + k333
-
J k{4
k +kf
kJ1 k:2 k
'.\
kl4 + k:4 + k J
1,35 0,35 0 0 -1 0 -0,35 -0,357
0,35 1.35 0 -1 0 0 -0,35 -0,35
0 0 1,35 -0,35 -0,35 0,35 -1 0
[ K =] EA 0 -1 -0.35 1,35 0,35 -0,35 0 0
L -l 0 -0,35 0,35 1,35 -0,35 0 0
0 0 0,35 -0,35 -0,35 1,35 0 -1
-0.35 -0.35 -1 0 0 0 1.35 1.35
-0,35 -0,35 0 0 0 -1 0,35 1,35 LJ
4.1.7.5. Thih lfj,p vec tu tai trvng nut
{ F} =[0 0 0 0 0 0 20 -2of

4.1.7.6. Gan iliJ.u kifn bien, chlnh su·a ma trijn il(j ckng
K@t du dan hinh 4.5 co hai g6i c6 dtnh t i diSm nut 1 va 2 vi v y U1 = V1 = U2 = V2 = 0.
Phuong trinh ma tr n d(; c{mg dmg th6 sau khi chinh sfra nhu du&i day:
1000 0 0 0 0 7 U1 l O 7
0100 0 0 0 0 VI 0
0010 0 0 0 0 U2 0

EA 0001 0 0 0 0 0
-
L 0000
i V2U, =
1,35 -0,35 0 0 -' 0
0000 -0,35 1,35 0 -1 \!, 0
0000 0 0 1,35 0,35 U4 20
0000 0 -1 0,35 1,35U l v4 -20LJ

4.1.7.7. Giai plul'<1ng trinh

Giai phucmg trinh tren thu dugc chuy@n vj di m nut {!1}:
,u1 l ol
VI 0
0

-43,00
28,85
l-54,15
67
 4.1.7.8. Tinh loan n{}i l!fc thtmh dim

Tu vec ta chuy n vi diSm nut {c.} xac djn h duqc chuySn vj dfru thanh cu.a phftn tu (?):

0 7
O =EA[ll,15 -11.15{
-11,15 L
-43,00J
Tuong h_r d6i v&i cac phin nr khac:

{F} 6=[Fi F11l u=r EA[l -1172 [l 1 0 oil

L -1 1 '.l 2. 0 0 1 1 J
0 7
O = EA[l2 65 -12,65(
28,85 L '
-54,lSJ

{ F}5 =
F;Y= EA [ 1 -Il 2[-1 1 0 01
-LJ L.J2 -1 1 - 2. 0 0-
1 llJ
-11,157
-43,00
= ..r..:':A:_[- 1 5 15,925]7'
925

-lr
0 L ,

{ -r [-
F
0
=
J
F: Y= EA[I 0 0 01
4
F 2
LJ L -1 1 0 0 1 0
0 7
6
 O = EA[-28,85 28,85]7'
28,85 L
-54,lSJ

69
 {F}3=[F -r=4'uY ---EA[I -17[°1 0 01
L -I 1 0 0 0 1
-11,157
-43,00
::::EA[lll5 -ll,15f

I-
28,85 L ,
-54.l SJ

{-F)f2 -F22L7J " =- I 0 ol

=[-F21 EA[

L
Ir
-1 1 0 0 1
0
ol
0= EA[O 0]7'
0 L
OJ

4.2. PHAN TiCH KET cAu DAN KHONG GIAN THEO PHtT'O'NG PHAP PTHH

Trong thvc t cong trinh thuang g p rAt nhi6u dim kbong gian nhung khong th6 dua v
cac dan phfmg dJ tinh toan, b t bu(k phai tinh toan theo k t cAu kh6ng gian. Do die thanh
lam vi?c trong khong gian ba chi6u, di€m nut chua bi6t cung nhi8u nen lugng tinh toan la
rfit J&n. D6i v&i cite dim kh6ng gian thuang nha sv trg gii1p drn may tinh dt h6 tn;r giai.
Tuy nhien du&i day ciing trlnh hay sa qua v nguyen ly va phuang phap phan tfch k t cAu
dan kh6ng gian theo phuong phap ph&n tu hfm h n.

4.2.1. Chuy n vj nut va ll_fc nut cu.a ph§n hr thanh

Hinh 4.6a thJ hi?n rrn)t phkn nr di€n hinh ® trong da:n khong gian, ma diJ.m n(it dfn.i va
cu6i cua phftn tir thanh lftn lu()t la i va.j.

,
OJ-- , x O.. x
z

7
z
(a) (b)

Hinh 4.6. Phdn tu dim khong gian diJn hinh

71
 4.2.1.1. ChuyJn vj ildu ciia phdn tir thanh va / re tlfiu phim tir thanh tron,: hf t9a tl(j
phli11 tii'
, ~ • , -e ~
Trong h t9a 09 phfm ti'r, moi m9t diem n11t phan tfr chi chiu lvc d9c tr\lc F , do d6 rnoi
mc;,t di m nilt chi xem xet thanh phfin chuy n vi dfm thanh iie theo plurang song song tn)c
x cirn h t9a de;, phfin tfr. Con thanh ph n chuy n vj ve, i4·e theo phuang song song v&i tn,1c
x z Glla he
' .. toa do, thGnob - thu6nb° khong bing O, nhLffiUb - v6c LU' chuyen v.i vuong g6c
voi
' -e
plmang t.f\)C thanh dim khong anh huang ll,l'C d9c ir\JC phan tu thanh
chung khong tham
F
gia vao d9 cung pb&n tu, do <16 khong xem xet ve.
we. Vi v y vec ta chuy n vi o:Au
phin tu thanh dan khong gian vai vcc ta chuy6n vi dfiu ph§n tu thanh dan phing trnng h9
t9a d9 ph n tfr la g6ng nhau, tfrc la:

(4.23)

(4.24)

4.2.1.2. Chuyin J-'i va l 1·c ilflll ph.in tu thanh trong hf tva il{i ding thi
Trong h t9a d{> t6ng th , m6i mot diJm nut cua phfin tfr co ba thanh ph§.n vec ta chuy n
vi d u thanh r/, ve, we song song v6i phuang h tn,1c t9a 09 t6ng th6, tham khao hinh 4.6b.
Vi v y vec to chuy n vi dfiu ph&n tu thanh trong h t9a d◊ ph&n tfr la:
ui "l

(4.25)

l•1-jJ
Con vec ta Ive d!u phfin nr thanh tuang ung voi chuySn vi d§u thanh la:
- Fe.·]
Xl

f (IJ F/1l _ J F': l

I
(4.26)
'l . -11 Fel-( ) Fe (
F}e _ zt
lj XJ

,j

7
 Trong hai h t9a d9 tren, phuoug Clia chuy n vi va lvc d u phfin nr thanh ct)ng phm:mg
v&i chif:u duang 111; t9a di) sc mang dfiu duang, nguqc la. am. Hlnh 4.6 th6 hi9n chi6u duong
cC1a chuyen vi va Ive.

4.2.2. Ma trin chuyin d3i tqa d(> cua phfin tir dan khong gian

Hinh 4.7 th@ hi n hJc t;,ii dfru i trong bai h toad<) cua phfrn tu® trong dan khong gian.
Gue gifra trvc x cua h t<,>a d(j ph&n tCr v6'i tr IC X, y, z ci'.ta h t9a dt) tOng th€ lAn hrgt la a, /J
va ;v.
y

lflnh 4.7. Li,rc u;i cti8m nut i trong hai hf t9a cf6

L; ., Fe pe
a y xi, yi' F; lfrn luqt chiJu len tn,1.c x se thu duqc h,rc dfiu thanh Ff :
Fi E = F e F e
x icosa + y i c os
,R
, + (4.27)
FJei.cosy
1

Tuong t\[ nhu v y, d6iv&i h,rc t i nutjcung thu duqc quan h :

(4.28)

T6ng hc;rp hai cong thirc tren va vi6t theo d,,mg ma tr n c6 th thu duqc quan h chuy n
d6i hrc diu thanh trong hai h toa do:

cosfJ cosy 0 0
0 0 cosa cosfJ

Feyj

C6 thf: vif:t don gian rum sau:

73
 (4.29)

7
trong d6:

cosa cosfJ cosy 0 0 0

[T] c::, [ 0 0 0 cosa 7 (4.30)

cos/J cosy

[T] gQi la ma tr n chuy n d6i l9a d9 ci.a ph n tfr dan kh6ng gian.

cosa 01
cosfi 0
cosy
0 r, -:-e
F
0 CO.Sa i
llF;
0 cosfJ
0 COS}1 j

C6 th vi t c1on gian nhu sau:

{F}e=[r({F}e (4.31)
86i v6i chuy€n vi dftu ph§.n tu thanh, hi6n nhien cung c6 th thu duvc quan h tuang t1,r:

{ r =[r]{FL\r (4.32a)

{L\r =[rf{ (4.32b)

r
4.2.3. l\tla tr n d{> c11'1lg phfin tfr
4.2.3.1. i1,fa tr n ill) drng phfin tir trong hj t(>a a{> phfin tir [iiJ

CCmg gibng nhu phfin tu dan ph5ng, thanh dan kh6ng gian cCmg chi xem xet d<) ct'.mg
d9c tn1c cue la chi chiu h,rc d9c tivc. Vi v y quan hh,rc d§.u thanh va chuy n vi dftu thanh cua
phful tu gi6ng nlm phfin tu tharili din EA
phing: EAl
f -:-el
Fi -r- L -T l,ut
1
llF
EA EA uf
l L LJ

trong d6:
E - mo dun dim h6i pb§n tfr;

75
 A - di n tich tiJt di n thanh dan;
L - chi u dai thnnh.

7
 Cong thuc tren vi!t duoi d?ng n1t g<;m nhu sau:

trong d6:

[-k·]<=-' ELA[_11- l ll - ma tr n d<) dmg ,phan tt'.r trong h ,

t9a d◊ phan tfr.

4.2.3.2. ,.il,fa tr n ifp cirng phdn tir trong hf tpa iii) t6ng thi [Kl

Nhu ph§u tren da bi6t, phuang trinh d{> cirng ph§n tu trong h t9a d9 t6ng th la:

trong d6:
[KY - ma tr n d9 c{mg phin tfr phin tfr cua ph n tfr ® dim khong gian trong h tQa d()
t6ng th .

S1 S2 S3 -SI -S2 -S 3l
S4 S5 -S2 -S4 -Ss
[Kt= s6 -S3 -S- :, -S6
S1 S2 S3
ax S4 S5
Sr, J
., EA ') s EA Rl
S1 = Lew,- a.: 2 = cusacusp
1
S3 = EA EA 2
-cosacosy; S4 = -cos
L L /
EA EA ?
S5 =Lcos/Jcosy; S6 Leos- y

4.2.4. Phan tich t&ng th dan khong gian

4.2.4.1. Vee td ehuyi11 vj flllt va vie td l(t'C m'tt

M6i rn◊t c1i€m nllt trong dim khong gian co ba thanh phfin chuyen vj dc)c l p v6i nhau,
tire la chuy n vj. di m nut u, V, w theo cac phuang x, .Y, z Ctla h t9a d9 t6ng thJ. Tuong trng
voi di u nay m6i m9t diSm nut c6 th cbtu tac dµng cua ba thanh pb&n l1Jc nut bay la l1Jc
nut Fx, Fz theo cac phuO'ng X, y, z. Vi v y vec tO' chuySn vj nut va vec ta h,rc nut cua kSt
ii

77
du dan
khong gian c6 th bi u thi nhu du&:i day:

7
 02
,\
<\
;5s
()6
(4.33a)

ui J. .. .
_ ) I 2-

V-
1
c\_1
l1·i ,5....
:

l = J l )
Fxl l Pi l
F_vi P2
Fzl p3
.Fil F_,;2 p4
F2 F:v2 Ps
{F} = i : t = i F22 r = i Pc, (4.33b)
r F
/.

l Fri P3;-2

F ,; P3i-1

Fzi P3i

l l J
!ii va F, trong cong thuc lin lm;rt la thanh ph n vec ta chuySn vi nut va thanh phAn vec ta
h,rc nut cfra di m nut i:
r uj ,1 r ()3i-211
!ii = vi r= 103i-] (4.34a)
llwi ll "1i
rFxi rP1i-2
F; = Fyil =
1
, P3i- t (4.34b)

lFzi J l P3;

Trong vec ta chuy6n vi nut ti va vec ta l rc nut F, cac thanh ph n vec ta d6u s p xep
theo U;, v,, W; va trinh t\X ma diSm nut tu nho d n 1611. Trong h t9a dQ t6ng thS, plmang

79
cua chuy n vi diSm nut va phuang cu.a Ive nut I.a duang khj cung chiSu v&i chi u duang
tn,1c t9a
do• ' nb°-ua, c la, i la am.

8
 4.2.4.2. Phu·ung trinh d.(j c11ng t6ng thi
Plmm,g trinh d{) cung dmg th cua dan khong gian co thS hiSu thi nhu du6i day:
F= Kl).
trong d6:
K - ma trfin d9 Cl'.mg t6ng the cua dim khong gian;
.
F - vec LO' lt,rc mil cua kel du;
,

!). - vec ta chuy n vi m'.1t ci1a k t cAu.

Nhu clan ph ng co th lfiy phuang trinh de) cirng t6ng thS viJt theo hlnh thuc khf>i:

K,1
K111l 4 ·1
K? K.J , K2n 42
_, .
K./fl. !)I
,d.
F ): r
l-
:l
r- Kil K1/. Klj L1j
K_;n
K1..,

FJ K. K.
Ki1 KJ2 jl .U

Kni Kni
trong d6:
n - tbng s6 diem nut trong
dan;
Fi va L1, - tbanh phAn vec to l\TC ni1t va thanh phfin VCC tO' chuy6n vi Clla di6m nut i, Kif
la ma lr n con3x3.

Tuong t\I co th d\Ia vao di u ki¢n can bftng va diSu ki n ph6i hqp bi n d ng cu.a kSt du,
xay dµng plmong tdnh do cl'.rng t6ng th cua kSt diu, tu d:6 thu dugc ma trfm do cung t6ng
thJ K cua kSt du.

4.2.4.3. Ghep nJi ma tr n ap c,mg tJ11g tlti

Khi xac dtnh ma tr n ct<) cfrng t6ng th6 K vfin sfr d1,mg phmmg phap ghep n6i d◊ cfrng,
cac bu6c c1;1 thJ nlm sau:
- Xac dinh ma tr n d9 cfrng phdn tu [K]" cua phfin tir@ trong h¢ toa do t6ng thJ, vi t
theo hinh thfrc phan kh6i.
- Ma di m nuthai dfru i vaj cua phlln tu® vi€t phia tren va ben trai cua ma tr do cung
phfin tir:
81
 - Dva vao ma di rn nut cua hai dfiu phfin tu, lAy cac kh6i con ma tr?TI 09 cfrng ph1n lU lfin
luqt xSp vao vi tti kh6i con tu-011g irng trong ma tr n d◊ ct'.rng tang thS, hay:

Kji KJi,Kt KJJ

Sau khi hinh thanh ma tr?n d9 cfrng t6ng th , sfr d\mg pbuong phap "chinh 1 ph\1 O" va
phirang phap "nhan s6 16'n" dJ ap di u ki n bien k t cfm, chinh su:a plmo·ng trinh do ct'.rng
t6ng th .

4.2.4.4. Tinh toan n{Ji i{l'C va phiin l{t'C g6i

- Tinh toan n9i hJc:

Sau khi giai ra vcc tcr chuyen vi ffllt Clla k t du, co th dva vao ma Illlt hai dfiu ph n Ul ctJ
dua rachuy n vi hai diu phin tuthanh. Khi ma diSm nut hai diu phin tu @ la i vaJ thi e la:

u;- l · !\
0
3i-2
l
vr 03i-1

wL ' _ l 3
e = e = c) (4.35)
Uj 3j-2

ve.
.I

lW 1 J
l '

D\Ta vao hai bieu thfrc chuy6n d6i chuyJn vi d§u phfin ttr thanh, c6 th€ thu dugc chuy n
vi phlin tu thanh trong h9 t9a d9 phfu1 tfr:
u-e e ,, ,fl e I
·1 = ui·cosa.+ v/ cosµ + (4.36)
-e1,v1 cosye l e R e

Uj = U jCOSO. +VjCOSp +W1COS}'

L\rc d9c cua phftn tfr la:
AT_ EA(_,i -e)
JV -- l{. -u.
L J l
(4.37)
4
= [(u 1- u:)cosa + ( v1- vf )cos/J + ( w1- wf )cosy]
06i v6i Ive d9c: keo la duong, nen la am.
- Tinh toan phan l rc g6i ll,ra:
Phan Ive g6i 1\fa baa g6m hai phin la phan Ive sinh ra do l\fc d9c phfm tu n6i vai g6i 1\fa
va phan 1\rc sinh ra do t:ai tr mg tac d1_1ng t i g6i.

8
 Dt,ra vao di u ki n can b ng nut g6i i c6 th thu dm;rc cong thuc tinh toan phan l\rc g6i:
FHi = L ± Ncosa - F,J l
Fv; =I.± Ncos/J - (4.38)

FyI; f
t'

Fwi = ± Ncosy-FziJ

trong d6: f ·i, P_vr, Fzi ltn lu(Jt la tai tn;mg tac d\mg t i nut g6i ,:_ Le bi u thi illt ca cac phtn tu
n6i ti;ii n(1t g6i i. N6u nCit g6i i la di m c.1.lu Ctla ph&n tfr ® thi s6 h,,mg uAu tien ben v6
phai mang d u am; n u nut g6i i la di m cu6i cu.a phin tu @ thi s6 h:,mg diu tien ben vS
phai mang d§u dll.'cmg.

4.3. PHAN Tu' THANH DJ\N TRONC PH.t\.N MiM ANSYS

Trong phin mSm ANSYS cung dp cic phln tu c6 kha nang mo phong k t du h thanh
dan tt'r thanh 2-D (LlNKl) dSn de phfin tfr thanh 3-D 2-nut (LINKS, LlNK180). Hi n nay
phin tir 2-D duc:rc phin m m hru trfr trong kho va chi co thJ l:ly ra su d\mg theo ca.u l nh
ho c APDL, trong thu vi n h,ra ch9n ph n tu k t ciu chi c6 phln tir LINK.180. Du&i day
gioi thi u hai ph§n tfr mo phong k t c:iu dan 2-D (LINKl) va 3-D (LINKI80).

Bang 4.1. PhAn tfr tbrrong dung trong k t ciu dan

Lo{Ji ChiJu Ph.in tu Jflnh d{lng

2-D LINK1 - Ph n tu thanh 2 nut

/
K t cfm dan

3-D
LINK8 - Ph n tu thanh 2 nut /
LlNK180 - Phfin nr thanh (dan) 2 nut
/
4.3.l. Pb n tfr dan 2-D LINK)

Phln tLr LINKl la phAn tLr don gian nh t trong cac phAn tfr mo phong k l du thanh dan,
la phAn tu 2-0 c6 kfoi nang cbiu keo va nen doc tr\lC, kh6ng c6 kha nang chiu u6n. PhAn tu
LINK l c6 hai nut 6· hai d§.u, m6i m9t nut c6 hai b c tt,1· do chuySn vi th5ng theo phuong

83
t11,1c
X va Y nhu hinh 4.8.

8
 J

Hinh 4.8. Phdn tu2-D L/JVKJ

Ph n tt'.r LINKl c6 d ng thanh thitng dugc dinh vt trong h? t9a d(> t6ng th thong qua hai
di m nutl va J. D c trung hinl1 h9c m t dt ngang phfui tu LlNKl dm;rc khai bao thong qua
hfing s6 thl,1'c (g6m di?n tich m t dt ngang phAn ru va bi n d;,mg tuang d6i ban diu). Tai
trong tac di.,mg len phAn tu LINK.l chi c6 thS la tai trong nhi t do t i hai d.1u. Ngoai ra
phAn tfr LINK] c6 cac d c tinh d c bi?t nhu tinh deo, tfr bi6n, gian nu, !'.mg su t cfrng h6a,
biGn hinh lan va sinh - ch6t pl1§n tu.
Dfr li u diu rad6i v6i phin tir LTNKl bao g6m nhfrng y u t6 da khai bao va nhii11g y u
t6 d n xu:it nhLr th€ tich, tQa ct◊ trQng tam ph;ln ti'.r, hrc d9c, i'.rng su:it, bien <-4tng d9c
tq1c... Bang 4.2 th0 hi9n ma xu£t i'.mg su t, bi6n d ng va n(h l rc ct1a ph§n lir LINKl.
Bang 4.2. 1a xuAt IJ'llg sufit, bi n d ng va nc}i 1..,c cua phfin tfr LTNKl

Te,, g9i Giai tlrich .iW,i Phtill tii:

SAXL Ung sufit d(.1C t11.1c trong ph n tu LS 1
EPELAXL BiJn d ng dan h6i d9c tr1,1c trnng phfin tir LEPEL 1
?-vfFORX Lt.re d9c trong phfrn ttr theo phuong t11,1c X SMISC 1

4.3.2. Phfin tfr dan3-D LINKISO

Ph n tl'.r 3-D LINKl 80 co th0 i'.rng d mg trong nhieu bai toan ky lhu l khac nhau. Phfin
tfr c6 thS SU: d1,1.ng cho mo h1nh dan, cap, hen k@t, lo XO... flay la phfin tu chi c6 kha nang
chtu keo nen d9c t11,1c, m8i nut phfu1 tir c6 ba b c t1,1' do chuy6n vi thilng. Ngoai ra c6 th6
tuy ch911 phfin tu chi chiu keo (cap) ho c chichiu nen. PhAn nr co kha nang giai quy t
cac bai toan d c bi¢t nhu dco, lLt biGn, xoay, chuy6n vi 1611 va bi6n d ng 16n.
J

X
J--y
z

mnh 4.9. Phfm hr 3-D LINKJ 80

85
 Phfin tu LlNKl 80 co d mg thanh th ng ctuqc ct nh vj trong h t9a d9 t6ng th6 thong qua
hai diSm nut T va J. D c trung h1nh h9c m t c t ngang phfin tfr LINK180 dugc khai bao
thong qua bing s6 thi.rc (di?n tich mi,lt dt ngang, gan kh6i lm;Yng tren don vichi u dai va h,ra
ch9n thu◊c tinh keo ho c nenho c ca hai) ho c khai b{w thong qua ti2t uien ph n tfr.
Dfr li9u d u ra d6i vai phful nr LINKl80 bao g6m nhfrng y u t6 da khai bao va nhfrng y u
t6 dfin xu§.t nhu t9a d() tr9ng tam phfin tu·, h,rc doc, frng su5.t, bi n d,,mg d9c tnic... Bang 4.3
th hi n ma xuftt ung suit, biJn d::mg va n9i Ive dta ph§.n tu LINKl 80.

Bang 4.3. l\'Hi xu t 1mg su t., bi n d ng va n<}i h,rc cua ph§n ttr LINK180

NM
Te11g,;,i Giii.i thich Mii Ph/;,n tic
I J
Sxx Ung suit d9c tn,1c LS I 2
EPELxx Bi n d ng dinh6i d9c trvc LEPEL l 2
- - - - --
EPTOxx T6ng biSn d ng LEPTO 1 2
FORCE Lvc d9c trong h tt,1a d(l phfin tu SMTSC 1

4.4. PHAN TICH o,.\N PHANG B.4NG PHAN MEl\f ANSYS

4.4.1. l\'Iieu ta bai toan

M9t dan phing c6 kich tlmac va chiu titi tr9ng nhu hinh 4.10. Mo dun dan h6i cua v t fo u
E = 2,lx10RkN/m2, h¢ s6 Poisson Jt = 0,3, kh6i lm;mg rieng p = 7,8T/m3. Cac thanh dan c6
di n Lich m ll dt ngang nhu nhau v6i A= 5cm2. Tinh loan chuy n vi va rn)i Ive cac thanh dan.
Lu:uv:
- Su d1,mg ph n tu lien k6t 2-D LINK.I;
- Sfr d\rng phuong thtrc GUI va tham s6 APDL.

E
I.Cl
II
..s·

Hinh 4.10. Kit diu Jan ph&ng

8
 4.4.2. Th\rc hifn bai to.in theo phtrO'ng thirc GUI

4.4.2.1. Khoi d ng ANSYS

4.4.2.2. D9-t ten hai toa11

Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname > GIANPHANG

4.4.2.3. D t tieu dJ hai toa11

Utility l\tlenu >File> Change Title> TINH TOAN NOi LUC GIAN PHANG

4.4.2.4. Djnlz nghia ph&n tir )Ja /zdng s6 th J.'C

06i vai phfin m m ANSYS V16, trong thu nwc hJa ch911phfin tu d m khong c6 s n phfin
tu LINK!, no duQ'c luu trfr trong ldio. Vi v y cin nh p l nh trong cfra s6 COM:t\1AND d€
g9i ph.ln tu nay va khai bao bing s6 thl,fc cho ph.ln tu.
/PREP?
ET,1,LINK1
R,1,0.6E-4

4.4.2.5. Dinh ngltia v t li u

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> :t\.faterial :rv1odels > Structural> Linear>
Elastic > isotropic > EX = 2.1E8> PRXY = 0.3> OK. Ti6p ti.;1c th rc hi n Structural >
Density> DENS= O> OK> 06ng cuas6.

4.4.2.6. Xuy dl_,lng mo hinli pluin tu·hii:u h(tn

- T o di6m nut: i\fain Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Nodes> In Active CS
> Trong ci'.ra s6 Create Nodes in Active CS> Lin luQ't nh p ca.cgia. NODE= 1, X = 0, Y = 0,
Z = O >Apply> Tuang qr nh p cacdi m tu 2 d n 4 choo· bang du61diiy:

:r,.,rpr X y z NPT X y z
I 0 0 0 3 0 5 0
2 5 0 0 4 5 5 0

- T;,io phftn tu: Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements > Auto
Numbered> Thru Nodes> Dtmg chw)t nh n vaohai nut 1 va 2 >Apply> Luong t r 1 va 3,
3 va 4, 2 va 4, 2 va 3, 1 va 4 > OK. K t qua cho a hinh 4.11.

4.4.2.7. Gan diJu kif n bien va tiii tr()ng

- Gan gia t6c trQng truong: Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural
>Inertia> Gravity > Global> ACELY = 10> OK.
- Gan diSu ki n bien g6i dfr:
Main 1enu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement >On
Nodes>Dung chu9t ch<,m di m 1 va 3 >OK> Ch9n UX [JY, VALUE = 0>OK.va

87
 - Gan tai tn;mg t?P trung:
Main Tvfenu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural >Force/Moment>On
Nodes>Dung chu6t ch<.m diem 4 >Apply> Lab= FX, VALUE= 20>App1y > Ti p tllC
<limg chu9t ch(,m diem 4 >OK> Lab= FY,VALUE= -20>OK.
K t qua gan di u ki n bien va tai tn.mg cho a hinh 4.12.
y
R16.0

Hinh 4. I1..M6 hinh phdn tfr huu Hinh 4.12. Gan aiiu kiin hien
hw1
k'21 cdu don phdng
va Ldi trr;mg

4.4.2.8. Tin/1 loan

Utility Menu> Select> Everything.
Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS.
Main Menu> Finish.

4.4.2.9. Kit quii tinh t0tin

- Xuftt bang Ive tac d\mg vao tfrng ph§n tfr thco cac phuong:
Main Nfenu> General Postproc> List Results> Elernent Solution> Xufit hi n bang List
Element Solution> Element Solution> Structural Force> X - Component of force> OK
drrqc kJt qua nhu hinh 4.13.
PflS8l c ,r Ul t d

F'IUNl T'Rf,ffl'-t-11 !<:ffl,ll'?HlN R F.L»11ilil'T

- 'PM111 F'1.i:'11F...-r t,j(JrJ:' Tl'IIT"T. mi:r.r I.T TlN/?: -

l,CAII ::ri-:1•-1 :;1111:nn-1
lIN:E:- 1.ooeaiL(lflJI cti;;,E- C
THli F(llL(lUJWC :(,l,:Z J'CR('it .:.REi IW Cl.0:EW!l COORMWi:.lli:!i'

ll.U't-1 1'1 l'I.'

1 -1.1.1.5'> IZ.lillil8D
:I 1.1.1.H .OllOO
E.liN=2 Ii' F'/

: :
E.IN-J F< .uuuuf'(
4 -Zll.ii-IS .IRR8rl
:.i :U!.IM.1.
rl'
m·n-t-+ P
.I ll.tl tl -lJ.1
i. 0,800011.1!;
ll.l!N• ', P l'I.'
2 -1.l.1.5'> U .1'55
J 11., !i: -11.1!i

Hinh 4.13. L'-:(.'C tac d(tng vao phdn tir tqi cac aidrn m,t theo cac phwmg

8
 - Xufit bi u d6 h,rc d9c:
Main Menu> General Postproc > Element Table> Define Table> Add> Xu t hi n bang
Define Additional Element Table Items> Lab= N> By sequence num >S}\
1ISC>SMISC,1> OK> Close.
.Main Menu > General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xu§t hi n bang
Plot Line-Element Results > Labl = N, LabJ = N> Fact= 1> OK, duqc bi u d6 l\rc d9c
trong cac thanh dan nhu hinh 4.14.
' Llfil :Jr:R.;, ANSYS
1t:l'""l
.r11 -1 Rl6.0

"t!IN --L2'.$:0!
M:f. -:H.-•1!l
E:LE:."!-3

-l.U3S'i
1u. ,:c1.an, 10.-IGf.G !O.OHC
Tl r. ·.r,;,.•."?.H .:,i...-,i. l..c.; 'J'J.:.t .l,'l".11.:l..;.

Hinh 4.14. Biiu il6 hrc d()c trong cac thanh dim

- Xuftt bieu d6 i'.rng suftt d9c tr\tc:

Main Menu> General Postproc > Element Table> Define Tab]e >Add> Xu§t hi n bang
Define Additional Element Table Ttems >Lab= US_DOC> By sequence num >LS>LS,1>
OK> Close.
Main 1vknu > General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xu.1t hien bang
Plot Linc-Element Results> La.bl= US_DOC, LabJ = US_DOC> Fact= 1> OK, duc;:rc bil3u
d6 trng su§t d9c tn}C trong cac thanh dan nhu hinh 4.15.
ANSYS
Rl6.0

ITt:E-l
S'JB =1
·:ll!'.b-l
115_[0C lJS_OX
Ill =-2i:S<.i'5

TlN!l 10.\H '.\OI UIC GIEJ H!A!fG

Hinh 4.15. Bic?u <tJ ung sucit d 1c Lr7:.1c lrong c<ic thanh d<in

89
 - Xufit bang l\rc d9c va (mg suAt trong die ph n tir:
Main Menu> General Postproc> Element Table> List Elem Table> Xuit hi n bang List
Elem Table> Chon US_DOC va N> OK duqc kSt qua{mg su.lt v,\ hxc dQc trong cac ph:ln
tfr cho & hinh 4.16.
fj PRnAB Cornr,iandl X
lnle

I
PRINJ ELEMENI [ABLE ITEnS PER ELEMENJ
-P08T1 Fl,F.MF.NT TnJU.F. J.T8TTNC: -
nt'lTC:IIRRF:MTCIIRRF:MT
ELEMUS DOCN
1 - .12 + b -11.1
- UU.
3 0.48075E+06 28.845
4 -0.18592£+06 -11_155
5 0.2629JE+06 15.?76
6 -Q.20848E+06 -i2-S09
HI MI 11.JM Ut'lLUEi>
ELEM 6 6
UALUc - .2 1 • b -12. 1
MIIXH•H'I UALU.E!;
I:LJ;HJl
URLUE 0.400? C•0G 20.04

mnh 4.16. (lng sucit va {ifC d9c trong cac phdn tir thanh dan

4.4.3. Th\l'C hi n bai loan theo phu·O'ng thtrc APDL

FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,GIANPHANG
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC GIAN PHANG
!Nh p lham s6 d§u vao
L1=5 !m, b r9ng dan
L2=5
!m, chi u cao dan
A=0.6E-4
!m2, dil;ln trch ti t di n thanh dan
F1=20
!kN, tai tr9ng nut
F2=20
!kN
E=2.1E8
!kN/m2, mo dun dan h6i cua v?l li u
M=0.3
!H s6 Poisson
G=7.8
!T/m , kh6i luc;rng rieng, n€!u b6 qua nh,;1p gia trj 0
3

/PREP7
ET,1,LINK1
!Phan tU' lien ket 2-D
R,1,A
!H.ting s6 ph n tu·
MP,EX,1,E
!£ljnh nghTa v$t li u
MP,PRXY,1,M
$MP,DENS,1,G
N,1,0,0,0
m;io di m nut
N,2,L1,0,0
$N,3,0,L2,0 $N,4,L1,L2,0
E.1,2
!T.;10 ph§n tU' tll' haidi m nut
E,1,3 $E,3,4 $E,2,4
E,2,3 $E,1,4 $FINISH

9
 /SOLU
ACEL,O,10,0 !Gan gia t6c tr9ng trL!'cmg
D,1,UX,0 !Gan dieu ki$n bien nut 1
D,1,UY,0
D,3,UX,0 !Gan dieu ki$n bien nut 3
D,3,UY,0
F,4,FX,F1 !Gan h,l'C t$p trung tc;1i nut 4
F,4,FY,-F2
ALLSEL
SOLVE !Tinh toan
FINISH
/POST1
PRESOL,F !Bang ket qua h,1•c tac dt,mg vao tll'ng phan tCr theo cac phu•O'ng
ETABLE,N,SMISC,1
!Ojnh ngh1a bang s6 li$u ll!C dQC
PLLS,N,N,1,0,0
!Ve bieu do h,rc doc trong cac thanh
ETABLE,US_DOC,LS,1
!Ojnh nghTa bang s6 li u(mgsu t
PLLS,US_DOC,US_DOC,1,0,0
!Ve bieu do (mg su t trong cac thanh
PRETAB,US_DOC,N !Bang ket qua (mg sutit va ll!C dQC cua cac ph n tLP
ALLSEL
FINISH

4.5. PHAN TiCH D <lN KHONG GIAN BANG PHAN ME:\1 A._'ISYS

4.5.1. lVlieu ta bai toan

M9t dan thep kh6ng gian c6 hinh d mg va kich thu&c nhu hinh 4.17. T6ng chi u dai dan
la 72m chia la.111 6 do n, m6i do n 12m. BS r9ng dan I Om, cao l 6111. Quy each thanh dan
g6m ba lo?,i duqc cho o- bang 4.4. Tinh n9i h,rc trong cic thanh dan khi chiu tac dµng cua hai
h,n.: tJp trung c1 t t.,ii giua nhip dan F = l000kN.
V t li?u thep c6 mo dun dan h6i E = 2,lx108kN/m2, h s6 Poissonµ= 0,3, kh6i lm;mg
ricng p = 7,8T/m3.

12m x 6 = 72m

Hinh 4.17. K§t cdu dim kh6ng gian

91
 Bang 4.4. Quy each du ki n tbanh dim thcp

Lo(!i thanh 1Yii s6 mgt clu I Ili11h thu·c Quy each

Thanh (th dan 1 I Thep hinh chCrI 4QOx4QOxl6xl6
Thanh canh thuqng h?- 2 Thcp hinh chfr l 4QOx400><12x12
Thanh nf>i ngang 2 I Thep hinh chfr I 4()()X4{)()><]2X]2
Thanh b\mg 3 I Thep hinh chu I 400x300xl2x12

-
Thanh giing (thanh net dut) 4 I Thep g6c --
10ox1ooxsxs
4.5.2. Th\fc hi n baitoan theo phu·O'ng thu-c GUI

4.5.2.I. Khni if{j11g A}\TSYS

4.5.2.2. »ijt ten bai toan

Utility Menu >File> Change Jobname > GIANKHONGCIAN

4.5.2.3. Dijt tieu dJ bai toan

Utility Menu> File> Change Title> TINH TOAN NOi LUC GIAN KHO G GIAN

4.5.2.4. Dinh nghi" phlin tu-

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > Link >3D finit
stn 180> OK > Close.

4.5.2.5. lJjnh nghia hdng .wi

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete > trong cua s6 Real
Constants > Add > Iva ch911 T_ype I LTNK180>0 K > Trang cua s6 Real Constant Set
Number 1 nh p Set No.= 1, AREA= 0.018688> Apply nhu hlnh 4.18 > Ti p t1,1c lrong cua
sb nh p Set No=2, AREA= 0.014112> Apply> Set No= 3, AREA= 0.011712> Apply>
Set No= 4, AREA= 0.001536> OK> Close.

.a R=11I ComtartSet I\ umi:Jer 1. for LINKl.00

EleIT"ertlyf!E Referenc No. 1

Real Cor stantt Sc:t No.

Cro2.•s..::tional,area AP.El\ 10.010600

jBc,th :]

OF'. Jl,pplv Ca,cel Help

ID11h 4.18. Cua s6 khai bao luing s6 th(tc

9
 4.5.2.6. Djnli nghia v t liju
Main IV1cnu >Preprocessor> Material Props> Nlaterial Nlodcls > Strnctural >Linear>
Elastic > Isotropic > EX2.1E8> PRXY = = 0.3> OK. Ti p t 1c thvc hi n Structural >
Density> DENS = 0> OK> Dong cua s6.
4.5.2.7. Xay d,pzg mo hinh phfi.11 tu hfru h9n

- T o diSm nut: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create >Nodes> In Active CS

> Trong cua s6 Create Nodes in Active CS> L1n luqt: rlh p cac gia NODE= 1, X = 0, Y = 0,
z = O >Apply> Tuong tv nh p cacdi m tfr 2 d n 12 cho 6 bang duoi day:

NPT X y z NPT X y z
J 0 0 0 7 36 16 0
2 12 0 0 8 48 0 0
3 12 16 0 9 48 16 0
4 24 0 0 10 60 0 0
5 24 16 0 11 60 16 0

- 6 36 - 0 -
0 12
-
72 0 0

K t qua ti,io 12 di6m niit tren m◊t mijt ph ng dan cho 6 hinh 4.19.
- Nhan ban di6m nut:
Ma1n Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Copy > Nodes > Copy > Pick all > Trong cua
s6 Copy nodes nhftp gia tri DZ= 10 > OK cho k t qua nhu hinh 4.20.

l ,ou:, ANSYS ANSYS

Rl6.0 R16.0

15
y·

_JJ
z.J...x /7
9

II

7;
:1 (, 12
lS

JO

YDlli TCii\11' JJ:)I ttc CiLW Y.E.Ctl:. C TI TOW NOi LiJC aBN ROOOO GVJ

Hinh 4.19. Tr;w ttdm ,n,t Hinh 4.20. Nhfin ban tlitm nut
- T o ph.ln ttr thanh c.t u dan:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create >Elements> Elem Attributes> Trong
cfra s6 Element Attributes h,ra chQn d.c tham s6 m c dinh TYPE = I, MAT = 1, REAL = I,
cac tham s6 khac m c djnh > OK.

93
 Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements> Auto Numbered> Thru
Nodes> Dung chU<}t nhfrn vao hai nut 1 va 3> Apply> tmmg ti,r 13 va 15, 12 va 11, 24 va
23> OK. KSt qua o 4 phin tu dftu dan cho a hinh 4.21.
- T o ph.ln tfr thanh canh va thanh n6i ngang:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Tvfodeling > Create> Elements> Elem Attrihutes > Trong
cli"a s6 Element Attributes h,ra chc;m cac tham s6 m c dinh TYPE = 1, MAT = I, REAL =
2, cac tham s6 khac m c djnh > OK.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements> Auto Numbered> Thru
Nodes> Dung chuc)t nhfrn vao hai nut I va 2 >Apply> tm:mg tt_r cho cac ci;ip nut du&i day>
OK. KSt qua cho cJ hinh 4.22.

