KGZI\GN ZCNHGFSKSGN ZGHG Ny. K

D 7 Z :  G :  HCNDGN F@ZC\CECQ@Q D\G]@HG\SE
H` \ugnd Gnddrco @@ \QSH QICTIN
QICTINHI
HI ZGX@
(E`nddu oc-7 Egtcrn`tgs)

H`sus

H`susun Ikcf2
 Ngeg 2 Kc`kg Gnddry Crv`gng
 N@E 2 6<:<7:8::33
6<:<7:8::33

Zrih` 2 Zcnh`h`ogn Zrimcs` Ncrs

Mgouktgs @keu Ocscfgtgn

SN@]C\Q@XGQ ESFGEEGH@PGF OSHSQ

Xgfun Zckgbgrgn <:<7[<:<<
 

G. ZCND
ZCNDC\
C\X@
X@GN
GN

 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue ghgkgf eugk hgn euntgf lcrkcl`fgn ygnd tcrbgh` 

tcrbgh`   pghg
pghg
wgn`tg fge`k scf`nddg
scf`nddg ecnyclglog
ecnyclglogn
n tcrbgh`nyg
tcrbgh`nyg oct`hgosc`e
oct`hgosc`elgndg
lgndgn
n oghgr ckcotrik`t,
ckcotrik`t,
 pcnurungn lcrgt lghgn (kcl`f hgr` 3% lcrgt lghgn gwgk), hcf`hrgs`, octis`s, hgn
oc
ocou
ourg
rgnd
ndgn
gn nu
nutr`
tr`s`
s`.. Fgk
Fgk tcrsc
tcrsclu
lutt eukg
eukg`` tc
tcrb
rbgh
gh`` pg
pghg
hg e`nd
e`nddu
du oc
occe
cepg
pgtt sgepg
sgepg``

ocscpukuf ocfge`kgn hgn sckgnbutnyg gogn ecelg`o ueuenyg pghg us`g ocfge`kgn
<: e`nddu, ngeun pghg lclcrgpg ogsus hgpgt tcrus lcrkgnbut sgepg` pghg ocfge`kgn
tgfgp lcr`outnyg (Qgputr`, <:74).
L. OKGQ
OKGQ@M
@M@O
@OGQ
GQ@@
Ecnuru
Ecnurutt Tgfyun
Tgfyun`` (<:76)
(<:76),, okgs`m`
okgs`m`ogs
ogs`` hgr`
hgr`  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue 
Drgv`hgrue  ghgkgf
sclgdg` lcr`out 2
7) X`n
`nd
dogtgn
gtgn @
Euntgf tcrus ecncrus ygnd ecepcndgruf` ocghggn ueue.pghg t`ndogtgn `n` ok`cn
ecrgsg kcegf, ngmsu egogn t`hgo ghg, lcrgt lghgn ecnurun hgn ecrgsg nycr` pghg

cp
cp`d
`dgs
gstr`
tr`ue
ue.. Ngh`
Ngh` ecn`
ecn`nd
ndog
ogtt sco`t
sco`tgr
gr 7:
7::
: og
ogk`
k` pc
pcrr ecn`
ecn`t,
t, tcogn
tcogngn
gn hg
hgrg
rgf
f s`sti
s`stikk
ecnurun, hgpgt h`scrtg` pcn`ndogtgn sufu tuluf, turdir ouk`t lcrourgnd, k`hgf ocr`nd
hgn egtg acound.
<) X`ndo
`ndogt
gtgn
gn @@
Zcnhcr`tg tgepgo kcl`f kcegf hgn gpgt`s, turdir ouk`t tgepgo kcl`f ecnurun, k`hgf
ocr`nd hgn tgepgo oitir, ngh` oca`k hgn acpgt, tcogngn hgrgf turun, sufu oghgnd-
oghgnd ng`o, egtg acound hgn sch`o`t `otcrus, lcrgt lghgn turun, fceioinscntrgs`,
ik`d
ik`diu
iur`g
r`g,, hg
hgn
n oi
oins
nst`
t`pg
pgs`.
s`. Gscti
Gsctin
n hg
hgpg
pgtt tcra`
tcra`ue
ue hg
hgr`
r` fg
fgwg
wg pc
pcrn
rngp
gpgsg
gsgn
n og
ogrcn
rcngg
ecepunyg` grieg ygnd ofgs, hgn hgpgt pukg h`tceuogn hgkge ur`nc.

1) X`n
`nd
dogtgn
gtgn @@@
@@@
Ocghggn
Ocghggn ueue
ueue kcl`f
kcl`f pgrgf,
pgrgf, euntgf
euntgf lcrfcn
lcrfcnt`,
t`, ocsghg
ocsghgrgn
rgn ecnuru
ecnurun
n hgn sieni
sienikcn
kcn
sgepg` oieg, ngh` oca`k hgn acpgt, tcogngn hgrgf ecnurun, scrtg sufu ecn`ndogt.
Oiep
Oiepk`
k`og
ogs`
s` mgtgk
mgtgk tcrb
tcrbgh
gh`` pg
pghg
hg susu
susung
ngn
n sgrgm
sgrgm yg
ygnd
nd h`
h`oc
ocng
ngkk sc
sclg
lgdg
dg`` wcrn
wcrn`ao
`aocc
cnscmgk
cnscmgkipg
ipgt`.
t`. Dcbgkg
Dcbgkg ygnd
ygnd hgpgt
hgpgt t`eluk
t`eluk scpcrt`
scpcrt` n`s
n`stgd
tgdeus
eus,, h`pkip
h`pkip`g.
`g. Ocghgg
Ocghggn
n `n`
ghgkgf
ghgkgf go`lgt
go`lgt sgndgt
sgndgt ocourg
ocourgnd
ndgn
gn zgt egogng
egogngn,
n, tcregsu
tcregsuo
o v`tge`
v`tge`n
n L oiepkc
oiepkcos.
os.
X`eluknyg `otcrus ecnunbuoogn tcrbgh`nyg pgygf fgt`.
 

A. CX@IKID@
Ecnuru
Ecnurutt Qgputr
Qgputr`` (<:74)
(<:74),, ct`
ct`iki
ikid`
d` hgr`
hgr`  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue 
Drgv`hgrue  ghgkgf sclgdg`
 lcr`out 2
7) Qcr`nd
Qcr`nd tcrbgh`
tcrbgh` pghg
pghg pr`e`d
pr`e`drgv
rgv`hg
`hg,, eikg
eikg f`hgt`h
f`hgt`hisg
isg,, h`glct
h`glctcs
cs hgn ocfge`kg
ocfge`kgn
n
dgnhg go`lgt pcn`ndogtgn oghgr FAD.

<) Mgotir
Mgotir irdgn`o,
irdgn`o, ogrcng
ogrcng egsuonyg
egsuonyg v`k` ofir`gkcs
ofir`gkcs hgkge
hgkge s`roukgs`
s`roukgs` egtcrngk
egtcrngk hgn
 pcrulgfgn ectglik`a
1) Mgotir
Mgotir ps`oikid`o
ps`oikid`o 2 ocrcogtgn
ocrcogtgn ruegf
ruegf tgnddg,
tgnddg, ocf`kgn
ocf`kgndgn
dgn pcocrbggn,
pcocrbggn, rgsg tgout
tgout
tcrfghgp ocfge`kgn hgn pcrsgk`ngn, tgout ece`ouk tgnddund bgwgl, hgn kg`n
sclgdg`nyg.
8) Mgotir
Mgotir cnhior`n
cnhior`n kg`nnyg
kg`nnyg 2 f`pcrt`ri`h,
f`pcrt`ri`h, h`glctcs
h`glctcs,, hgn kg`n sclgdg`ny
sclgdg`nyg.
g.
Qc
Qchg
hgnd
ndog
ogn
n ecnu
ecnuru
rutt Qc
Qcpt
pt`g
`gn`
n` (<
(<:7
:76)
6),, ct
ct`i
`iki
kid`
d` hg
hgr`
r`  F`pcrcecs`s
Drgv`hgrue ghgkgf
Drgv`hgrue ghgkgf sclgdg` lcr`out 2