PT Nl1tl Ni'ltJ PT Nut/ NutJ PT Nut I N1'itJ

5 l 2 16 14 16 27 4 16
6 2 4 17 16 18 28 6 18
7 4 6 18 18 20 29 8 20
8 6 8 19 20 22 30 10 22
9 8 IO 20 22 24 31 12 24
- -
10 10 12 21 15 17 32 3 15
11 3 5 22 17 19 33 5 17
12 5 7 23 19 21 34 7 19
J3 7 9 24 21 23 35 9 21
14 9 11 25 1 13 36 11 23
15 13 14 26 2 14

ANSYS ANSYS
R16.0 RIM

J
9

11
/6 :B \\
8\ \\
.\
)8
\ \
, '. 10 \ \
fr-y '\, \\12
\
\2-1
IDII U.,,S AX!: l.D: I.D.la Drlm Glll'

1:nCll!'OAl!i'IIOJl.D:GtDMt::H;GDII

Hinh 4.21. Ph<in Lu: ct<Ju dim Hinh 4.22. Ph[m Lu: lhanh ni.nh + m]i ngang

- T o phin tuthanh bi;mg:

Main Menu > Preprocessor > 1v1odeling > Create > Elements> Elem Atfributcs > Trang
cua s6 Element Attributes l a ch911 cac tham s6 m c dinh TYPE = J, MAT = 1, REAL = 3,
9
cac tham s6 khac m c djnh > OK.

95
 Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements> Auto Numbered> Thru
Nodes> Dung chu9t nhfrn vao hai nut2 va 3 >Apply> tu:ang t\I cho cac c p nut du6'i day>
OK.K6t qua cho a hinh 4.23.

PT Nut/ 1W1.tJ PT Nut/ NiitJ PT Nut/ . 'ut J

- - - - - -

37 2 3 43 4 7 49 20 21
38 4 5 44 8 7 50 22 23
39 6 7 45 8 11 51 16 15
40 8 9 46 14 15 52 16 19
41 10 11 47 16 17 53 20 19
..,
42 4 ,) 48 18 19 54 20 23

- T;;io ph§n tir thanh gi ng:

Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements> Elem Attributes > Trong
cua s6 Element Attributes l ra chc;,n ca.c tham s6 m c d.inh TYPE= 1, Iv1AT = 1, REAL=
4, cac tham s6 khac mijc djnh > OK.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Elements> Auto Numbered> Thru
Noc.ks> Dtmg chw)t nhfui vao hai nut3 va 17 >Apply> tmmg tv cho cac c?p nut du&i
day> OK. K@t qua cho a hinh 4.24.
PT Nut/ Nill .T PT Nitti Ni,t .I PT Nutl Nut.T
55 3 17 59 l 14 63 8 22
- - - - -

56 17 7 60 14 4 64 22 12
57 7 21 61 4 18 65 1 15
58 21 11 62 18 8 66 24 11
,.,._. ANSYS
A16.0
""'"'-

l"lNI 'roAII WI 1,UC GJ;H( l'K)JK; GUI

9
rllll 1TJIM IDI LUC W..U EiiQIJ.i, GI.NI

Hi11h 4.23. Phdn tu thanh b(mg Jnnh 4.24. Phfin tu thanh gicing

97
 4.5.2.8. Gan di u ki n bien va tiii tr(Jn,:
- Gan gia t6c tn;mg tnrang: Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Strnctural
>Inertia> Gravity> Global> ACELY = 10> OK.
- Gan dieu ki?n bien g6i dfr:
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Nodes> Dung chU<}t ch9n diJm I va 13> OK> Ch9n UX, UY va UZ, VALUE = O>OK.
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Nodes> Dung chu9t ch9n difm 12 va 24 >OK> Ch9n UY va UZ, VALUE= 0>OK.
- Gan tai tr9ng t?p trung:
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Force/Moment-'> On
Nodes> Dung chu9t chem di6m 6 va 18> Apply> Lab= FY,VALUE= -1000>OK.
K€t qua g{m diSu ki n bien va tai tr9ng cho a hinh 4.17.
l

-
llllll!.IDI
ANSYS
R1M

'l'DIB :l'Qlill ROIlot,;; G;UII' PJro)1G Gl:JIII'

fflnh 4.25. Gan ctiJu kiin bien vet tai tr9ng len dan khong gian

4.5.2.9. Tinh totin

Utility :tvlem, >Select> Everything.

Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS.
Main Menu > Finish.

4.5.2.10. KJt qua tillh toiin

- Xuit bi6u d6 h,rc d9c:

Main l\1enu > General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table> Add > Xu t hi n bang
Define Additional Element Table Items> Lab= N> By sequence nurn >SA,f/SC>SM-
ISC,1> OK> Close.

9
 Main Menu > General Postproc > Contour Plot> Line Element Result> Xu§t hi n bang
Plot Line-Element Resulls > LabI = N, LabJ = N> Fact = 0.5> OK, duqc bi u d6 l rc d9c
trong cac thanh dan nhu hinh 4.26.
- Xu5-t bi@u d6 ung suit d9c tn,ic:
Main l\fenu > General Postproc > Element Tahle > Define Table> Add> Xu§.t hi n hang
Define Additional Element Table ltems > Lab = US_DOCI> By sequence num
>LS>LS,l>Apply >Lab= US_DOCJ> By sequence num >LS>LS,2>OK > Close.
Main Menu >General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > XuAt hi n bang
Plot Line-Element Results> LabI = US_DOCI, LabJ = US_DOCJ> Fact= 0.5> OK, duQ'c
biSu d6 ung suilt d()C tf\IC trong cac thanh dan nhu hlnh 4.27.
j
1.nrr. 1;r_.-:, ANSYS ANSYS
S1.E:P-1 Rl6.0 R16.0
:,·rn-1
7JJ:il.:l
lltl
Hm - 'iCL.:Ji
rrr¼e J
l"l'iZ -1112. 1•
t;.Lt::i•lt

\
\

'
/y---
.::::::-

- •

-:<.,..,
"'"'- - ·,-;J:jlJ.:Ja:4
1';41:-12f' f"
-!..i.·1:.4-.S:'U•J.I
- FV <;- F!'i4 2
JUL'"l. lU!W 001 LUI; l.a.O...t- K..•:l:}Nt.: lA lill:-1 H)f'_J,, tl':.11 ..,J..; u;.Jl l'!. .oo:... ti..l.

Hinh 4.26. Li!C d9c trong thanh dim Hi11h 4.27. Uiig sudt d9c trong thanh dan

- Xu.it bang l rc <l9c va (mg su t trung cac ph n tfr:

.Main Menu> General Postproc> Element Table-"> List Elem Table> Xuit hi n bang List
Elem Table> Chem N,US_DOCJ,US_DOCJ> OK duqc k€t qua h,rc doc va ung suit trong
de phfin tir cho iY hinh 4.28.

/\ P ETAB Carnnar.d X
Fd.:
:,t,
5?
].]..J.1!111!1
-11.108
-..- 1., .:,
-7226.5
·12 1., _:.,
-'7226.5
,..
!.R 11.HUl ?:,!:!i,.!, ?:!:!i,.!,
59 5.3649 3492.8 3492.8
G0 !..lG49 1492.11 1492.0
61 5.3649 3492.R 3492.8
(;?. -!,.::li,49 -::149?..A -::149?..R
63 5. 3649 3492.B 3492.8
64 -5.3649 -3492.R -3492 .8
65 -1!>.889 -Hl345. -H!345.
66 -l!>.889 -11'1345. -10345.
nlHJMUM UALUJi:;
ELEH 2-1 13 13

n
UALUE -761.37 --54173. -54173.
nAXJMUM UALUJi:;
ELEH 18 :39
UALUC 1142.:J O llll.
V

Hiflh 4.18. Lu:c; d9c vd ung swft trong C(lC ph,in hi:

99
 4.5.3. Th\l'C hifn bai toan theo phmrng thirc APDL
FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,GIANKHONGGIAN
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC GIAN KHONG GIAN
!Nh$p tham so dau vao
L=12
!m, chi€lu dai ml)t khoang dan
H=16
!m, chieu cao dan
8=10
!m, b r9ng dan
F=1000
!kN
E=2.1E8
!kN/m2, mo dun dan hoi cua v l lieu
M=0.3
!H so Poisson
G=7.8
!T/m3, khoi lu<7ng rieng, n u bo qua nhi[ip gia lri 0
/PREP7
ET,1,LINK180
!Phan tll' thanh dan 3-0
MP,EX,1,E
!Dinh nghia v$t li$u
MP,PRXY,1,M
$MP,DENS,1,G
R,1,0.018688
!Dinh nghia h ng so m$t cat thanh dan
R,2,0.014112
R,3,0.011712
R,4,0.001536
N,1,0,0,0
!T o di&m nut
N,2,L,0,0 $N,3,L,H,0 $N.4,2*L,0,0
N,5,2*L,H,0 $N,6,3..L,0,0 $N,7,3..L,H,0
N,8,4*L,0,0 $N,9,4*L,H,0 $N,10,5*L,O,O
N,11,5*L,H,0 $N,12,6*L,0,0
NGEN,2,12,ALL,,,,,B,, !Nhan ban nut
REAL,1 !Mac □jnh h ng so thl}'c thanh d§u dan
E,1,3 !Ve phan tll' thanh tll' haidiem nut
E,13,15
$E,12,11 $E,24,23
REAL,2
!Mac dinh hang so thl,.l'c thanh canh va thanh ngang
E,1,2
$E,2,4 $E,4,6
E,6,8
$E,8,10 $E,10,12
E,3,5
$E,5,7 $E,7,9
E,9,11
$E,13,14 $E,14,16
E,16,18
$E,18,20 $E,20,22
E,22,24
$E,15,17 $E,17,19
E,19,21
$E,21,23 $E,1,13
E,2,14
$E,4,16 $E,6,18
E,8,20
$E,10,22 $E,12,24

1
E,3,15 $E,5,17 $E,7,19
E,9,21 $E,11,23
REAL,3 !M c djnh hang th1,Pc thanh b1,mg
s6
E,2,3 $E,4,5 $E,6,7
E,8,9 $E,10,11 $E,4,3
E,4,7 $E,8,7 $E,8,11
E,14,15 $E,16,17 $E,18,19
E,20,21 $E,22,23 $E,16,15
E,16,19 $E,20,19 $E,20,23
REAL,4 !Mijc dinh hang th11c thanh giang
s6
E,3,17 $E,17,7 $E,7,21
E,21,11 $E,1,14 $E,14,4
E,4,18 $E, 18,8 $E,8,22
E,22,12 $E,1,15 $E,24,11
FINISH
/SOLU

ACEL,0,10,0 !Gia t6c tr9ng trll'ong

D,1,UX,0 !Gan dieu ki$n bien co dinh t0i nut 1
D,1,UY,0 $D,1.UZ,0
D,13,UX,0 !Gan di u ki n bien co d!nh t?i nut 13
D,13,UY,0 $D,13,UZ,0
D,12,UY,0 !Gan di u ki n bien di dc)ng tc:3i nut 12
D,12,UZ,0
D,24,UY,0 !Gan di u ki n bien di dc)ng lc;1i nut 24
D,24,UZ,0
F,6,FY,-F !Gan tai trong t p trung tc;1i giu•a nhip dan
F,18,FY,-F
ALLSEL
SOLVE !Tinh toan
FINISH
/POST1
ETABLE,N,SMISC,1
!E>!nh nghia bang s6 li u h,l'C dQC
PLLS,N,N,0.5,0,0 !Ve bi u d6 11,l'c d9c trong cac thanh
ETABLE,US_DOCl,LS,1
!E>!nh ngh1a bang s6 li u t:mg sufit
ETABLE,US_DOCJ,LS,2
PLLS,US_DOCl,US_DOCJ,0.5,0,0 !Ve bi u d6 (mg su:it trong cac thanh
PRETAB,N,US_DOCl,US_DOCJ !Bang kf!t qua h,Yc dQc va (mg su t cua cac ph§n
t& ALLSEL
FINISH

10
4.6. PHAN TiCH TOI u·u KET c.iu DAN KHO c CIAN (J'NG SU.AT TRu·oc

4.6.1. l\fieu ta.bai toan

M9t k t cfiu dan khong gian ung sufrt tru6'c d1:mg non c1,1t tu di n g6m 3 lap, thanh canh
16p day k€t n6i v&i thanh neo ung suit tnr6c. V t li u thep dan c6 mo dun dan h6i
E = 2,1 x108kN/nl; h s6 Poissonµ = 0,3; kh&i lu:qng rieng p = 7,8T/m3. T1,1i hai di m
giua nhip dan chiu tac d\mg cl'.ta tai tn;mg t?p trung FY= -500kN.
Sir di.mg ph§n m6m ANSYS tinh toan tbi m1 tr9ng lm;mg ki3t dudan vai cac bi n tham s6:
- Duong kinh thanh canh va tbanh b1,U1g D, thay d6i trong ph m vi 0,02 ~ 0.04m.
- Ducmg kinh thanh neo D2 thay d6i trong ph,,un vi 0,01 ~ 0,03m.
- Bi€n d<)ng ban dlu cua thanh neo ISTR thay d6i trong ph m vi 0,003 ~ 0,006.
- Chi u cao lop dim tren H1 thay d6i trong ph m vi 1 ~ 2m.
- Chi u caolop dim du6i H2 thay d6i trong ph{lm vi 2 ~ 5m.
- Khfmg ch8 ct◊ vong 16n nh.it dta <lan UY thay d6i trong ph;.tm vi -0,2 ~ 0 m.
Lu:u _v: dung phfin tu LINKS m6 phong thanh dim, dung phfin ttr LINKl O 1116 phong thanh
neo ung suat tru&c.

Innh 4.29. KJt cciu dim

4.6.2. Th\rc hi n bai toan theo plnrong thirc APDL

cREATE,GIAN_UST,mac
!T o file macro
♦

/PMACRO
FINISH
/CLEAR
/FILNAME.GIAN_UST
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC GIAN KHONG GIAN UNG SUAT TRUOC
!Nh p tham so ban du
D1=0.03 !m, duang kfnh thanh dan
D2=0.02 !m, duc'mg kfnh thanh neo
ISTR=0.005
!bien dr;1ng tlJ'O'ng doi ban dau
H1=1.5
!m, chieu cao l&p tren
H2=4 !m, chi u cao l&p du'O'i

1
A 1=3.1416*01*01
!m2• di n tfch m t c t thanh dan
/4
!m2, di n tfch m t cM thanh neo
A2=3.1416*D2*D2/4
!kN/m2, mo dun dan hoi cua thep
E=2.1E8
!H s6 Poisson
M=0.3
!T/m3, kh6i IU'Q'ng rieng
G=O
/PREP7
!Phan t1} dan 3-D 2 nut
ET,1,LINK8
ET,2,LINK10
!Ojnh nghia v t li u
MP,EX,1,E
$MP,OENS,1.G
MP,PRXY,1,M
!0jnh nghTa hang s6
R,1,A1
R,2,A2,ISTR
!Tc;10 I6·p ph§n tll' tren cung
N,1,0,0,0
$N,2,2,0,0 $N,3,4,0,0
N,4,6,0,0
$N,5,8,0,0 $N,6,10,0,0
NGEN,21,6,ALL,.,,,-2,1,
TYPE,1
!M c djnh loc;ti ph n tu•, h ng s6 thl,l'c
REAL,1
*D0,1,1,5,1
E,1,1+1
*ENDDO
EGEN,21,6,1,5,1
*00,1,1,115,6
E,1,1+6
*ENDDO
EGEN,6,1,106,125,1

ANSYS
R16.0

In1th 4.30. Pluin tir lop tren ci1ng

TINH TQI.N NOI LUC GIAN lQtQfCl GIAN UNG SCAT TROOC
10
 !T,;10 l&p ph n tu'giO•a
N,1001,1,-H1,-1 $N,1002,3,-H1,-1
N,1003,5,-H1,-1 $N,1004,7,-H1,-1
N,1005,9,-H1,-1
NGEN,20,6,1001,1005,1,,,-2,1,
*DO,1,1001,1004,1
E,1,1+1
*ENDDO
EGEN,20,6,226,229,1
*DO,1,1001,1109,6
E,1,1+6
*ENDDO
EGEN,5,1,306,324,1
!Tc:30 l&p phan tll' dlJ'6'i cung
N,2001,3,-(H1+H2),-10 $N,2002,7,-(H1+H2),-10
NGEN,3,30,2001,2002,1,,,-10,1,
E,2001,2002 $EGEN,3,30,401
E,2001,2031 $E,2031,2061
E,2002,2032 $E,2032,2062
EPLOT
*DO,1,1001,1005,1
E,1,1-1000 $E,l,l-999
E,1,1-994 $E,1,l-993
*ENDDO
EGEN,20,6,408,427,1
E,2001,1019 $E,2001,1021
E,2001,1037 $E,2001,1039
E,2002,1021 $E,2002,1023
E,2002,1039 $E,2002,1041
EGEN,3,30,808,815,1

ANY ANSVS
R16.0 Hl6.0

'/ t 'i X

nRB'lo.Mf:111>1 me l1fflR 111:tORCJ;tnn mca 31M' nncc Tnfll TOllf lfO'I L'tlC 5IU 'ICIKllf'G GI.Ill mG- !UM' '!lll70C

Hinh 4.3I. T6ng thi kit cliu dim

1
!T,;10 ph n tu' thanh neo
TYPE,2 $REAL,2
N,3001,3,-(H1+H2),-10 $N,3002,7,-(H1+H2),-10
NGEN,3,30,3001,3002,1,,,-10,1,
E,1002,3001 $E,3001,3031
E,3031.3061 $E,3061,1116
E,1004,3002
$E,3002,3032
E,3032,3062
$E,3062,1118
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-(H1+H2)
!Gan rang bu(lc chuy n vi thanh neo va dan
NSEL,R,LOC,Z,-10
CP,1,UY,ALL
$ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-(H1+H2)
$NSEL,R,LOC,Z,-20
CP,2,UY,ALL
$ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-(H1+H2)
$NSEL,R,LOC,Z,-30
CP,3,UY,ALL
$ALLSEL
FINISH
/SOLU
ACEL,0,10,0
!Gan gia t6c tr9ng trU'cmg
NSEL,S.LOC,Z,-1
!Gan di u ki n bien
NSEL,A,LOC,Z,-39
D,ALL,ALL
$ALLSEL
F,2031,FY,-500
!Gan l11c t p trung
F,2032,FY,-500
ANSYS
R16.0
CP

n• TONf ,roi to::: GU.M uan. G wr. SIJAT nwoc

mnh 4.32. I'(W thanh neo, gan aiJu kifn bien va tai tr9ng
TIME,1
DELTIM,1
SOLVE !Tinh toan
FINISH
/POST1
PLNSOL,U,Y !Xem chuyt§n vi theo phll'ang dung

10
 KSt qua tinh toan chuyJn v dan theo phuong dung (mg v6i cac tbam s6 ban dfiu cho o
hinh 4.33.

JlCI:laL ::iOlJJJI,:u,:

I/I
RSY5-Q
l)J!X ,4(1J;Jl
!.if! --.Hll:J:!i
SMX =.00S21,

-.L.l()'3'3:.. -.1J;J::2 -.o·nss1: -.::1e11::1s -.00;3;,:

-.l3?:i13 -.O:S.0"..73 -.06733-1. -.(133S:9E .00513-1.3
TINI.E J'-0.iu-i TOI LUC rGillN iQICNG GI.llli' UNG :'.EJ.llT TRUO:'

Hinh 4.33. Chuyin vf dim then phu:rmg dung UY

ETABLE,EVOL,VOLU
!EVOL = Th€! tfch cua moi ph§n ti'.r
SSUM
*GET,VTOT,SSUM,,ITEM,EVOL
!VTOT = T6ng th tich

I sun
rile nLL T E OCIIUE EHTIII ES [H IKE ELEMEHT TOBLE
TABLE LABELIOIAL
EUOL1.59819

Hinh 4.34. T6ng thi tich phdn tir

RH0=7.8 !Khoi lu'Q'ng rieng cua v t li$u
WT=RHO*VTOT !Tong tr<;mg ILI'qng ket cau dan
*GET,UY,NODE,2032,U,Y !Chuyen vj theo phLPong dCvng tG1i nut 2023
/ESHAPE,2
NIEW,1,1,1,1
EPLOT
FINISH
*END
!Tfnh toan toi U'U
/INPUT,'GIAN_UST','MAC',',,O
!09c file tfnh toan tham s6 dan
/OPT
!Kh&i d¢ng tfnh toan toi U'U
OPANL,'GIAN_UST','MAC',
!Chi c'f!nh ten file tinh toan
OPVAR,D1,DV,0.02,0.04
!PhG1m vi bien thiet ke D1
OPVAR,D2,DV,0.01,0.03
!Ph,:1m vi bien thiet ke D2

1
 OPVAR.H1,DV,1,2 !Ph m vi bien thiet ke H1
OPVAR,H2,DV,2,5 !Phl;lm vi bi n thil§t kl§ H2
OPVAR,ISTR.DV,0.003,0.006 !Ph m vi bien thiet ke ISTR
OPVAR,UY,SV,-0.2,0 !Phl;lm vi bi n tr;;ing thai UY
OPSAVE,GIAN_UST,OPT !LU'U file toi U'U
OPVAR.WT,OBJ !Ham s6. m1,1c tieu la tr9ng IU'Q'ng
OPDATA,,,
OPLOOP,PREP.PROC,ALL
OPPRNT,ON
OPKEEP,ON
OPTYPE,SUBP !L1,Pa chc;>n phU'O'ng phap tinh toan
OPEXE
OPLIST,ALL
!Xuat cac bu•o·c thiet ke t6i u·u
Cho kSt qua cac buck thi t k t6i uu nhu hinh 4.35.
Bu&c trong diiu ** chi buoc t6i uu.
OPLIST,9 !Hi n th! bU'O'C t6i Ll'U

Ket qua cac tham s6 t6i U'U cua ket du dan (mg suit tnr6c cho o hinh 4.36.
FINISH

A OPUSl" Commard X
Fil'c

I
LIST OPIIMIZATION &EI3 F otl gE'J1 TO SE'I 15 AND 3MOW
ONLY Ul'UMJZ:AHUN l'AIIAtllil'JiliS. (A ..,. .. SYMOOL JS USliV TO
J Hlll(;ll'Jt; l'Ht: B J" Lli:i'ft:11 ::!t:J>
RT1 FT ?.SFT ::lSRr4

<&U) -l'l.56153E-01 <TNPRA!:IRl,R)

C Hll'F.AI':Till,F.) CINFF.A!:IID,R> (IHPRA!:Tllf,F.)
UY l'l.30098E-0i IL201l98E 01
Di D2 lSIRCDU) CDU) CDU) -a.855?1E-01 -0.IISS?iE-01 -0.1222?
Hi H2 HJ' <DU) 0.30000E-019.30800E-019.3&943E 01
ii. 501.liltlE-02 0.3001!10E-il2
0.20000Il ii. 30tl0ilE-il2
ll18.20001lE il.4L64ilE--i!l2
ll18.H1441, 01
CDU) > 0.0'198 > 0.0000> 0.0000 > 0.'1000
<OIIJ)> 0.001Hl > ll.01!100 > 0.0001l> 0.0000
1 .;ny t::!.l2'i 12.:J:! 1:J.l2:I
:i:Kl :,:i,:1 6
81il' 'I:,:J,:l' u
CT Nl'F.Al':Tlll,F.) <TNPRA!:IRl,R)CINFF.A!:IID,R> (!'RASIRl,F,
UY <&U) -1'1.11116 -a.13052 -0.10901 -0.11003
n1 D2 lSTR<DU)IL U4?1Ht1 A. :1A:1<:IRR-A1 lt.BR4?F.-A1 A• :1APAAF-fl1
Hi 112 HICDU)IL20?51E-010. 210ll0E-018.20?51E-01 0.20000E-01
CDU)il.i8538E-020.3462',E-02ii. 52'.i16E-il2 il.50000E-€12
<DU) > 0.0'108> tl.001!10 > 0.0000 1.500ll
CDU) )0.0mu1) ll.0000 1.3.322 > 0.0001l 4.ll001l
<OBJ)13.321 13.321 12. 6
"!>li'l y.. :;J;I Hl Slil' 11 8.lil' n
, I'liR8 lHLli) U'tft8lllJ.li) ,l't:A:i:JIJLJD {l'.liRH.IILt)
UY (30)-l'l.122f,8 -a.10692 -0.91616£-01 -0.11207
n1 CDU) IL HH:11Ht1 A.::::U::!1R-A1lt.:l!a?.'l?F.-A1 A.:l1999F-fl1 It. I A!'.7 F--fll 0.511'732E-02
n <DU) IL I'- 1lt?.IH:.tl A. I?.\lf;9R-AIIt. I I :u;n-AI
lETR 0. '161.1.6E-02 0.55".IZ?E-02 1. 5166
CDU) 0. 5760?E-02
Hi 112 HI<DU) 1.4339 1..6851 1.8332 i.702 13J .100 .11731
... 7'1111 12 .4l!0
CDU) 4.22?0
12.384 1.2.856
<OBJ)
S:EI 13 SET 14 SET 15
(l'.liAHHLli) U'tA8lllJ.li) (l't;A8JllLli)
UY C3U) -1'1.83933£-01 0.2H18E-01 -a.15'787
-0.93146E-01 8.J20'J4E-ll1 It. I !'.44 F.-AI 0.593'15E-02
D1 CDU) IL l?-1::lllH:.tl 0. 31138E-01 A.14?1!'.R-AI 0.3?166E-02
1 .!a44A
n <DU)0. 59398E-02 1 .!'.?99 i.8368 12.(;2(;
lETR H1 H2<DU) 1CDU)
.R-19RCDU) CODJ) 3.9076
HI 4.71111 l.2. 117
1J.LJII

Hinh 4.35. Cac IJU'rfC tinh toan tham .w5 l<5i U'U

10
 file

J.JH OJ'll n!ZATION J;IS !'HOM HT TO SHRNP HOii

,:)NI.Y ,:)JITI IZATIOM :PARAMETERS
SET i
(l'E &IBLE,
UY( U)0 _i22G
Di(DU>.310i3E-111
D2( UU).121021! 81 I Tfl (DU)0. 5'1'6117E-ll2 Hi (DU) 1.433i
II(DU)-1. -1
YT(OU> 12.384

Hinh 4.36. Cac tham sc5 tc5i lru ciw kit c6.u dim

4.7. PHAN TiCH 01\" DJNH KET cAu DAN MAI VOl\il KHONG GIAN

4.7.1. l\fieu ta bai toan

Mot k t du din mai vom khong gian co hinh ng tren m t b5ng la hinh tron, ducmg
kinh rn t ph.ing day la 100m, duong kinh mJt du la 100m, chi!u cao vurn 6,7m, goc trung
tam m t cfm la 60 d9. Phan tich 6n djnh k€t du dim. Cho bi€t:
V?t li u thep: mo dun dim h6i E = 2,lxJ08kN/m2; h s6 Poissonµ= 0,3; mo dun cit
G = 8xl 07kN/rn2; kh6i lm;n,g riengp - 7,800T/m3.
Thanh din dang 6ng thep trcm: thanh hu6ng vong va hu6ng kinh c6 ban kinh trong
R1 = 0,09m, ban kinh ngoai R0 = 0,0925m; thanh nGi xien cu ban kinh trong R1 = 0,08m,
ban kinh ngoai R0 = 0,083m.
Luu y: dung phfin tu dfim BEAM188 d mo phong h dan. Cfrn chu y la d6i vai phfin tu:
nay cftn chi dinh phuong ctla diSm nut.
4.7.2. Thl}'C hi?n bai to.in theu phU'O'Dg thuc APDL
FINISH
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,GIAN_ VOM
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC GIAN MAI VOM KHONG GIAN
!Nh$p tham s6 ban dau
Fl=5
R=50 !m, ban kfnh day vom
THETA=15
E=2.1E8 !kN/m2, mo dun clan hOi
M=0.3 !H s6 Poisson
G=8E7 !kN/m:1, m6 dun c t
D=O !T/m3, kh6i lu•qng rieng
/PREP7
ET,1,BEAM188 !Ph.tin tll' dctim 3-D
MP,EX,1,E !D!nh nghTa v t li u
MP,PRXY,1,M $MP.DENS,1,D $MP,GXY,G
SECTYPE,1,BEAM,CTUBE,SECT1,0

1
SECOFFSETCENT
SECDATA,0.09,0.0925,36
SECTYPE,2,BEAM,CTUBE,SECT2,0
SECOFFSET,CENT
SECDATA,0.08,0.083,36
CSYS,2
*DO,I,1,6
*DO,J,1,24,1
N,24*(I-1)+J,R,(J-1)*THETA,(1-1)*Fl+60
*ENDDO
*ENDDO

ANSYS
R16.0
,.
;;f; . !.:,4

Hinh 4.37. T(!,O (tidm nut

N,2000,100,0,90
TYPE,1 !M c d!nh ph n tll', v t li$u, m t c t
MAT,1 $SECNUM,1
'T o ph n tll' hu 6ng vong
1

*DO,I,1,6
*DO,J,1,23,1
E,24*(I-1)+J,24*(1-1)+J+1,2000
*ENDDO
E,I*24,I*24-23,2000
*ENDDO
!T o ph n tLP hLYcmg tam
*DO,I,1,5
*DO,J,1,24,1
E,24*(I-1)+J,24*(1-1)+J+24,2000
*ENDDO
*ENDDO

10
 N, 1000,50,0,90
*DO,I,121,144,1
E,I,1000,2000
*ENDDO

ANSYS ANSYS
Rt6.Q Rlfj,0

,
J"'/
.:
I
I
L
t'
\\,., o
\

Hinh 4.38. T(lo phfm tu hu6ng vong mnh 4.39. T(IO pluin tir hu6ng tam
SECNUM,2
!M c djnh m t cat
!T o ph n tl.l'
xien
*DO,I,1,5
*DO,J,1,23,1
E,24*(1-1)+J,24*(1-1)+J+25,2000
*ENDDO
E,1*24,1*24+1,2000
*ENDDO
NUMMRG.ALL
NUMCMP,ALL
FINISH
SAVE,GIAN_VOM,db
W>!ESTS ANSY
Rl6 .
ANSY
Hinh 4.40. ,\1i) hinhRl6.phcin tu· hfru h(m kit cciu d/m

..;,., -...;. ,,_-.-1 -

,. 01,_:J1:-'i > ;:, l """

1
/SOLU
NSEL,S,.,1,24
D,ALL,,0,,,,UX,UY,UZ,,, !Gan bien chan vom
ALLSEL
SAVE,GIAN_VOM,db
(1) Phan tfch on djnh
rieng
!Gan tai tn;mg
/SOLU
NSEL,U,,,1,24
!Gan tai trc;mg cfon vi theo phL.fO'ng nglfC;YC chieu tn,.1c Z
F,ALL,FZ,-1
ALLSEL
!PMn tfch tinh
ANTYPE,0
SOLVE
FINISH
E::.flIDr.3 ANSYS
P.16.0

Hinh 4.41. Gan l1iJu kiin bien kh&p va ttii trqng mil
!K€!t qua tfnh loan tTnh v&i tai trqng nut b ng 1 dO'n vi
/POST1
PLDISP,0!Hlnh d('.lng chuyen vi vom FINISH

ANSYS ANSVS
I?r-1 Rtr"i.O Rlv.O
ru:. -1
111£--1
lW. , ,C i"ll

...,.,.,.- --- ............

Hinh 4.42. Biin d<;mg vom khi chju tac dwzg Clta lai lrr)ng t'i'nh

11
 !Phan tfch 6n dinh rieng
/SOLU
ANTYPE,1
BUCOPT,SUBSP,3,0,0,CENTER
MXPAND,3,0,0,0,0.001,
SOLVE
FINISH
!K t qua tinh loan tai trc;mg t&i h9n
/POST1
SET.LIST

Do tai tn:mg gan a phfa tren la tai tn:mg dan vi, vi v y lfiy gia tri ti I cua huac dao d()ng
thtr nhat trong hinh 4.43 xem la tai tr9ng t&i h n ct1a m6 hinh b ng 97,074x I = 97 ,074kN.
,f\ SET,JST Ce>mn·ar,d X
File

........... IHDEX OF DflTA 8EIS OH RESULTS FILE -

SETIIHE/FJIEQ LOAD STEP SUDSTEP CUNULAIIUE
197 .R?-1 1 1 1
29?.0?4 1 2 2
'.3 120 .11'1 1 '.I 3

m,rlt 4.43. Tai tr9ng Un h(ln

!Tr ng thai 6n d!
nh
SET,,,.,,,1 !Trc;ing thai 6n djnh blf6'c 1
SET,,,,,,,2
!Tr ng thai 6n dlnh bLJ16'c 2
SET,,,,,,,3
!Tr,:ing thai 6n djnh blfO'C3
FINISH
K€t qua cho iJ hinh 4.44 d6n 4.46.

ANSYS ANSYS
su: -1 16.0 Rl5.0
S:"5 •l
r. • 7.0 :3 t',1.r_:-:-,·.ijY
DJ£ -. !i •t3::0

1-Iinh 4.44. Trc,mg thai 6n ajnh bz.rac 1

1
 ANSYS
R16.0
:'11f'. =-
nc1-;r.01.3
1)'!_... -1..IJ lt

l
r.- p·Z.,r'.Ml'.\- ANSVS
:7.:EP-l
f! ::1
Rl6.0

Hinh 4.45. Tr(Jng thiti Jn <1f nh lnr.lrc 2

ANSYS D: PUCTM:Etrr ANSYS
R16.C :-:-Er-: R16.0
!i:"O -:
n.CT::12:. es
tM!:,-1 !'Al ·• :.!IJ.Hl!-1
riH{ -:.

ffinh 4.46. Tr<;mg thai 6n ajnh buac 3

11
 Clurung 5
PHAN TiCH KET cAu KHUNG

5.1. PHAN TiCH KET cAu KHUNG PHANG THEO PHU'ONG PHf\P PTHH

5.1.1. Roi r c hoa k t cAu

N6i chung d6i v&i klnmg ph ng n,r hinh thanh ph§n hr, thong thm:mg m6i m9t do?D
thfulg cung m t c t xem la m{lt phfin tfr, cac phfin tir lien k@t v6i nhau t i diSm nut va
thong qua g6i dS n6i ti@p v6i. n n. Vi v:,ly diSm nut phin tu la diSm lien tl,lc cua cac
thanh, di m thay d6i m t dt va di2m g6i cua k l du. Doi khi di m Illll Cung c6 th6 n m
trong ph n tu thanh d lam m9t vai cong vi c d c bi¢t nhu l y k t qua, tac d\lng h,rc P
trung... Vi d\l nhu thanh
c6 m t c t thay d6i, chia thanh thanh nhiSu do n, m t c t trong m6i do n xem la rn t dt
d u. hay thanh c6 m t ciit thay d&i gf¼n dung c6 thS dung vai m t dt dS thay tht D6i
v6i thanh cung m t dt dBu c6 thG <lt'.mg cac du n thanh thfing d8 thay the?, bi n phap nay
co the
thu dugc k t qua tinh toan gfin di'.mg kha chinh xac. Hinh 5.1 th hi n m9t khung ph ng
trong d6 c6 danh ma s6 di@m nut va phfin tu.

2 3

(6) (j) @
7 8 9
;7;5'7.77 //

1-flnh 5.1. Afii. didm nut, ma phdn tzi' Clia khung ph!in{?

5.1.2. Phan ticb d c tinh phfin tu

Phan tich d c tinh phin tfr chit y8u la xay dvng ma tr n d◊ ctmg ph n tu.
Hinh 5.2 th
hi n m9t phfin tu di n hinh ® cua khung phfing. Trong phfin rurna di m m'.1t dfiuphlin hr
ky hi?u la i, ma di6m nllt cu6i ph n tfr ky hi?u laj, phuong d9c tr ,c thrulh la ln,tc X, xoay

1
tr IC x nguqc chi u kim d6ng h6 90° la tn,1c y, x1y t o thanh h t<;>a do phin tu.

11
 Trong h t9a d9 bi u thi o hinh 5.2, m6i m9t di m nutct1a phfin tfr klmng phfing co ba thanh
, , -e -e , -e
phan hrc dau thanh, hrc Fx, Fy theo phuong U11C X, y va mo men uon A1 ; Tuong (mg v6i
di u nay m6i m(>t di8m n{it cua phftn hr co ba thanh phftn chuy6n vi dftu thanh, hay chuySn
vi ue, ve thco phuang tr9c x, y va chuy6n vi xoay jje. \1cc ta Ive d:'.iu phfin ur thanh va vcc
to chuyen vjdfiu phfin tu thanh trong h9 t9a dQ hlnb 5.2a cho & bi u thirc du&i day:

{F)' =1r Fl'l

Jf=k:, Fy; .M.1 Fxi Fyi A1 r
-e -e -e -e
(5.1)
ILF1
f 1
{-· }
{
<'
=
-e
.U.. r = uie
I -V-e 0-e -e -e ee( (5.2)

llu; I I uJ vJ .J

(a) (b)

Hinh 5.2. L rc va chuyJn vi ,n,t cua phdn tll' ttidn hinh cua kit cdu da.n phimg
Phuong cita l rc dftu thanh va chuy6n vi dftu thanh d6u quy dinh cung chieu v&i chi u
du-ang cua h t9a d9 la duong, goc xoay thu n kimd6ng h6 la duang, nguqc 1 la fun.
M&i m9t di m nut trong h t9a d9 t6ng thS c6 ba thanh phfin h,rc dilu thanh g6m lvc
F:,, F; theo phmmg trvc x, y va mo men u6n A/1; Tuong frng v&i di8u nay m6i m9t
di8m n(1t cC1a ph:ln tfr c6 ba thanh ph:ln chuy6n vi dftu thanh, chuy6n vi 1/, ve lhco phuong
tn,1c x, y va
chuyen vi xoay (J nhu bi u thi i:J hinh 5.2b. Vec to h,rc va vec ta chuySn vi d§.u phftn tu
thanh c1h l<lmng ph ng trong h t9a d9 t6ng th cha & bi6u thfrc du6i day:

(5.3)

(5.4)

1
 Kbi xay d\rng ma tr n l1Q cirng phAn hr cita phfin tir tha:nh trong khung ph ng trong h t9a
d9 phfin tu c6 th& su d\mg plmang trlnh chuy n vi g6c xoay trong co h9c k6t du, cung c6
the si'.r d mg nguycn ly c6ng kha di'.

5.1.2.1. Ph&n tu· thanh chiu keo nen

Hinh 5.3 thS hi n 1119t phin tu thanh c6 chi u dai l, cac diSrn sinh chuyJn vj d9c va h t9a
d9 nlm trong hinh ve. Chuyen vi ciftu i vaj 15.n lu(_)'t la u/1 va uj', ciSu theo chi u ducmg
ave
x. Do v y chi c6 hai chuy n vi dfi,u thanh xem la tham s6, c6 thJ gftn dung l&y u(x) thay
d6i tuy€n tinh, tlTC la:

(5.5)
trong d6: ao, lli la. tham s6. Su d\mg u(.x) a dfrn thanh din thoa man di u ki n, c6 thS d11ng
chuy n vjdfiu thanh thay thS a0, a1. d diu thanh dn c6:
u(o) = u/\ u(l) = u;
C6 th6 giai ra:

D ra vao k t qua tren c6 th! thu dLrgc biJu thirc chuy6n vi m<}t di m bftt k5r la tham s6
chuy n vi d u thanh, vi€t du&i d mg ma tr?n la:

(5.6)

trong d6:

1\
-,..T
iu X -(-)-1 -x/ , u (-:)-
:.Y ju X - x{
Niu (x), lV;)x) lin hrQ't bieu thi khi chuyJn vi di6m nut i ho c j Ii 1 don vi, quy lu

t thay d:6i cac chuyJn v) di m trong phfu1 tu g9i la ham d ng, ma tr n [ Ni (x) 1VJ (x)J
11 11

g<;>i la ma tr n ham d ng.