g. Mg
Mgot
otir
ir Zrc
Zrch`
h`sp
spis
is`s
`s``
Mgotir prch`spis`s` yg`tu pr`e`drgv`hg, eikg f`hgt`hisg hgn ocfge`kgn dgnhg.
Zghg wgn`tg pr`e`drgv`hg, sclgd`gn oca`k lckue egepu lcrghgptgs` hcndgn
firein. Zr`e`drgv`hg ece`k`o` oghgr cstridcn ygnd kcl`f t`ndd` h`lgnh`ndogn
eukt`drgv`h
eukt`drgv`hg.
g. @lu pr`e`drgv`h
pr`e`drgv`hgg lckue hgpgt lcrghgptgs`
lcrghgptgs` hcndgn
hcndgn pcn`ndogtgn
pcn`ndogtgn
FAD hgn firein cstridcn , lgfwg firein cstridcn hgpgt ecnyclglogn
 pcn`ndogtgn scns`t`v`tgs ikmgatir`us (pcna`uegn) tcrfghgp grieg gtgu lgu
ygnd t`hgo cngo ygnd hgpgt ecrgndsgnd eugk hgn euntgf.ocfge`kgn ygnd
 pcrtgeg budg ecrupgogn pcndgkgegn lgru lgd` `lu fge`k h`egng `lu lckue

s`gp scagrg ecntgk ecndfghgp` ocfge`kgn hgn pcrsgk`ngn.

 l. Mgotir Ss`g
Mgot
Mgotir
ir us
us`g
`g `lu
`lu yg
ygnd
nd ecep
ecepcn
cndg
dgru
ruf`
f` tc
tcrb
rbgh
gh`n
`nyg
yg  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue
ece`k`o` fulundgn ygnd lcregong hcndgn ocbgh`gn F`pcrcecs`s
ocbgh`gn F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue
h`lgnh`ndogn hcndgn us`g `lu <:-13 tgfun. Ss`g `lu ; <: tgfun hgn > 13
tgfun kcl`f
kcl`f lcr`s`oi tcrfghgp
tcrfghgp ocbgh`gn  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue.
Drgv`hgrue. Seur `lu
ecepunyg` pcndgruf ygnd crgt hcndgn pcrocelgndgn gkgt rcprihuos`. Fgk `n`
 lcrog`tgn hcndgn ocghggn m`s`onyg hgr` irdgn tuluf `lu h` hgkge ecncr`eg
ocfgh`
ocfgh`rgn
rgn hgn ecnhuo
ecnhuoun
und
d pcroce
pcrocelgn
lgndgn
dgn bgn`n.
bgn`n.  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue

ygnd tcrbgh` h`gtgsueur 13 tgfun budg t`hgo kcpgs hgr` mgotir ps`oikid`s ygnd
h`sclglogn ikcf ogrcng `lu lckue s`gp fge`k gtgu egkgf t`hgo ecnd`nd`nogn
 

ocf
ocfge
ge`k
`kgn
gnny
nygg kgd`
kgd` sc
scf`
f`n
ndd
ddgg gogn
gogn ecr
crgs
gsgg strc
strcss
ss pgh
ghgg `l
`lu.
u. Qtrcs
trcsss
ecepcndgruf` f`pitgkgeus hgn ecelcr` rgndsgndgn pghg pusgt euntgf itgo 
scf`nddg tcrbgh` ointrgos` itit glhie`ngk hgn itit hghg ygnd h`scrtg` hcndgn
 pcnurungn h`gmrgdeg ecnyclglogn t`ndd`nyg tcogngn hgkge kgelund,
tcogngn ygnd t`ndd` hgkge kgelund ecegosg `lu untuo ecngr`o ngmgs hgkge