Ngoai ra tren thvc tS bi6u thirc u(x) la
m◊t cong thuc noi suy, u(x) c6 th xem
nhu la sfr d mg gia trj diSm nut dS ti n
hanh n9i suy, vi v y NiJx). NJ,/x) cGng ..
X

thucmg g9i la ham s6 n<}i suy,

[Nh/x) Nju (x)] g9i la ma tr ham Sb
fflnh 5.3. J'lzanh keo nen d9c tn._1,c
m)i suy.

11
 5.1.2.2. Phan tii' thanh chfu u6n ph&ng
Hinh 5.4 th6 hi9n phfin tir thanh ij, h9 t9a 09 cho & trcn hinh vc (plmong d9c twc thanh la
tqu.: X, xoay tr IC X ngU()'C chi6u kim u6ng h6 90° la twc y). Chuy€n vi th ng t:lla hai uiGm

nut va g6c xoay lfin lu9t la. e, w· va 0/, 0J'. Quy dinh chuySn v1 thing la duong khi
cung
chi6u v&i ln,tc y, g6c xoay lhu n kimd6ng h6 la duong. T6ng ct)ng c6 4 lham s6 tmmg (mg
& dJu thanh, l y chuyen vi cua m9t di m b t ky trong ph§n lLt v( x) la ham s6 b?c 3 dta
x. hay la:

v(x) = ao + a1X + a2x2+ a3x3 (5.7)

LAy G?,O ham theo X ta duc;rc:

(5.8)

fflnh 5.4. Phii.n tt,i:thanh ui.5n phting

06 cho ham s6 chuy n vi phu hqp diSu ki n bien, c n thanh l p cac cong thuc du6i day:

v . = v(x)Ix-=O ;;;;: a0
1

(5.9)

=. av(x) ,,
0I fr = a1 + 2aif +
3a3'~
. ,X x=i )

Giai d6ng thm biSu thuc tren duqc a0, a2, a3, a4 sau d6 thay vao biSu thu:c (5.7) theo tham
s6 chuy€n vi d u thanh, viSt du&i d ng matr n nhusau:

7
0i
v(x)= [Ni (:x) N,0(x) N_;v(x) N_;o(x)] (5.10)
vj

1
eju

11
trong
d6:
-2 2-3 2-2 -31
iv X -
JVll.r (-)-t--
. ,2 +
'X z3 'i\ 71.T
i0 X - (-)------2._
X l + z2

r ---:- _ _ 3_ , ,
:: _ ::
2-·
r l
-
_ , -•
x ~
Ir
, 1v ;·o( X)- + -,
z II
A ,·v( X)
· - z,- l' · l '.!

,·rviv ( x) la ham d ng cuaph n tu thanh tuong (mg v&i ½ = 1, chuy€n vj d u thanh khac
b ng 0. Y nghfa h,nh h9c cu.a 3 ham d?,ng khac tmmg tµ. Trong vfin d n(>i suy toan h9c,
g<;>i Niv (x),..., Nje (x) la ham s6 rn)i suy Hermite.

5.1.2.3. Phim tir thanli tl6ng thin if tn;ng tluii keo, nen v,, ubn
Trong gi&i h n k t ciu dan h6i c6 th xem tr ng th:ii bi€n d:,mg keo (nen) doc tf\lc v6i
u6n trong ph n t(r lhanh kh6ng anh huung l§n nhau, diCu nay chi dn l6ng hqp hai lo i ham
d,;mg a tren. Lfiy Je vae Hln lu9t biJu thj vec to- chuySn vi cua m()t di m nao do va
vec to chuy n vi dftu thanh sau khi t6ng hc.rp:

Theo vi tri cua cac ph n tu trong hai vec to tren, ham s6 tr:,ing thai thich hqp khi t6 h9p
bi n hinh hu6ng dQc, hucmg ngang, thu duqc:

ho c vi t don gian thanh:

(5.11)

trong d6: ]\I la ma. tr n ham d ng.

5.1.2.4. BiJ11 dq,ng va ung suiit

Xcm xcl biCn d ng lhco chi6u dai cua ph n li'.r c6 th<3 phan thanh hai lo i bi0n d ng kco
nen &ova bi n d ng u6n &b (bo qua bi n dc:ing dt), t,a c6:

(5.12)

1
trong d6:
1 1 o l
-v(
0 0 0
[BJ= -( 6 12:r) 6v) l ( 2 6X)
l
-( 4
-
0 -y - ,2 +T - -- +- - -
I ,2 .. 12
l;) -y -T+7
v.. .
0 12
Ung su§t tLrong {mg v6i hai thanh phfin bien d mg & tren la:

(5.13)

5.1.2.5. Ung d(mg 11guye11 ly cong khii df

DlJa vao nguyen ly c6ng kha dT, n@u phfin tu t?-i vj tri can bling du&i tac d1,mg cua h,rc nut
thi cong cua ngo(,li h,rc bAng cong cua noi l rc.
Ch9n m9t trm:mg chuy6n vi kha di bit ky:

BiSn d:,mg khi dT tuong u:ng v&i chuySn vi kha di { X}e la E•= [ B} {-s,_•}e , cong ngo i
sinh ra do l\rc nut{ F}e v&i dich chuy n kha
la:
di{J*e}
(-···}'' )T( -}e
fJt go h;rc =( l _ \
Cong n9i lgctrong the tich ctan vi la:

'
d1411(,i fur -.- { C ;=-
* }Tla}
T6ng cong n◊i h,rc la:
rt oi luc = f dw ·.1. . = f {E...}T fl ff}dw
rzm l/C
• . V V
X
e
m
xe
t

12
 d6n tinh tu do ci'ia { ,1} e, ta co:

(5.14)

1
trong d6:

[i<.J = L[Br[D][B}iw
Khai tri n ta
c6:
EA
- --
EA l
0 0 0 0
l l
12£1 6£1 12£1 6EI
0 ---
/3 72 0 --- ---
z3 ,2
GE! 4El 6El 2ET
0 --- --
0 --

[k]= [2 l z2
(5.15)
--
EA l
EA
0 0 - 0 0
l l
12£1 6£1 12£1 6£1
0 ---
0 , /3 12
13
6£1 2EI 6EI 4EI
0 --- --
0
12 l 12 l J
5.1.3. JV(a trJn chuy n d6i tqa d<} cua ph n ttr khung phlng

Hinh 5.5 th8 hi?n l\rt; l?i d u i dia phan tfr thanh lrnng khung ph ng trong hai h t9a d0,
g6c giifa tn;1c x va x la a, quy dinh g6c a tu chiSu duo-ng tn,1.c x xoay d n chiSu du011g
t11_1c x ngu9c chiSu kim d6ng h6 la duong, bi u thuc quan h gifra h,rc d&u thanh trong h toa
d<} t6ng the voi l\rc dau thanh trong h ti;m d9 phan tfr la:

(5.16)

Do l1,ft va M kJ16ng lien quan d n phucmg tn,1c t<;>a de\ vi v y Mt= M7.
y

y\ _3-.-
e i ®F ; j
X
FXI
t
e - e e -----11-...

-FXeI F. M= M
YI I I

12
 In11h 5.5. L1_,1·c ddu thanh czia phfin tu· khung phling trong hai h¢ t9a a(J

1
 Tuong h_r d6i vcri d§.u j c11a phAn tir cling c6 th vi€t nhu sau:
-e l
Fx; =J,;cosa+ F;sina
FYeJ·- --
Fxej"•·1·n,, + FYei.l.O"" (5.17)
I
l
< u

Mj=M} \
Nhu v y c6 th thu duqc ma tr n chuy n d6i t9a d(> cua phiin tir khung philng la:

cosa sina 0 0 0 01
-sina cosa 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0
[T]= 0 0 0 cosa sina 0 (5.18)
0 0 0 -sina cosa 0
0 0 0 0 0 lj
hay:

-el
Fxi F\ l
-e cosa szna
0
0 0 0 Fe
Fyi yi
-sina cosa 0 0 0 0
-e
0 0 1 0 0 0 lvfe
(Hi = (5.19a)
-e 0 0 0 cosa sina 0
Fxi Fx;
-e 0 0 0 -sina cosa 0 pe
Yi
FyJ
-e
0 0 0 0 J1 -
lAf j
0 [_NfjJ
J

NSu dung h,rc d u phin ti'.r thanh trong h t9a dq ph§n tir bi u thi h_rc diu phfin tu thanh
trong h t9a d◊ t6ng th6:
-el
Fxi
FXI
Fe. cosa -sina 0 0 0 ol -e
yr Fyi
sina cosa 0 0 0 0
Ar l I 0 0 1 0 0
-e
0 A,1il (5.19b)
-
pe -r.
pe_ 0 0
XJ YJ
0

12
 cosa -sina 0 -t: ( -e
Fx; FyJ
0 0 0 sina cosa 0 -e
t_M lA1;J
0 0 0 0 0 1 J

1
 5.1.4. Phan ttch t6ng th k t c§u khung phing

5.1.4.1. Tai tr9ng nut tll'O'ng du:o'ng cua ph{m fir klrung phii:ng

Sau khi ti€n hanh phan ticb di;'ic tinh ph§n tfr dn phai l y ma tr n d9 Cl'.mg ph&n tu va vec
ta tai tr9ng nut phin tu l&n luQi: ghep 1161 thanh ma tr n d9 cung t6ng th va vec tcr tai trc,rng
nut t6ng thS, sau d6 gan di u ki n bien va giai phuong trinh d thu duqc chuy n vi nut, cu6i
ctmg dva vao chuyBn vi ni1t tinh toan n9i l\TC ph n tir. D6i voi tai tr9ng nitt tac d\mg tren
khung, phuang phap xu ly tai tr9ng nay la tn,rc ti6p xcm la vcc to ta.i tr9ng nut tich hqp vao
trong vec to- tai tn;mg t6ng thJ.
Quy dinh trong khung ph ng: l\rc tac <l\mg tren nut cimg phmmg v6'i t9a d(> t6ng the
mang dfiu duong, m6 men tac d\mg tren nllt thu n chi u kim d6ng h6 la dm:mg. Vi d\l nbu
hinh 5.6 thS hi n t i di m nut 4 cua khung phing chiu tac d1,1ng cua F2, F, va M thi vec to-
tai
tr9ng diem nut cua diem 4 Ja { F2 - F3 M}r .

0
i'
4
M
E
N

G) 0
E
C\I

5 X

1- 3
.I. 4m .1
Hinh 5.6. Kdt cdu khung ph(mg

Tren khung phi1ng ngoai tac dt_mg cua tai tr9ng nut vfin c6 tai tr9ng tac dµng ngoai nut,
luc nay cin chuy n tai trong ngoai nut v! tai tn,mg nut tuong duong sau d6 m&i ti€n hanh
phan lich t6ng th6 k6t du.
Khi xac djnh tai tr9ng nut tuo11g du011g cua phfin tu khung ph ng, dfiu tien gan rang bu9c
c6 dinh & hai dftu diSm nut phftn m, diSm nut khong thS sinh chuy n vi thing vi chuy n vi
xoay, ph n tCr nay tr6 thanh dfim sicu tinh dinh c6 Ltinh a hai dfiu, dLmg phuong phap co h9c
k@t cfiu dS tinh toan lvc dfiu thanh cua phfin tu. L\rc nay do tac d1;mg tai tr9ng ngoai n11t sinh
ra con g9i la hrc d u c6 dinh phin tu: trong h t9a d9 c1,1c b◊, sau khi tiSn hinh chuy n t9a
dQ nhan voi -1 tro thanh tai tr9ng m'.1t n:rong duong ct'.1a µh n ti:r, c6 th bi6u thi theo
c6ng thfrc du6i day:
12
 (5.20)

trong d6:
{ P}eq - tai tr<;mg nut tuang ducmg cu.a phftn tu:;

{ F} g - h,Tc dfi.u c6 dinh cua ph n tu.

5.1.4.2. Xu·Ty win dJ chuyJn vj xiii

86i v6i khung ph ng do chuy n vi g6i dfi'.n d n n9i lµc k t du, co th 1§.y chuySn vi g6i
chuyJn thanh tai tr9ng nut tu011g du011g. Cac bu&c cµ th6 nhu dtrai day:
- Lfiy chuy6n vi g6i chuy€n thanh chuy€n vi dfi.u thanh ct1a cac ph.ln tu n6i v6i diem g6i
trong h t9a d9 ph n ttr;
- Tra bang thu duqc Ive aliu c6 djnh cua cac phiin tit, liy lvc diiu cf> djnh chuy6n thanh tai
tr9ng nut tuo-ng du011g cu.a phiin tu:;
- L&y tai tn,mg n(1t tmmg c.tuong cua cac ph§n tfr ghep vao trong vec t0 t{ti tn,mg trong h
h,>a dt) t6ng thi?, sau do ti<?n hanh phan tich kf:t c£lll.
5.1.4.3. Vee td djnh vi ph6-n tii: va d'ij,c diim cua plurung phap XU' Ty trll'O'C

C6 th n6i d6i v6i khung ph:lng, chuy@n vi nut cua kSt du c6 th phan thanh chuy n vi
c.tiJm nut ti.,r do va chuy6n vi diem nut g6i d& (hay con g9i la chuyJn vi di6m nut rang
bu(>c). Chuy@n vi di€m nut tv do la chua biJt, chuy€n vi diJm nut g6i do la da biSt.
Phuong phap (hiSt l p phLmng trinh ma tr n d9 cl'.rng t6ng th6 tinh toan chuyen vi diJm nut
chua biSt co hai lo{li: "phuang phap XU ly tm&c" va '"plnrang phap XU ly sau". Phuang
phap XU ly sau la sau khi lfiy ma tr n d9 cung phiin tir ghep tha.nh ma tr n d9 cung t6ng
thS m6i cbinh sira di u ki n bien, cu6i cung dung phuang trinh d9 cfrng t6ng thS da chinh
sua dS tfnh toan chuySn vi di m nut t1,r do.
Khi sfr d mg phu0ng phap xi'.r ly tnr&c, chi danh ma d6i v6'i thanh ph:ln chuyJn vj rn'.tt t r
do chua biet, trong VCC ta chuyen vt Illlt thu auqc kh6ng bao ham thanh ph n chuyen vi
diSm nut g6i da bi t. Do khi thiSt l p phuang tr,nh d(l cung phfm tu va phuang trinh d9
cung tfing th€, d5u tien da xem xet di u ki n bien vi v y phum,g trinh do cung t6ng the thu
dtrgc da thJ hi n "phtrang trinh d<) cung t6ng the da chinh sua", dt\ng n6 c6 the trµc ti6p
giai vec to chuyen vi nilt t\X do.

5.1.4.4. ,"tfa tr{in ii{) ckng tJng thJ cua khcdu plrlmg
Sau khi ti n hanh phfin tich d c tinh phfin tir dS dua ra ma tr .n d9 cirng phfin tu cfin phai
tiSn hanh phan tich t6ng th . Lay phuang phap xu ly sau lam vi dµ, lfiy phful tfr roi r c l i
t p hqpthanh k t cfiu ban diu, thoa man di u ki n lien t\,lc chuySn vi cu.a diSm nut k€t du
va dieu ki n can btng, tLr du thu duqc phuang trinh ma tr n d0 cCrng t6ng th6 k2t c&u da
chinh sfra.

1
 5.1.4.5. Tinh toan n{ii It.re kit diu
Lvc aiu phin tu thanh cu.a kSt cAu khung phing g6m hai thanh ph&n: Ive dfru thaah do
chuy n vi diu phftn tu sinh ra; hJc dftu c6 djnh phin tu sinh ra do tai tn;mg ngoai di m nut.
Sau khi giai ra chuy n vi di m ni1t cua k t du, dva vao cht s6 du6i Clla vec to dinh vi
phiin tu: c6 thS d dang lfry ra chuyJn vi d u phftn tiT thanh e tir trong 11, va giai ra hw dau
phftn tu: thanh P trong h t9a d9 t6ng th6, sau khi chuyen d6i h t9a d(> c6 the thu du9·c lvc
dfiu thanh Fe trong h t9a dQ phfi.n tu, lµc dfiu thanh sinh ra do tac d1;mg tai trc;mg ngoai
di m nut tren ph§n tu c6 th tra bang. Cong kSt qua hai thanh ph§n duQ'c t6ng h,rc d§u
thanh ci1a phin tu:
-e e
F =Tk .L1 , -e g (5.21)
+
T6ng k t cac bu6c tinh toan ph§n tu hfru h:}.n kSt d.u khung ph5ng nhu sau:
- Xac dinh h t9a ct◊ t6ng thJ va h t9a dt) phfin tfr, tiJn hanh danh ma sO diem n(1t va
phin tu chok t du;
- Th6ng nhfit ma vec to chuySn vj nut va xac dinh vec ta dinh vi cu.a cac phftn tu:;
- Giai ma tr n d◊cfrng ph n tu If trong h t9a d◊ t6ng th<?;
- Sfr d1,mg vec to dinh vi phAn nr ghep thanh ma tr .n d9 drng kJt du K;
- Hinh thanh vec ta t6ng tai trQng ntlt P ciia k t du;
- Giai h phum1g tr1nh tuy n tinh K = P, giai ra chuyJn vi di m nut ;
- Tinh toan l rc d u phin ttr thanh Fe.
5.1.5. Vi di) bing s6
Tinh toan nOi hrc khung ph ng cho a hinh 5.7. Do dmg chju keo d9c tr ,c EA va do ct'.mg
ch6ng u6n El ct1a cac thanh nhu sau:
Phin tu Q): EA= 5,2x 106l<N; ET= 1,6xl05kN.ni2
Phin tu@: EA= 4,5xl06kN; EI= 1,25xl05kN.m2
Phfui tu@: EA= 3,6xI06kN; El= 0,96xI05kN.ni2
Mo dun dan h6i cua cac thanh d), ®,@ b ng nhau, E = 2,0xl08kN/m2.
I. Ti n hanh danh ma s6 diGm nul va phin tLr kJt du nhu hinh 5.7 d6ng lhai xac dinh h
t9a d9 t6ng th va h t9a d9 ph;:\n tfr cCm k t diu.
2. D6i v6'i thanh phAn chuySn vi nut th6ng nhit ma s6 va xac dinh vec ta dinh vi phtin tu.
Ma s6 thanh phin chuy n vi nut duqc vi€t iJ trong ngo c don hinh 5.7, vec to dinh vi cac
ph n tu la:
Phfrn tu Q): (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7);
Phin tu@: (0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3);
Ph n tt'r @: (0, 0, 8, 5, 6, 7).

12
 lSkN/m

4(5,6,7)

Hinh 5.7. SO' a6 tinh toan kit cdu khung phdng

3. Ma tr d(> c(rng cac phful tfr trong h tc,>a d◊ tOng thJ la:
2 4 5 6 7
1300 0 0 -1300 0 o lt
0 30 -60 0 -30 -60 2
1 0 -60 160 0 60 80 4
[k] =103x -1300 0 0 1300 0 0 5
0 -30 60 0 30 60 6
0 -60 80 0 60 160J7

0 0 0 1 2 3
331,68 426,64 24 -331,68 -426,24 24 lO
426,64 580,32 -18 -426,24 -58,32 -18 0
[kJ2 =103 X 24 -18 100 -24 18 50 0
-331,68 426,24 -24 331,68 426,24 -24 1
-426,64 -580,32 18 426,24 580,32 18 2
24 -18 50 -24 18 100J3

0 0 8 5 6 7
18 0 36 -18 0 36 lO
0 900 0 0 -900 0 0
0 0 96 -36 0 48 8
[ k]3 =] 03 x
36 0 -36 18 0 -36 5
-18 -900 0 0 900 0 6
36 0 48 -36 0 96 J7

1
 4. Sir dw1g vec ta dtnh vj ph n tfr t o ma tr n d9 cung kft du K

Liy vec ta dinh vi phin tir lin lu9t vi t vio phia tren vi ben phai ma tr n d9 cung phin
lLr. Hi6n nhien thanh phin khac khong trong vec ta dinh vi phfin lLr cL1a ma lr n d(> cl'.rng
ph:in tu [ k]" duqc dua ra kh6j ma hang vi ma cot trong ma tr n do cu.11g k t du. Sau d6
thu du9c ma tr n d9cirng kJt cAu c11a khung phfmg nhu du&i day:

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1631,68 426,24 -24 0 -1300 0 0 0 11
426,24 610,32 18 -60 0 -30 -60 0 2
-24 18 100 0 0 0 0 0 3
K =103 X 0 -60 0 160 0 60 80 0 4
-1300 0 0 0 1318 0 -36 -36 5
0 -30 0 60 0 930 60 0 6
0 -60 0 80 -36 60 256 48 7
0 0 0 0 -36 0 48 96 LJ 8

5. Xac dinh vec to t6ng tai tn;mg nut P cua k t ciu

Lgc dfiu c6 d:inh cua phAn tu F tinh toan nhu du6i day:

Ph n tfr <D: q = -18 kNim, a= 4m, I= 4m.

Phfin tu @: Lfiy thanh phfin h,rc t p trung nfim ngang phan thanh hai thanh phfin theo
plurcmg d9c t:r\JcP1 va vu6ng goc vai tna1c P2, rue la P1 = 15kN, P 2 = -20kN, a= 2,5m, l =
5m. Dung phuong phap tra bang co thS thu dugc:
. o1 . -7,5 1
36 10
-l_J-24l -2 _)-12,5\. -3
Fg-1 . r, Fg- _ r, Fg=O
0 -7,':>
36 10
l 24 l 12,s J
J

Tai tn;mg di m nut tuo11g duong cua phfin tu c6 th tinh toin theo cong thfrc du6·i day:

Phfin tfr <D: sin a = O; cos a= 1; T la ma tr n donvt.

Phin tfr @: sin a= 0,8; cos a= 0,6.

13
 [ o l 1 01 0
-36 2 0 0
- -F g - 4
_ -1 - 24' r 0 8
p lq =
P'q i r
0 5 0 5
-36 6 0 6
l-24J 7 lOJ 7

0,6 -0,8 0
[7 - 1, 5 l [ 12,5 lo
0,8 0,6 0 10 0 0
p2q = 0 J-12,5l_J 12,5 \0
0 0 1
1
0.6 -0,8 0 - 7 5r- ) 12 5 r 1
' '
0 0.8 0,6 0 10 0 2
0 0 I J l 12,5 j l-12,sJ 3

Sudt,mg vec to dinh vi phfin tir, tu Peg ghep thanh vec to t6ng tai tnmg nut nhu sau:

- 12,s l
-36
-12,5
24
P=
0
-36
-24
l o J
6. Gia1 h plmong trinh tuySn tinh:

1631,68 426,24 -24 0 -1300 0 0 0 7 U2 'I 12_.5 l

426,24 610,32 18 -60 0 -30 -60 0 Vz -36
-24 18 100 0 0 0 0 0 f:)2 -12,5
0 -60 0 160 0 60 80 0 03 l.- 24
103x !)
1 ( - r
-1300 0 0 0 1318 -36 -36 U4
0 1
0
0 -30 0 60 0 930 60 0 V4 -36
0 -60 0 80 -36 60 256 48 04 -24
0 0 0 0 -36 0 48 96 U l05 J l 0
1
 KSt qua tinh roan chuy n vt n(n nhu sau:

U2) 2,18397 l
v,., -l,66367
.

02 0,69861
J 03l J -0,33552l _3
=J (=J rxlO
U4 2,17319
V4 -0, 05557
04 -0,23503
l0 5 l o,93246
trong d6: don vi chuyJn vi thing u, v la met; g6c xoay 0 don vi la rad.
7. Tinh toan life d&u ph&n tu thanh Fe
Biu tien tinb toan F" cua cac phin tu sau d6 tinh Fe.

l
Phfrn tu
0):
1300 0 0 1300 0 0 2,18397'
0 30 -60 0 -30 -60 -1,66367

F1 =103x 0-60 160 0 60 80 J -0,33552l _3

(X 10
-1300 0 0 1300 0 0 2,}7319
0 -30 60 0 30 60 -0,05557
0 -60 80 0 60 160J l-o,23so3J

r 14,01 l
-14,01
_)24,00l.
1
- -14,0l'

14,01
l 32,04 J

l
Do ma tr?n chuyJn d6i toa

Fl =T.Fl+Fe =
do clla ph n1tfro40:i, 1 lal rmaotr?n doTI

g
-14,01
24,00 r+ -24r=
-14,01 0
36

0
-14,01
r
l
1 4ovi,
, vi
21,99

14.. 01 36
50,01
l 32, 04 J l 24 J l 56,04 J

13
 Phfin nr :
331,68
426, 24
426,24
580,32
24 -331,68
-] -426,24
-426,24
} 4
-580,32 1
lr l
8
F2 =103x 24 -18 100 -24 18 50 J Q l 10-3
-331,68 -426,24 -24 331,68 426,24 -24 2,18397 (X

-426,.24 -580,32 18 426,24 580,32 18 -1,66367

24 -18 50 -24 18
l00J l 0,69861 .J
1, s1 l
21,99
= ri -47,43f
-1,51
-21,99
l 12,50 J
0,6 0,8 0
-0,8 0,6 0
lr 1.51 lr-7.5l r 10,99 l
0 21,99 10 21,.99
-2 2 -2 0 0 -47,43r+ -12,rs= -s ,93
F =T.F +Fg = 1
0,6 0,8 0 -1,51 -7,5 -2),99
-0,8 0,6 0 -21,99 lO -1,99
0
0 0 lj l 12,50 J l 12,5 J l O J
Phfin Ur@:

18 0 36 -18 0 36 l 0 l r-14,01]
0 900 0 0 -900 0 0 50,01

p3 = 103 X 36 0 96 -36 0 48 0,98264 xlO-3 J 0

l -- 14,01
-18 0 -36 18 0 -36 2,17319 ( -50,01
0 -900 0 0 900 0 -0,05557 l-s6,o4J
36 0 48 -36 0 96 J l-o,23503J
0 1 0 l-14,0ll 50,0 l l
-1 0 0 0 50,01 14,01
0 0
F
3
= TF3 = 0 0
0 1 0 i 14 01 = i -50 01
' '
0 -1 0 0 -50,01 -14,01
0 0 lJ l-56,04J l-56,04J
lrong d6: don vi 11,fc d9c va l rc dit ct1u lhanh la kN, don vi mo men u6n dfiu thanh la kNm.

1
5.2. PHAN TiCH KET CAU KHONG PHANG TRONG PHAN 1\ilEM ANSVS

5.2.1. .Mieu ta bai toan

M9t khung phing co kich thu6·c va chiu tai tn_mg nhu hinh ve 5.8. Mo dun dan hf>i
cua v t li u E = 2,0xJ08kN/m2, h s6 Poisson p = 0,3, kh6i luqng rieng p = 7,8T/m3. Tinh
toan clmy n vi va n9i h,rc klmng ph5ng. Cho biSt cac thanh co ti6t di n khac nhau, C\l tht

Thanh Dijn tfch A 1.Uo men q11a11 tfnh I (ni4) Chiiu c,w ti& dijn
(nl) W(m)
CD 2 ' 6xt0·2 o,sx10·3 0,2
(?) 2,25x 10·2 0,625x10-3 0,2
Q) 1·'8x 10·2 0,48x10·3 0,2

Luu_f
- Sfr dw1g phfin tir dftm 2-D BEAM3;
- Su d\mg phuang thuc GUI va tham s6 APDL;
- Tinh toan trong hai tnrong hgp bo qua tn,mg lugng ban than khung va c6 k€ d€n tn,mg
luc;mg ban than khung;
- Tinh toan trong tnrong hqp mbi thanh Ia m9t ph&n tfr va m6i thanh chia lam nhi u ph§n ti'r.
q = 18kN/m
y

E
{',j
CD 4

II

5 X

1 .. L1= 3m .I.
Hinh 5.8. So·tt6 tinh toan kit cliu khung phdng

5.2.2. Th\rc hi?n bai to.in theo phu·O'ng thirc GUI

f) so sanh voi k t qua tinh toan b ng tay, trong ph§n th rc hic;n duoi day se b6 qua tn;mg
luqng ban than khung va m6i do n thanh la1119t phfin tu.

5.2.2.1. Khui d{jtzg ANSYS

5.2.2.2. l>gt ten blii toiin
Utility Menu> File> Change Jobname > KHUNGPHANG

5.2.2.3. D{1t tieu di bai toan

Utility Menu> File> Change Title> TINH TOAN NOi LUC KRUNG PHANG

13
 5.2.2.4. Djnh 111:hia p/10.n tir va lui111: sJ th{rc
D6i v6i phAn m€m ANSYS Vl 6, trong thu m1,1c h,ra chon phAn tu: dim khong c6 s n
ph n tu BEAf\13, n6 duqc luu trfr trong kho. Vi v y dn nh p I?nh trong cua s6
COMMAND d g9i phAn ti'r nay vi khai bao h.1ng s6 th,rc cho phfm ti'r.
/PREP7
ET,1,BEAM3
R,1,2.6E-2,0.8E-3,0.2
R,2,2.25E-2,0.625E-3,0.2
R,3,1.8E-2,0.48E-3,0.2

5.2.2.5. Djnlz nghia v9t li?u

Main Menu >Preprocessor> Material Props> lvlatcrial Models> Strnetural >Linear>
Elastic > Isotropic > EX - 2.0ES> PRXY = 0.3> OK. Ti p tl,Ic tlwc hi?n Structural >
Density> DENS = 0> OK> Dong cua s6.

5.2.2.6. Xay d(l'ng mo hi11h hinh h()c

- T o di m d c tnrng: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints > fn
Active CS > Trong cua s6 Create Keypoints in Active CS> L§n luot nh p cac giaNPT = 1,
X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0 >Apply> TuCYllg t1,r nh p cacc.ti€m ttr 2 d8n 6 cho & bang du&i
day:

NPT X y z NPT X y z
1 0 0 0 4 7 4 0
2 3 4 0 5 7 0 0
3 3 4 0 6 1.5 2 0

- T o ducmg: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Lines> Straight

Line > Dung chu◊t nh n vao hai di m 3 va 4, ttrong nr l va 6, 6 va 2, 5 va 4> OK. K6t
qua c.;ho & hinh 5.9.
5.2.2.7. Xiiy d{lnf.: mo hinh ph6n tu· htl'll lup1
- Dinh nghla kich thu&c phlin tu:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize >Global > Size> Xu
t hi n cua s6 Global Element Sizes> N DIV = 1> OK.
- Chia philn tu:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Attributes> Picked Lines> Xu t hi n cua
s6 Line Attributes> Dung chu9t 1\ra chi;m l1ucrng Ll tren hinh 5.9 >Apply> Xufit hi n cira
s6 Line Attrihutes > Chc:-,n REAL= I, cac gia tri khac m c djnh > Apply> TiSp tl,Ic dung
chuot chon duong L2 va L3 > Apply > Chon REAL = 2> Apply > Chon duong L4 > OK >
Ch9n REAL = 3> OK.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh> Lines> Picked all.

1
 5.2.2.8. Djnh 111:hia d{i ll:f do ciia cij,p 11itt

Main Menu> Preprocessor> Coupling I Ceqn> Couple DOFs> Dung cbu9t h,ra ch911 hai
di m nut l i vi tri di6m 2 va 3 (n(1l 1 va n(1l 9) nhlr hinh 5.10 >Apply> Xu§l hi n dra sb
Define Coupled DOFs > NSET = 1, Lab= UX> Apply> TiSp t\}c hJa ch9n nut 1 va nut 9 >
OK> Trong cua s6 Define Coupled DOFs > NSET = 2, Lab = UY> OK.
Main Menu> Finish.

l'Ol!HS ANSYS !:LOOll!:i ANSYS

I:1:£.ln.
016.0 nm R16.0
1:t:-Ji1
// -\
I ,--+---
\:'._,/
/
,t'/

//
/
/: -·---------
/\C•e:,.n: :.oupl:c OCf-s

N>:T 5t1 nfErencern.rnb

l<V. 1:.-mr·,MntC upl,.rtl:•n 1

/ L:(

,l/
{.J.

Hinh 5.9. xay dtplg diim va duirng Hinh 5. IfJ. Dinh nghia d(} t t do ci1a c(t,p nut

5.2.2.9. Gan iliJu ki?n bien va tiii tr(mg

- Gan gia t6c tr9ng trucmg: Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Stmctural
>Inertia> Gravity> Global> ACELY = 10> OK.
- Gan di@u ki n bien g&i da:
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On
Keypoint<;> Dung chU<)t chc:m di m l >Apply> Ch9n All DOF, VALUE= 0>Apply > Ti p
tµc dung chu()t ch9n diSm 5> OK> Ch<,m (JX, UY, VALUE = 0>OK.
- Gan tai tr9ng t p trung:

Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Stmctural > Force/Moment> On
Keypoints> Dung chuot chc,m diSm 6> OK> Lab = FX, VALUE= 25> OK.
- Gin tii tr9ng phan b&:
Utility Menu > Select > Entities > Trong cua so Select Entities > Elements> By
Attributes> Real set num> Min, Max, Inc= 1> From Full> OK.
i'vfain Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Stmctural > Pressure > On Beams>
Picked all> LKEY = 1> VAL[= 18> OK.
K t qua gan di u ki n bien va tai tr9ng cho a hinh 5.11.

13
 ::.lt:..'if:Y_';

fflnh 5.11. Gan aiJu kifn bien va tai in;mg len khung

5.2.2.10. Thi€! lljp l{l'a chrn phiin tich va tinh toan

Utility Menu > Select> Everything.

Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS.

5.2.2.11. Kit qua tinh toan

:.. .,:_ ,..,..
Xuat - hnb1eu do
General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add > Xu§t hi9n bang Define
Additional Element Table Items > Lab = NI > By sequence num > SJ\11SC> Sl\1ISC,l>
Apply> Lab =NJ> Bysequence num >S1'JJSC>SMISC,7> Apply> Lab= QI > By
sequence num > SMISC> SMISC,2> Apply > Lab = QJ > By sequence num > Sli1ISC-->
S.MISC,8> Apply > Lab - l\U > By sequence mun > SA1.ISC> SMISC,6> Apply > Lab -
1\1.J > By sequence nurn > Sl'vfJSC> SMJSC,12 > OK.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xutlt hi n bang Plot Line
Element Results> Labl = NJ, LabJ = NJ> Fact= 1> OK, duqc bieu d6 l rc dt nhu hinh 5.12.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xufit hi?n bang Plot Line
Element Results > LabI= QI, LabJ = QJ> Fact= 1> OK, du9·c bi u d6 h,rc ciit nhu hinh 5.13.
:mt smc:s ANSYS ANSYS
RI(, 0 R1fi.fl

Hm --·ru U'1't Frr.M-4

ll r,i:;
:!:ff • J .i:!Cl
-;;;;:;;;;i
)'.A] --10. $,J J:Ll!Y-:

//
r:tD' :2

-<.r -,= -:11 ,,n ·! -· V- -">.?! VJ.

-3t.JH -.:.9.,;; ., -.( ;,s, -ll.H): )(S$
-•:;.-. u-.n.::,,o:
r1M• TO:l.'J M•I IJI.: Kllllr,i,; -tl',Mi TINII T:Ja.N M•:) llJI 1-lllh'i 11;,w-

mnh 5.12. Bir2u (tJ ha: d9c lrong khung Hinh 5.13. Biiu JJ hrc cdt Lrung khung

1
 General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > XuAt hi n bang Plot Line
Elemenl Results> Labl = Afl, LabJ = }.fJ> Fact= -1> OK, ctuqc bi u d6 mo men u&n nhu
hinh 5.14.

ANSYS
!:."'f.::'.L1-l R16.0
SIi =I

---------
'!l!t..-l
MT
K,T

I
I
I

!L :JO': :J-4.l!Zit o.:rno:H l'i.:11)20 -4.:l.l

_ _..., fl.!. ! -=:I .?."? <; .tc;;9:i;. - 1 FF: F:: lf-!CJ.f

Hinh 5.14. BiJu a6 mo men ui5n trong khung

- Ki m trak t chuy n Vt va g6c xoay:
Utility Menu > Select > Entities > Trong cua
' Select Entities > Keypoints> By
s6
Nurn/Pick> From Full> OK>D,:tng chu<)t l ra chc,m di m 1, 2, 3, 4, 5> OK.
Utility l\.1enu > Select > Entities > Trong cira s6 Select Entities > Nodes> Attachedto >
Keypoints> Reselect> OK.
General Postproc > List Results> Nodal Solution> Xuilt hi n cira s6 List Nodal Solution
> Ch9n Nodal Solution> DOF Solution> X-Component of displacement> OK, dm;rc k t
qua chuy n vi theo phucrng X ti(li cac di m n11t nhu hinh 5.15. Tuong 1:\r ch911 Y-
Component of displacement > OK duqc kSt qua chuy n vi t i cac di m nut nhu hinh
5.16; ch9n Z Cornponent of rotation> OK, duqc k t qua chuy n vi xoay t:,ii cac di m n(1t
nhu hlnh 5.17.
K t qua tinh toan chuy6n vi th ng va chuy€n vi xoay hoan toan trung kh6p v6·i k t qua
tinh tonn b ng taychoa vi dl) iJ ffi\lC 5.1.5.
.x

13

l\: PP.'-SOL Co-nr.ard

 LOrn SJE?=J. SUBSTIP= .l JU'IE=J.13000LOU C E: 9
ii Hr:--1.AAAFIT.OAJ) CArtr:- A
JHJ:: .f'OI..LWJl'tG .DJ:::.:.H J:: or l'HHOO" Hil:ULTt: OH.I::: lH THt: t:LQ.IIOL WO.HJJ.HnH l::Vi:ifl:J'I
M•)b'RIIY
l tt.l[.,l,J?t l!j2
THE 1-0LLOUI lilC DEO:U:E OP FREEDOtl :1:ESULJ3 flJ::E IN lHE GLOBAl COOJUO NATE SYSJ?:M
"iOJJ.t:un
1 8.21848[-82 2 -8.5556?E-31
A.S!i",l' H M:
'!.- -e ...u.,"J?li:-02 f, H. MHKt
5 IJ.218'1.IIIE-82
6 O.ElEl08 l'Vlli:HIIN 11, 0UIT'R JQ,T.ll'RS
NOnr.i
un1.,u -ll.lUJ?.l::HI
t1AXIMUrt R Ol,UT VIJ.Ut.:¥
MOMl
IJIIILJ[ 0.2:lB-tOI: 0
ffillh 5.15. Chuyin vt theo phuang X Hinh 5.16. Chuyin vt theo phuang Y

1
 X

I\ PF.ET)£ (,..·1 rmmJ

I
PRlHI ELEIIEHI IllBl.E IlEPlt PER ELEJ1EHI
x,oou. ron1 71,FHr•NT Hnn.r:: r.-r:,r x:,ocxi,;

STllll CU:lll!:HI CllRJtEIIT CURJt:lNT OORRENJ CUJUlENT Cl.lf.JU3'fl

FT.Ht
1 J. 4_ 1,1"' "·' QT
:.!l.'l'Jl!I
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'.,ldl.liUlt
1'11
"-11:!t. IH.'. 1J
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-21.'98E -3:.L.986 --159 .131-4.'9ES3
3 -25 _?98 14.lil11d
-215.998 ---4_96ij;3-12.14atE-tl
1 -50.tnO -::t.986:1 -1.9B6i -0.55?19E-l1. 56.010
-5tLB10 -11.llt.0 -lt.010
nHUt1IIH UlflJ,IIT'.::t
tl.tM
IJALUii -1!;:Q_ 010
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fll:'Il11Url IJflLUv; -21. li!G

'
ELEM2 3 1 l 4
IJALUE -iU.918 -10.!'9 8 --1..9861 50.010 0.10,isu:-11 56.01:0

1-linh 5.17. ChuyJn vi llinh 5.18. Ktt qua tinh toan n9i {lfC
xnay quanh tr tc Z t(,li cac phdn tu

- Ki m tra ki?t qult tinh toan noi

h,rc:
General Postproc > Element Table > List Elem Table > Trong cfra s6 List Elem Table >
Ch0n NT, NJ, QT,.QJ, MT, M.T > OK dugc kSt qui nhu hinh 5.18.

5.2.2.12. Kit qua tinh to/in khi chia mjn hnn phim tu·
KSt qua tinh toan mo men u6n trong khung hinh 5.14 chua phu hgp v&i tlwc tS do chi
quan tam d n mo men 6 hai diu thanh, m6i m◊t thanh la m◊t phin tir nen bi u d6 mo men
c6 d g tuyen tinh. Dephi, hqp voi th rc tJ dm chia nh6 thanh lam nhic?u ph n ti'.r, hay trong
cua s6 dtnh nghia kich tluroc phfui n'r nh p gia tri NDIV = 5 nhu du&i day:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Global> Size>
Xu t hi n cfra s6 Global Element Sizes> NDIV = 5> OK.
LESTZE,A LL,,,5
K€t qua tinh toan mo men u6n cho & hinh 5.19.

L.:ru: =ss ANSYS

S-:E =l SOB =l
---wf:-=1
R16.0
1£:MJ

urn:ie.
"'1.X:!=f_1'.:iQf;
E'.lll'ii=2C

14

-&5. 5307 ·l.38834 17.38?8

4 _ 4 '/2b
 Hinh 5.19. Bidu r.16 mo men u6n trong khung khi chia mjn ph<in tir

1
 5.2.2.13. Kit qua tinh toan co kJ ilin trrn,: ltc(J'ng ban than khung
Khi k din tr9ng lm;mg ban than khung, nh p gia. tri kh6i luc;mg rieng cua v t li u rtlm sau:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Mate1ial Props> .Material Models> Structural> Linear>
Elastic > Isotropic > EX = 2.0E8> PRXY = 0.3> OK. Tit?p t1,1c thµc hi n Structural >
Density> DENS= 7.8> OK> Dong cira so.
G=7.8 !T/1113, kh6i lmyng rieng cua v t li u, bo qua TLBT nh p 0.
KSt qua tinh roan n◊i h,rc khung duqc cho 6 hinh 5.20 dSn 5.22.
.A.NSYS ANSYS
;-,-r,.-:_1 R16.0 n6.o
l"S =l lI!'.L-1
tdfJ
MIi\ --• I .n.:.,u, ,:.1·:<
U - .,.HI>

/y
,.T.7.H-(,
.. "- --· ,l·:;;u ,,_,.:"_-.../_./ i .z.:.:=Se.n:t
E-:O :; /_.. / / U.!ll'r

,/, / /'

C.'17 H.O:<:J(.◄7.:.) :c .l 72C

1Il.:tt TC! N::>I L::C fil::lXl'G :?!!TSG

mnh 5.20. Bitu d6 hrc doc trong khung mnh 5.21. Biiu i/6 hrc ciit trong khung

"LlS"E :i'JRf.'J
5T!..:?-l
ANSYS
R16.0
sc; :::1
Ilt":E-1
I-IJ
Ml l!D - ,'IJ,_;.!;;
!.I.!H-t:
=ti:.. 6!<0€
ELTI-',-2'.'.I

I
I

-7r 1.U -<Ii 'is,.-!:-1i"I ;:,• .1-

. 4::."I- !'; 1:4

Hinh 5.22. Biiu (16 mo men u6n trong khung khi ki den trr,mg lu(lng bd.n than

5.2.3. Th\fC hi n bai toan theo phtrffng thuc APDL

FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,KHUNGPHANG
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC KHUNG PHANG

14
 !Nh p tham s6 d u
vao L1=3
$L2=4 $H1=2 $H2=2
A1=2.6E-2
!0$c trung hlnh hoc cua thanh 1
11=0.8E-3
$W1=0.2
A2=2.25E-2
!8c;1c tnrng hinh hoc cua thanh 2
I2=0.625E-3
$W2=0.2
A3=1.8E-2
!D c tnrng hlnh hoc cua thanh 3
I3=0.48E-3
$W3=0.2
F=25
!kN, tai tr<;>ng t p trung
Q=18
!kN/m, tai trong phan b6
E=2.0E8
!kN/m2, mo dun dan h6i cua v l li u
M=0.3
!H$ s6 Poisson
G=7.8
!T/m3, kh6i lu•qng rieng, b6 qua TLBT nh p 0
/PREP7
ET,1,BEAM3
!Dinh nghTa phan t& dam 2-0
R,1,A1,I1,W1
!0jnh nghTa h ng s6 phan ti'.r dam
R,2,A2,I2,W2
$R,3,A3,I3,W3
MP,EX,1,E
!Dinh nghTa v t li$u
MP,PRXY,1,M
$MP,DENS,1,G
K,1,0,0,0
!Ti;io cJi€½m
K,2,L1,H1+H2,0
$K,3,L1,H1+H2,0
K,4,L1+L2,H1-tH2,0 $K,5,L1+L2,0,0
K,6,(H1/(H1+H2))*L1,H1,0
LSTR.3,4 !Tc;10 du•cmg tll' diem
LSTR,1,6 $LSTR,6,2 $LSTR,5,4
!0jnh nghTa s6 Im.mg phan tll' tren dl!'cmg, nh p 1 khi1 thanh la 1 PT
LESIZE,ALL,,,5
REAL,1 !Mc;\c d!nh hfmg s6 th1,1·c la 1
LMESH,1 !Chia phan tu thanh 1
REAL,2 !Mc;ic djnh hang so thl,l'C la 2
LMESH,2,3 !Chia phan t(I' thanh 2 va 3
REAL,3 IM/:lc d!nh h.fing s6 lhl,f'C la 3
LMESH,4 !Chia phan t& thanh 4
KSEL,S,,,2,3 !Chon di m 2 va 3
NSLK,R !Chon nut thuoc di€½m
CP,1,UX,ALL !Gan rang bu¢c chuyen vi giO·a hai nut theo phu•ong X
CP,2,UY,ALL !Gan rang bui;ic theo phu·ong Y
ALLSEL $FINISH
/SOLU
ACEL,O,10,0 !Gan gia t6c tn;,ng trll'&ng

1
 DK,1,ALL,ALL !Gan lien k t ngam tc;ii diem 1
DK,5,UX,0 !Gan lien ket khop t i diem 5
DK,5,UY,0
FK,6,FX,F 'Gan tai tr9ng t p trung i di§m 6
ESEL,S,REAL,,1 !Ch9n phan tfr co hang so thl,J'C la 1
SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,Q !Gan tai tr9ng phan b6 len phi'ln tu d.1m
ALLSEL
SOLVE !Tinh toan
FINISH
/POST1
ETABLE,Nl,SMISC,1 !Dinh nghia bang ket qua phan tCr
ETABLE,NJ,SMISC,7
ETABLE,QI,SMISC,2 $ETABLE,QJ,SMISC,8
ETABLE,Ml,SMISC,6 $ETABLE,MJ,SMISC,12
PLLS,Nl,NJ,1,0,0 !Ve bieu do Ive dQc
PLLS,Ql,QJ,1,0,0 !Ve bi u dO 11,f'C cat
PLLS,MI.MJ,-1,0,0 !Ve bieu do mo men u6n
KSEL,S,,,1,5 !Ch9n di m 1 d n 5
NSLK,R !Ch(;in nut thuoc diem
PRNSOL,U,X !Xuat k t qua chuy n vj nut theo phl.l'O'ng X
PRNSOL,U,Y !Xuat ket qua chuyen vi nut theo phl.l'O'ng Y
PRNSOL,ROT,Z !Xuat k t qua chuy n xoay t9i nut theo tn,1c Z
ESEL.ALL !Chon tat ca cac ph n t&
PRETAB,Nl,NJ,Ql,QJ,Ml,MJ !Xuat k t qua n◊i ll,l'C t i cac phan tu
ALLSEL $FINISH

5.2.4. Vi dlJ tham khao khung phing nhi u t ug nhiiu nhjp d u 11hau
M(>t khung be tong cbt thep g6m n ding va n nhip klch tlnroc d u va chtu tai tn;mg phan
b6 d u len cac d m la q va hai c9t bien d1u h6i la Pl va P2 nhu hinh 5.23. C9t va d m tiet
<lien chfr nh t.

P1 D(BDxHD)

u
I
X I
(.)
co
0
P2

, L, L
J L
J
Hinh 5.23. Sa tl6 tinh toan kit cdu khung n tcing n nhip
14
 • Tinh toan n{>i l(t·c khung trong tridtng h9p:
Khung 2 t'1ng, 3 nhip, b n)ng nh p 4m, chi6u cao tAng 3m.
Kich thu&c cot 0,4><0,4m, kich thu6c dim 0,4x0,6m.
Tai tr9ng phan b6 cl u len dAm Q = 15kN/m, tai tn;mg hai dAu h6i Pl = 1OkNim,
P2 = 5kN/m.

V t li?u khung be tong !v1200 c6 mo dun dan h6i E = 2,4x107kN/m2; h¢ s6 Poissonµ= 0,2;
kh6i lu()Tig rieng p = 2,4T/m3•
Linty: Si:r d1,mg ph.1n ti:r dfun 3-D BEAI\,1188 va c6 k6 d ntn;mg lu9ng ban than khung.

FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,KHUNGPHANG
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC KHUNG PHANG N TANG N NHIP
!Nh p tham s6 dau vao
L=4
!m, be r◊ng nhip
H=3
!m, chieu cao tang
BD=0.4
!m, be n}ng m;\lt t dam
HD=0.6
!m, chieu cao mi'lt cat dam
BC=0.4
!m, be r(mg m:;jt t cot
HC=0.4
1m, chieu cao m;\lt cat cc)t
NT=2
!So tang
NN=3
!S6 nhip
Q=15
!kN/m, tai tn;mg phan bo deu len d m
P1=10
!kN/m, tai tn;mg phan bo deu len c¢t h6i trai
P2=5
!kN/m, tai trong phfln b6 d u len c¢t h6i phai
E_M200=2.4E7
!kN/m2, mo dun dan h6i cua be tong
P_M200=0.2
!H s6 Poisson
G M200=2.4
!T/m3, kh6i lll'c_mg rieng cua be tong
/PREP?
!Xay d1,mg mo hinh hlnh hQC
K,1,0,0,0
$K,2,L,O,O $K,3,0,H,0 $K,4,L,H,O
LSTR.1,3
$LSTR,2,4 $LSTR,3,4
LSEL,S,LOC,X,L !Ll,l'a chQn dlF&ng c6 t9a cf¢ X = L

LSEL.A,LOC,Y,H !Chon them dU'&ng c6 toa d(l Y =

H
LGEN,NN,ALL,,,L,0,0, !Nha.n ban dU'6'ng theo X v&i s6 IU'Q'ng NN
ALLSEL
LGEN,NT,ALL,,,0,H,0, !Nhan ban dU'ang theo Y v6·i s6 IU'(;mg
NT ALLSEL

1
NUMMRG,ALL !Nh p cac doi tu•qng tr-ung l p
!0jnh nghia thu¢c tfnh cua mo hlnh
ET,1.BEAM188 !Ph n tu• d m 3-D 2 nut
KEYOPT,1,3,3 !Ham d9ng theo chieu dai: 0-Linear (default). 2-Quadratic, 3-Cubic
SECTYPE,1,BEAM,RECT !0!nh nghia m t cat d m
SECOFFSET,CENT
SECDATA,HD,BD
SECTYPE,2,BEAM,RECT !0inh nghia mi:ll catcc;it
SECOFFSET,CENT
SECDATA,HC,BC
MP,EX,1,E_M200 !0inh nghTa v t li u
MP,PRXY,1,P_M200 SMP,DENS,1,G_M200
!Xay d1,mg mo hlnh ph n tll' hCru h n
ESIZE,0.1 !0jnh nghTa kich thu·&c phan tu'
*D0,1,1,NT
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,H*I
LATT,1,,1,,.,1 !Gan thuqc lfnh cho cl.Si lLYc;mg dam
*ENDDO
ALLSEL
*D0,1,0,NN
LSEL,S,LOC,X,L*I
LATT.1,.1,..,2 'Gan thuqc tfnh cho d5i tU'c.mg cc;it
*ENDDO
ALLSEL
LMESH,ALL !Chia phfm h'.r
FINISH
!Gan dieu ki$n bien va tinh toan
/SOLU
ACEL,0,9.81,0
!Gan gia toe tr9ng tru•cmg
NSEL,S.LOC,Y,O
D,ALL,ALL
!Gan lien ket ngam chan c9t
ALLSEL
*D0,1,1,NT
!Gan tai tr9ng phan b6 deu len dam
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,H*I
ESLL,R
SFBEAM,ALL,2,PRES,Q
ALLSEL
*ENDDO
ALLSEL

14
 LSEL,S,LOC,X,0 !Gan tai trc;mg phan b6 len c9t h6i trai
ESLL,R
SFBEAM,ALL,2,PRES,P1
ALLSEL
LSEL,S,LOC,X,L*NN
!Gan tai tn;mg phan b6 deu len c(>t hoi phai
ESLL,R
SFBEAM,ALL,2,PRES,P2
ALLSEL $SOLVE $FINISH
!Xem kt?lt qua
/POST1
ETABLE,Nl,SMISC,1
$ETABLE,NJ,SMISC,14
ETABLE,Ql,SMISC,6
$ETABLE,QJ,SMISC,19
ETABLE,Ml,SMISC,3
SETABLE,MJ,SMISC,16
PLLS,Nl,NJ,1,0
!XuM bi u db ll/c d9c
PLLS,Ml,MJ,-1,0
!Xuat bieu do mo men u6n
FINISH
ANSYS
3:t:-:. fl16.0
31?, -:.
::?ft.-:
Jr:].;
H:!I' -19].90J
UtY..-:11
:ta? -C.OJ: :.
r.1r.J.1_r1

ANSYS
!l'-1 R16.0
::ce:-1
1 £-1
t-::!!iJ
l: 1 - D, (
l::UM 10)
J,,J.A;.;_, ce
FT':N-i:l

mnh 5.24. Biiu £t,5 h,_1;·c d()c trong khung Hinh 5_25. Bi§u l1J mo men w5n trong khung
5.3. PHAN TiCI-1 KET cAu KHUNG KHONG GIAN TRONG PHAN MENI ANSYS

5.3.1. V n d CO' ban d6i v6i khung kbong gian

Hinh 5.26 th8 hi n m9t phfrn rir diSn hinh cua khung kh6ng gian, ma di8m dfru phfin tir
1

-,> -e , -
la i, ma di8m cu6i laj. Trong h? tQa d9 hlnh 5.26, m6i m(>t diSm nut phin tir c6 6 thanh

phin h,rc: ba thanh phin Ive F:, F:, F; d9c theo trµc x, y, z va 2 thanh phin mo men
u6n My, 1.\1z xoay quanh tf\lC _y, z va mo men xoan L'vf x xoay quanh lf\lC X. Tuong ung
v6'i cac thanh phin hl'c nay, m6i mot diJm nut se c6 6 thanh phin chuySn vi: 3 thanh ph n
chuy6n vi th&ng ue, ve, wl theo ba tn,ic x, y, z va 3 thanh ph n chuyen vi xoay 0/,. ,
8=e d6i v6'i ba tf\lC x, y, z.

14
 x

z
-Fe,;
W;
-e

mnh 5.26. Phtin tic aiin hinh cita khung kh6ng gian

Chuy n vt nut va Ive nut cua phfin tu trong h$ t9a d(> C\JC b9 duqc vi6t nhu sau:
{JV=[ u;e -v,e -e
6x e; 1Jz
-e - e
V
-e
eeJ7 11
W; l.li wi z1 l (5.22)
.I
r'
,tF-·i -e
Fy;
-e
Fz;
-e
A1xi
-e
My;
-e
lvf zi
-e
Fx;
-e
FY.i Fz; Mx,
-e -e
l- J,j -
Mz; _j

v
,«=[- e

[
e
F x;
Ma tr n dQ cfrng ph&n tu trong h t9a dQ C\JC bQ la:
EA EA
- 0
0 0 0
0 - 0
0 0 0
0 7
l
12El= 6Elz 12£1 6Elz
l0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
zi z2 13 ,2
12Ely 6El.v
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I2Ely 6El.v
0
0 0 13 /2
0 0 0 /3 (l
GJ GJ
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 I 0 0 0 I
6Efy 4Ely
,,. 0 6Ely
,2 0
2Ely 0
I I
6F.(,_ 4F.Jz 6FJZ
0 0 0 0 0 2P.lz
0 0 0
[kJ = ,2
t2 l (5.23)
0 0 0
l
EA EA
0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 0
l l
6Efz 12El2 6EJZ
l2Elz 0 0 0 0
0 GJ
z3 0
12EIY
0
0 0 /3
1
0 0

0 0
l2 13 0 0
,2
z2 CJ
0 0
6Ely
6EIY 12EIY
l 0 0 0 l
6EIY ,2 6E113
2Ely 0 00 y 4EIY
0
0 0 0 0 0
{2 I f l
6EJZ 2Elz 6EI. 4Elz
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
z2 L J2 I

15
trong d6:
l - chi u da.i thanh;
EA - d9 cung khang keo d9c tn,1c;
GJ - d9 c{mg khang xo5n;
EI2 - dt) c(mg ch6ng u6n trong m?l phing x1y;
Ely- do cung ch6ng u6n trong m t ph ng XlZ.
- Matr n chuyfn ct6i h? t9a d9 phiin tfr:
Ma tr n chuyJn d6i h t9a d9 phiin tir T phan anh m6i quan h chuy n d6i gifra vec ta lvc
dfiu phfin tir thanh va vec ta chuy n v d5u ph5.n ti'r thanh trong hai h t9a d9.
Goi a I, I va Yi la g6c t o boi tn,lc X va cac tn,lc X, y, z cua h t9a t6ng th6, hinh do
chieu tn.ic x trong h t9a dQ t6ng th l§n hrgt la cos a1, cos /31, cos y1. Tuang n_r hlnh chi6u
tn.1c y
trong h t9a d<) t6ng thJ lfin lugt la cos a2, cos fh, cos y2; hinh chi@u t11,1c z trong h tc;ia d<)
t6ng thS lin luqt la cos a3, cos /J3, cos Y3, ta c6:
-e
F =TFe (5.24)
t 0 0
0 t
ol [
0 O , t
cosa, cos fl1 cos Y1l
T= = cosa.,., COS /J2 COSYz

0 0 t 0 ,.

0 0 0 tj cos u. cos /J3 cosr3

>

Tiep h_lc thl,Ic hi n nhu d6i v6'i khung phing.

5.3.2. Mieu ta bai toan
M9t khung kh6ng gian bing thep h9p Q235 co kid, tlm&c nhu hinh 5.27. Tai trong P
d t t(;li giCra d m ngang c6 gia tri P = 100 t&n. V t lieu thep Q235 c6 mo dun dan h6i
E = 2,0xl08kN/m2, h s6 Poisson p = 0,3, kh6i luqog rieng p = 7,8T/rn3. Tfnh toan 119i
ll,Ic khung.

p p p p p

Ll-55 0 Ll-700( U-5500

0
G
0
X C"":.
e QQ
0
,f_'-,,
..I.I...
u ::i::

J L=l8000 j, L J, L j, ;< .,l L

L L
J
1
IIinh 5.27. Phuo11g d9c khung khong gian

15
 -. -
D1 (70 0x1350)
I I •
-• • -
I I
. -• I
a
0
a 0
I'- 0
r- X
x 0
0
0 LO
0 : II
:!.. ! CD
N
0 .
.

.
C (700x700) -- ·- - D1 (700x1350) - -- ....
D, (400x700)

0
0
r-- 0
x 0
0 LO
0 LO
II

0 "' H giang
CD

C (700x700) D2 (400x700)

Hinh 5.28. A-f{it being khung khong gian

p

D2 (400x700)

1=18m
l()
a
0
..
(" )
r---
X
- 0
0
D2 (400x700)
0
0
(')
0
II
c
700
C (700x700) D2 (400x700)
1 l I

1
J
D1
B = 5500
j,
Hinh 5.29. ,\!(it cdt ngang ddm va c9t

5.3.3. Th\fC hi n baitoan theo phtrO'ng thfrc APDL

FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,KHUNGKHONGGIAN
/TITLE,TINH TOAN NOi LUC KHUNG KHONG GIAN
!Nh p tham s& a u vao
L=18 !m, chi u dai nhip
1
8=5.5 !m, b r(>ng khung
H1=8.3 !m, chieu cao tang 1
H2=6 !m, chieu cao tang 2
L1=5.5 !m, vj tr[ ci t tai
L2=7 !m, khoang each tai
8D1=0.7 !m, be r(>ng m t dt dam1
HD1=1.35 !m,chi u caom t catdam1
TD1=0.018 !m,chieu day ban dam 1
8D1=0.4 !m, be n)ng mc;it dt dam 2
HD1=0.7 !m, chieu cao mc;1t dt dam 2
TD1=0.014 !m, chieu day ban dam 2
BC=0.7 !m, be r(>ng m t dt CQI
HC=0.7
!m, chi u caom t clit c(>t
TC=0.018 !m, chieu day ban c(>t
NN=6
!So nhjp
P=1000 !kN, tai trong t p trung
E_Q235=2.1E8 1kN/m2, mo dun dan hoi v t li$u thep
P_0235=0.3 !H$ s6 Poisson
G_Q235=7.8 !T/m3, kh6i IU'Q'ng ric§ng
/PREP7
!Xay d1,mg mo hinh hinh hQC
K, 1,0,0,0 $K,2,0,H1,0 $K,3,0,H1+H2,0
K,4,L,0,0
$K,5,L,H1,0 $K,6,L,H1+H2,0
K,7,L1,H1+H2,0
$K,8,L1+L2,H1+H2,0
LSTR,1,2
$LSTR,2,3 $LSTR,4,5
LSTR,5,6
$LSTR,2,5 $LSTR,3,7
LSTR,7,8
$LSTR,8,6
LSEL,ALL
$LGEN,2,ALL,,.0,0,B
LSTR,2,10 $LSTR,3,11 $LSTR,5,13
LSTR,6,14 $LSTR,7,15 $LSTR,8,16
ALLSEL
LSEL,S,LOC,X,L1
LSEL,A,LOC,X,L1+L2
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,H1+H2
LDIV,ALL,,,2,0 !Chia dU'c'rng
ALLSEL
LSEL,U,LOC,X,0
LGEN,NN,ALL,,,L,0,0 !Nhan ban
ciU'ang ALLSEL
NUMMRG,ALL !Nh p cac d6i tU'gng trung l p

15
 !0inh nghTa thui;,c tfnh cua mo hinh
ET,1,BEAM188 !Ph n tll' d m 3-0 2 nut
KEYOPT,1,3,3 !Ham d<;1ng: 0-Linear (default), 2-Quadratic, 3-Cubic
MP,EX,1,E_Q235 !0jnh nghia vc;it li$u thep Q235
MP,PRXY,1,P_Q235 $MP,DENS,1,G_Q235
SECTYPE, 1, BEAM, HREC, 01, 0 !0jnh nghia m,:)t cat dam 01
SECOFFSET, CENT
SECDATA,1.35,0.7,0.018,0.018,0.018,0.018
SECTYPE, 2, BEAM, HREC, 02, 0 !0jnh nghia mc;1t cat dam
02 SECOFFSET,CENT
SECDATA,0.7,0.4,0.014,0.014,0.014,0.014
SECTYPE, 3, BEAM, HREC, C, 0 !8jnh nghia m;:)t cat c
¢t SECOFFSET, CENT
SECOATA,0.7,0.7,0.018,0.018,0.018,0.018
!Xay dl,J'ng mo hinh phan tll' huu h n
ESIZE,0.5
!0jnh nghia kich thLPO'C phan lll'
LSEL,S,LENGTH,,H1
$LSEL,A,LENGTH,,H2
LATT,1,,1,,,,3
$ALLSEL
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,H1
LATT,1,,1,,,,2
$ALLSEL
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,H1+H2
$LSEL,U,LOC,Z,O
LSEL,U,LOC,Z,B
LATT,1,,1,,,,2
$ALLSEL
LSEL,S,LOC,Z,O
$LSEL,A,LOC,Z,B
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,H1+H2
LATT,1,,1,,,,1
$ALLSEL
LMESH,ALL
$FINISH
!Gan cli u kii;ln bien va tinh loan
/SOLU
ACEL,0,9.81,0
!Gan gia toe tr<;mg tru•cmg
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,O
!Gan ngam clay c◊t
D,ALL,ALL
$ALLSEL
KSEL,S,LOC,Z,B/2
$KSEL,R,LOC,Y,H1+H2
FK,ALL,FY,-P
!Gan tai trong t p trung
ALLSEL
SOLVE
!Tinh toan
FINISH
/POST1
ETABLE,Nl,SMISC,1
!8jnh nghia bang dCi' li$u
ETABLE,NJ,SMISC,14

1
 ETABLE,Ql,SMISC,6
ETABLE,QJ,SMISC,19
ETABLE,Ml,SMISC,3
ETABLE,MJ,SMISC,16
PLLS,Nl,NJ,0.5,0 !Xuat bieu do h,J'CdQc
PLLS,Ml,MJ,-1,0 !Xuflt bieu d6 mo men u6n
FINISH

·,T\'F. TI! !'ii ANSYS ANSYS

Jl!P-1 R16.C R16.0
er-.=1
rI :l 1:1.t::.
:-JI : -MJ
:n ; - 1D2., i::- - .:soa.iJ
T.• :l F.
: "- -1'1$, "'13:i;":
::.1.:R-H,

-:.ooJ :s -E7 - ::IE -JC:L (IS

l.1£8.0:1-::;a .,36 "l"-:>li•l "lV.''.U ),-Vl. Lr.,\; ¼'.Hv:c,; r ..'LVNI,; C.1.UI -UL.1 1-:. 3-"B

Ilinh 5.30. Bidu db hrc d9c trong khung Hinh 5.31. Bidu d6 mo men u6n trong khung

15
 Clurung 6
PHAN TiCH KET cAu TRONG
NEN

6.1. XAY D1/NG :MO Hi H TINH TO& CO HQC 1\161 TRUONG LitNTl)C

6.1.1. Co·hQC moi tnrong lien h,tc

Trong thvc t xay dvng g p nhieu bai toan ve mo phong ca hQc moi truang lien t\]c nhu
k t du cong trinh ngiim, k t cilu chiin do· h6 dao lam vi c trong moi huong nen... Vi d\l
d6i v&i kJt du duong him, mo hinh ca h9c moi tnrong lien we cho dng: n n la m◊t b◊ ph
n ci:1a h th6ng k t c!u ch6ng clo duong h:im, d6ng thoi n n l?i sinb tai tr9ng, xem u n la
m6i ttuang lien t\lC d truyen tai tn;mg va tac dt,mg ch6ng do.
Phuang phap giai mo hinh nay bao g6m phuong phap giai tich va phuong phap sG. Hi n
nay phuang phap ph1n tu bfiu h n duc;rc xem la phuang phap hfru hi u d6 giai cac bai toan
ca h9c rnoi huang lien 1:l_lc. Phucrng phap philn nr hfru h,,m khong nhfrng c6 th 1116 phong
cac qua trinh thi cong va cac lo i giac6, d6ng thoi c6 th xem xet cac vin d6 d c bi t
Ctla
n n nhu phan ting, dfrt gay... va cac lo?i phi ruy n tinh c-i'ia v t li u.
Phuong phap ph n tfr hfru h n se ro·i r c k t cftu va n n va n6i tiJp t i cac di m nut,
djnh vi tai t.,ii nut, sfr di,mg phuong phap n<)i suy dJ xem xet di u ki n lien ti,1c, gan di u
ki?n
bien, tu phuong phap lvc ho?c phuang phap chuy n v giai ra ttuong irng sufit va trncmg
chuySn vi trong kSt cfiu va n n. Trong Chuang nay chi d c p d:Sn bai toan biSn d,;mg ph ng
ci1a ly thuyet dan h6i.
BJt k@ la c6ng trinh n6ng hay sau, vS m?t co h9c d u thu9c v bai toan kh6ng gian ban
VO h:)n, khi dm, giin h6a thanh bii toan biSn d ng phing thi tra thanh hai toan ph ng ban
VO h(;ln. Tuy nhien d6i v&i phuong phap ph n tuhuu h,,m thi dn phai phan tich trong
m9t ph?m vi hfm h n. Xac dinh bien tinh toan ph\1 thu9c vao d9 chinh xac va d9 kh6 tinh
toan. Ly thuySt va th9-·c ti n da chi ro, tr ng thai frng suftt va biSn d ng n n sau khi dao chi
anh hm'mg
trong ph.,im vi 3 ~ 5 lfui b rong h6 dao (ho c chi u cao) tinh tir trung tam. lfog suit n6nt i
vi tri each h6 dao 3 lfin b6 r9ng thay d6i du6i 10%, t i vi tri each 5 lfin b6 r(,ng thay d6i duoi

1
J 0%. Bien n n tinh toan c6 th@ lily each 3 ~ 5 lin b n}ng h6 dao. Tren bien c6 thJ xem
chuy6n vi do dao bing 0. D\Ia vao d c di m d6ixirng cu.a bai toan c6 th tinh cho 112hoijc '.t
ph m vipban tich.

15
 6.1.2. Trmmg lfllg suit ban d u

6.1.2.1. Trmmg kng sudt do tr()ng lu'(mg ban than

Kh6i n n du()'c hinh thanh u,r nhien vi v y v t li u n nkha ph1l'c t<;1p, ngoai ra kh6i n n
c6 irng suAt ban dfiu, irng suit ban d&u nay anh lurang rfit l&n dSn tqmg thai frng sufit khi
dao. Gia tri (mg su.1t ban d u n6i chung thu UU()'C thong qua quan tric hi n tru&ng va tinh
toan. Khi c6 tai li?u yuan lr c hien lnrcmg, theo k t qua quan lrtk de l.1y gia lri 0"1, 0"2 va 0-3;
neu th1Su ta1 li u quan tnic co thS xac djnh thong qua tf nh toan.

a) TrwYnf; lwp /Jiw nong

Ung suit dung:
Uyl = yH (6.1)

trong d6:
r- dung tr9ng n
n;
II - dosau d€n di6m tinh toan.
Ung suit ngang:

(6.2)
trong d6:
17>,1 - 1mg sufrt dung d§n di m tinh toan;
.J., - h s6 ap Ive ngang.

Ph m vi thay d6i cirn X rAt Jon, n6i chung lfiy }., = p(1 + µ), p la h s6 Poisson cirn n n.
N§u dao sau l&n H > 500m co thS l§y 2 = I.
(J'ng su t dt:

l'xyl =0 (6.3)

Df>i v&i dao n6ng c6 th tinh toan theo cac c6ng thuc d dua ra gia tri t'.rng suit ban dfiu
(.;Lia de diGm, hi8n nhien (mg suJL ban d1u cua cac di6m la khaG nhau. Ngoai ra ck xem xel
tai t:rong bS m t va t:ai trong nu6-c ngfim.
Klli dao trong 11 11 c6 phan tful.g dla chftt, gia. tri i:rng suit ban dfm dm;1c tinh toan nhu sau:
(Jng su t d(mg:

(6.4)
trong d6:
Yt - dung tn;,ng n6n cua ClJa caclop tr6n di6m tinh toan;
Hi - 09 sau cua cac 16p.

1
 (fog su§t
ngang:
axl = A,ayl (6.5)

trong d6: ;i - h s6 ap l rc ngang ci:,a l&p d t co di m tinh toan.

Ung suit dt:

rxy1 = 0

b) Tru:cmg lu;rp ttiw sdu:

f) 6i v6i dito sau do ph m vi nghicn CUlJ r t nho so v6i d9 sau dao th m chicothl xcm la
mot di m, vi v y c6 the dung t'.rng su:it ban d5.u t<;li di m 1lung tam cua ph.,1111 vi nghien
cuu xem la ung suAt ban diu cita t6ng th phi;llll vi nghien cuu, hay c6 th n6i truong img
suit ban d u CLta pb m vi ngbicn ct'.ru la d u nbau, die dif:m co (mg suit nhunhau (xcm hinh
6.1):
[ o-yo = L;;iHi
(6.6)
O'xo = ,1,0'yo -
0
.

ll rxyO-

trong d6: Yi - dung tr9ng n n cua cac l&p tren diSm tinh toan;
Hi - d{> sau drn cac 16p;
;i - h s6 ap h,rc ngang cu.a 16p d:it co diSm tinh toan;
0::\'0, 0:1-0, rx,,()- ling suit ban dftu cua diSm trung tam ph m vi nghien cuu.

::viijt d: .t t r nh iien

Pham vi tinhtoio
a,.,lY..rJy / •
r-----------------------1

:>.T
0 I • I
;:... I I OX'll, ·Uj,O
I II
I
I

I II

Hinh 6.1. Ung sudt ban ltliu khi tlao s<iu

N@u d.n xem xet S\f thay d{>i tmcmg ung suiit ban d:1u trong ph m vi nghien cuu c6 th
c(>ng them m9t truang wg suit vao tnrong (mg su t trung binh:
r,11av = r(y-Yo)
(6.7)
110'x = /4 11 0'V .
r-"<:v =
. . ll 0

trong d6: y0 - t<;>a d9 theo phuang dl'.rng cua diSm trung tam ph m vinghien cfru;

16
 y - t9a d9 dl'.mg ct1a di m bfit ky.

1
 Truong (mg suAt ban ct u Clla t1i m bit ky trong ph{lm vi nghien ciru la:
o->'= r(y-Yo)
(Jxl = (jxO +/J.(Jx . _ (6.8)
I[. rxyl- 0

06iv6i t1ao sau ciing nen xem xet ta.c d1mg cirn nu&c ng m.

6.1.2.2. Tnro"fJg lrng sudt cdu t90

Do tac d\mg ci1a du t<_to clja ch t, trong n n thuong t6n t(.li truong img su t du t o,
tmong irng suit d.u t o se lam cho tnrcmg ung suit ban d u trong cac lap n n bi thay d6i.
(fog su5.t ban t1fm crx2, CT_vz o ra tir 1mg suAt
du t o kh6ng con la ung sufrt chinh, luc nay o X
,._..-----..,-------------
cin dµ-a vao phuong cua img su§t du t o de
ti8n hanh chuy6n d6i. Gia lhi8t quan h giu·a
phuang cua ung suit du t o v&i h t9a d(> xOy
cho & hinh 6.2, d6ng thcYi gia thiJt do 16n
cua y

ung suit du t o la a-,, CJ2, ung suAt ban d§.u t mnh 6.2. Quan hi giiia phiro·ng ung sucit
lO ra irng sufit cfiu t o du6'i h
tnic t9a do xOy kh6ng
chi c6 ung su§t thco plnrang x a:,2, (mg
suit theo phu011g y av2 ma con c6 ung suit cit
i:,.v2. Tir ca h9c dan h6i c6 th6 tlm dm;rc:
2 . 2 l
{Jx2 = .\ a+ rr2 sin 2
tT1c

a y2 = a1 sm a+a2 cos a (6.9)

rxy2 =( o- 1 - v 2) sina.cosa

6.1.2.3. Tru·img u·ng sudt ba11 aJ.u

Trncrng img su t ban d u t i vi tri dao la t& hqp cim tmong 1mg su t tn;mg lm;mg ban
than va tmimg{mg su.it d.u t;,lo, nhu v y co th thu duqc trucmg irng suit ban d§u la:
( CJx = CJxl + Ci x2
riy = tTyl +tTy2 _ _ (6.10)
l
rxy- r xyl +r.\.}'2- r.ry2

6.1.3. Roi ,· c hoa k t

d.u
Bu&c nay la bu&c ca ban et'1a phuong phap phfin tt'r hfru h n da c1uqc trinh bay 6
cac Chuang tmcrc. Qua trinh roi r c h6a nay chLnh la lfly k t du phan tich pMin thanh cac
16
ph ntu, cac phiin tu· n6i v6'i nhau o di m nut. Tuy thu◊c hinh d:,mg va tinh ch:it cim cac
d.u ki n trong k t cau ma phan chia thanh cac lo i phin tir khac nhau nhu ph n tu
thanh, phin tir

1
phfing, phAn hr kh6i... Hinh 6.3 thS hi n m6 hinh ph n tu huu h n kJt c&u - n n sfr d\mg
phfin tir kha.c nhau, ket du ch6ng do (bao g6m thanh neo, VO hflm) SU dvng phfl.n tir thanh
va n€n sir dl,lng phfin tu phing.

Hinh 6.3. 1.vf6 hinh phfm tU" hi'iu lu.m kit c<iu trong nJn

6.1.3.1. Roi l'{lC neo gia ca va gia cJ t{ltn

Thanh nco thong tlurong m6 phong b ng ph n tfr thanh chi chiu kco ncn. D6i v6'i gia c6
t m khi dao hgm, khi 16-p vfra phun kha mong m m khong th truy n 1116 men u6n chi c6
thS truy n h,rc d<;>c, luc nay cung c6 th m6 phong bing phin tu thanh chi chju keo nen.
Khi lap be tong phun day ho c khi c6 khung lu&i vom, lcrp be tong phun ltlc nay khong
nhfrng tmy6n h,rc dc;,c ma con c6 kha nang trny n h,rc cit va m6 men u6n, vl v y nen dung
phfin tu ph ng (nhu phfi.n tu: tu giac, phfin tu- tam giac) dS m6 ph6ng ho c mo phong
bfing phfin tfr dfim. Khi dimg phfin tfr dfim m6 phong lop gia c6, do chuySn vi l&p gia c6
va n6n xung quanh kh6ng a6ng thoi vi v y thuong SU d\mg ph§n tfr tiep XllC gifra lop gia
c6 va
nt'!n xung quanh.

Nen
y /
k_x Thanh neo
.7
/

/ 't ·:I!

Phan Ill tiep xuc

lflnh 6.4. Roi rq.c chimg ilo· f(lln

16
 6.1.3.2. Ro'i r{IC llfp VO hiim hoijc tuimg CU'
06i v&i lop vo him ho c tuang cu thong thuang mo phong b ng ph!n tu kh6i; d6i v&i
bai toan bi n d:;mg phiing thmmg su dµng ph n tu ph:lng (phin tu tu giac ho c phin tu tam
giac) va ph&n tu thanh (phfrn tu d m) dt? mo phong (hinh 6.5). D6i v6i k t du h m, do gifra
l&p v6 h m va n n xung quanh c6 d t t:im ch6ng th&m vi v y gifra l&p v6 hilm va n n chi co
th6 tmy n l\rc thco phuang vuong g6c, chi c6 tha trnyen riit tt ho c khong uuy6n Ive dt do
d6 giiI 101) vo h!m va 1611 phun vti'a gia c6 t m1 cung dnb6 tri phfin tu ti p xuc.

ffinh 6.5. Su di.mg ph6n Hinh 6.6. Su d1J,ng phdn tir

tudcim hiin dt;mg ph5ng mo phnng nJn
mo ph(mg kit ctiu l&p VO hdm
6.1.3.3.Rifi r(lc 11Jn
N6n la v t li u hinh thanh t',( nhien, vi v y ciu t;,iu tuc.mg d6i phfrc t p. No khong chi co
kh6i d6ng nMt ma con c6 thf: t6n tc;u dirt gay ho c xen k p m m y u. Tfing xen k9p ho c dui
gay anh huang riit ton d n t111h 6n djnh cu.a ket ciiu nSn, do d6 khong thS bo qua trong 1116
hinh. N6i chung n6n thuong sir d\Ulg ph§.n nr phing (phftn tu- m giac hoijc tam giac) di:
mo phong
(hinh 6.6), d6i v&i lop xen k p mem ySu va d(rt gay co th@ mo phong biing phkn tfr ti@p xuc.