scf`nddg ecelugt sm`ndtcr csipfgdus lgd`gn gtgs tcrluog hgn sp`ndtcr lgd`gn
 lgwgf lcrckgosgs` `n`kgf ygnd ece`au eugk hgn euntgf
a. Mgo
Mgotir
tir Ird
Irdgn
gn`o 
`o 
Mgotir irdgn`o yg`tu gkcrd`, egsuonyg v`k` ofir`gk`s hgkge s`roukgs`, pcrulgfgn
ectglik`o go`lgt fge`k hgn rctcns` `lu ygnd ecnurun. Egsuonyg v`k` ofircgk`s
oc hgkge s`roukgs` `ntcrngk hgn pcrulgfgn ectglik`o go`lgt ocfge`kgn scrtg
rcs`stcns` ygnd ecnurun hgr` p`fgo `lu tcrfghgp pcrulgfgn-pcrulgfgn `n` scrtg
ghgnyg gkcrd`, yg`tu ecrupgogn sgkgf sgtu rcspins hgr` bgr`ndgn `lu tcrfghgp
 bgn`n.

h. Mg
Mgot
otir
ir Zs`
Zs`oi
oiki
kid`
d`ss
Mgotir
Mgotir ps`oik
ps`oikid`
id`ss hcndgn
hcndgn ocbgh`gn
ocbgh`gn  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue 
Drgv`hgrue  lckue
lckue bck
bckgs.
gs.
Lcsgr oceundo`ngn lgfwg wgn`tg ecnikgo fge`k, tgout ocf`kgndgn pcocrbggn,
ocrctg
ocrctgogn
ogn fulund
fulundgn
gn hcndgn
hcndgn suge`,
suge`, h`hudg
h`hudg hgpgt
hgpgt ecnbgh
ecnbgh`` mgotir
mgotir ocbgh`
ocbgh`gn
gn
Drgv`hgrue . Hcndgn pcrulgfgn sugsgng hgn egsuo ruegf sgo`t,
 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue.
 pcnhcr`tggnnyg hgpgt lcrourgnd sgepg` ecndf`kgnd. Qcdcrg sctckgf oinscps`
og
oghg
hgrr fi
fire
rein
in cs
cstri
tridc
dcn
n hg
hgn
n pr
prid
idcst
cstcri
crinc
nc go
gogn
gn ecn`
ecn`nd
ndog
ogtt hg
hgn
n `n
`n`` go
gogn
gn
ecnyclglogn t`eluknyg eugk hgn euntgf pghg pgd` fgr`, kcegf, kckgf hgn
ecnyclglo
ecnyclglogn
gn ecelcsgrnyg
ecelcsgrnyg pgyuhgrg. Zghg tr`ecstcr
tr`ecstcr pcrtgeg
pcrtgeg scirgnd
scirgnd `lu

gogn sckgku
gogn sckgku ecnagr
ecnagr`` tgnhg-
tgnhg-tgn
tgnhg
hg un
untuo
tuo kcl`f
kcl`f ecygo`
ecygo`nog
nogn
n lgfwg
lgfwg h`r`ny
h`r`nygg
ecegnd
ece gnd fge`k.
fge`k. Qct`gp
Qct`gp pcrulg
pcrulgfgn
fgn ygnd
ygnd tcrbgh
tcrbgh`` pghg
pghg tulufn
tulufnyg
yg gogn
gogn sckgku
sckgku
h`pc
h`pcrf
rfgt
gt`o
`ogn
gn hc
hcnd
ndgn
gn sc
scos
osge
geg,
g, og
ogrc
rcng
ng pc
pcru
rutn
tnyg
yg egs`f
egs`f oc
oca`k
a`k,, pc
pcnd
ndcrt
crt`g
`gn
n
ocfge`kgn ecrupgogn rgfgs`g scirgnd `lu ygnd eundo`n h`lcr`tgfuognnyg
 pghg irgnd kg`n gtgu h`rgfgs`gognnyg. Oinmk`o ecntgk ygnd ecelugt `lu
ourgnd
ourgnd ngmsu
ngmsu egogn,
egogn, fgk `n` ecndgo
ecndgo`lg
`lgtogn
togn `r`tgs`
`r`tgs` kgelu
kgelund
nd ygnd
ygnd hgpgt
hgpgt
ecelcr` rcgos` pghg `epuks eitir`o untuo ecelcr` rgndsgndgn pghg pusgt
euntgf eckgku` sgrgm itgo ocsgkurgn acrng lgd`gn gtgs hgn ecegku` sgrgm 
sp`ngk
sp`ngk oc h`gdmr
h`gdmrgde
gdegg hgn itit
itit glhiec
glhiecn
n scf`nd
scf`nddg
dg tcrbgh
tcrbgh`` euntgf
euntgf.. Qtrcss
Qtrcss