6.1.4. Di u ki n bien
Du cong lrinh dm1i djt d2u Ultl/C dau trong kh6i rn3n co Lrng su§t, vi v y trung tinh toan
mo ph6ng s6 thm:mg sfr d mg phLrong thtrc tinh toan gia tai n(,i b(,, tuc la do dao ma (J xung
quanh h6 dao hlnh thanh tai tr911g giai ph6ng, gia tri cu.a 116 biing ung sufit ban diu t i bien
dao va tac di,mg nguqc l9i tren bien dao, nhu biSu thi & hinh 6.7.

1
Hinh 6. 7. Phirong thuc giai ph6ng n<5i b<5

16
 Bien o.goai ph vi tinh toan co thJ sir dt;mg hai phuang thfrc xir ly: rn9t la ch u ki n bien
chuy6n vt hay la gia. thi t chuy n vi ditrn trcn bicn bfuig O (cung c6 th6 gia thi6t la g6i dirn
h6i ho c chuyen vi cuong bfrc, nhLmg lrong phan tich cong trinh ng m dt it dtmg); hai la
gia. thiJt di u ki n bien lvc, xac dinh tt'r tnrong irng su t band1u trong kh6i n n bao g6rn
di u ki n bien f:\r do (p = 0). Vfui c6 th gan di u ki n bien h6n hgp, tire la. mot d9 f:\r do
cua ditm nl'.1t chi dinh chuyGn vi, m(>t d(> tv do khac chi dtnh l rc nut (d6i voi bai loan
phfing).
Duong nhien b t kS la xi:r ly nao
d u co sai s6 nhfit d nh, sai s6 tang len k.hi giam nho ph
vi tinh toan, sai s6 gin bien r t km, g9i la "hi?u img bien". Hifu img bien anh hu6ng ro
rang trong phan tich d(mg dn phai xfr ly. IIinh 6.8 tht; hi n rnc)t vai hinh thfrc di8u ki n
bien.

\' V
□□
\]

□
_;-q
[,',
□ J

fj_ D ';r:'
.
Ll
0. .:.......
a) Bien chuydn vi b) Bien h.rc c) Bien h6n lu;p

ffinh 6.8. Dt§u ki¢n bien ph{.lm vi tfnh toan

Khi kSt d.u nong, phia tren la bien tµ do, xem xet tac dµng tn,mg hJc, 1mg suit bandiiu
phan b6 hinh thang tac d1,mg hai ben, h s6 ap l rc ben la11( 1-p); khi k6t diu sau, frng
su&t ban d u tren bien phan bf> dSu tac d1=1ng d u len hai ben va dinh, h s6 ap ti.re ben xac
dinh rir
quan td.c ho c kinh nghi m.

6.2. PHAN TiCH MA TR N D() Clf C PHAN Tlf

6.2.1. l\'Ia tr n dQ cU11g phin tir tam giac 3 di m nut

6.2.1.1. Ham s6 hinh d9ng

Hinh 6.9 th hi n m9tph&n tu hinh tam giac e, di m dinh tam giac ladi m n(1t, ma
diGm nfrt la l, m, n. M6i m(>t di6rn n(1t co hai chuy€n vi th ng u, v theo phuong trvc x va y
trong m t phing. Ph n tu c6 3 diem nut, t6ng c(>ng c6 6 thanh ph&n chuySn vi. C6 thS
1
dung ma tr n d€ bi€u thi nhu du6i day:

(6.11)

Goi {<>}" la vec ta chuy€n vi nut cua ph n tfr, ph§n tu nay c6 6 b c w

do.
DS giai ma tr n do cung phfrn nr can phan tich biSn hinh ci'.la phfrn nr, dung phuong
phap chuySn vi cin phan tich chuySn vi trong phAn tu. chuy€n vi trong ph n tu cUng la
ham s6 cua t()a do u (x,J , v(-"\'.,J d6u chua biJt; du6-i tr ng thii chiu h,rc thong thuong r t
kh6 xac
dinh. Tuy nhien khi phfrn tit· rit nho, chuySn vi trong phfin tir c6 thS thong qua m3i suy rir

16
chuy n vj nut. 06i khi c6 thS dung c6ng tlurc rn)i suy hi n c6 n.l:m rn)i suy Lagrange, n9i suy
Hermite, ClJng v6i ham s6 spline... Duoi day lfiy ph.ln tfr tam giac dcm gian lam vi d\l, gi&i
thi u m◊t lo i phuong phap ph6 bi6n 15y chuy6n vi diJm nitt d
m)i suy chuy n vi trong
ph n lir.
y

m
X
0'----------------
Hi'n h 6•9• Pha, i ntu' : hm' h. tam gi·a' c 3 <cfa· e.1m nu' t

- Lga ch<:m each tln'.rc chuy@n vj

BS mieu r.1 chuySn vi u(x,y), v(r.,y) cua m9t diSm bfit ky trong phfin nr, gia thi t u, v la
ham s6 nao d6 cim t9a d9 x. y; cung chinh la l\ra ch9n ca.ch thfrc chuy n vi thich hqp. Bi n
phap don gian nh t la l5y u, v la ham s6 b c nh&t Clta X, y hay sfr ch,mg each thfrc chuy2n vi
d,,mg da thuc.
Ph.in tu tam giac don gian c6 6 b c ni· do, chuy@n vi u, v cua mot di m nao do trong ph
n tu dn tu 6 thanh phfi.n chuy@n vi hoan toan xac d:,inh. Vi v y trong each thfrc chuyJn vi dn
bao ham 6 h9 s6 dm;rc xac djnh a1, a2, ... , a6. Di€:u nay c6 the gia thi@t chuy n vi trong phfin
lLr la ham s6 tuy2n tinh CLta x, y bi6u thi nhu du&i day:

u(x,y)=a1 +a2x+a3_v·} (h.l )

2
v(x,y) = a4 + a5x+a6y
Cong thfrc tren duqc vi6t du&i d ng ma tr n nhusau:
a-l i

r U ( X, _v)}= [ 1 X ),'
0 o
0 l
Cl2

I i .)
a
(6.13)
r
lv(x.y) 0 0 0 X YJ ll4
1 Cl5

la6LJ
Ho c vi6t don gian thanh:

(6.14)
1
 [M] [ X

0
y
0
0 0
I X y
ol
{a}=[a1
a2 a3 G4 as a6r
- Thi t l p quan h gifra chuy@n vj nut phfin tu: ( o}•? vo"i mang tham sb chuy n vi {a}.
Cong thuc (6.14) biSu thi chuy@n vj cua m9t diSm trong phin ru, t.,ii di m nut phlln tu
ch{mg cfin lfty gia tri chuy6n vJ cua diem nut. Yi dt_1 nlur l y t9a d9 cua di€m nut I la Xt vay1
thay vao c6ng thuc (6.14) duqc chuy n vi di€m nllt ct:1a di@m nut/:

Y 0
0 1 x, (6.15)

Tuong t r voi diJrn n(,t m va n ta c6 ma tr n t6ng hgp nhtr sau:

U1 l 1 x, Yt 0 0 0 l a1 l
Vz () 0 () 1 Xt Y1 a2

u 1 xm Ym 0 0 a,
-? (6.16)
m
=0
vm 0 0 0 1 xm Ym a4
Un 1 0 0 0 as
.x" Yn
lvf 0 0 0 1 xn Yn J la6
l
Viet don gian thanh:

{Jr=[A]{a}
{c5}e la clmy n vi di m nut phfin tu e; [A] la ma tr n h s6 da bi t co lien quan d€n tc;,a d9
diSm nt:Lt phftn tt'.r e, la ma lf?Il 6x6.
- Giai ma tr n hams6 hinh d,,mg.
Tt'r c6ng thuc (6.16) giai ra:

Thay vao cong th(rc (6.14) ta co:

Ho c viJt don gian thanh:

(6.17)
trong do: [lV] g9i la111a tr n ham sb hinh d mg, la ma t:r n 2x6, cac phan t6 trong ma tr n g9i
la ham s6 hinh d mg.
17
 (6.18)
Nm 0 ol
0 Nm
I (6.19)
Cac ham s6 hinh d ng la: N/ J
l\TI =(a1 +b1x + c1y ) / 2L\
1 -
I
Nm=(am+b111x+CmY) I 2L\ (6.20)
1V11 = ( + x +c y) I 2L\ lj
11
a11 b11

trong d6: /\ la di n tfch cu.a phfin tu hinh tam giac; a, b, c la h? s6. Chung d u c6 lien quan
voi
toa do di m nut cua ph n tu hinh tam giac, c6 thJ thu du<;c khi su d\lng ma tr n [A] dmn

l
day:
l x, Yt

[A] =l Xm Ym
l Xn Yn
Di n tich phftn tir hlnh tam giac c6 th tinh toan nhu duoi day:

L=\ ( XtYm + XmYn + XnYt) _ ( XmYt + Xn.Ym + X1Yn)

2 2
Ngoru. ra:
a, = xm Ym , b, =-
1 Ym
, c, = 1 xm.

x,, Yn 1 Yn 1 xn
X
I Y1 1 1. x,
Y1
am=- , bm = , cm = - 1 (6.21)
x,., Yn 1 Yn xn
x, Yt 1 Yt 1 x,
(lll = , bn l
, C:1 =
Xm Ym Ym 1 Xm
=
Sau kbi c6 ma tr n ham s6 hinh '4tng [.l\ c6th€ sir d\lng chuy€n vi di€m nut phin tfr n◊i
suy thu dm;rc ham s6 chuyJn v c11a noi b<, phfin tu, day la phuang phap thuang dung
trong phmmg phap phin tt'.r hfru h n. Ph n tfr hinh d,,mg giGng nhau c6 th6 sfr <lvng di m
nutkhac nhau va ham sf> hinh d?-ng khac nhau. Ham s6 hinh d ng la h911 ly hay khong se
anh hu&ng

1
d€n tinh chit cua phin tu, anh huong d n d◊ chinh xac giai, tinh h(h t\l... Vi v y ham s6
hinh d?-ng v&i ma trip} ham s6 hinh d g rfit quan trc;mg trong phan tich phfin tir hfru h .

ng suatA va
. . • . v.,,.,,, , b ien
. A t.l(Ing cu,1
. ph an
A hr
6212
Sau khi l§y chuy n vi cua di m nutden(h suy ra chuyJn vi cac diJm trong ph n tir, rue la
co th0 thu dugc l'.rng suftt va bien d?Tig cac t.fo3m trong ph§n ttr. Dva vao cu h9c dan h6i
da

17
bi€t, quan h gifra chuy n vt va bi€n d ng c6 th d11ng plmong trinh hinh h9c dJ bi u tht nhu
du6i day:

{r.} = [r.x
r.y ' CV au avY
By a_v+a)J
[
= O-:-

Yx,, . J u:,
U
Lfty cong thuc (6.17) thay vao tren ta c6:

a 0 l
Dx
{c}= 0
0
?,y
[N]{<>r
a 0
oy cx'.J
Ho c vi t dun gian
thanh:

{c}=[B]{br (6.22)
trong d6: fBJ g9i la ma tr n bien d ng.

0 bb 0 bn ol
[B] =-1
2L\
l0 c, 0 cm 0 en (6.23)
c, hz cm bm en b"U
Bay la ma tr n 3x6, trong d6 A la di¢n tich hinh tam giac, phan t6 b, c c6 th tinh toan
theo cong thuc (6.21), chung d u la hing sf> co lien quan d@n tc;,a d(} di m nutphfrn tir.
Cong thl'.rc (6.23) c6 th6 vi6t du6'i d ng nhu sau:
[B]=[B1 Bm Bn] (6.24)
Cac kh6i con trong c6ng thuc (6.24) duqc viSt du6·i d;,mg nhu du&i day:
[B]=- 0 C; (i = !, m, n)
2A b.
I cI - I '_j
Luc nay c6ng thfrc (6.22) c6 thi khai triJn theo di rn rn'.1t nhu sau:
1

(6.25)

1
 06i vai ph11 tu hinh tam giac dcrn gian, ham s6 hinh d g d6u la tuy n tinh, con toan
tu vi phan bi6n d mg ctia bai toan ph ng d6u la tinh toan b c nhfit, hi6n nhicn cac phan 16
ci1a ma tr?n [BJ sau khi tinh toan dt?u la h ng s6, hay [BJ la m<'.)t ma tr n bring s6. Theo cong
thuc (6.22) c6 th6 th§y rftng bien d ng ph§n tfr {&} cung dn la hiing s6, hay bien d ng
trnng ph n
tu hinh tam giac don gian la bing nhau, la m<)t lo:;ii ph1n tir bi n d,,mg h:lng s6.

17
 Ducri day thao lu n irng sufit cac diJm trong phfin hr. Dva tren n n tang co h9c dan h6i da
bi t, quan h img suit va bi@n d ng c6 thS biSu thi bilng phu011g trinh v t ly:
{er} =[ D]{c·}
trong d6: [D] la. ma tr n c1an h6i.

1 l
A11 l dx
1
[ D] = E0 ,WI 1111
0 0 0 A-f2
0 0 0 0 A12
0 0 0 0 0 1\12J

E o= E(I- µ) ; _!! ,- }vf2 = 1-2,u

_M=1
(1+µ)(1-2µ) 1-µ 2(1-µ)

L&y cong thirc (6.22) thay vao cong thirc tren c6 th thu duqc img suit phAn
tu:
(6.26)

Cong thuc nay ciing duqc (mg d\mg ph6 bi n, trong d6 [S] = [D][B] g9i la ma tr n ung
suftL. 06i voi bai loan t'.mg suftt ph ng, c6 th6 phan theo di6m nut nhu du6i day:

µci l
ci ( i = l. m. (6.27)
n)
l-,u
-b-11
2 lj

C6 th6 th§y riing ma tr n LS] la ma tr n 3x6 c(ta ph n tCr hinh tam giac c1cm gian. Theo
cong thuc (6.26) c6 th phan theo di m tltlt nlm sau:

(6.28)
Trong truong hqp binh thucmg {a} la m9t mang ham sb. D6i vo·i phlln tu: bi n d,,mg h ng
s6 nhu phfin Lu d6ng ch§t, [D] la h§ng s6, h'.Lc nay { a} ctfag la h ng s6. Day la lo i phAn
tu· irng suftt hilng s6.
(fog su t fl"ong pbin nr la. hing s6 nlmng du&i tqmg thai binh thuong gia tri irng su§t cac
phftn ru trong kJt du la khac nhau vi vay gifra cac ph n tu m c d11 lien We v chuySn
vi nlmng img suAt khong lien t\lC, c6 d9t bi n. Tren thvc t , trucmg irng sufit Clla bai toan
philng nen lien t\lC. Di6u nay ro rang mau thuin phuong phap gin dung phin tu huu h n
1
mang l i. Tutqrc quan c6 th6 th§y k6t c u chia ph§n tir cang nh6, irng su t trong pbin tfr

17
nho cirn kbt du thvc tb cang d u, gfin v&i gia tri hfing s6. Nhu v ysir d1.1ng phfin nr hinb
tam giac dan gian, khi ph§.n tu du nh6, la c6 thS liy 1'.rng sufit hring s6 trong ph§.n tu; dot
biSn t'.mg su§t gifra cac ph§n tu cung kh6ng 1cm, ti9m c n v&i giai chinh xac. N6u liy irng
suit cua phfin tu, 15.y gia trj trung binh, hi¢u qua c6 thS t6t hon mot chut.

6.2.1.3. , a tr n ilp clrng plu2n tir

Hinh 6.10 the hi n phftn ru e co ba ai m nut l, m, n. Khi k t du chiu lvc sc bi n hlnh,
tren m6i di€m nut cua phin tuchtu tac d\mg Clla I\TC·se biJn hinh, di€m m'.it phat sinh
chuy€n vi- Lvc nttt ph§n ttr {it va chuy€n vj ntLt ph§n tfr tuong img {J}e d u co 6 thanh
ph n nhu biSu thi tren hinh 6.10. L n luqt bi u thi du6i d ng ma tr n nhudu&i day:

{Pr= [Pxl Py! Pxm Pym P.w Pyn]T

{()r =[ UJ VI um vm Un vn ]T

y vn
Pyn

m P,m
o x
In11h 6.10. Vee to·chuyJn vi va vec to· hrc nut
Tuong l'.rng v6i bien hinh ph§n tir, trong ph§n tir c6 bien d g va l'.mg suit hrang l'.rng, c6
thJ thu dugc tfr cong thuc (6.22) va (6.26):
{c:} =[B]{ c>r Ii
{er}=[ o][ BJ{()rlJ (6.29)

Khi kJt d.u emu tai tn;mg d t d€n vi tri bi€n hinh tinh, cac ph:in tu cung chiu tac d\l!lg
cua h,rc nut phAn tu {p}" d§.n d n t'.mg su t n9ib◊ma con & tr:;ing thii canb ng. D\fa vao
nguyen ly cong kha di, khi chuySn vi nut bit ky, t6ng cong cua I\Ic nut ph5n tir (ngo 1 lµc)
{p}e va noi l\fc {a} bing 0, me la:

(6.30)

Khi diSm nut phfm tu co chuySn vi kha di {S} b5.t kf dm;rc b1Su thi du&i d ng matr n:

1
 Thi cac di m trong ph n tuse sinh chuy n vj kha dT u *, v" va bi6n d:;mg kha di&;, &:,

r:Y tuong i'.mg, chung d u la ham s6 cua toa do x, y, l n luQt theo c6ng tht'.rc (6.17) va
(6.22) noi suy thu duqc:

(6.31)

(6.32)

Bfiu tien tinh toan c6ng ciia hrc m:it phfin tu:
l!r * ,,._ i!c •

JAP = Ut Pxt + v, Pyt +UmPxm +VmPym +UnPxn +VnPyn

Cong thi'.rc tren vi t theo hinh thi'.rc ma tr;).n nhu sau:

oAP ={l}T{ p}e (6.33)

Tiep U).C tinh toan cong noi ll,rC, trong bai toan ph ng cong cua noi )\(C trong toan bo phfin
tfr la:

c>A(J = -L,e(c::O'.. + :ay + r:}.T xy) dV

C:

trong d6: V'' la th tich phfin tu. Cong thuc tren vi t theo hinh thfrc ma tr n la:

- -f vt.f'l ix"}TJta },
c>Aa - (6.34)
dv

L§.y c6ng thi'.rc (6.29) va (6.32) thay vao cong there.(6.34) dm)·c:

t3Aa = -vf e([B]{ l} )r[DJ[B]{J}e. dV = -fve{a:}T[B([ DJ[ B]{ o}e. dV

{J°} va {8}e trong cong thirc tren la chuy6n vi kha di diSm nut ph n tfr va chuy6n vi di m
nut phfu1tu, khi tich phan th tich phin tu clumg la h g s6 c6 thi dua ra ngoai d u tich phan:

oA(J =-{ l ( Ive[Bf [DJ[ B]dV{ or (6.35)

L y c6ng thuc (6.33) va (6.35) thay vao cong thfrc (6.30) duqc:

ChuySn vi kha di di m nut {l} la b:it ky, tu- cong thu:c tren c6 thS gian u6·c {J°}r duqc:
(6.36)
Cong thuc (6.36) larn9t vec ta g&rn 6 phuang trinh d i s6, bi u thj quan h gifra 6 thanh
ph n l\rc nut va 6 thanh ph n chuy n vi nut ct.ia phin tue. N u l:ly:

17
 [kt= te[ Bf'[ D][ (6.37)

B]dV
thi:
{pr=[kt{Jr
trong c16: [kt chinh la ma tr n d9 c(mg ci1a ph n tfr e. Do ma tr n h s6 dan h6i [DJ la ct6i
xung nen [kt ding d6i x(rng.
Cong thirc (6.37) m c du la cho phfin tir binh tam giac don gian cua bai toan phling
nhtmg c6 tinh ph6 bic?n, bi u thfrc ma tr n de) cimg phfin tu ph6 bi€n thich hgp trong phan
tich phfin tfr hfru h n mo hinh chuyJn vj. 06i vcri bai toan khac, [BJ va [DJ trong cong thuc
la khac nhau. Du&i truang hqp blnh tlmcmg, [BJ la ma tr n ham s6, cong thirc (6.37) cfin
tinh toan tich phan. D6i v6i phin tu tam gi:ic don gian cua bai toan philng do [BJ la ma tr n
h?ing s6, khi ph.ln ti'.r la d0ng ch t va d◊ day h cfmg la h ng s6 ta c6:

(6.38)

trong d6: .0. la di?n tich hinh tam giac, cong thirc nay co thS dung v6-i hai tr;,lng th:ii img
suftt phing va bi n d;,lng philng, ma tr n [DJ trong hai tr;,lng thai nay c6 gia tri khac nhau.

Ma tr n 09 cung phfin tu [kt la ma tr n d6i xung 6x6, c6 th bi u thi theo d ng phan

kh6i theo diSm nut, tire la ma tr n biSn d:;mg [BJ trong cong tln'rc (6.24) thay vao cong
thirc (6.38) c6:

(6.39)

Sau khi khai tTi n thu duqc:

[kf [ k,, k,111 k,11 l

= kmt kmm kmn
knt knm. k,m
06i vO'i bai toan philng, m(>t ma tr n kh6i coi b&t ky la 2x2, c6 th6 bi6u thi la:

1-µ t-p ]- Jl
+- -c,.cs crcs +-2-
Eh h,. 2 brbs LJ
=----
1-,u l (r. s =
4(1-µ2).0.
flCrbs +--b,.c8 /th,.c., + - - I, m.
2 c,.hs
2 n)
1
 (6.40)

.0., b, c ...trong cong lhfrc (6.40) do cong tht'.rc (6.21) quy6t dinh.

18
 M9t vai khai ni m ca ban duqc gi&i thi u c'r tren
y
nhu ham s6 h,nh d ng phfin tu, ma tr n biSn d ng, d9
cung ph§n tfr... , chimg c6 vi tri quan trong trong m(O,d)
phan tich phAu ti'r hfru h n. D@ lam ro han nhfrng v n
d tren, lfiy mot phfin tu c1,1 th lam vi d1,1. Hinh 6.11
th€ hi n m<)t ph&n tu hinh tam giac vuong can c6 d◊
n(O,O) ----'.._l(_d_,O_) ,x►
day 1a h, c:;mh g6c vuong la d, ba diem IlLLt la /, m. n. _

Do b s6 a., b. c... chi quyet djnh gia u-t sai s6 t9a d◊ ID11l1 6.11. Phdn tu hinh tam giac
di m nut, vi thS khi tinh toan phlln tu d&i v6-i h t9a do vuong g6c song song vai nhau la
nhu nhau. I)€ ti n cho vi c Linh loan c6 the l y c nh g6c vu6ng ph§n lLr la trvc X, y nhu
hinh 6.11.
Tu hinh 6.11 co the thu duqc t9a dQ diem n(Lt phfui ti'r la:
x = d, X = 0, x = 0
1 111 11

Yt = 0, Ym = d, Yn = 0

Tt'r c6ng tht'.rc (6.21) c6 th6 giai rah s& a, b, c, ... , C\1 th6:

!Ji = d, bm = 0, hn = -d
c =0, c =d, c =-d,=d2 /2
1 111 11

Tt'r cong thuc (6.20) c6 thS giai ra ham s6 hinh d ng cuacac diSm m'.1t:
x y (d-x-y)
fll =-, N,n =-, iVn = -
d d d
N€u thay vao bo-ia toa CLLa cac di m hiGn nhi n phlL tinh ch§t CLLa ham s6
tri• do
,

nt'.1l hnY·tn"
J

hinh <l?-ng:

N, +Nm+ Nn =1
Tu c6ng tht'.:rc (6.19) thu chrqc ma tr n ham s6 hlnh d ng cua phfui ti'r:
O y
[ N ] =-
1 [X O y 0 d-x-y
d O x 0
1
 0 7
d-x- YIJ (6.
41
)

18
 Tir c6ng thfrc (6.23) thu duqc ma tr n bi n d ng Jama tr?n hing
s6:

Tu c6ng thuc (6.27) thu duqc ma tr

[BJ= 0 0 0 I
l l O O O -1

0 J l O -1
ung suit Clla phful tu:
O -1
0

-lU
7 (6.42)

l
-µ
l 0 0 /1 -
E 1 (6.4
[SJ 2
p 0 0
d ( 1- 11 ) 0 (l - µ) (I- 0 (µ- (µ-
Ti€p we theo c6ng thirc (6.38) thu duqc ma tran phin tu-:

1 7
0 (l-µ)/2 @x

[ k]' 2l(: 0 (I-µ)12 (I-p)/2 (6.44)

p
u 2)
0 0 1
-l (11 -1) / 2 (p -1) /2 -j.l (3-p)/2

-11 (p -1) / 2 (11-1)12 -1 (1+µ)/2 (3- µ)l 2LJ

Chuy8n vi dibm nut ph&n tfr tmmg (mg h\:

Tir c6ng th(rc (6.44) thiy ring, ma tr n de) c(mg phin tfr Clla hinh tam giac vuong can
khong ph\l thUQC vao chiSu da1 d, dSu gi6ng nhau. Tren tht,rc tS d6i v6i bai toan ph5ng,
tinh chit v t ly v t li u gi6ng nhau thi ph n tu tucmg tt,r hlnh d ng hinh h9c d u c6 ma tr
n dQ
cl'.mg phfin tfr gi6ng nhau. Su d mg tinh chftt nay c6 th6 d6 dang giai bai toan nay.
Ham s6 hinh di:ing, ma tr n biSn d ng, ma tr n ungsuit va ma tr n do cung ph n tu
cua phin tu d u thJ hi n 1119t s6 d c tinh cua phfrn tu, voi tn;mg thai chuySn vi cua
m(>t nut nao d6 deu duqc tr g thai co h9c ClJa phAn tu tuang t'rng. N u h y chuy n vi di
m nut ph[tn tt'.r la:

{ ,5r =[I O O O O Of
Hay khi u,= 1 con thanh phAn chuyJn vi diSm nut khac b ng 0, tir biSu thu-c ma tr n ham
s6 hinh d,;mg (6.41) va biJu thuc (6.17) co thJ giai ra chuyJn vi trong phfin tu la:
u=x/1, v=O (6.45)

T1r bi u thfrc ma tr n bi n d ng (6.42) va bi u th(rc (6.25) c6 th€ giai ra biJn d ng trong

1
ph n tfr la:
"x = I / d' r, y = Yxy = 0 (6.46)

18
 Day la. keo dan m9t bu&ng pban b6 c1 u tbeo plmcmg tn,1c x. Tt'r biSu thfrc ma trfm i'.rng
su l (6.43) va bi u thfrc (6.28) c6 th thu duqc Ive rn'.,t Lmmg l'.rng:
E J1E
0 (6.47)
(Jx =( 1- ;i ) d ' (T =y ( 1- 1i ) d, rlY =
Trong phftn tu c6 i'.rng suftt keo phan b6 d@u theo hai phucmg x va y.
L y chuyen vi di2m ni'.Lt da bi2t { b }e va bi2u thi'.rc ma tr n ci'.rng phAn tfr (6.44) thay vao
biJu thi.'.l:c quan h { b}e = [kt { b}e co th6 thu duqc l\IC nut tuong (mg:
Eh
-pJ
'l'
{pV= ( )[1 o o µ -1 (6.48)
2 1-p 2

Trong hinh 6.12 du9c m9t nh6m Ive nut nay,p trong
hinh la: y

Hibn nhien nh6m h_rc nut nay la can bing. Tren thvc t

t , tuong {mg v6i chuy n vi di m nut phfin tu tuy y,11,Tc n X

nut phfin tu o u la can bfulg, thoa man plurong trinh can
bing nh§.t dµlh, vi V?Y ma tr n 09 cirng phfin nr d€u la.
ky di. lflnh 6.12. Phdn tu· hinh tam giac
Theo quan diSm dta phAn Lfr hfru h n, l(1c nay ph n tfr du&i tac d mg Ive t p trung la h,rc
nut phin tu {pr =[ p O O µp - p -µpr phat sinh chuyJn vi nut phin tu

{b'( =[1 0 0 0 0 0 t, con t<;10 thanh tnrang bi€n d mg cteu l'x = lid. M◊t khia C<;!

Ilh
khac' l o a. i bi6n da. n:O:,' nay llrong" (mg voi lrlf<Jllg- (mg su§t d6u (xcm Cong thuc 6.47)'· Tir
diGu
ki n can biing, i'.mg su t chinh va t'.mg suit dt tren bien nghieng l111cua phfin tir nay la:
crx+c,1, E
(J - ' -----
n- 2 (co45°s+ sin 45°)- P 2(1- d

T =
2 ( <T_:i;-(TV
.• =----
E
cos45° + sin45°) 2(1+ ft )d
Ph.in nr trong hinh 6.12 du&i tac dw1g c.fra hrc bien phan b6 a,, a,., a,, va r, dat d n

1
mot truong (mg suiit dbu, k116ng phai la tl_lO thanh tu h,rc nut tac d1mg t p trung, Uibu nay
ro rang mau thu n v6i phAn tu hfru h . Tuy nhien, c6 th ki m chimg Ive phan b6 tren
ba bien trong phfin tfr hlnh 6.12, phan ph6i binh quan lcn hai di6m nut li6n k6 chinh la cac
Ive m'.1t
t p trung, hay ket qua Ctla bi<?u thuc (6.48). C6 th6 noi lvc Illlt da thay th tmmg um.mg l!JC

18
bien. Trong k t du tu la bien lien n;ic, gifra chtmg c6 tac dt)ng lvc
tln;YC t , gifra cac phfin
phan b6, can ban kh6ng t6n t i Ive rn'.1t t p tnmg. Trong phan tich phfin tt'.r huu h n, cac phfin
tu n6i v&i nhau t<;1i cac diem ni1t, chi c6 tac d\mg l\,Tc t p tnmg thong qua di6m nut. Vi v(ty
day la mc)t lo:;ii phuong phap gin dung, phin tu cang nho, mu:c d◊ gin dung ctla no cang t6t.

6.2.2. lVla tr n dQ cU11g phfin tir diing tham s& hai chi u

6.2.2.1. m,1h thu·c chuyJn vi ciia ph,i11 tu· hinh t11· gitic
Trong phan tich hai chi<?u, ph&n tu dO'TI gian nh&t la ph&n tu hinh tam giac dO'TI gian c6
ba diSm nut, tiJp theo la phfin tu hinh chu nh t g6rn b6n diSm nut. lf u di m cua phfin tu
tarn giac la d phin chia lu&i va dap ung hinh d ng bien, ung d1,mg kha linh ho t. Nhuqc di m
la ung sufit va bi n d,_mg cua phfui tfr d u la h ng s6, d9 chinh xac khong cao. D{ic bi t t i
vitri t p trung (mg su t sinh sai s6 kha lon, hay b6 tri phin tfr day d c t';li vj tri nay v§n
khong
phan anh t6t tinh tr?,ng thay d6i ung suit tln,rc tt Vu diSm cu.a phfin nr chfr nh t la ung sufit,
bi n d:,mg cua phin tu thay d6i tuyJn tinh, ma con phan inh kha nang phan b6 ung suit thi,rc
t t6t hon ph5n tu tam gia.c. Nlmqc di m la ph§n tir khong thich hqp v&i bien cong va bien
nghieng, cung khong th6 thay d6i kich thu&c tt\y y, tinh thuc (mg d.t h:;m chf Hai phin tt'r
nay c6 d(> chfnh xac h m ch nhfit djnh. 0um1g nhien cung co thJ dung bi?n pbap tang di
m m'.tt ue cai t6 dt) chinh xac ph n t11, nhLmg u(i kh6 tinh loan tang len r t nhieu,
nhLCng v n khong co hi u quad6i v&i bien cong. Du&i day se gi&i tbi u phfin nr hinh tu
giac bi u thi
nhu hlnh 6.13a. N6 c6 d c di m cuaphin nr hinh chfr nh t, nhLmg thich frng voi di<?u ki?n
bien plu'.rc t p. Hi11h thuc phfin nr nay ung dµng r(>ng rai trong cac bai toan phfmg cua If
thuyet clan h6i co bien phCrc t;,:tp nhu n8n, tuong chin... Vi <lv nhLr mo phung qua trinh thi
cong dao h6 m6ng, nghien cuu tqmg thai ung su5.t n n, tinh toan 611 dinh rnai d6c ...
Du6'i day trinh bay hinh thfrc chuy n vi su dvng ph:ln tu hinh ti'.r giac. Hinh tht'.rc chuy n
vjcua phin tu binh chfr nh t la:
u = a1 f- a2.x+ a3y +
(6.49)
a4 .xy}
v = a5 + a6x + a 7 y +a8,9-'
Do duong bien ci'rn phan hr hinh nr giac n6i chung khong song song voi h9 tn.1c t9a 09, do
d6 phuong trinh duong bien c6 th6 viJt thanh:
y=kx+b
(6.50)
L5.y cong tln'.rc (6.50) thay vao cong thfrc (6.49) thu duqc:

u = Ax2+Bx+C
(6.51)
C6 th thfiy dng hinh thuc chuy n vi tren ducmg bien hinh tu giac khong con la tbay
1
d6i tuy n tinh. Gia tri chuy n vj cac nut tren duang bien nay se khong th6 duy obit quy
t djnh gia tri ham s6 cua hai di m nuttren duang bien, tu do ma bien chung cua phin tu
li6n k

18
 kh6ng the bao dam tinh nhfit qmin, hay di u ki?n h(>i 11) kh6ng d t duqc thoa man, sfr d,mg
chuy@n d6i t9a de) c6 thS liy hinh thuc chuy@n vi cua hinh chfr nh t dS ma r(,ng cho hinh tu
giac bit k5,.
Chuy n d6i t9a de) la quan h hinh chi u cua h t9a d9 eve (s,t) thu duqc thong qua h t9a
d9 t6ng the (x,y), vi d,1 nlm sir dvng ph n nr hinh vuong hinh 6.13b thay thf: ph n nr hlnh tt'r
giac bftt ky hinh 6.13a. Ciin tun ra quan h chuySn d6i d&i u:ng m6i di m gifra hai lof,li
phiin lfr, n6 c6 the dtmg c6ng thfrc n9i suy bic3u th.ila:

x =.::!_(1- s )(1- t)+ Xz (1+s)(1-t)+x3 (I+s)(1+ t)+x4 ( 1 -s) ( 1+t)ll

4. 4 4 4 r (6.52)
y =y-f(l-s)(l-t)+y·; (l+s)(1-t)+y-f(l+s)(l+ t)' + ·V· 4 (1-s)(l+tI )
4

I= 1
4o-------------u3

s=
s=-1
1

X
l=-1 2
0
a) b)

Innh 6.13. Phdn tt'r hinh tugicic

Hien nhien c6ng tht'.rc (6.52) dua ra gia tri t9a 09 t6ng the diJm n6t drn b6n diem n(1t. Vi
<l\L nhu t.,ii di6m nC,t 1, au khi thay s = -1, t = -1 vao thu dugc .x = X1, y = YI· L1y t9a d◊ tam
hinh tir giac s = o, t = 0 sau khi thay vao cong thuc trcn thu duqc Xo = (x1 + X2 + X3 +
X4)/4, Yo= (vi+Y2+ y3+ y4)/4. Doh t9adq eve b9 thay d6i tuy n tinh so vai h t9a d9 t6ng
thS, vi v y hai gia tri tQa d<) cua m6i mot diem tren phftn tu d u tuong ung v6i nhau. Da
bi€t gia tri t9a 09 q1c bq cua m9t diSm nao d6 c6 th su d\mg c6ng th(rc (6.52) dS dua ra gia
trj tc;ia 09 t6ng th tuo-ng t'mg vi ngu9·c lc,ti. Phin tir hinh vuong trong hinh 6.13b g9i la
phin tir g6c,
ph n tir hinh tir giac bAt ky trong hinh 6.13a la ph n ti'r thvc ti sau khi roi r c h6a v t thJ.
Sau khi c6 ph5.n tir g6c gia tu&ng, chung ta c6 thS dS ding sir d1_.mg 116 d xay d1,mg hinh
thuc chuy n vi cua phin tu thgc t6. Tham khao k t qua cua phin tu chfr nh t 4 diem nut c6:

U=Jv1''1.11+ ]\T2u2+ Jv.'3u 3+,!\ 4 trong

L
f4u4=L"..,-} 1Mv / l 1 \ d6: bi u
thuc
u = N1v1 + N2v2 + N3v3 + 1\'4v4 = Nivi cua
1

1
him d,,mg Ni (i = l ~ 4) li:
(6.53)

19
 N1=_!_(1-s)(l-t}
4
N = 1 (1+s){l-t)
2
4 (6.54)
l
N,, = (t+s)(1+t)
4

N4 = !(1-s)(l+t)j

Ni = (I +-\S)(1+ tJ) (6.55)

S; va t; bi!u thi gia tritoa do C1}C bo tuong (mg cua di!m nut; s, t la la hai duong th ng d
t khong vuong g6c, chi co khi ph n Lfr nghicn cfru la hinh chfr nh t Lhi h9 t9a d(, s, t m6i
vuong g6c.
Lfiy hinh tht'.Tc chuy€n vj a bi6u thirc (6.53) va ham s6 hinh d ng th6 hi n o bi6u thuc
(6.54) dung cha phfin nr
hinh tfr gia.c cho trong hlnh 6.13a, thfiy dng hinh thfrc chuy n vi
nay khong th6a man di u ki n bien phin tu hinh tu: giac. Diu tien rir hinh thirc chuy n vj th€
hi n trong cong thi'.rc 6.53 nendua ra gia. trj chuy n vj m'.lt t,;1-i b6n diJm rn'.1t.
Vi d1,1 di m nut l, chuy n vj theo phuong tn,1c X la u,, chuy6n vj theo phuongy la V1' t9a
do c1ia di m nllt 1 s = -1, t = -1 thay vao cong thirc (6.54) thu duqc N1 = 1, N2 = N3 = N3 =
0, ti p t\lC thay vao cong thuc (6.53) thu duqc u = U1, V = v,.
Tuong tv vai di m nllt 2, 3, 4 dua ra duqc gift tri chuytn vt tuong{mg.
TiSp theo tren b6n bien cua phin tir, chuy n vj nen thay d6i tuySn tinh, vi d1,1 nhu qmh 23,
phlrong lrinh dll'l'm.g bien las= 1, thay vao bi u thfrc (6.54) thu <luge:
( 1-t) (l+t) _
N =- - lv
2 2 ' _, = 2 N1 = 1\T4 = 0
'

Ti p tl,LC thay vao bi u thtrc (6.53) thu UUQ'C chuySn vi duong bien:
1. )
U31l
1, )
U= 2p-t U2+2(l+t
1 1 r (6.56)
V =
2(1- f)V2 + 2 (1+ f)V3
Cong thuc (6.56) cho bi t chuy n vi cua m<'.;lt di m bfit ky duang bien tuy t9a d(> cµc b(> t
ma thay d6i tuy n tinh, th6a man hai di6u ki?n tren se bao dam tinh lien h,lc chuyJn vj tren
duang bicn phin tu lien ke. C6 the chirng minh nEu hinh thirc chuy6n vi & trong m6i phin tu
phan anh diy du chuy6n vi lrn6i cung va bi n d ng khong dbi, thi n6 cung nhftt dinh phan
anh dfty du chuySn vi kh6i cirng va biSn d',lng khong d6i trong phftn tu: thvc tJ.
1
 Sau khi so sanh bi u thfrc (6.53) va biSu tbirc (6.54) co th phat hifn hinh tbirc chuySn vj
va bi@u thuc chuy@n d6i t<;rn d9 da su dµng ham d ng tuang d6ng, vl v y phfin tu thvc t nay
g9i la phiin tu dftng tham s6. N u hlnh thuc chuy§n vj sir d\lng ham d:,mg b c cao hm1 ham
d mg chuy n d6i t9a do, ch(mg ta gQi la phfui tu b c cao. Nguo-c l.;1.i goi la ph§n tu- b c
thAp. Trong ba lo?,i phin tu nay phin tfr d.lng tham s6 su dl,lllg nhi u nh t nhung doi khi
trong tinh Loan vo cLmg su dvng phfui tt'.r b c th p va phfrn tfr b c cao.
M c <lLL ham <l mg ]Vi (s, t) trong biSu thlf<.: (6.54) la ham s/J cua t9a dt) qLc b◊, nhLmg
thanh ph§n chuy n vj ui, vi (i = 1 ~ 4) v n theo phucrng h t<;>a dQ t6ng thi.

6.2.2.2. Phan tich toa11 h9c ph6n tir aJng tham s6 lzai chiJu
Khi tiJn hanh phan tich ca hoc phfrn tir ding tbam s6, cin dimg dJn dao ham cac ham
d mg d6i v&i h t<;>a d9 t6ng thS, bi u thuc vi phan di n tich trong h t9a de) C\lC b9... Du6i
day Olra ra cac biSu thfrc nay.
- D{to hdm hdm d4mg a6i voi hi t9a ct() tJng thd
Dva vao guy t c d o ham ham s6 phuc hqp, c6:
fJNi DNi ox DN1 8y ·1
OS= ox As+ oy ?,s
I (6.57)
a N =i AN; ox+ cr1vTi ayl
ot ax 8t 8y ot J

fJNi l
OS
(6.58)
fJN.
at J
I

ax ay l
trong d6: [ J] as OS
g91. 1a· ma tr n acob' 1.
J A

= oxcy
Dt atU

(6.59)

BthayN-vao ma tr n Jacobi, ma diJm n11t cho a hinh 6.14a, thu duqc:

LAy cong thirc (6.56)
1 1

L
o NX - li I - DN1 iJN2 DN3 0N4l
'· v - X1 Y1l

a
[J]= i=l CS i=l S
1
OS OS OS
= DN, DN2 8N3
as X2 y') (6.60)
LOl I '" ' r
±ON; DN4
X3 Y3
i=l
1 iJt i xi
V-

19
i=l C.l
atX4 Y/J
at
fJt

at
u

1
 X
1 .Y17

[J] =
1[ -(1-1)
-
(1- t) (1+ t) x'l'-
Y
-(1 +t) 7
4-(1-s) -(1+ s) (1+s) (1- X1 , V 1
s)
1
J
X4 ,
V4 j
Do d6 gi<3ng nhu bieu tht'.rc chuyen d6i t9a d<) ( 6.52), chi can dua ra t9a d<) cua 4 di m nut
(x, y) (i = 1 - 4) du6i h t9a d<) t6ng thS, ma tr?n chuy€n d6i [J] c6 th€ hoan toan xac ctinh,
ma con m6i 1119t phan tb dSu la ham s6 tuySn tinh cua s ho c t.
Bi2u thfrc xac c!µih dta [J] la:

111 =½[(XuY24 - X24J'13) + s( X34J'12- X12Y34) + t(X23Y14- X14J23)] (6.61)

trong d6:

Ma tr n nghjch ciao cua [J] la:

[Jr1=-l-[(-.Y1-.v2+ Y3+ J'4)+(.Y-1.v2+Y1 -Y4)s
4I.J1 (x1 +x2 -x3-x4)-( x1-x2 +x3 -x4)s
06i v6i phfm tu hinh ur giac v6i ma diem rrllt tl.'ty y, ma tr n Jacobi
la:
X1 Yi 7
[l]=_!_[(l+t1t)s1 (l+t2t)s2 (l+t3t)s3 (l+t41)s l x2 y2
41
4 (l+s1s)t1 (l+s2s)t2 (l+s3s)t3 (l+s4s)t4j x3 y3
(6.63)
X4 J'4j
1[ a1+ At a? + Bt 7
= 4 a3 + As a: + Bs
trong d6:
4 4

A= Ls/ixi, B = Ls/,Yi
i=I i=l

4 4 4 4
a1 = a2= Isiyi, a3= a4= l);Y;
Isixi, Itixi. i=1

Bi8u thfrc xac c!µih la: a4 (a2

Ill=1 [( a +At)( + Bs)- + Bt )( a3

16 1

19
 +As)] (6.64)

= / [(a1a4 -a3a2)+(Ba1 -Aa2)s+(Aa4 -Ba3)t]

6

1
 Ma tr n nghjch ctao la:

(6.65)

- Vi phdn diin tich trong hi t9a d<5 to.ng thi-

Hinh 6.14 c6 mot vi phan di n tich dA=ABOD hinh binh hanh c6 c h song song v6i
t[\IC t Va tr IC s:
dA = ( a+h)( c+ d)-hd-ac = he+ad (6.66)

y y

s
ds

X aC b X
0 0
a} b)

Ilinh 6.14. Phdn tu hinh tt'r giac trong hf t9a d9 qJc b{J

Do plmang tq1c s chi la. thay d6i t9a d9 s, cont gifr khong d6i. Thanh phful vec ta vi phan
" ;1 '
ds theo phuang x va y lfin luqt la dsx = x ds, dsy = ;' d.s. Tuang tv nhu v y phucmg tn,1c t
CS OS
chi la thay d6i t9a d9 t, cons gifr khong d6i. Thanh phfin vec to vi phan dt theo phuang x

' ox CV
va
y Ian lm.)i la dt , = - dt, dtr dt.
-
1
a1 = -
ar
Ch(1 y d8n dsx = b, dsy = d, dtx = -a, dty = c sau va khi thay vao cong thfrc (6.65) thu
due.re:
ax oy ox ay
dA = - t - - t- (6.67)
ds- d
as a t adt d
a s (6.68)
dA= IJldsdt s

trong d6: IJJ- bi u thl'.rc xac dinh ci'rn ma tr n Jacobi.

ox ay
III=
19
 O
oOxS cy (6.69)
Dt Dt

1
 6.2.2.3. Jl1.a tr{jn d(, c{mJ: ciia phfin tii' dJng tham sJ hai chi;u
LAy ph n ti'r hinh tfr giac bAt kj, lam vi d\1, tiJn hanh phan tich ph§n ti'r d6i v6i ph n ttr
ding tham s6 hai chi u, tu
d6 xay d\mg ma tr hinh h9c, ma tr n irng suAt, ma tr n d9 cfrng
va vec tO' tai trc,mg tuong u:ng.
- .Ma tr(m hinh hrc:

au l
ox
ov (6.70)
Dy
D u
Dv
- +-
l y·
Kh6i nh6 trong do
la: CXJ
0_aI .N.
ay
[B;] = 8_N,8_N, (i=l-·4) (6.71)

ay ex J
Do cong thuc ham d,,mg la xay di,rng theo h t9a d9 C\lC b9 s, t, vi v y vln d.n phai
chuy6n thanh d{lO ham cua ham d ng theo h9 t9a d9 C\lC b9.
D ra vao cong thtrc (6.69) va cong thtrc (6.65), thay vao cong thtrc (6.71), sau khi chlnh
lythu du9·c:
si(a4+Bs)(l+tti)-ti(a2+Bt)(l+ssJ O l
[Bi]= I.IJ O ti(a1+At)(l+ssi)-s1(a3+As)(l+iti) (6.72)
ti ( al +At)(l + ssi)- Si ( G3 +As)( l + tti) + R5)(l +ft;) -ti ( a2 +Bt)(l + ssi) j
l
16 Si( a4

[J]-1 la ma tr n 2x2, xac dinh tu· bi u thu:c (6.69) ho c bi u thuc (6.62), d;.io ham cua
ham d?ng a6i v6i h t9a c1Q C\lC b9 la:
a.N. 1.
-(1+tfi S;'
) l
as
_ I =

4 r (6.73)
a,-.,(. 1() I
-:=i-=- l+ssi ti11
ct 4 u
Tir phuong trinh vat ly da bi€t:
(6.74)

19
 u1l
rJNl AN2 rJN3 AN4 V
1
0 0 0 0

ox l ox ex ox
U2

lD, D2 ol oN cN2 oN,1 V

1
oN J

0 0 0 r
{a}= 3 D4
0 DsU ay 0
ay 0
ay Dy
2
U3
DN uN DN iJN2 iJN DIV [)]\T4 DN
1 1
3
----1. 3
4 V3

oy ox oy ax oy ox oy ox U4

u lV4
trong d6: D1 ~ D5 la pban t6 ma tr n dan h6i, d6i v&i bai toan ung su t ph5ng la:
E µE E
D1 = D4 = , D2 = '.) , D3 = ( ) =G
1- µ2 µ- 2 1+ /1
1-
Ung sufit ph n ti:r la:

4 BN- 4 BN- l
(Jx =D1Li=I ox/ ui +D2Li=I a.vi V;
V
fJ =
oN_i
D
4
D,, 4oNi l (6.75)
L_i l
+4 i=l O)'
y 3 i=l - L_i -V- (

o x U

- 1.vfa tr(m ao cung phdn tu::

Tu cong thuc (6.69) va (6.68), sau khi thay vao bi u thuc ma tr n d◊cung thu dtrqc:
I
0
l
r
k11 k12 k13 k14

[Kr= J I[st[n][ B]IJldsdt = k21 k22 k23 k24

k31 k32 k33 k34

k41 k42 k43 k44j

Kh6i con trong c.t6 la:

8N- l
2
 (6. 76)
oNi
0 ON,llD1 D2
ox
[Kr= ff ax CV D D4 0
0
oNi IJldsdt (6.77)
-1 -I oN- oN- 3
8y
0 _ I
0 0
ay DsU
_I

a x J fj_N. oN.
ox J
I
By
(i = 1, 2, 3, 4;} = 1, 2, 3, 4)

20
 Lfiy cac phan t6 thay vao cong thfrc (6.77), trong d6 d?o ham cua ham d?ng d6i v&i t9a
d9 t6ng th thu ducyc tu cac hifu thuc (6.59), (6.65) va (6.73), sau khi tfch phan thu ducyc
ma tr n d{;j cling phin tu:.

6.3. TiNH TOAN KET cAu NI-IA GA TAU DltN NGAM

6.3.1. lVlieu ta bai toan

Mc)t nha ga tau di n ng m trong thanh ph6 thi c6ng theo phucmg phap dao ho,dc) sau nha ga
so vcri. m L djt la 4m, rn\rc mr6e ngfun each m l d:ll 8m, khoang each c<)t eh6ng gifra theo
phuang d9c la.8111, t6ng c{mg chi u dai nha gala 160111. Nl t d.t ngang nha ga cho & hinh
6.15.
V t li u betong M300 c6 m6 dun dan h6i E = 3xl07kNim2, h s6 Poisson 1-1 = 0,2, kh6i luQ'llg
3
n.,e.,ng p = 2,-5T.1'm .

•
0,9m
ta

lo
,o,
•
- 0-.Srn -0,9
..
111

0
s
f""

I . 9.55m 9.55m .I

Hinh 6.15. lvf{lt cdt ngang nlu'l ga

Chi tieu cO' ly cua cac l&p dAt sau khi hoan thanh c6ng trinh cho 6·bang 6.1.

Bang 6.1. Chi tien CO' ly ciia cac l6'p d t ap ltrc d t thing dfrng

Lop it/it Dun.!( tr()ng y(kN/1113 Goe ma sat trong f/J (°)
)
CD 0lit th6 nhU'on.g.. 18,0 8,0
® Dit dinh 19,2 16,3
@ Dlil dinh 19,6 20,8
© Dit cat tho 18,8 26,0

Yeu cciu:
(1) M6 phong qua trinh da.o

2
(2) Tfnh toan k t c'1u sau khi hoan thanh

20
 6.3.2. Tinh toan k@t c u nha ga theo bai toan khung phing

6.3.2.1. Llf« c/19n so·itJ tinh toan

K6t du nha ga tau di n ng m thu9c bai toan kh6ng gian cua ly thuy6t dan h6i, do k€t c u
c6 chiSu dai l&n nen c6 thJ tinh toan theo phu011g ngang. Ngoai ra day la kJt d.u thanh
mong chiu tac dµng cua tn.mg lm;mg ban than, ap Ive dfit thiing dung, ap h,rc d§.t nim
ngang,
tai tn;mg nguai... , vi v y co thJ tinh toan theo bai toan khung pbing d t tren n n clan h6i v6i
h s6 nen K = 77,4x I 03kN/rn3. Sa d6 tfnh toan cho & hinh 6.16.

,..........., --i ....,..-, P1

Pw

t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t Pw

ffinh 6.16. Sc,(16 tinh to(in kt.I c(iu

6.3.2.2. Tinlt toan tai trpng

- Tai tr9ng thcing dung Zen ctinh
Tai tn.mg phan b6 tren m t d t:
q1 = 20kN/m2

Ap lvc d t phan b6 tren dinh:

q2 = 2./,hi =18x 1,5+19,2x 2,9 = 82,68kNlm2

TOng tai tn,mg tinh toan tac <lvng tren dinh:

qd = 1,4q1+ l,35q2 = 139,62kN/m2

- T<ii tr9ng lhcin.g t11:,ng Len san gii'ia:

Gia tri tai tr9ng tinh toan nguai va thi€t bi:
qng = l,4x(4+ 8) = 16,8kN/m2
2
 - Tai trfmK nxang
Do Til\IC nu&c ng m n m trong lap cat tho, nen tinh toan rieng ap llJC dfit va ap h!C nu6c.
D@dO'n gian tinh toan, sir d\lng ap h,rc dit binh quan gia quy€n.
Dung tn,mg binh quan Clla d.c lop (tit:
_LY/ii_ 19,6x3,6+8,8x7,5 -}?
30
k.,.,TI 3
Yib - - -, H, m
2}i -
3,6+7,5

G6cmasat trong binh quan cua cac l&p d t:

_ Lr.p)i; _ 20,8x 3,6 +26,0x 7,5 _
24 310
Ih
<fJrb - - - - •
3,6+ 7,)

i
H s6 ap h_rc dfit chu d(mg:
Kea=tg2( 45° -<p 12) = tg2( 45° -24,31° 12)= 0,417
Ap l\}'C d t bcn t i dinh:

Pi = Kut X q,1 = 0,417 X 139,62 = 58,22kN/m"'

Ap Ive d t ben t i day:
P2 = Kettx (qt!+Ytb x h) = 0,417x (139,62+ 12,3x 11,1) = 115,15kN/m2
Ap h_rc nu&c ngfun t i day:

Pw = YwX Cf,t = lOx 7,Sx1,35 =101,25k.N/m2

-Ap 1,rc d y n6i i day:
2
Pw = YwX q,t = lOx 7,Sx 1,35 =101,25kJ'f/m

6.3.2.3. Tinh loan npi l11·c bdng phJn mJm ANSYS theo phu-O'llg th(rc GUI
- Kh6i d{mg AI\TSYS
- D(lt ten bed toan:
Utility N[enu >File> Change Jobname > l'1fHAGA
- tJq,t tieu aJ bai toan:
Utility Menu > File> Change Title> PHAN TICH KET CAU NHA GA TAU
DIENNGAM
- Dinh nghia phim tii::
D6i v6i phfin m m ANSYS VJ 6, trong thu ill\JC h!ach9n phfin tu dflm khong co sin phfin
tir BEAM3, LINKlO no duqc ltrn tnr trong kho. Vi V?-Y dn nh?-p l nh trong cua s6
20
COMMAND d6 g<;>i phin tu nay:

2
 /PREP?
ET,1,BEAM3
ET,2,LINK10
KEYOPT,2,3,1
ET,3,COMBIN14
Ho c GlJI: Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit'Delete > Add >
Combination >Spring-damper14> OK> Close.
- Bjnh nghia hdng sJ:
Su d1_mg cau l nh a dinh nghTa h ng s6:
R,1,8*0.9,8*0.9*0.9*0.9/12,0.9
R,2,8*0.8,8*0.8*0.8*0.8/12,0.8
R,3,8*1.0,8*1.0*1.0..1.0/12,1.0
R,4,8*0.6,8*0.6*0.6*0.6/12,0.6
R,5,0.8*0.8
R,6,77.4E3·8k(9.05/10)
R,7,77.4E3*8*(9.05/10)/2
- FJjnh nghza vg.t lifu:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> :rvlaterial Models > Stnu.:tural >Linear>
Elastic> Isotropic> EX= 3.E7> PRXY = 0.2 > OK. Tiep t\l-C thvc hi n Structural> Density
>DENS= 2.5> OK> Dong cfra s6.
-Dinh nghfa tdt di¢n:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Sections > Beam > Common Sections > Trang cu:a s6
Beam Tool> TD=1> NAME= THANH> Sub-Type> Ch<:m tiit diin chfi: nhq,t> B = 8,
II= 0.9> Apply. Tuong t\T >ID= 2>NM1E =NAP> Sub - Type> Chr;m tdt difn chti
nh(ll> B = 8, H = 0.8> Apply; tuong t(! >ID= 3> NAME= DAY> Sub-Type> Ch<_m
tidt
dirjn chiJ nh(tt> B = 8, H = 1> Apply;> ID= 4> NAME= GILJA >Sub-Type> Ch9n lih
di{in chii: nhtj,t> B = 8, H = 0.6> Apply; cu6i cung > TD= 5> NAl\lfE =COT> Sub - Type >
Chon tdt diJn cha· nhqt> B = 0.8, H = 0.8> OK.
-Xdydy.ng mo hinh hinh h9c:
+ T<;10 di@m d?c tmng: Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Keypoints > Tn
Active CS> Trong cua s6 Create Keypoints in Active CS> L§n luqt nh p cac gia NPT = 1,
X = 0, Y = 0, Z = 0 > Apply > Tm.mg t(! nhJp cac dit:m ttr 2 d€n 9 chu & bang duoi day:

NPT X y z NPT X y z
2 9.55 0 0 6 19.1 6.2 0
3 I9.1 0 0 7 0 11.1 0
4 0 6.2 0 8 9.55 11.1 0
5 9.55 6.2 0 9 19.1 11.1 0

20
 + T o chrong: .Main Menu > Preprocessor > .Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines >
Straight Line > Dung chu9t nhfin vao hai diem 1 va 4, tmmg n;r cho cac c p diem 4-7, 7-8,
8-9, 9-6, 6-3, 3-2, 2-1, 2-5, 5-8, 4-5, 5-6> OK. KSt qui cho 6- hinh 6.17.

l'<IIIITS ANSYS
R16..0
,PllII­ I'. L4

1.:, LIO L'>

4 I.II s Ll2
(

LI l!) Lo

y
l". X u
•
2 L7

TICK D'T CW'aA. Q\. 'DIJ DllJI BCMI

Hinh 6.17. T(lo diim va duanf?

-Xay d{.mg mo hinh phdn tu' hii:u lu;m:

+ Dinh nghfa kich thu&c phfin tir:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSizc > Global > Size>
Xu§t hi n cira s6 Global Element Sizes> NDN = 1O> OK.
+ Gan thu()c tinh phfin tu:
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> l\.1esh At.tributes> Picked Lines> Xu l hi{;n cua
s6 Line Attributes >Box> Dung chu9t lµa chc,m duang cac ducrng Ll, L2, L5, L6> Apply
>Xuftt hi n cira s6 Line Attributes > Chon lv1AT = I, REAL = I, TYPE = I. SECT = I>
Apply > Tiep ti1c dung chw)t chc.m duong L3 va L3> Apply> Ch9n MAT = J, REAL = 2,
TYPE= 1, SECT= 2> Apply> Chc;m duong L7 va L8 >Apply> Cl19n l\.'lAT = 1, REAL =
3, TYPE = I, SECT = 3> Apply > Ch9n duong Lll va Ll2 > Apply > Ch9n MAT = J,
REAL= 4, TYPE= 1, SECT= 4> Apply> Ch9n dm'mg L13 va Ll4 >Apply> Ch9n M..i\T
= 1, REAL= 5, TYPE= 2, SECT= 5> Apply> OK.Utility lvlenu >Select> Everything.
+ Chia ph n ti'r:
Main Menu > Preprocessor> Meshing > Mesh > Lines > Picked all.
+ T o phin tulo XO du&i diy:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Elements > Elem Attributes > Xu t
hi n cua s6 hlnh va h7a chc;m nhu trong hinh 6.18 > OK.
Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling >Copy> Nodes> Copy> Xu§.t hi?n cua s6 h,rn
ch911 di m nut> Ch9n Box > Dung chu(lt keo hinh chfr nh t bao cac di€rn n6t du6i day
g6m 19 di m nut(tru hai diSm ngoai cung)> OK > XuAt hi n cfra s6 nhu hinh 6.19 > Nh p
DY= -1, cac gia tri kha.c m c dinh > OK.

2
 Main Menu > Preprocessor > !-vfodeling > Create > Elements > Auto Numbered > Offset
Nodes> Xufrt hi?n cua s6 nhu hinh 6.20 > Nh p gia ttj DY= -1,cacgia tri khac m{ic djnh >
OK > Xu§.t hi n cira s6 h;ra cb9n diJm nut> Chon Box > Dung chu9t h,ra ch9n cac diJm nut
nhtr trong hinh 6.20 > OK.
Tmmg tµ d0i vui hai di6m nut ngoai cLmg, lµa chc,m h ng s6 th rc la REAL = 7, nhan ban
va t?o l1i m m'tt nlrn tren. K t qua mo hinh ph n ti.:r hfru h n nhu hinh 6.21.
Main Menu > Finish.
I\ IC:'""1Cf:,',.ttll::H..1CS I\ Cup/· uU
Hinh 6.18. Chpn
Define-att1ilJu!u utn1l11t thu(ic t{nh phdn tzi:
f1J ffinh 6.19. Nhan hirn dit2m nut
INGCNl CODI' Nodes
IT'iPCl C'ement tvp.9m.mx-1 1 -:::, r,nMAN·J. il1ME Totel runber of capies - 1
l'M,'\Tl Malt:tii'..11lllllllbl-'I I 1 .:1 ANSYS - irick.J.jino ori:linar
I .::1 cu=,·, DX X-offset in active CS I ANSY

L
6 Rl6.0 ::r. =
J-1f' ·
to :
: :, :1m :o. s ,, 11?1n o
I o .:::! UY Y-ottset active >1 H ? :>:

IJLC'JUM, ecboonumb::T
iE MTFl D\li111E=l,:111i..11lb-81:'lw':r':IIOb. [I@D
h.. 1:::
C. I
DZ ZoifEet
-
n
in acb,e CS

.
Tl"ir=!-'ff.:-r.:,,·cpn:.-r:irir-11",t"'l"lr I .'\I; Nrm1rumh·•rr.rr..rr1nn _ • •!"
" H
1,01 C-oordinotes-,. le-
Im
l

on tinx-cucct•c,n INC Nooenumber maement

) 1,
l )l
ru--7
. I,
r.Y ::m-:.;:1rnYCI1Ml1:n
RATIO 8rn11:iru11ali11
,. ·.,u$ .u .l ·.u. ,., - kl .in ,.: . : .1..1$ JO u
CZ JJ;;,.1111! Ui1i 1.:tiv ·
1< 01 M•JJ;jn.t. li,..r,.
1-1I I '> 'll

LiL_J
QIS..J C,rccl I Juor't r ! ncd.--s J I
--2!S..J Apply Cancel I

mnh 6.20. Tgo phdn tzi: tfr hai diim Hinh 6.21..Mt5 hinh phdn tic huu ht!,n
fl'lLl

- Gan aidu ki¢n bien:

+ Gan gia t6c trong truong: Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural
>Inertia> Gravity> Global> ACELY = 9.81> OK.
+ Gan dil5u ki9n bicn day lo xo: Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply >
Structural> Displacement> On Keypoints> Dung chu<)t ch911 tfit ca cac di m nut du&i day
lo xo> Apply> Ch9n All DOF, VALUE= O>Apply > Ti6p ti,lc dung chu()t ch9n diem nut
dtr6i chan c(H ch6ng> OK> Chon UX, VALUE= O>OK.
- Gan tai tr9ng phdn b6 Zen cac ddm:
+ Gan tai tr9ng phan b6 dSu:
Utility Menu > Select > Entities > Trong cfra Select Entities >Elements> By s6
Attributes> Real set num> Min, 1-fax, Inc= 2> From Full >OK.

20
 Main Menu > Sol.ution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams>
Picked all> LKEY = 1> VALT= 139.62*8> OK.
Tuang l:lJ> Trong cua s6 Select Entities > Elements> By Attiibutes> Real set num> Min,
Max, Inc = 3> From Full > OK.
Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams>
Picked all> LKEY = 1> VALI = 101.25*8> OK.
Tuong t r> Trong t:l'.ra s6 Select Entities >Elements> By Attributes> Real set num> Min,
Max, lnc = 4 > From Full> OK.
Main :Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams>
Picked all >LKEY = l>VALT= 16.8*8>0K
KSt qua gan di u ki?n bien va tai tn,mg phan b6 d u cho a hinh 6.22.
- Gan ttii tr9ng phdn lu5 khong d u len hai ben:
E)fi.u tien tu SCY d6 tai trc;mg, xac djnh gia trj tai tn;mg tm:mg ung t i cac diSm nut Ctla tung
phfin tu:, co tbS su· d1=1ng Excel dS xac djnh. K t qua gia tri tai tn.mg t i cac diSm nut hai ben
vach tuong ung v&i ma ph n tu va diSm nut cho & bang du6i day:
2
p lt;rc (k,,1/m )
,
Vaclz trai T!,a dtj Y A Vachphai
MiiphJn tii' iU,i mit (m) AL/J ALJ\' T6ngAL MaphJn tir Mii m,t
43 11.10 465.76 0 465.76 41 32

-
20 81 10.61 485.87 0 485.87 42 43
19 80 10.12 505.97 0 505.97 43 44
18 79 9.63 526.08 0 526.08 44 45
17 78 9.14 546.18 0 546.18 45 46
-- -· - - - -
16 77 8.65 566.29 0 566.29 46 47
15 76 8.16 586.39 0 586.39 47 48
14 75 7.67 606.50 0 606.50 48 49
13 74 7.18 626.60 51.75 67R.35 49 50
12 73 6.69 646.71 103.49 750.20 50 51
11
10
22
72
6.20
5.58
666.81
692.25
155.24
220.72
822.05
912.97 ,,
5 1
)_
42
53
9 71 4.96 717.69 286.19 1003.88 53 54
8 70 4.34 743.13 351.67 1094.80 54 55
7 69 3.72 768.57 417.14 1185.71 55 5
- - - - -
3.10 794.01 482.62 1276.63 6
6 68 56 5
5 67 2.48 819.44 548.10 1367.54 57 7
58
4 66 1.86 844.88 613.57 1458.46 58 59
3 65 1.24 870.32 679.05 1549.37 59 60
2 64 0.62 895.76 744.52 1640.29 60 61
1 1 0.00 921.20 810.00 1731.20 52

2
 Main Menu > Sol.ution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Beams>
Dung chu9t h,ra ch<.m phlin ru 1> Apply> Xufit hi n bang Apply PRES on Beams nlm hinh
6.23 > LKEY = l>VALI = 1731.20 VALJ = 1640.29 >Apply> TiSp We h;ra chc;m ph n ru 2
>Apply>.... Saukhi gan h t phAn tLr 20 > OK.
ANSYS
n16.o
; .w:::;_Q ,J « .J d" ,,,, .,£L4" ,£ d :l ,l -&J
?('.:l,.$
,G.!_- H
[E.rBEA. Appl,' r,res,;ure (['RES) onBe rnElements
IK!-Y lmir1KPV 11

I
1
:i j
VALi Pressure value at nodeI = ==
1 11 '.l '

= : m= =
z. #•.
#

H 1n10·104JOC:.. DC ":.l l.1- lU: 1·31:t:. l C1,.'.! !J,C):..

f- ; ": t'
r;
VALJ Pressure value at node J I 164D.29
fk",avr,hl3nk fc,runifnrm 11rc:s,,ur,)
.f ii
'!
C
Optional,,ffsets for oress!l'e loadl
IOH-S I OIIY.-'I lrm1I 11rxle> I
JOrTST Offset from J Mde I
LUJRAT Loadoffset in ierms of
!=z.;,g=,71..C!'I!> -, ,.'I.,_ o;o.cD l.OYl'.7!'1
2◄:i. na.; <iao.u1 !..!:.-:.-;.;;
:u:..:-1 n;;.:: !:, im:i..:: r .u :-tC:!1:.;:: 1

Hinh 6.22. Gan tai trong pluin bJ diu Hinlt 6.23. Gan ap hrc !en plul,n ti:r

TLrong t r a6i v&i ben phai: Main Menu > Solution > Define Loads > Apply > Structural
>Pressure> On Beams> Dimg chu9t l rn ch9n phfm tfr 41> Apply> XuAt hi?n bang Apply
PRES on Beams nlm hinh 6.23 > LKEY = l>VALT= 465.76VALT = 485.87> Apply> Ti p
tµc lua chon ph n tu 42 > Apply >.... Sau khi gan h t ph§n tir 60 > OK. K t qua gan tai
tn,mg tac <lµng len khung cho a hinh 6.24.
- Thidt !{Ip hm ch{m phan tich va tinh toan:
Utility lvlenu > Select> Everything.
Main Menu> Solution> Solve> Current LS.
- Kit qua tinh toan:
Ket 4u..\ tinh toan chuy n vi:
General Postproc > Contow- Plot > Deformed Shape > Def undeformed > OK duqc k6t
qua chuyJn vi CLla khung khi chju lac dvng CLla ta.i tr9ng nhLr hinh 6.25.
ANSYS
Ri.6.0

=c, ".:".:4 ;'l 4 n!\C!lC,? C,1; 1 • -:'

::s:u. .::.e:1:-t.o:rliJtl,tl1::i·;t-,.so.1·.rn.
.:".!h. "/J.1;.. Y.!::l l;J'.>J Ml!".(.;.'\ J.NJ 1.>ll;N w.:.i'- -

Hinh 6.24. Gan tai tr(mg phan b6 khong ctJu

21
 - Xudl bilu (tJ n()i Ive:
Utility Menu> Select> Element> By Atrributes > Elem Type num > 1> From Full> OK.
General Postproc > Element Table > Define Table > Add > Xuit hi n bang Define
Additional Element Table Items >Lab = NI > By sequence num > SA1ISC> SMISC,1>
Apply > Lab = NJ > By sequence num >S1\JJSC>SMISC,7> Apply > Lab = QI > By
sequence num > SA!JSC>SMISC,2> Apply > Lab = QJ > By sequence num > SlvfISC>
SMTSC,8> Apply > Lab = 1\-fl > By sequence num > S/\flSC> SMTSC,6> Apply > Lab =
J\:f.J > By sequence num > SA1TSC> SMTSC, t 2 > OK.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xu t hi n bang Plot Line
Element Results> Labl = 1\TI, LabJ = NJ> Fact= 1> OK, duqc bieu d6 l rc dt nhu hinh
6.25.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xu t hi n bang Plot Line
Element Results> LabT = QI, LabJ = Q.l> Fact= 1> OK, dm_1c bi@u d h_rc dit nhtr hinh
6.26.
General Postproc > Contour Plot > Line Element Result > Xuftt hien bang Plot Line
Element Results > Labl = Af.l, LabJ = .A1.J>Fact = -1> OK, duqc bi u d6 mo men u&n nhu
hinh 6.27.
ANSYS ANSYS
Rl6.0 P.16.0
nl!E-l
n-r.: =.Ol"hfi

:::-;Q .H -:-:::io.31 :7CL0) 300(.4 Hl. S:

- S';0.02 -<.s:s.u: -:.C'7E .:il

filnh 6.25. Bftn dc;mg cita

khung
Hinh 6.26. Biiu ct6 lz:fc d9c

ANSYS ANSYS
Rl6.0 Rl6.0

-= -li - :-;$_:,-, -:_•Ln'.:I

-t.1 <11.1:t: \t.·l. '):J
r :illr u::-a P.ET G...:" lf!irt Cr! r;..-c- :::i::Eli trCA'-1:

2
 , 07 '71

Hinh 6.27. Bi&.t. (16 hu· ait Hinh 6.28. Bidu (M mo men u6n

21
 6.2.2.4. Tinh loan n{}i life b6ng ph n m m ANSYS theo phll'Un,: thlrc APDL
FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,NHAGA
/TITLE.PHAN TICH KET CAU NHA GA TAU DIEN NGAM
/PREP?
ET,1,BEAM3 !Phan tl'.r dam 2D
ET,2,LINK10
!Phan tlf lien ket chiu nen
KEYOPT,2,3,1
ET,3,COMBIN14
!Phan tu•16 xo
R,1,8*0.9,8*0.9*0.9*0.9/12,0.9
!Dinh nghia hang s6 d§m
R,2,8*0.8,8*0.8*0.8*0.8/12,0.8
R,3,8*1.0,8*1.0*1.0*1.0/12,1.0
R,4,8*0.6,8*0.6*0.6*0.6/12,0.6
R,5,0.8"0.8
!Djnh nghia hang s6 thanh chong
R,6,77.4E3*8*(9.05/10)
!Dinh nghia d◊ c(mg loXO gi1J,a
R,7,77.4E3*8*(9.05/10)/2
1£>jnh nghia d◊ c(mg loxo hai ben
MP,EX,1,3E7
!Dinh nghia vi;lt li$u
MP,PRXY,1,0.2
$MP,DENS,1,2.5
SECTYPE,1,BEAM,RECT,THANH,0
!Dinh nghia m t cat dam ben
SECOFFSET,CENT
$SECDATA,8,0.9
SECTYPE,2,BEAM,RECT,NAP,0
!0jnh nghia m t cat dam dlnh
SECOFFSET,CENT
$SECDATA,8,0.8
SECTYPE,3,BEAM,RECT,DAY,0
!Dinh nghia m t cM d m aay
SECOFFSET,CENT
$SECDATA,8,1
SECTYPE,4,BEAM.RECT,GIUA.0
!Dinh nghia m t cM dAm trung gian
SECOFFSET,CENT
$SECDATA,8,0.6
SECTYPE,5,BEAM,RECT,CHONG,0
!0jnh nghia m t cat thanh chong
SECOFFSET,CENT
$SECDATA,0.8,0.8
/PNUM,KP,1 !Hi$n ma diem
/PNUM,LINE,1 !Hien ma ducmg
K,1,0,0,0 !T o diem d c
trung
K,2,9.55,0,0 $K,4,0,6.2,0
$K,3,19.1,0,0
K,5,9.55,6.2,0 $K,7,0,11.1,0
$K,6,19.1,6.2,0
K,8,9.55,11.1,0
$K,9,19.1,11.1,0
LSTR,1,4
m;io dlJ'cmg
LSTR,4,7 $LSTR,8,9
$LSTR,7,8
LSTR,9,6 $LSTR,3,2
$LSTR,6,3
LSTR,2,1 $LSTR,5,8
$LSTR,2,5
LSTR,4,5
$LSTR,5,6
LESIZE,ALL,,.10 !0jnh nghTa s6 lu:qng ph n tll' tren dlJ'ang

2
LSEL,S,LOC,X,0
LSEL,A,LOC,X,19.1 $LATT,1,1,1,.,,1
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,11.1 $LATT,1,2,1,,,,2
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,0 $LATT,1,3,1,,,,3
LSEL,S,LOC,Y,6.2 $LATT,1,4,1,,,,4
LSEL,S,LOC,X,9.55 $LATT,1,5,2,,,.5
ALLSEL $LMESH,ALL
/PNUM,ELEM,1 !Hi n maphan lll'
rn;10 phfm tll' lo XO

TYPE,3 !Mc;ic djnh lo,;ii phc1n tii

REAL,6
!Mc;ic dinh hang s6 thl!C
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0 $NSEL,U,LOC,X,0
NSEL,U,LOC,X,19.1
*GET,NPMAX,NODE,,NUM,MAXD
NGEN,2,NPMAX+1,ALL,,.,-1,.
EINTF,0.0001,.LOW,0,0,-1,0,0
ALLSEL
REAL,?
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0 $NSEL,A,LOC,X,19.1
NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0
*GET,NPMAX,NODE,,NUM,MAXD
NGEN,2,NPMAX+1,ALL,,.,-1.,
EINTF,0.0001,,LOW,0,0,-1,0,0
ALLSEL $EPLOT $FINISH
/SOLU
ACEL,0,9.81,0
!Gan gia t6c trc;mg trlJ'&ng
NSEL,S,LOC,Y ,-1
!Gan ngam day lo xo
D,ALL,ALL
$ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0
!Gan lien k t ch6ng ngang t,;ii gill'a nhip
NSEL,R,LOC,X,9.55
D,ALL,UX,0
$ALLSEL
!Gan tai trQng phan
b6 ESEL,S,REAL,,2
SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,139.62*8
ALLSEL
ESEL,S,REAL,,3
SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,101.25*8
ALLSEL
ESEL,S,REAL.,4
SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,16.8*8
ALLSEL
EPLOT

21
 !Gan tai tr9ng hinh thang hai ben thanh trai
SFBEAM,1,1,PRES,1731.20,1640.29
SFBEAM,2,1,PRES,1640.29,1549.37
SFBEAM,3,1,PRES,1549.37,1458.46
SFBEAM,4,1,PRES,1458.46,1367.54
SFBEAM,5,1,PRES,1367.54,1276.63
SFBEAM,6,1,PRES,1276.63,1185.71
SFBEAM,7,1,PRES,1185.71,1094.80
SFBEAM,8,1,PRES,1094.80,1003.88
SFBEAM,9,1,PRES,1003.88,912.97
SFBEAM,10,1,PRES,912.97,822.05
SFBEAM,11,1,PRES,822.05,750.20
SFBEAM,12,1,PRES,750.20,678.35
SFBEAM,13,1,PRES,678.35,606.50
SFBEAM,14,1,PRES,606.50,586.39
SFBEAM,15,1,PRES,586.39,566.29
SFBEAM,16,1,PRES,566.29,546.18
SFBEAM,17,1,PRES,546.18,526.08
SFBEAM,18,1,PRES,526.08,505.97
SFBEAM,19,1,PRES,505.97,485.87
SFBEAM,20,1,PRES,485.87,465.76
!Gan tai trQng hinh thang hai ben thanh phai
SFBEAM,60,1,PRES,1640.29,1731.20
SFBEAM,59,1,PRES,1549.37,1640.29
SFBEAM,58,1,PRES,1458.46,1549.37
SFBEAM,57,1,PRES,1367.54,1458.46
SFBEAM,56,1,PRES,1276.63,1367.54
SFBEAM,55,1,PRES,1185.71,1276.63
SFBEAM,54,1,PRES,1094.80,1185.71
SFBEAM,53,1,PRES,1003.88,1094.80
SFBEAM,52,1,PRES,912.97,1003.88
SFBEAM,51,1,PRES,822.05,912.97
SFBEAM,50,1,PRES,750.20,822.05
SFBEAM,49,1,PRES,678.35,750.20
SFBEAM,48,1,PRES,606.50,678.35
SFBEAM,47,1,PRES,586.39,606.50
SFBEAM,46,1,PRES,566.29,586.39
SFBEAM,45,1,PRES,546.18,566.29
SFBEAM,44,1.PRES,526.08,546.18
SFBEAM,43,1,PRES,505.97,526.08
SFBEAM,42,1,PRES,485.87,505.97
SFBEAM,41,1,PRES,465.76,485.87

2
 /NUMBER.1 $/PNUM,REAL,1
EPLOT
TIME,1
$NSUBST,1,1,1
SOLVE
$FINISH
/POST1
PLDISP,2
!Hinh bi€ln dc;!ng k t cflu
ESEL,S,TYPE,,1
!Chon phan tu• dam
ETABLE,Nl,SMISC,1
!0!nh nghTa bang s6 lit;iu
ETABLE,NJ,SMISC,7
ETABLE,0I,SMISC,2
ETABLE,OJ,SMISC,8
ETABLE,Ml,SMISC,6
ETABLE,MJ,SMISC,12
PLLS,Nl,NJ,1,0
!Xui!Jt bi u d6 ll)'C dQC
PLLS,Ql,QJ,1,0
!Xuat bieu do11,l'c c t
PLLS,Ml,MJ,-1,0
!Xutlt bi u ab mo men u6n

6.2.3. l\'lo phong qua trinh dao n n nha ga theo bai toan phiing

6.2.3.1. Mieu ta hai toan

De xay d\lng nha ga, ciin ti6n hanh ciao va ch6ng do (xem hinh 6.29). Phi,lm vi ciao n
n v&i b r9ng B = 20n1, sau H = 16m. Su d1;mg tua:ng hao be tong day 0,6m., sau 20m,
dung thanh ch6ng vang 6ng thcp D400, gifra chitu dai thanh ch6ng vang duqc da bfing
c9t d dam bao thanh chi chiu nen tfr hai ben tuong. Theo chi u sau h6 dao sfr dvng ba lop
cb6ng
vang, khoang each cac thanh ch6ng theo phuong d9c la 4m. Tren ctinh tucmg chiu tai tn,mg
xe may thi cong 20kN/m2. Chi tiSt kich thu&c m it d.t ngang hf> dao cho a h1nh 6.30.

mnh 6.29. Hinh anh thi c6ng th1:rc tt

21
 Tlfang hao be tong
\ Khung cllong gilfa

CD

mnh 6.30. So· Ju;;a mqt cdt ngang hc5 di10

Qua trinh thi cong rum sau: dfiu ticn t;;to tm:mg hao be tong, di:it thruili ch6ng va dao kh6i
dfit CD, ti p tl,ic di;it thanh ch6ng va dao kh6i dfit @, sau do d t thanh ch6ng dao khbi va
dfit @. Trong qua trinh dao dm lam khung ch6ng d@ do· thanh ch6ng vang d@ tang d() 6n
dinh
cho thanh ch6ng va khong bi vong do tr9ng lugng ban than, xem hinh 6.31. Trong phfin nay
mo ph6ng d n cu6i giai do dao (hinh d).

a) b) c) d)

- I ii
: ; :tt! ; ;f; ; ;[f1;
;:
, ttt:t:r r r tBtt te;
.-. ,i;i:,g,g,i;,i:,i;,i:•!:·H,l
e) f) g) h)

mnh 6.31. Qua trinh thi cong nhct ga tau difn ngcim

6.2.3.2. ,Y-o hinh tinh toan

BS mo phong qua trinh dao nha ga tau di n ngfim, trong mo hinh tinh toan da Str d1,mg
cac
lo i phan tfr:
Phfrn ru 2-D 4 nut PLANE42 1116 phong nSn.
2
 Phfrn tfr 2-D 2 n{1t LINKlO mo phong thanh ch6ng vang chi chiu nen, do thanh ch6ng
vang duqc do b ng h9 khung ch6ng vao n6n ncn trong mo hinh da b6 qua tn;mg lm;mg ban
than cua vang ch6ng.