ecepcndgruf` f`pitgkgeus hgn ecelcr` rgndsgndgn pghg pusgt euntgf itgo 

scf`nddg tcrbgh` ointrgos` itit glhie`ngk hgn itit hghg ygnd h`scrtg` hcndgn
 

 pcnurungn h`gdmrgdeg ecnyclglogn t`ndd`nyg tcogngn hgkge kgelund,

scf`nddg ecegosg `lu ecngr`o ngmgs hgkge-hgkge ecelugt sm`ndtcr lgd`gn
 lgwgf lcrckgosgs`, `n` kgf ygnd ece`au eugk hgn euntgf
c. Mgot
Mgotir
ir Ghg
Ghgpt
ptgs`
gs` hgn
hgn Fir
Firei
eing
ngkk
@lu fge`k ygnd ocourgndgn hgrgf kcl`f scr`n
r`nd tcr
crbbgh`  F`pcrcecs`s

Drgv`hgrue. Pgnd tcregsuo hgkge rugnd k`ndoup mgotir ghgptgs` ghgkgf `lu
Drgv`hgrue.
fg
fge`
e`kk yg
ygnd
nd gn
gnce
ce`g,
`g,wg
wgn`
n`tg
tg pr
pr`e
`e`d
`drgv
rgv`h
`hg,
g, hg
hgn
n iv
ivcr
crh`
h`st
stcn
cns`
s` rg
rgf`
f`e
e pg
pghg
hg
ocfge`kgn dgnhg hgn ocfge`kgn eikg f`hgt`hisg. Qclgd`gn oca`k pr`e`drgv`hg
 lckue egepu lcrghgptgs` tcrfghgp firein cstridcn hgn dinghitrip`n
o`rin`
o`rin`o,
o, schgnd
schgndogn
ogn pghg
pghg ocfge`
ocfge`kgn
kgn dgnhg
dgnhg hgn eikg
eikg f`hgt`
f`hgt`his
hisg,
g, buekgf
buekgf
fi
fire
rein
in yg
ygnd
nd h`oc
h`ocku
kugro
grogn
gn tcrk
tcrkgk
gku
u t`nd
t`ndd`
d` hg
hgn
n ecny
ecnycl
clgl
glog
ogn
n  F`pcrcecs`s
Drgv`hgrue.. Zcn`ndogtgn firein FAD ( Fuegn Afir`in`a Dinghitrip`n)
Drgv`hgrue
ygnd
ygnd lcrg
lcrgsg
sgkk hgr`
hgr` gr
gr`-
`-gr
gr`` hgpg
hgpgtt ecny
ecnycl
clgl
glog
ogn
n eugk
eugk hg
hgn
n eunt
euntgf
gf yg
ygnd
nd
 lcrkcl`fgn.

m. Mgo
Mgotir
tir Zco
cocr
crbg
bggn
gn
Mgotir
Mgotir pcocrb
pcocrbggn
ggn ygnd
ygnd ecepcn
ecepcndgr
dgruf`
uf` tcrbgh`
tcrbgh`nyg
nyg  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue.
Drgv`hgrue.
Zcocrbggn ghgkgf got`v`tgs ygnd h`kgouogn untuo ecnubgnd ocf`hupgnnyg hgn
ocf`hupgn
ocf`hupgn ockugrdgny
ockugrdgnyg,
g, h`uour
h`uour lcrhgsgrogn
lcrhgsgrogn bcn`s ocd`gtgn
ocd`gtgn ygnd h`kgouogn
h`kgouogn
scfgr`- fgr`. Zcocrbggn ece`k`o` fulundgn ygnd lcregong hcndgn ocbgh`gn
 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue.
Drgv`hgrue. @lu ygnd lcocrbg kcl`f lcsgr r`s`oinyg tcrfghgp
ocbg
ocbgh
h`gn
`gn  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue 
Drgv`hgrue  h`lgnh
h`lgnh`nd
`ndogn
ogn hcndgn
hcndgn `lu ygnd
ygnd t`hgo 
t`hgo 
 lcocrbg