21
 Phfin ttr dfim 2-D 2 ni1t BEAM3 mo phong tm:mg ctr.
Phin tu tiSp xuc TARGE169-CONTAl 72 mo phong tiSp xuc giua diit n@n va tm'mg cu.
Tinh toan cho m(>t do:,in tac d1,lllg cua thanh ch6ng dai 4m.
Su dvng d c tinh sinh - ch t cuaph§.n tu d mo phong qua trinh thi cong.
6.2.3.3. Th!"c hi?n bai toan theo phrrmzg thfrc APDL
FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,DAOHO
/TITLE.MO PHONG QUA TRINH DAO NHA GA TAU DIEN NGAM
/PREP7
ET,1,PLANE42 $KEYOPT,1,3,3 !Phan tu• phang c6 chieu day
ET,2,LINK10 $KEYOPT,2,3,1
ET,3,BEAM3
ET.4,TARGE169
$ET,5,CONTA172
R,1.4
!Chi u dayph.°Jn t& nt?m
A=3.1416*(0.4*0.4-0.36*0.36)/4
!M t c t ngang thanh ch6ng
ISTR=-200/2.06E8*A !Bi n d9ng tu·ong a6i ban
R,2,A,ISTR a€1u

R,3.4*0.6,4*0.6*0.6*0.6/12,0.6 !Hang so thanh ch6ng

R,4 !Hang s6 tll'6'ng c(r
MP,EX,1,8E5 !Hang s6 m c cf!nh
$MP.DENS,1,1.8
MP,EX,2,2.06E8 $MP,PRXY.1,0.36
$MP,DENS,2,0
MP,EX,3,3E7 $MP,PRXY,2,0.3
$MP,DENS,3,2.5
MP,MU.4,0.7 $MP,PRXY,3,0.2
K,1,-40,-40,0
$K,3,-40,-16,0
K,4,-40,-12,0 $K,2,-40,-20,0
$K,6,-40,0,0
KGEN,2,1,6,,30,,,,0 $K,5,-40,-6,0
KGEN,2,7,12,,20,,,,0
KGEN,2,13,18,,30,,,,0
,.00.1,1,5,1
A,1,I+1,I+7,I+6
*ENDDO
*00,1,7,11,1
A,l,I+1,I+7,I+6
*ENDDO
*DO.I,13,17,1
A,I,I+1,I+7,I+6
*ENDDO
/PNUM,LINE,1
$/PSYMB,LDIR,1
LREVERSE,7,1 $/PNUM,AREA,1
LREVERSE,10,1 !06i hU'&ng cua dlfang
$LREVERSE,16,1
$LREVERSE,13,1

2
APLOT $ALLSEL
LSEL,S,LENGH,,30 $LESIZE,ALL,5
LSEL,S,LENGH,,20 $LESIZE,ALL,5
LSEL,S,LENGH,,6 $LSEL,A,LENGH.,4 $LESIZE.ALL,1
ALLSEL
ASEL,S,,,2,5,1 $ASEL,A,,,12,15,1
AGEN,2,ALL,,,0,50,0
ADELE,2,5.,1 $ADELE,12,15,,1
AGEN,1,16,23.,0,-50,0.,,1
ALLSEL
!Gan thuoc tinh cho cac doi tU'Q'ng
ASEL,S,,,7,10 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,X,-10 $LATT,3,3,3 $ALLSEL
ASEL,S.,,7,10 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,X,10 $LATT,3,3,3 $ALLSEL
LSEL,S,.,26 $LATT,2,2,2 $ALLSEL
LSEL,S,.,24 $LATT,2,2,2 $ALLSEL
LSEL,S,.,22 $LATT,2,2,2 $ALLSEL
ASEL,ALL $AATT,1,1,1
AMESH,ALL $ALLSEL
LSEL,S,MAT,.2,3 $LMESH,ALL $ALLSEL
!T o tii§p xuc gifl'a n n va tll'&ng CLI'
ESEL,S,TYPE.,3 $NSLE,R
NSEL,R,LOC,Y,-20,0 $NSEL,R,LOC,X,-10
TYPE,4 $MAT,4 $REAL,4
ESURF $ALLSEL
ASEL,S,,,16,19 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,X,-10 $NSLL,R,1
TYPE,5 $ESURF $ALLSEL

ESEL,S,TYPE,,3 $NSLE,R
NSEL,R,LOC,Y,-20.0 $NSEL,R,LOC,X,10
TYPE,4 $MAT,4 $REAL,4
ESURF $ALLSEL
ASEL,S.,,20,23 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,X,10 $NSLL,R,1
TYPE,5 $ESURF $ALLSEL

ASEL,S.,,1 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-20 $NSLL,R,1
TYPE,4 $MAT.4 $REAL,4
ESURF $ALLSEL
ASEL,S,,,16 $LSLA,R

22
 LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-20 $NSLL,R,1
TYPE,5 $ESURF $ALLSEL

ASEL,S,,,11 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-20 $NSLL,R,1
TYPE,4 $MAT,4 $REAL,4
ESURF $ALLSEL
ASEL,S,,,20 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-20 $NSLL,R,1
TYPE,5 $ESURF $ALLSEL
/NUMBER,1 $/PNUM,MAT,1 $EPLOT
FINISH
/SOLU
NROPT,FULL
!Gan di€1u ki n bien
NSEL,S,LOC,X,-40 $NSEL,A,LOC,X,40
D,ALL,UX,0 $ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y ,-40 $0,ALL,ALL $ALLSEL
ACEL,0,9.81,0 !Gan gia t6c tr9ng tnrcmg
!Gan ap i',J'C dinh tu·o·ng Cl.I'
ASEL,S,,,19 $ASEL,A,,.23 $LSLA,R
LSEL,R,LOC,Y,0 $NSLL,R,1
SF,ALL,PRES,20•4 $ALLSEL
!BLl'O'C tfnh toan thll' nhM thi c6ng CU'
TIME,1 $NSUBST,1,1,1
ESEL,S,TYPE.,2 $EKILL,ALL
ALLSEL $SOLVE
!BU'&c tinh loan th(J' hai: d$t vang chong, dao 16·p 1
TIME,2 $NSUBST,1,1,1
LSEL,S,,,26 $ESLL,R
EALIVE,ALL $ALLSEL
ASEL,S,,,10 $ESLA,R $EKILL,ALL
ALLSEL $SOLVE
!BLl'O'Ctfnh toan thll' ba: d t vang chong, dao l&p
2 TIME,3 $NSUBST,1,1,1
LSEL,S,,,24 $ESLL,R
EALIVE,ALL $ALLSEL
ASEL,S,,,9 $ESLA,R $EKILL,ALL
ALLSEL $SOLVE
!Bu·&c tinh toan th(r tu•: d.)t vang chong, dao l&p
3 TIME,4 $NSUBST,1,1,1
LSEL,S,.,22 $ESLL,R
EALIVE,ALL $ALLSEL

2
 ASEL,S,,,8 $ESLA,R $EKILL,ALL
ALLSEL $SOLVE
FINISH
!Khai thac k t qua
/POST1
ESEL,S,LIVE !Ch<;m phan lll' lam vi
c
ESEL,R,TYPE,,2,3
!Ch9n phfln lll' tU'6'ng va thanh ch6ng
ETABLE,Nl,SMISC,1
$ETABLE,NJ,SMISC,7
ETABLE,Ql,SMISC,2
$ETABLE,QJ,SMISC,8
ETABLE,Ml,SMISC,6
$ETABLE,MJ,SMISC,12
PLLS,Ml,MJ,-1,0
!Bieu d6 mo men u6n
PLLS,Ql,QJ,1,0
!Bieu d6 11,l'C cat
PLLS,Nl,NJ,1,0
!Bieu do 11,l'C dQc
6.2.3.4. KRt qua tinh toan
- Buac thi cong I :

ANSYS ANSYS
F IG.O □::::er- R16.0
r, _.
7::JE<
rw..;

Hinh 6.32. lvfu hinh Hinh 6.33. Plu5 chuyt?n vf t6ng

PTHH
- Bu6'c thi cong 2:
' .- ANSYS
R16.0
1-' t,:;-,.,J-:l'l
'"

ANSYS
R:6.0
3l1! =1 22

.2!:'> •,tllt:J&
::m -.ou::.,
 .:::::i a1 .oc.s--t.::a.oi.:::?1s .ou M
,,:v.;;1cJ,O:li'..LL?.OlJ!,31:,c14,.:;:..011!'!:S

IDnh 6.34. Mo hlnh PTHH ID1th 6.35. Ph6 chuyJn vf t<5ng

2
 ANSYS
'f" P:,:. R16.0
=
r::.-m 2

00 L'hUI i,iUA l.'JU h Dk:)

J
HMA LlA ·1;,_u VH:H t-lAH

ANSYS
:"lTI".P=; R16.0
sve :.1
1;
Kf KT
ill =-:S:. .l!il$
E:.£2!- 8
H),: _r .f,i111

Hinh 6.36. Bidu d6 hrc cdt

- Buac thi cong 3:

ANSYS ANSYS
R16.0 Rl6.0
s::-3 -:
"11
lFT"(; ,;.1,:
P.:r:-=C
D -: .OlC L
!'i\f•'. -.lllr41"

. co-1:,:2 .COSiC: . Vl2CC7' .01.681

.ci::.:01.C06:3:::-i.Ul.o5C6.Cl ◄7 KV PH G • r:.-i_H.Il'iR :i.'\O 81\. ::..-._ Tf,fJ [ll!?-1 tl .'"!.M .CllS91.l

Hinh 6.38. /v/6 hinh PTHH

!:l.LY.:.J.:..

Hinh 6.3.9. Phd chuyin vf tr.5ng

3
tw-:
•l.13. 'iU
FJ1"..H-:1G
',

ANSYS
R16.0 ::::e :J
sos ::1
1:Nt-3
(Jl \t,.I u: HJ
MIJf -2:i .;;,::, K"'lf =-·:'Ii. lf.-S

H!'.1 - !l!l.!l J
Er..E: 2t
22
-:..98.Hl
N'·'."J PITO' r, )r. TP.TNli r,1.0 '1-"llJ:. ":.;!, T 7 nTPN tViAM

ANSYS
R16.0

-1v;i:.1:1:': -:Ji .1:1o;::

-fl.20:
vnPi!f".:Nfi 01"'.A 1RTN'11 ')),0 Nil;!. r-:a. T:.On MPn '"(:;Alf

Hinh 6.40. Biiu d6 hrc Hinh 6.41. Biiu d6 mo men u6n

cdt

2
 - Htr6c thi cong 4:

' 1.,;x:'1T:i ANSYS troDk:.. SOI.U'IIOU ANSYS

:Al.I ::ll.11 Hlo.U :'llfP=4 Strc. =: 7111?.
R16.O

IDnh 6.42. lvf6 hlnh PTHH Hinh 6.43. Ph6 chuyin vf tong

ANSYS ANSYS
R16.0 J'EP- R16.0
f",=·
;JY.t::-t
-OI O.J '.'!IMJ
111N --,1,: :-1.1[1',i "ff\" - ,'i"I.• =:o.
t:!..."!- 3S :'.:L!lt-J:39
zw.: -qi:,::.IJ J -:.;... . -- l;,. lt,q
'"T.•K::: C'ol

<t:,LOJ;) z:.:.. lOO :,: .JY" l J.Ol) ;:i,:;:i.:::,;:i so-:..:.: .:.J:-;_,, o :.:1;0,t
-:n.a.at-1--li::LVl:u.:.::<r: -1>.3. 1>":o\f
'f(l 'PHOWT Qr:i> liHhH i';l,,l") KH;l,, ':.;. Tl.fl nTHl N'.,i.,,M HO Pr'nf-m om TRT'iH f)A(, ?,1H?, f-ir, l' tl T)JF'.T,1 'f::.;.M'

1/inh 6.44. Bidu ctJ l(I'C cdt 1-Rnh 6.45. Biiu ad mo men u6n

ANSYS L:tfI: 3:;.:::3 ANSYS

!:1E:-l R16.0 :'l P.j:J.
::,OJI:!, =.I. Rl6.0
:-'Ill"\ =I 1:ME--1
11 .t:-l
CX UNCI

[I}!'<'.. -,OlH3'.
::Jr, - ,.U2b

t
••
-.!HCE·C
1"("; PM<:J.llT C!Il;II Ti'l'il'JM Tl;(IO KnJri
- •nr.- p

(-i;(I, T;:,11 nTr:r.l 0-: 1'

-fi .JZSS
-1.i..!:\IIH

Hinh 6.46. Chuydn vf theo phuong ngang lflnh 6.47. B1iu a6 lvc d9c trong thanh ch<5ng

22
 6.2.3.5. Khi thi con!( dao nha ga U'iu dir,n klion!( dijt tlianh ch6ng vttn!(

Khi khong d t thanh ch6ng ngang, chuytn vi ngang tang lcn va mo men u6n trong tuang
ttr ding tang len.
r.T,fW.tH ANSYS l
!-i"Oi:•!L SOLrI [ON ANSYS
A16.0
!9.T trJtl R16.0
.'l·..t::;S tM.L'1

;;_srs-o
J:•lE -.o:0 2j
=J,fl.· :- V,JC/i?I.
:r. -.O) .H

Hinh 6.48. A,16 hz'nh PTHH Hi11h 6.49. Chuyi'n vf theo phuang ngang

ANSYS A.NSYS
-:!!:?= Al6.0 Rln.O
!::Ub -1 '.;JU -l
l_t<..t- 1:ut-1
c,-C,,1 t-1· M,i
M:L' =--<.111:.. oi< t-!:tf = O:.:,!i
El.l.Y.:-U-5
rw: - .o ·,

-sL:: 6• v..6E":e
-r.a,;,s

Hinh 6.50. Biiu.<16 ha: c,it Hinh 6.51. Bidu (1.6 1no men u6n

2
 Clurung 7
PHAN TiCH KET CAU PHA.N TR.EN NHA CAO TANG

7.1. PHAN TICH KET CA.U NHA. CAO TA.:KG

7.1.1. Nha cao t.ing

7.1.1.1. Phat triin nha C(lO tdng

Nha cao t.'.tng la san ph.im cua si,r phat tri n kinh t8 va ti8n b◊ khoa h9c ky thu?t xay
di,mg. Thong thuong nha cao ting duqc phan thanh 4 lo i:
Lo;,ii 1: 9 ~ 16 tiing 0ch6ng vuqt qua 50m);
LO?l 2: 17 ~ 25 ting (khong \IU()'t qua 75m);
Loi;ii 3: 26 ~ 40 tftng (khong 'vUc;,t qua 100m);
Lo?i 4: tren 40 iling.
Xu lur6ng phat tri6n nha. cao tfulg cang ngay cang tang s6 t ng va chi6u cao, h9 th6ng
k6t du ngay cang ph(rc t p, da chirc nang, v t ]i u thep, thep - be tong c6t thep khong
ngfrng phat tri€n.

7.1.1.2. Kitciiu nha C(lO tfing

H th6ng k t du trong nha cao tiing chu ySu c6 mfiy lo,;ti du&i day:
- H th<3ng k t cfiu khung. K@t ciu khung t,;to thanh tu cac c9t va dftm, tai tn_mg dung va
tai tn;mg ngang hoan toan do khung chju, dfun va c(,t c6 th b6 tri linh ho?t, duki n d6 tieu
chu£m h6a va dµih luqng hoa. DQ c11ng ngang cl'.ia ket ciu khung kha nho, du(ri tac d mg cl'.ta
d9ng dit cuong d9 m<;tnh c6 th phat sinh chuy6n vi ngang lon, chu ky dao d(>ng rieng cua
k t cAu va trong luong ban than dcht kha nho.
- H th6ng k t cfiu tuc'mg chju cfit. Toan h(> k@t ciu chfnh chju tai trc:mg ngang va dung la
tuang chju cit, tn:mg luqng ban than 16n, d9 drng ngang km vi v y co t11J chju tai tr9ng
d<)ng <.tit 16n.
- H$ th6ng k t du khung - tmmg chiu c t va khung - loi c(mg. Sfr d mg d6ng th&i khung
va tmmg chiu cit cung dam nhi m tai trong ngang va dung, do khung va tuong chiu cit lam
vi?c d6ng thai c6 th nang cao d◊ cung k t du, tang cu011g kha nang ch6ng h_rc ngang, nang
cao tinh nang ch6ng d911g d§t.

22
 - H? th6ng k€t cAu loi c(rng. KSt du d ng tm:mg cbu vi co c6 cucrng 09 va d9 cfrng l&n
hon so v&i ket du tuang chiu c:lt ho{ic k6t cfru khung - hrang chiu c:lt. Su dvng ket: hqp
tuong va
du ki9n d ng chuvi t o thanh k6t du chiu lvc cung dam nhi9m tai tn;mg ngang va d!'.rng.

7.1.2. D c di m phan ticli k t c,u nha cao t ng

KSt c u nha cao tfi.ng n6i chung lam vi?c dum tac dvng d6ng thai cua tai tr911g dung
(tr9ng lu9·ng ban than kSt du, tai tr9ng SlJ dw1g va tai tr9ng d9ng ctat lnr&ng dung) va tai
tr9ng ngang (tai t:r9ng gio, tai tn;mg d9ng d x lur&ng ngang). Tai tn;mg sinh ra 119i h,rc trong
k t cfm thay d6i h1y thu9c vao d9 cao cua cong trinh, khi llQ cao ciia cong trinh tbfip, k t du
t6ng th6 chu yeu l§y ta.i tr9ng dirng de thif:t kf:, h'ic nay anh lnr&ng ciia tai tr9ng ngang la. kha
nho, chuy n vi ngang cua k t ciu cung k:ha nh6. Khi chi u cao cua cong trinh khong ngung
tang Jen, tai tr9ng dl'.mg W sinh l\tc d9c IV trong k t du g§n d1mg ti 1 v&i chi u cao H, tai
tr9ng ngang q gay mo men A-1 trong k€t du va chuyi§n vi ngang u Ifill hrqt ti 1¢ binh
phuong va b c b6n Clla chiSu cao H, me la:
qH2 qH4
N=WH.M =-- u=--
. 2 ' S
Vi vay· d6i v&i nha cao tfm.LT thi6t ka k61 du la kh6ng cha tai trong ncrang· (tai lrong- gi6
. , . b .
tac d\mg d{mg djt), day la. d c di m thi t ke k t dunha cao t ng. Trong Chuang nay chi
xem xet anh huong Clla tai tr9ng gi6 tinh d6i v6i kha ming chiu l\TC ctia ket c&u nha cao tfing.

7.1.3. Tai trqng gio

Xu lm&ng phat tritn hinh thfrc k6t drn nl1a cao t ng la cao, Ill va m m, viv y tai
tr9ng
gi6 dugc xern la nhan t6 cht'1 yeu kh6ng che thi t k!k6t du.
7.1.3.1. Tinlz nguy h{li ciia tii.i tr,;mg gio
Khi gi6 g p phai cong tt·inh se sinh ap Ive nen ho c hJc hut len b m t cong tt·inh, tac
dl,lng h,rc gi6 nay g9i la tai tr9ng gi6. Tac dvng cua gi6 d6i v&i k t d.u c6 th sinh kSt qua
nhu du&i day:
- Kh6i ket d.u chju tac dl,lng Ive gi6 qua 1cm se gay m t 6n dinh;
- KSt d.u sinh d9 vong ho c hiSn h111h qua l&n;
- Tac d\mg cua gi6 l;)p l p se din dSn pha ho i moi k t cftu;
- Do dao dong qua Ian se anh huong d n sinh ho t cua con nguoi.

7.1.3.2. Viin tacgio co· so·Vo va ap I,;·c gio co· so· Wo

V n t6c gio CU' SO' la v n t0c gi6 binh quan 16n nh,it cua VLLilg xay d rng cong trinh thu
tt'r phan tich th6ng ke du li u quan tr c cita cac tr:;i,m khi tu<.mg du6i di u ki n tieu chuin
Ul£l)'C

theo Quy chuful ky thu t qu6c gia. Ap lvc gi6 co s& J-V0 c6 lien quan afn d<) 16n v n t6c gi6

2
co s6 v0• Trong TCVN 2737-2009 quy dinh ap h,rc gi6 coscr tinh toan theo c6ng thirc:

23
 W0 = 0,06l3vi

trong do: v0 la v n t6c gi6 ca sa (m/s) & d(> cao 1Om so v6i m t d§.t, thu9c dja hinh d 111g A,
ung v&i khoang thai gian 1fly tmng blnh t:rong IO phut va bi vu<;rt tmng binh 1119t 1.ln trong
vong 50 nam.

7.1.3.3. Ht s6 thay a6i ap l'J'c gio theo iii) caok(ze)

H s6 thay d6i ap h,rc gi6 theo do cao k(_ze) duqc tinh toan theo c6ng thu:c du&i day:
[ J,Ox ( z, 110)°''0 dgng ilia hinh logi A
k( ze) = 0,65x ( ze / 10)°' d(mj{ dfa hinh lo(ti B
40

llo,40x(ze .110)°'50 dg,ngafa hinh ior,ti C

trong do: Ze la d9 cao tuang dum1g (m). D6i v&i nha cao tfing:

- Khi chiSu cao nha h kich thu6c nha d thi Ze =h

- Khi d < h 2d: v&i z h-d thi Ze = h; v&i O < z < h-d thl Ze = d

- Khi h > d: v&i z 2 h-d thi Ze = h; v&i d < z < h-d thi Ze = z; v&i O < z;::; d thi Ze = d
7.1.3.4. Hj sb khi il6ng c
Khi dong khong khi qua cong trinh se sinh ap h,rc nen ho c 11,rc hut d6i v6i tung b6
ph n c6ng trinh. Tuy hinh d ng, kich thu&c, "i tri b m t, tinh trq.ng be m t ... tai trc;mg
gio ciing thay d6i. N6i chung m t don gi6 sinh ap li,rc nen, m t khuftt gi6 sinh Ive hut, m t
hai bending sinh li,rc hut. D6i v&i k@t cdu C\l thJ c6 th@ xem ph1,1 l\,lc B trong tieu chuftn
TCVN 2737-2009.
7.1.3.5. Tai tr()ng gio trung binh tren kit c.iu
Sau khi xem xet anh huong (.;Lla cac nhan t6, gia tri lieu chuin cua tai tn,mg gi6 ·wlll tac
d\,lng tren don vi di?n tich be m t kJt d.uduqc tinh toan theo cong thuc du6i day:
w111=0,62.W0.k(ze).c

7.1.3.6. Tiii trpng gio xung

06i v&i tai tn mg gi6 xung pb\l thu(k vao nhi u ySu t6 lien quan dSn d9ng h,rc h<;>c k@t
du. Trang Chuong nay eta bo qua thanh ph n gi6 nay.

7.2. PHAN Tieu KET cAu NHA CAO TANG TRONG PHAN MEM ANSYS

7.2.1. Micu ta bid toan

Co mot k t du nha cao t ng ki u khung - loi cung c6 t6ng chi u cao 54m g6m 18 t ng
m&i tling 3m, m t bing k6t d.u cho a hinh 7.1. Phan tich finh k6t cflu nha cao t§.ng du6i
tac dµng cua tai trc,mg gi6. Cho biSt:

2
 4x4m 4x4m 4x4m

I■ .-.
Loi vach cung
Dam phy

■
■
Dim khl ng
--
C6tkhung
I ■ I
. '\... ••
D m bi n

Hinh 7.1. Afif,t hti.ng kit du

Kich thu&c m t dt C ll kic;n va chi tieu C(J ly CLia v t li9u tung ciu kic;n cho obang 7 .1.
Bang 7.1. Tham s6 mo hinh

Kfr:h thu'O'c Tham .w vij,t liju

CJu kijn Jfac be tong
mijt c&t (m) E (k1'"llm2) µ p (Tlm3)
C9tkhung J,lxl,l Iv1350 3,25xl07 0,2 2,7
D rn bien 0,4x0,6 M350 3,25xl0 7
0,2 2,7
D&rn khung 0,5xo,s M350 "_'1?, S. xl0
7
0,2 2,7
Dimph\l 0,3x0,5 M350 3,25x107 0,2 2,7
Tuong Loi 0,3 M350 3,25x107 0,2 2,7
Ban san 0,2 M300 3,0xl07 0,2 2,7
- - -
Tuong ngoai 0,2 JvfJ00 3,0x107 0,2 2,7

Tai tn,mg d{rng chi xem xet tn,mg lm,m.g ban than, tai tn,mg ngang chi x m xet tac <l mg
cua tai trQng gi6, ap l rc gi6 cos& Wo = 0,7479kN/m2• H s6 thay d6i ap hrc gi6 theo d◊ cao
1:ly theo d,,mg dja hinh lo;,ii C. H s6 khi d(mg 15.y theo tieu chuin phv thu(k vao hlnh d:,mg
kft du,obi vai m t b5ng nha hlnh .Af l§y thco hinh 7.2.

j"<fmlg gl6

+0,8

-0,7 @ © @ -0,7

-- @ -
-0,6
I -o.5 I @
-0,6

Hinh 7.2. H¢ sc5 khi a(jng

23
 Tai tn;mg gi6 tac d\mg len di n tich don vi b m t cong trlnh c6 4 lo?i:
50
0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( ze / 10)°' x
50
0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( ze I 10)°' x (-0,7)
w m -- 1
50
0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( ze I 10)°' x (-0,6)
50
l0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( ze I10)°" x (-0,5)
Khi d = 44m < h = 54m :5; 2d = 88m:
z h- d = 10m:

0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( 54 / 10)°'50 x 0,8 = 0,1484x 5,4°, 5

, _ 0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x (54 /10)°' 50x (-0,7)= -0,1298x 5,4°' 5

[ 2
W - J _ (kN/m )
111

to
1 0
0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x (54 / x(-0,6) = -0,1113x 5,4°·5

l0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x (54 / IO)°' x( -0, 5) = -0,0927 x 5,4°·5

50

0<z<h- d=
1Om:
50 5
0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( 44 / 10)°· x 0,8 = 0,1484x 4,4°·
0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( 44 / 10)°'
50
x (-0,7)= -0,1298x 4,4U,5 ,
w =i (kN/m
4

50
0,62x 0.7479x 0,40x ( 44 /10)0· x(-0.6) = -0,1l13x4,4°5
)

l0,62x 0,7479x 0,40x ( 44/ 1 o)°'50 x (-0,5) = -0,0927x 4,4°· 5

0 don gian coi ap ]l):c gi6 phan b6 dSu len cac m t trong hinh 7.2 nhu
sau: 0,3448-!Yl<Jt CD
-[0,3016-M(tt( , 2
w
,,, 1-0 =
, 2586 - JY1at (--3:::'/,
\,
(kN,m)

l-0,2154-M(tt i)

7.2.2. Th\fc hi n bai toan theo phmrng thuc APDL

FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,NHACAOTANG
/TITLE.PHAN TICH KET CAU NHA CAO TANG CHIU TAC DUNG CUA GIO TINH
/PREP?
ET,1,BEAM188
!Dinh nghTa ph§n t& thanh 3-D
KEYOPT,1,3,3
ET,2,SHELL63
!Dinh nghTa phan tll' v6 4 nut
MP,EX,1,3.25E7
2
!0jnh nghTa v$t li$u be
tong M350

23
 MP,PRXY,1,0.2
MP,DENS,1,2.700
MP,EX,2,3.0E7 !Dinh nghTa v t li u betong M300
MP,PRXY,2,0.2
MP,DENS,2,2.700
SECTYPE,1,BEAM,RECT !Dinh nghia ti t dien cc)t 1.1x1.1m
SECDATA,1.1,1.1
SECTYPE,2,BEAM,RECT !Dinh nghia tiet di n dam 0.4x0.6m
SECDATA,0.4,0.6
SECTYPE,3,BEAM,RECT !Dinh nghTa tiet di n dam 0.5x0.8m
SECDATA,0.5,0.8
SECTYPE,4,BEAM,RECT !Dinh nghTa ti t di n d m
0.3x0.5m SECDATA,0.3,0.5
R,2,0.2 !Dinh nghia chi u dayphAn tll'vo 0.2m
R,3,0.3 !Dinh nghia chi u dayphan tll' vo 0.3m
!Xay dt,l'ng mo hinh hinh hQC
K, 1,0 $K,12,44
KFILL,1,12 !Tc;10 diem giO•a hai diem da co
KGEN,5,1,12,,,4 !Nhan ban di m
KGEN,19,1,60,.,,3
NIEW,1,1,1,1 $/ANGLE,1,270,XM,0 $/REPLOT
!Tc,10 ph n tu CQl
/ESHAPE,1 !Hinh d<;ing ph n tll'
/NUMBER.1
/PNUM,SECT,1
*00,1,1,1021,60
L,l,1+60
*ENDDO
LGEN,3,1,18,1,8,,,2 $LGEN,2,1,54,1,,16,.48
LGEN,2,1,18,1,.8,,24 $LGEN,2,37,54,1,.8,,24
LGEN,2,1,144,1,28,,.7 $LATT,1,,1,,,,1
LESIZE,ALL,1 $LMESH,ALL
Mo hinh ph n tu cot cho & hinh 7.3.
!Tc,10 ph n tu d§m
bien LSEL,U,,.ALL
L,61,65 $L,65,89 $L,89,92
L,92,68 $L,68,72 $L,72,120
L,120,109 $L,109,61
LGEN,18,289,296,1,.,3,60
LATT,1,,1,,,,2
LESIZE,ALL,1 $LMESH,ALL,2

2
Mo hinh phfm tfr d m bien cho o hinh 7.4.

ANSYS ANSYS
Rlt.J R:6.0

(x.

Hinh 7.3. Tqo phti.n tu c9t 1-llnlr 7.4. Tqo phdn flt· ddm bien
!Tc;to phan tll' dam khung
LSEL,U,,,ALL
L,63,111 $L,85.89 $L,89,113
L,70,118 $L,92,96 $L,92,116
LGEN.18,433,438,1,.,3,60
LATT,1,,1,,,,3
LESIZE,ALL,1 $LMESH,ALL
Mo hinh ph n tu <tim khung cho 6 hinh 7.5.
!T o phan tu dam ph1_1
LSEL,U,,,ALL
L,62,110 $L,64,112 $L,B9,117
L,71,119 $L,97,108 $L,73,77
L,80,84 $L,90,102 $L,91,103
LGEN,18,541,549,1,.,3,60
LATT,1,,1,,.,4
LESIZE,ALL,1 $LMESH,ALL $ALLSEL
Mo hlnh phfin tu d.§m phi;i cho a hinh 7.6.
ANSYS I\NSYS
R16.C R15.0

Hinh 7.5. T(w pluin ll.,· ddm khu.ng Hinh 7.6. Tq.u phftn lii· dJm plu,1

23
 !Tc;10 mo hinh m t san
*00,1,61,64,1
A,l,I+1,I+13,I+12
*ENDDO
AGEN,4,1,4,1,,4,,12
*DO,I,68,71,1
A,l,I+1,I+13,I+12
*ENDDO
AGEN,4,17,21,1,,4,,12
*00,1,89,91,1
A,l,I+1,I+13,I+12
*ENDDO
AGEN,18,1,35,1,,,3,60
A,1133,1136,1124,1121
Mo hinh hinh h9c m t san cho a hinh 7.7.
!Tc;10 mo hinh tU'o·ng bien
*DO,1,61,64,1
A,l,I+1,I+61,1+60
*ENDDO
*00,1,89,91,1
A,l,I+1,I+61,I+60
*ENDDO
*DO,1,68,71,1
A,l,I+1,I+61,I+60
*ENDDO
*DO,I,109,112,1
A.I,I+1,I+61,I+60
*ENDDO
*DO,I.116,119,1
A,l,1+1,I+61,I+60
*ENDDO
*DO,I,61,97,12
A,l,I+12,1+72,I+60
*ENDDO
*DO,I,65,77,12
A,l,1+12,1+72,I+60
*ENDDO
*DO,1,68,80,12
A,l,I+12,1+72,I+60
*ENDDO
·oo,1.12,1os,12
A,l,I+12,1+72,I+60
'ENDDO
AGEN,17,632,662,1.,,3,60

2
Mo hinh hinh h9c tucmg bien cho & hinh 7.8.
ANSYS ANSYS
Rlti.O Rl6.0

I I
Hl."11 TT("F TT- 11."l /Hll. 1't•'": T:lN ,i:ir- T ,- ITT-. 1---itl i.Tn TTt.."H •t-.JU. .rL,."h u.·: 1:.11..1 e1:-1.A •• v.1 ·:.n.w., l-'MJ.U 1::1.1.· v• .Nr; •.:u.i. #J.• ' 1.·ui.i

/fl,r/i 7.7. lvf6 hinh m{it san ffinh 7.8. lv/6 hinh tuimg bien
!Chia ph n tu· san va tu•ong bien
AATT,2,2,2
AESIZE,ALL,1 $AMESH.ALL
Mo hi.nh phfin tu hfru h?n m t san va tuang bien cho a hinh 7.9.
!T<;to phan tll' vach 16i c(mg
ASEL,U,.,ALL
A,53,56,1136,1133 $A,41,44,1124,1121
AATT,1,3,2
AESIZE,ALL,1 $AMESH.ALL
ASEL,U,MAT,,1
A,41,53,1133,1121 $A,44,56,1136,1124
AATT,1,3,2
AESIZE,ALL,1 $AMESH.ALL
NUMMRG,ALL $NUMCMP,ALL
ALLSEL $FINISH
Mo hinh ph n tu hfru h,,m k@t cfru nha cao tfrng cho a hinh 7.10.
ANSYS
Rlb.O
ANSYS
:it-I,; !JU.l!l Rlt.O

Hinh 7.9. Mo hinh phdn tlC hii:u ht;m Hinh 7.1O. M15 hinh phdn tit hi"i·u lu;:m
mcjt san va tuong bien to,:ng ht nha' cao ta,;ng
,e.tke.it. caJu.

23
 !Gan cli u ki n bien va t[nh toan
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
ACEL,0,0,10 !Gan gia t6c tn;>ng trU'&ng
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0
D,ALL,ALL !Gan bien ngam aay c(>t
ALLSEL
SOLVE !Tinh toan trc;mg lm;rng ban than
FINISH
/POST1
PLNSOL,U,SUM !Pho chuyen vi tong
PLNSOL,U,Y !Ph6 chuy n vi theo phll'ong Y
FINISH

ANSYS ANS
Rt6.0
m-- 1t.O
WE- sn:r-1
tll£.- S1J& -1
t":,OY. (;\V:,)
._)
n -1
O'i•'.r.u:ii
rt-IX -·' 11:\?.
R:.:i?'.:.• :
oo -.nr1:1::;:c.i

ffinh 7.11. PhJ chuyi.n vf t6ng do TLBT Hinh 7.12. PhJ chuyin vf. lheo phunng Y
!Tinh toan ciao d¢ng
/SOLU
ANTYPE,MODAL !Tinh toan ciao d¢ng
MODOPT,SUBST,6 !S6 buac tfnh toan dao d<)ng
MXPAND,6,.,YES
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
SET,LIST
!Xuat bang tan s6 ciao d¢ng rieng

Ba ng 7.2. B· a? ng ta;i,, n s"o d ao d"qng n eng c u a k"et cao ta;i, , ng

? •A B

c a" u n ha'
,/\J5E-,LIST Command X
File

- SET
2 1
IHDE OF DnTn &ET& OH RESULT& PILE
Tlt1E1PRI:QLOAD STEP SUBS:TEP
1.6334 1
CUl1ULAIII.IE
1
- 1
::I 2. bl<IK 1 2 2
::1.1? ?.
4 5.5528 1 1::I 1 ::I
s 6.5?28 1 s s
66. ?305 1 f, 6
1

2
 !Xu.tit d ng ciao dc;ing & cac bu•&c
SET.FIRST !ChQn blJ'6'C dao m;mg crau tien
PLDISP,O !D ng dao d¢ng
SET.NEXT !ChQn bU'6'C dao d¢ng ti p theo
PLDISP,O !Dc;tng dao dong

O;,tng dao dong & tAt ca cac bu&c cho 6 hinh

7.13.
ANSVS
R,6.0
AN5YS
lil"'f-1
R16.0 :il"•l'-1
:;u: J :;'T., :::
Ire('-J,G:33.; :-.ur2. <:cr.c
tJ!!': -.01 -H !Xfl. •,OH'.X,

Buo·c dao d9ng thunhcit Bu(J"c dao d911g thtr hai

ANSYS ' Clffl!.CmJII ANSYS

"t l'-..1
R16.0 ::'l'I.f-l R16.0
i;u,, """ :ot, -
J:l{!. -.:.r. .u mte•5,S J1
!JI.\ -.t lhi:

Buor dao d'5ng th11: ha Bu/re dan ar5ng thu- tu

ANSYS ANSYS
E.P: Rl:.O R1/i.O
:rt- S" -,;.
vi!,;<-( 1)):)
,rrc,-n.s1x1f r.:-!'1.:(J!lt,

Buirc dan ai}ng thu nam Buirc dao di}ng thu sau

Hinh 7.13. Ctic dq,ng dan d{5ng kit diu nha can tdng

24
 !Gan tai tr9ng gio va tfnh toan
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
/PSF,PRES,NORM,2,0,1
ASEL,S,LOC,Y,16
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,0.3448 $ALLSEL
ASEL,S,LOC,Y,0
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,0.2586
$ALLSEL
ASEL,S,LOC,X,0
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,-0.3016
$ALLSEL
ASEL,S,LOC,X,44
SFA.ALL,1,PRES,0.3016
$ALLSEL
ASEL,S,LOC,Y,8
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,0.2154
$ALLSEL
Gan tai trc,mg gi6 len bl?. m t cung trinh cho a hinh 7.14.

ANSYS
R16.0
.!.CEL
l'lU':5 l,Or<!ll

- ::llllf. - l!f7 ftfi - n14;::1- 1.:=ct:::!::l::I ?.77.'S7R

- . 335 '8- . 086 B. 05,511..0115'6. 3-148
t'llAtl 'l'.lL1l K ·l' l:AU .!1llA t..:AU ·JAN!;, t..:lllU TAC 1'VNt: C.:UA G.H) TiNll

Hinh 7.14. Gan tai lr(mg ap [lfC gin!en hJ mgt kit cdu
!Tfnh
toan
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
!Xuat ket qua chuyen vj
!Ph6 chuyim vj t6ng
PLNSOL,U,SUM
!Ph6 chuy€in vj theo phll'ang Y
PLNSOL,U,Y

2
 1-,or,;.r, '"m,mrm
:::E?-1 Rl6.0
OF.:1 I:!'".!-l
l.:il.H(Ji.A;)
E=Yil-0
n-!K-.·11.u.1

ANSVS l
t.roon. 'im1rrm
:i:C?-1
RL6.0
:'tlJR, =!
1:1-u:-1
UCA'lf.it
E",n -o
f.00: -. 11· 447
s,m --. 1111:n,.,:-!
s-»: -.s1 r 03

-.on n -.iz,,;:c-.:.i

:.r.w ucl': K!I er.;; rr:-c."'!. O'.O Ir.NG- : rJ rn= G- Ct".""!.U:lo Tm?'!

Hinh 7.15. PhfJ chuyin vj t/Jng Hinh 7.16. PhAchuyJn vt theo phmmg Y
!Xuf:lt k.§t qua n<)i ll,rc
ETABLE,Nl,SMISC,1 !Dinh nghTa bang dQ: li u n¢ill,l'C
ETABLE,NJ,SMISC,14
ETABLE,Ql,SMISC,5

ETABLE,QJ,SMISC,18
ETABLE,Ml,SMISC,2
ETABLE,MJ,SMISC,15
PLLS,Nl,NJ,1,0
PLLS,Ml,MJ,-1,0
!Bieu do ll,rc dQC
!Bi§u d6 mo men u6n quanh trL,Jc Y

24
 fT\lT. :tTRr-:t ANSVS
;r-;-p_·
"IA:::·
Hl6.U
nm:::.
.Illt>,J
HI - 101Sf .£
-::r.':ll- r;

·.rm: :,rR"..'i" ANSYS

81El'-l R16.0
:'t'.r\ =1
TIY.E::l

"H'm - LH"-tl'-,J5

-379 .3"7s,..12!.E
<i.L-1HLC2:.2i0.0':'2 i04. JC
Pa'I.N TIC:!!: KO Cl\U K:ill. CAO nJc C:tro rn.,:: )t."Jl"G.c:oa GIO TIN"l-i

Hinh 7.17. BiJ°u aJ hrc d9c Hinh 7.18. Biiu aJ mo men u6n AfY

2
 Chll'mtg 8
PHAN TiCH KET cAu KHUNG NHA THEP

8.1. :MODAU

Hi n naynhi u nghien Clnt b t d u chl'.1 )7 d n vAn d phong hoa Ctla k t du. Tren
phuong di n ky SU kft du quan tam nhftt chfnh la lam ro phan irng cua k t du trong hoa
hor,ln. Ph n mJm ANSYS c6 kha nang giai quy@t t6t vin dJ.nay.
Phan tich kSt du trong di u ki n hoa ho n baog6m ba bu6c chinh:
(1) U'&c luqng phr,1m vi hoa ho;,in trong phong va nhi t de;, lchong khl t6i da.
(2) D ra vao nhi9t d(> khong khi tinh toan phan b6 nhi¢t de) CLL8 k t du.
(3) D ra vao phan b6 nhi t do cua kJt du tinh toan phan i'rng cua kJt diu.
Buuc (1) thut)c pbuong <li n dt)ng lvc h9c luu th€ (CFD) c6 th€ thvc hi n trong phfin
m m ANSYS. Nhung trong tinh toa.n thiet ke tlnrang aua ra m(>t vai gia thiet don gian nlm
hoa ho n bi kh6ng cbS trong ph m vi hfru h{ln, nhi t dq trong phong phan b6 d u ... sau do
dtra ra c6ng tinh toan don gian SIJ tang nhi t d<) trong phong theo thoi gian:
T= 20 + 345log10(8t+ 1)
trong d6:
T - nhi t d◊, °C;
t - lhai gian, s.
Sau khi xac dinh nhi?t d<) trong phong tiSn hanh phan tich nhi?t sau d6 phan tich tinh kft
du. Du6i day se trinh bay m<)t vi d1,1 C\l th@ th rc hi n trong phfm mSm ANSYS theo phuong
phap APDL.

H.2. KHU G THEP CHIU TA.C D()NG CUA HOA HO N

8.2.1. Mieu ta bai toan

:Mot khung ph5ng bilng thep 5 tltng 2 nhip lien tµc c6 chi u cao tlng 3,5m va chi u dai
nhjp 6,0m, chan lien k€t ngam va chiu tai tr9ng nhu tren hinh 8.1. M t dt ngang dim va c<)t
c6 ti t di?n chu I cho 6 bang 8.1. V t li u thep CT3 c6 m6 dun dan h6i ban d§u E =
2,lxl011N/ni2,

24
h s6 Poisson v = 0,3, kh6i luong rieng p = 7850kg/m3, gi6i h,;m chayJ; = 0,275 x109N/m2,
ht; s6 gian n& nhi9t a= 1,4xl0-5. 0 c tnrng v6 nhi9t cua v l li9u th6p cho a bang 8.2 d6n
bang 8.5. B m t c9t va dftm tiSp Xl1C v6i nhi t OQ hoa ho n duqc cho O hinh 8.2.
Yeu cciu: phan tich nhi?t, (mg suftt nhi?t, n9i h,rc va chuy n vi cua k t dukhung khi chiu
tac d\mg cua tai tr9ng va hoa ho n t<;ti m(>t gian phong.
Luu _y: qua trinh phan ticb OUQ'C tlwc hi n theo hai lm&c:
- Phan tich nhi t kSt cAu ph n khung chiu tac d1,1ng tn,rc tiSp cua h6a ho.,in.
- Phan Lich t6ng th kSt du chiu lac d1,mg dia tai tn;mg va rang bu9c chuy n vi t i vi tri
tiSp giap v6i phftn khung chtu tac d\mg tn_rc tiSp cim hoa ho n.

Bang 8.1. Kich thmrc mijt ciit ngang dAm va c{)t

Dam Id C tlc
H,(m) B, (m) T, t1 (m) H2(m) B2 (m) T1(m) t2 (m)
(m)
0,300 0,160 0,010 0,006 0,200 0,200 0,012 0,008

Bang 8.2. H s6 giam mo dun dan hfii ciia v t li u thep

Nhiit df,(°C) 20 100 200 300 400

p x E (1V/m1) l,O 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7
Nhijt d{i (°C) 500 600 700 800 900
PX£ (Nl11i2) 0,6 0,31 0,13 0,09 0,0675
"

Bang 8.3. Quan h ung sufit bi n d;;ang t.:Ua Y t li u thep

T=20°C T=100°C T=200°C T=300°C T=400°C

.,.,
Bii11 c?ng Biin lJ11g Biin Ung Biin Ung Biin Ung
d!mg suJt dtpzg suat d!l,ng sui'it ,L,;mg suat ,L,pzg su&t
0,8071:, 0,613} 0,42fy
fjE _t;, J/E J;, 0,807/y, 0,613J;, 0,42/2
0,9£ 0,8E 0,7E
0,02 J;, 0,02 fr 0,02 J; 0,02 vfi; o_.02 h,
0,15 J;, 0,15 fr 0,15 fy 0,15 h, 0,15 _f,,
T= 500°C T=600°C T= 700°C T= 800°C T=900°C
1Jii11 {/ng Biin {/ng Biin Ung Bi2n t)iig Bi2n Ung
d![1tg su.it d,pzg .mat df!,ng suat d9ng siuit d9ng su&t
0,36/y 0,18/y 0,075!_)' 0,05!_\' 0,0375}
0,36J; 0,18/ 0,075J; 0,05J;, 0,0375;;
0,6E 0,31£ 0,13E 0,09E 0,0675E
0,02 0,78/2 O,Ol 0,47/;, 0,02 0,23fr 0,02 0,1lf,, 0,02 0,06_l.
0,15 0,7&{y 0,15 0,47(i, 0,15 0,2 {y 0,15 0,1/y 0,15 0,0 f,,.

2
 Bang 8.4. H s6 din nhi t cua v t li?u thcp

1 Vh"lf"t tC{) (°C) 20 800 900 1000

Hf- sD dJn nhi?t 53,334 27,36 27,36 27,36
J/(m.s.°C)

Bang 8.5. Nhift dung rieng cua v t li u thep

,Vhift d{; ( C) 20 100 180 260 380 500 600

Nhift dung .//(kg. C)
0
439,8 487,62 522,33 550,75 596,52 666,5 759,92
Nhijtdp (CJ 640 720 735 750 830 900 1000
1\Thift dung J/(kg."C) 798,67 1388 5000 1438 725 650 650
-
-- --
75,SkN l5HcN 75,5kN

J !i,Om
J f.,Orn
J
Hinh 8.1. Kit cdu khung thep phiing

..

Hinh 8.2. Mq,t cdt ngang c9t vd ddm

24
 8.2.2. Th\rc hi n bai toan

8.2.2.1. Phan tich ,zhijt kJt ct1.u phJn klrung chju tac d{mg trl!,'c tiJp ctia hoa hof!,n
FINI
/CLEAR
/FILNAME,KHUNGTHEP
/TITLE,PHAN TICH NHIET PHAN KHUNG CHIU TAC DUNG CUA HOA HOAN
!UNIT: M, N, S, oC
!Nh$p so li u dauvao
W_COT=0.20
Im, be r9ng mi;it cat ngang c◊t
H COT=0.20
Im, chieu cao m I cal ngang c(>t
TF COT=0.012 !m, chieu day ban canh cot
TW_COT=0.008
!m, chif½u day ban bt,mg c9t
B_COT=(W_COT-TW_COT)/2 !m, b r¢ng canh c¢t
D_COT=H_COT-2*TF_COT !m, chieu cao ban bt,mg c¢t
W_DAM=0.16 Im, be r(>ng m,lit cat ngang dam
H_DAM=0.30 !m, chieu cao m t cat ngang dam
TF_DAM=0.01
!m, chieu day ban canh dam
TW DAM=0.006 !m, chi u day ban bt,mg dam
B_OAM=(W_OAM-TW_DAM)/2
!m, b n)ng canh dam
D_DAM=H_DAM-2*TF_DAM !m, chieu cao ban bt,mg dam
B_NHIP=6.0
!m, be r9ng nhip
H_TANG=3.5
!m, chieu cao tang
PP={W_COT-W_DAM)/2
!m, chenh I$ch ban canh c¢1va dam
/PREP7
ET,1,SOLID70
!Phan tu
nhi Ikh6i 8 nut
MPTEMP,.20,800,900,1000 !O!nh nghia h s6 d n nhi t theo nhi t d¢v t li u thep
MPDATA,KXX,1,,53.334,27.36,27.36,27.36
MPTEMP
MPTEMP,,20,100,180,260,380 I0jnh nghia nhi$1dung rieng theo nhi$t d¢ v t li$u thep
MPDATA,C,1,,439.8,487.62,522.33,550.75,596.52
MPTEMP,.500,600,640,720,735
MPDATA,C,1,,666.5,759.92,798.67,1388,5000
MPTEMP,.750,830,900,1000
MPDATA,C,1,,1483,725,650,650
MP,DENS,1,7850 !0jnh nghia khoi lu•qng rieng cua vc;it li$u thep
!Xay d1,mg mo hinh phan Ill' hll'u h n
!Xay dl,l'ng mo hinh cot !hep
N,1,-H_COT/2,,-W_COT/2
$N,2,-H_COT/2,,-W_COT/2+PP
NGEN,4,1,2,,,,,(B_COT-PP)/3
!Nhan ban nut gifra hai diflm nut da c6
N,6,-H_COT/2,,TW_COT/2
NGEN,4,1,6,,,,.(B_COT-PP)/3

2
N,10,-H_COT/2,,W_COT/2
NGEN,2,10,1,10,1,TF_COT $NGEN,10,6,15,16,1,D_COT/10
NGEN,2,60,11,20,1,D_COT $NGEN,2,10,71,80,1,TF_COT
NGEN,2,100,ALL,,,,(H_TANG-H_DAM/2)/60
E,1,2,12,11,101,102,112,111 !Xay d1,mg phan tu• khoi tu 8 diem nut
EGEN,9,1,1
!Nhan ban phfln tu
NIEW,1,1,1,1
$EPLOT

ANSYS
R16.0

ffltrh 8.3. L6-p phdn tu· du6i day c9t

Pi:!Af.l TIC!! C f:IET ?HAN KHONG CHIO TAC DUNG CUA HOA i!OM,1
E,15,16,22,21,115,116,122,121
$EGEN,10,6,10
E,71,72,82,81,171,172,182,181
$EGEN,9,1,20
EGEN,60,100,1,28,1,.,.,,0,(H_ TANG-H_DAM/2)/60
NSEL,S,NODE.,6001,6090,1 $NGEN,2,100,ALL,.,,TF_DAM
EGEN,2,100,1653,1680,1 $NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,NODE.,6101,6190 $NGEN,11,100,ALL,,,.D_DAM/10
EGEN,11,100,1681,1708,1 $NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,NODE.,7101,7190 $NGEN,2,100,ALL,.,,TF_DAM
EGEN,2,100,1961,1988,1 $NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,NODE.,7201,7290 $NGEN,7,100,ALL,.,,H_DAM/6
EGEN,7,100,1989,2016,1 $NSEL.ALL
NGEN,2,10000,ALL,.,B_NHIP !Nhan ban di m nutc9t thlJ' hai
EGEN,2,10000,1,2184,1 !T?o ph n tu1 cot th(r hai
!Xay dt,mg mo hinh d m thep
N,20001,H_COT/2,H_TANG-H_DAM/2,-W_DAM/2
NGEN,4,1,20001,,,.,B_DAM/3
N,20005,H_COT/2,H_TANG-H_DAM/2,TW_DAM/2
NGEN,4,1,20005,,,,.B_DAM/3

24
 NGEN,2,10,20001,20008,1,,TF_DAM
NGEN,10,6,20014,20015,1,,D_DAM/10
NGEN,2,60,20011,20018,1,,D_DAM
NGEN,2,10,20071,20078,1,,TF_DAM
NGEN,2,100,20001,20090,.(B_NHIP-H_COT)/100
E,20001,20002,20012,20011,20101,20102,20112,20111
EGEN,7,1,4369
E,20014,20015,20021,20020,20114,20115,20121,20120
EGEN,10,6,4376
E,20071,20072,20082,20081,20171,20172,20182,20181
EGEN,7,1,4386 EGEN,100,100,4369,4392,1,,,,,,
(B_NHIP-H_COT)/100 CPINTF,ALL,0.002
FINISH

ANSYS
IR16.0

P!!I.:t.::T'!I::Jl )lJlIET i"JilLK !'llt

Hinh 8.4. Mo hinhphdn ll£ lt;t,i vi tri tiip giap giira ddm va q5t
!Phan tfch nhii;lt
/SOLU
ANTYPE,TRANS
TUNIF,20 !E>inh nghia nhi t d(> ban d u
NSEL,S,NODE,,71,6071,100
*DO,1,80,90,1
NSEL,A,NODE,,I,6000+1,100
*ENDDO
CM,BC1,NODE !Nh6m cac nut day ban canh c(>t
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,NODE,,10020,16020,100

2
*00,1,10001,10011,1
NSEL,A,NODE.,I,6000+I,100
•ENDDO
CM,BC2,NODE !Nh6m cac nut hai ben ban canh c¢t ti p xuc voi nhi t de;,
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,NODE.,20011,30011,100
NSEL,A,NODE.,20018,30018,100
*D0,I,20001,20008,1
NSEL,A,NODE,,I,10000+I,100
*ENDDO
CM,B01,NODE !Nh6m cac nut day ban canh dftm ti€lp xuc v&i nhi I do
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,NODE.,20011,30011,100
NSEL,A,NODE.,20012,30012,100
NSEL,A,NODE.,20013,30013,100
NSEL,A,NODE.,20071,30071,100
NSEL,A,NODE.,20072,30072,100
NSEL,A,NODE,,20073,30073,100
*D0,I,20014,20074,6
NSEL,A,NODE,,I,10000+I,100
*ENDDO
CM,B02,NODE
!Nh6m cac nut hai ben dilm tiep xuc v&i nhi$t d<)
NSEL,ALL
NSEL,S,NODE.,20016,30016,100
NSEL,A,NODE.,20017,30017,100
NSEL,A,NODE.,20018,30018,100
NSEL,A,NODE,,20076,30076,100
NSEL,A,NODE..20077,30077,100
NSEL,A,NODE,,20078,30078,100
·Do,I,20015,20015,6
NSEL,A,NODE..I,10000+I,100
*ENDDO
CM,B03,NODE
!Nh6m cac nut hai ben dam tiep xuc v&i nhi t a◊
NSEL,ALL
!Gan tai tr9ng nhi$t d9
·oo,TM,60,1ao,60
TIME.TM
$DELTIM,20
AUTOTS,ON
TEMP=20+345*LOG10(8*TM/60+1)
!Nhi t d◊ chay theo thai gian
SF,BC1,CONV,25,TEMP
!Gan nhi$t d¢ vao nut

25
 SF,BC2,CONV,25,TEMP SSF,8D1,CONV,25,TEMP
SF,8D2,CONV,25,TEMP $SF,BO3,CONV,25,TEMP
SF,BC1,RDSF,0.9,1 !Gan mc;\t tai tr9ng bCrc x,;1
SF,BC2,RDSF,0.9,2 $SF,BO1,RDSF,0.9,3
SF,8D2,RDSF,0.9,4 SSF,8D3,RDSF,0.9,5
STEF,5.6696E-8
!Hang s6 bLYc Xe:! Stefan-Boltzmann
TOFFST,273
!Chenh l ch nhi t d9tu• tri tuy t doi kh6ng den 0
SPCTEMP,1,TEMP
!Xac d!nh nhi t d(> m6i trU'CYng khong gian ll,l' do cha bll'C X,;l SLY d1,mg
phll'o>ng phap Radiosity
SPCTEMP,2,TEMP
SSPCTEMP,3,TEMP
SPCTEMP,4,TEMP
SSPCTEMP,5,TEMP
SOLVE
*ENDDO
FINISH
/POST1
PLNSOL,TEMP,,0,
!Pho nhi t d◊ t9i diem nut t9i thai diem cuoi cung
FINISH

IIOCAL SOLJJIIOlf ANSYS

S:CP-3 H,f IR16.0
'.iUI! -:I
1:ME:=180

S!!ll -30.0001
SM!!: =266.:33

20.0001 74.6 63 12 .392 184.0SS 23!.75

-34B2102.C 4156.741211. 372 6.133
PH.AK TICJL NnIJ:'I Pl!AN I{lllJNG CHIU TAC o-.n;G CUl.. IIOII. !:•Jill

Hinh 8.5. PhA nhift d<5 ddm nut tq,i tM1i diJm 180s

- Xem ph6 nhi t dot i cac thoi diSm:

Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > By Pick > Chon Time 60> Read > Close
Main Ivlenu > General Postproc > Plot Results> Contour Plot> Nodal Solu > XuAt hi n
bang Contour Nodal Solution Data> Nodal Solution> DOF Solution> Nodal Temperature
> OK duqc ket qua ph6 nhi t d9 di m nllt t i thai di€rn 60s. Tuong tv cho th&i di m 120s.
KJt qua ph6 nhi t d9cho& hinh 8.6.

2
 ANSYS
R16.C,

·:.U'!!.-1;1.
:'::Hr l.iW'C)

:s.w -1',.'J','J",'
Si!K - (.'){7

IS. 9:'7 35.7:,6 51.:>141 fl.1"113 B.i:28'1

?7.f: 83"' -f3."..;':_=, _JC,;7i.",.1t(J8(j()_C:i)"I'
PiUN' 'fI,:-H N!'..IET Pl"..=itl Kr.utt CHIU IAC D:NG :"'"JA li.O. :0:.0.ltl'

ANSYS
R16.0

IC!il'O,W,
:::<."'!'i-(l

=:n -:.77.771.
-JQ

7..rJ ."i!'i.0fiO e.,1. 1;,H 1:t . 81 U0. ::'.'41

J".';,,Jl
ii. :l'..:J10".'.t.:..,1l."!;;::.·.'_1l'ri.i'fl
flAJI' TTC:li mm l=UA'f l0lr1'r:1 :-:·1nr TAC: r,:mr-- mz. fi'.)Z. JT(l, l,;

mnh8.6. Ph6 nhi¢t d(j aie°m nut tgi th&i adm 60s va 120s

8.2.2.2. Phan tich tiJng thJ kJt cdu chju tac d1mg c1ia tai tr9ng va nhi t
/PREP7
/TITLE.PHAN TICH KET CAU KHUNG THEP PHANG CHIU TAC DUNG CUA HOA HOAN
ET,1,SOLID45,1,1
!Ph§.n tu ket diu kh6i 8 nut
ET,2,BEAM188
!Ph n tll' d m
FY=275E6
!N/m2, gio•i h,;m chay deo cua thep
EXX=2.1E11 !N/m2, mo dun dan hOi ban d u cua tMp
MP,NUXY,1,0.3
!H so Poisson cua v t li u thep
MP,ALPX.1,1.4E-5
!H so gian n& nhi t cua v t li(lu thep
MPTEMP
MPTEMP.,20,100,200,300,400 !O!nh nghia mo dun dan hoi theo nhi$t de) v t li(!
u MPDATA,EX,1,.EXX,EXX,0.9*EXX,0.8*EXX,0.7'EXX
MPTEMP,,500,600,700,800,900
MPDATA.EX,1,,0.6*EXX,0.31*EXX,0.13*EXX,0.09*EXX,0.0675*EXX
TB,MIS0,1,10,3 TBTEMP,200 TBPT,,0.02,FY TBTEMP,300 TBPT,,0.02.FY
TBTEMP,20 TBTEMP,400 TBPT,,0.02,FY TBTEMP,500 TBPT,,0.02.0.780*FY
TBPT,,0.02,FY TBTEMP,600
TBTEMP,100
TBPT,,0.02,FY

25
!O!nh nghTa dU'ong
quan h$ (mg su§t bi n
d,;1ng cua thep
$TBPT,,FY/EXX,FY
$TBPT,,0.15,FY
$TBPT,.FY/EXX,FY
$TBPT,.0.15,FY
$TBPT..0.807*FY/
(0.9*EXX).0.807*FY
$TBPT,,0.15,FY
$TBPT,.0.613*FY/
(0.8*EXX),0.613*FY
$TBPT,.0.15,FY
$TBPT,,0.42D*FY/
(0.7*EXX),O.420*FY
$TBPT,.0.15.FY
$TBPT,,0.360*FY/
(0.6*EXX),0.360*FY
$TBPT,.0.15,0.780*FY
$TBPT,.0.180*FY/
(0.31*EXX),0.180*FY

2
TBPT,,0.02,0.470*FY $TBPT,,0.15,0.470*FY
TBTEMP,700 $TBPT,,0.075*FY/(0.13*EXX),0.075..FY
TBPT.,0.02,0.230*FY $TBPT,,0.15,0.230*FY
TBTEMP,800 $TBPT,,0.050*FY/(0.09*EXX),0.05*FY
TBPT,,0.02,0.110*FY $TBPT,,0.15,0.110*FY
TBTEMP,900 $TBPT,,0.0375*FY/(0.0675*EXX),0.0375*FY
TBPT,,0.02,0.060*FY $TBPT,,0.15,0.060*FY
!Binh nghia mc)t cat cqt va dam
SECTYPE,1.BEAM,l,COT
SECDATA,W_COT,W_COT,H_COT,TF_COT,TF_COT,TW_COT
SECTYPE,2.BEAM,l,DAM
SECDATA,W_DAM,W_DAM,H_DAM,TF_DAM,TF_DAM,TW_DAM
!Xay d1,mg khung
K,1,0,H_TANG+H_DAM•1.5
K,2,0,2*H_TANG $K,3,0,3'H_TANG
$K,5,0,5*H_TANG
K,6,B_NHIP,H_TANG+H_DAM*1.5
K,7,B_NHIP,2*H_TANG $K,8,B_NHIP,3*H_TANG
K,9,B_NHIP,4*H_TANG $K,10,B_NHIP,5*H_TANG
K,11,B_NHIP+H_COT/2,H_TANG
K,12,2*B_NHIP $K,13,2*B_NHIP,H_TANG
K,14,2*B_NHIP,2"H_TANG
$K,15,2*B_NHIP,3*H_TANG
K,16,2*B_NHIP,4*H_TANG
$K,17,2*B_NHIP,5*H_TANG
K,100,-3,3
!Oil!m dinh hU'o-ng mi;lt ctilc(>t va dam
K,200,5,20
L,1,2
$L,2,3 $L,3,4
L,4,5
$L,6,7 $L,7,8
L,8,9
$L,9,10 $L,12,13
L,13,14
$L,14,15 $L,15,16
L,16,17
$L,2,7 $L,3,8
L,4,9
$L,5,10 $L,11,13
L,7,14
$L,8,15 $L,9,16
L,10,17
LSEL,S,LINE,,1,13,1
!Gan thu¢c tinh cho c9t
LATT,1,,2,,100,,1
$LSEL,ALL
LSEL,S,LINE.,14,22,1
!Gan thu¢c tinh cho dam
LATT,1,,2,,200,,2
$LSEL,ALL
LESIZE,ALL,0.3
$LMESH,ALL
ALLSEL
CPINTF,ALL,0.002
!Ket hqp d◊ h,1' do t,;ti be m t
/ESHAPE,1.0

25
 Mo hinh phfm tfr hfrn h?n k t du khung thep cho 6 hinh 8.7.
1n\"Y.r.r ANSYS
too Rlo.O

Hinh 8. 7. lvf6 hinh phfln tir hfru hqn kit ciiu khung hocm chinh
!Gan rang bu¢c chuy€m vj ce,t VO'i c¢t, d m VO'i cot
N1=NODE(0,H_TANG+H_DAM*1.5,0)
NUM=0
*DO,K,7801,7820,1
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K)
CE,NUM,0,K,UY,1,N1,UY,-1,N1,ROTZ,-DX
*ENDDO
*DO,K,7871,7890,1
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K)
CE,NUM,0,K,UY,1,N1,UY,-1,N1,ROTZ,-DX
*ENDDO
*DO,K,7821,7869,6
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K)
CE,NUM,0.K,UY,1,N1,UY,-1,N1,ROTZ,-DX
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K+1)
CE,NUM,0,K+1,UY,1,N1,UY.-1,N1,ROTZ,-DX
*ENDDO
NSEL,S,NODE,.N1
NSEL,A,NODE,.7821,7869,6
NSEL,A,NODE,,7822,7870,6
CP,NEXT,UX,ALL $NSEL,ALL
N6=NODE(B_NHIP,H_ TANG+H_DAM*1.5,0)
*0O,K,17801,17820,1
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K)-B_NHIP
CE,NUM,0,K,UY,1,N6,UY,-1,N6,ROTZ,-DX
*ENDDO
*DO.K,17871,17890,1
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K)-B_NHIP

2
CE,NUM,0,K,UY,1,N6,UY,-1,N6,ROTZ,-DX
*ENDDO
*00.K,17821,17869,6
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K)-B_NHIP
CE,NUM,0,K,UY,1,N6,UY,-1,N6,ROTZ,-DX
NUM=NUM+1 $DX=NX(K+1)-B_NHIP
CE,NUM,0,K+1,UY,1,N6,UY,-1,N6,ROTZ,-DX
*ENDDO
NSEL,S,NODE,.N6
NSEL,A,NODE,.17821,17869,6
NSEL,A,NODE,.17822,17870,6
CP,NEXT,UX,ALL $NSEL,ALL
N11=NODE(B_NHIP+H_COT/2,H_TANG,0)
*DO.I,16000,16100,100
*DO,J,81,90,1
NUM=NUM+1 $DY=NY(l+J)-H_TANG
CE,NUM,0,l+J,UX,1,N11,UX,-1,N11,ROTZ,DY
*ENDDO
*ENDDO
*DO.I,17100,17200,100
*DO,J,81,90,1
NUM=NUM+1 $DY=NY(l+J)-H_TANG
CE,NUM,0,l+J,UX,1,N11,UX,-1,N11,ROTZ,DY
"ENDDO
*ENDDO
NSEL,S,NODE,.N11
NSEL,A,NODE,,16285,17085,100
NSEL,A,NODE,.16286,17086,100
CP,NEXT,UY,ALL $NSEL,ALL $FINISH
!Tfnh toan
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
TREF,20 !Nhi t de) tham chieu cho tfnh toan bien dc;1ng nhi t
NSEL,S,LOC,Y , !Gan lien k t ngam t<;1i chan cot
0 D,ALL,ALL $NSEL,ALL
KSEL,U,KP,,100,200,100 !Khong chc;>n diem c6 ma 100 va 200
DK,ALL,UZ !Gan rang bu9c chuyfm vi th,jng theo phllO'ng Z
DK,ALL,ROTX !Gan rang bu9c g6c xoay theo t11,1c X
DK,ALL,ROTY !Gan rang bu¢c g6c xoay theo t11,1c Y
KSEL,ALL
FK,5,FY,-75500 !Gan h,J>c t;flp trung t i dTnh
FK,10,FY,-151000 $FK,17,FY,-75500
/PSF,PRES,NORM,2,0,1 !Hien th! vec ta ap 11,.f'C

25
 LSEL,S,LINE,,14,22,1 !Gan tai tr9ng phan b6 len cac d€1m
ESLL,R $SFBEAM,ALL,1,PRES,25400
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,NODE,.20084,30084,100
NSEL,A,NODE,,20085,30085,100
SF,ALL,PRES,25400fTW_DAM
ALLSEL
TIME,1 $DELTIM,0.2,1E-3,0.5
SOLVE
!Tfnh toan khung chiu tac d1,1ng cua tai trong
*DO.TM,60,180,60
TIME.TM
LDREAD,TEMP,,.TM.,,RTH
DELTIM.20.1,20
SOLVE
!Tfnh toan khung chiu tac d1,1ng cua nhi t d9 va tai tn;mg
"ENDDO
FINISH
/POST1
PLNSOL.U,Y
!Ph6 chuy n v! nut theo phU'O'ng Y
FINISH
K€t qua tinh toan chuyen vi klrnng khi chiu tac dvng cua tai tn;mg va khi chiu them nhi t
d9 t i thoi diJm 180s cho & hinh 8.8 va hinh 8.9.
/POST26
NSOL,2,25005,U,Y
!Chuy n vi UY t:;ii nut 25005 theo thoi gian
NSOL,3,20004,U,X
!Chuyen vj UX t i nut 20004 theo thoi gian
PLVAR,2,3
K t qua chuyJn vj t i gifra nhjp dfim theo phucmg dung UY (nut 25005) va t<;1i d§u dflm
theo phuang ngang UX (nut 20004) theo thoi gian cho a hinh 8.10.
ANSYS ANSVS
..... 15.0
RH.O
::l!i!=l :
UC,!v'li)
.>:!A"A.:-1
::lS S-0
i:lf rl· -l
!lltil=-.OHCll:

s - .:i:::7
u -.J -- 4

- n1 r·F1 - -11;::R - Yl::t:'.4:\ - n· ·cF

-.•H.:i:9:-t'§o -.o:56? ◄

-- Vi
.c1.,_c,.1:
J>;.uJ:,1 :I :ICK ?'.l:'.I c.u:- l!IX:'NC ni:z:c-r-H;.l..-C ::;;::co 1: =,.IJN:: C-J.:i. M• K•::>.)J:4"

2
Ifl11h 8.8. I'h6 chuy6n vi
Innh 8.9. Phd chuy8n vt khung
khung
khi chfu tac d1,mg cua tdi tr9ng
khi chfu tac d -mg Cll.Cl tai tr9ng
va nhift lit) tqi 180s

25
 ANSYS
l
l:'JST26
R16.0

v r.n

40 130 l:?O il.f.J 200

:20 60 100 HO 180
TIMI:

Ptt:.l, '.rIChi ¥.ET CAt· !K-'llJN3 TB.El' E'ffilliG CHIU T:.C DONG CUA !!Oil. .!IOUC

Hinh 8.10. Chuyin vj cu.a dcim theo tho·i gian

2
 TAI LitU THAM KHAO

[1] Vu Hoang Hung. ANSYS - Vi d(r. th tc d phan tich kit cdu cong trinh thuy l(Ji thuy
aifn.
Nhaxu t banXay di,mg, 2018.
[2] NguySn Xuan Bao, Ph?m H6ng Giang, Vfa Thanh Ilai, Nguy n Van L -- Phuong pluip
phi.in ltr hi'J;u h(Jn 1:.ng dl:f,ng !rung Linh loan cac Cung lrinh, l(ip 1. Nha xuAt ban N6ng
nghi p, 1983.
[3] Chu Qu6c Thiing. Phirong phap phdn tt'r hiru h(ln (Di'mg cho cao h9c aq,i h9c ky thu(lt).
Nha xu t banKhoa h9c va Ky thu?t, 1997.
[4] *
t7l3< ANsYS t TJ1f H jc:5ttfi·m;Wtlf m;. · -=fI ,:tiJtRtt,2005.
[5] -¥ I. ANSYS±7f';:lf J,;i.Rl ffL cp 7)'cfl]7KE:@.iHARt-L2007,
[6] ;pg - JntiJfZJB Fi ft:frtfrRAl'-lSYSffifJrJil. . cp i.t;tI \Iv1. -HJt!ft±, 2008.
[7] 411:.iliEzffi!Tif£ANsvs i9UJitfr. er1!17J(f1J7]'(i:tul:l &ttili tW., 200s.

[81 ·trm *, =E ¥=, =EF;IJj1t-.t-11!T t;t; AN s y s1=1 Ji7C½--t f r . mr r g *

x i l l i J \ 1:HAA1+,

2008.

26
 .
MU CLU C .

Trang

.Loi noi aJu................................................................................................... 3

Chuong 1. Khai quat v@ phuong phap phiin tir hii:u h:.m

trong tinh toan k t cAu xa)' d\fng
1.1. Gi6-i thi u phuong phap phfm tu: hiiu hi,in..........................................................................5
1.2. Trinh UJ giai bai toan theo plmm1g pbap pb n tu hfru b n................................................6
1.3. Ung d mg phuong phap ph n tu hC'ru h n...........................................................................10
1.4. Vu nhm)'c diJm cua phuong phap phin tu huu h.,in........................................................14

ChtrO'ng 2. Gi6'i thi u phiin mem ANSYS va each thfrc sir dy.ng
2.1. Vi t1i phfi.n m@m ANSYS trong trq giup tinh toan cong trlnh.......................................15
2.2. Cach thfrc sfr dvng ph n rn rn ANSYS............................................................................16

ChuO'ng 3. Phan tich k t d.u dlm lien t\lC

3.1. Phan tich k6t cju d m lien t tc theo phmmg phap PTI-IT-L..............................................25
3.2. Phfi.n tu dfrm tt·ong phfm mSm ANSYS...........................................................................34
3.3. Phan tich d§.m lien t\lC trong phin mem ANSYS..............................................................39

ChuO'ng 4. Phan tich k t ciu dim

4.1. Phan tfoh k6t cju dan phfulg theo phm.mg phap ph n tu hCru h n...................................48
4.2. Phan tich kSt cfiu dan khong gian theo phuang phap PTHH.......................................61
4.3. Ph§n nr tbanh dim trong ph§n m m ANSYS......................................................................69
4.4. Phan tich <lan phing b ng ph.1n m8m ANSYS..................................................................71
4.5. Phan tich dan khong gian bhg phin 111 111AN SYS.........................................................76
4.6. Phan tich t6i tm k6t du dan khong gian ung suAt trn·6c..................................................85
4.7. Phan tkh 6n dinh k€t du <lan mai vom khong gian.........................................................91

ChuO'ng 5. Phan tich k t c§u khung

5.1. Phan tich kSt ciu khung phing theo phuong phap PTHH.............................................97
5.2. Phan tich kSt du khung ph5.ng trong phfi.n m@m ANSYS.......................................·.1 l3
5.3. Phan tich k t dukhung khong gian trong ph n mem ANSYS..................................124
2
Chuong 6. Phan tich k t c§u trong nin
6.1. Xay dw1g mo hinh tinh toan ca l19c moi tnrang lien t:1.1c..........................................131
6.2. Phan ticb ma tr n d(> cung phfi.n tu.........................................................................· 137
6.3. Tinh toan k t du nha ga tau di n ng&m.............................................................. 157

Chuong 7. Phan ticb k t ciu ph§n tren nha cao ting

7.1. Phan tich k@t diu nha cao ting...........................................................................................178
7.2. Phan tich k t cftu nha cao tfing trong phin mSm ANSYS.............................................180

Chmmg 8. Phan tich k t ciu khung nha thcp

8.1. l\16 dfiu................................................................................................................... .·.1. 9·1
8.2. !(hung thep chiu tac di,mg ci1a hoa ho n........................................................................191

Tai li -Uthan1 khao.........................................................................................................................205

26
PHAN Tieu KET cA.u XAy DU. NG THEO PHUONG PHAP
.
PHA.N TU HUU HA N VA UNG DU. NG TRONG PHAN
MEM ANSYS
Lam Thanh Quang Khai, Vii Hoang HU11g

NHA XUAT BAN XAY Dt,l'NG

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