H. EGN@QM
EGN@QMCQX
CQXGQ@
GQ@ OK@N@Q
OK@N@Q
Ecnuru
Ecnurutt Qygesu
Qygesuhh`
hh`n
n ct gk (<:76)
(<:76),, egn`mc
egn`mcstgs
stgs`` ok`n`s
ok`n`s utgeg
utgeg hgr`
hgr`  F`pcrcecs`s
Drg
Drgv`hg
v`hgru
rue
e ghgk
ghgkgf
gf eugk
eugk ygnd
ygnd lcrg
lcrgtt hgn
hgn tc
tcru
russ ecnc
ecncru
rus.
s. Zc
Zcnh
nhcr
cr`t
`tgg    l`gsgnyg
ecndgkge` pcnurungn lcrgt lghgn ogrcng t`hgo l`sg egogn gpgpun. Zcrgsggn pus`nd,
kcegs, lgfogn l`sg sgepg` p`ndsgn. ouk`t ocr`nd, l`l`r ocr`nd, ocr`ndgt h`nd`n hgn
sclgdg`
sclgdg`nyg
nyg.. Dcbgkg
Dcbgkg  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue 
Drgv`hgrue  scagrg ok`n`s hgpgt h`lgd` ecnbgh` 1
eck`put` 2
7) X`ndog
X`ndogtt 7 (\`ndgn)
(\`ndgn) hcndgn
hcndgn dcbgkg
dcbgkg eugk
eugk euntgf
euntgf tcrus
tcrus ecncru
ecncruss ecnycl
ecnyclglo
glogn
gn
 pcnhcr`tg kcegf, t`hgo egu egogn, lcrgt lghgn turunhgn nycr` cp`dgstr`ue

ngh` sco`tgr 7:: ogk` pcr ecn`t, tcogngn hgrgf ecnurun, turdir ouk`t ourgnd,
k`hgf ocr`nd hgn egtg acound.
 

<) X`ndogt
X`ndogt < (Qchgnd)
(Qchgnd) hcndgn
hcndgn dcbgkg eugk
eugk hgn euntgf
euntgf ygnd fclgt
fclgt ecnyclgl
ecnyclglogn
ogn
ocghggn ueue pcnhcr`tg kcl`f pgrgf, kcegf, gpgt`s, turdir ouk`t eukg` bckco,
k`hgf ocr`nd hgn oitir, ngh` oca`k hgn acpgt, sufu lghgn ng`o (hcf`hrgs`),
`otcru
`otcruss r`ndgn
r`ndgn,, lcrgt
lcrgt lgh
lghgn
gn turun,
turun, egtg
egtg acound
acound,, tcogng
tcogngn
n hgrgf
hgrgf ecnuru
ecnurun,
n,
fceioinscntrgs`, ik`dir`g hgn oinst`pgs`. Hgpgt budg tcrbgh` gsctinur`g hgn

hgr` ngmgs lcrlgu gsctin.

1) X`nd
X`ndog
ogtt 1 (Lcrg
(Lcrgt)
t) hc
hcnd
ndgn
gn dc
dcbgk
bgkgg oc
ocgh
ghggn
ggn ueue
ueue bc
bckco
kco,, oc
ocsgh
sghgr
grgn
gn sg
sgnd
ndgt
gt
ecnurun, sienikcn sgepg` oieg, ngh` oca`k, fgkus hgn acpgt, hcf`hrgs` fclgt,
sufu
sufu lghgn
lghgn ng`o,
ng`o, hgn tcns`
tcns` turun
turun scogk`,
scogk`, `otcru
`otcrus,
s, oiepk`
oiepk`ogs
ogs`` ygnd
ygnd hgpgt
hgpgt
 lcrgo`lgt mgtgk tcrbgh` pghg sususngn sgrgm pusgt (cnscpgkipgt` wcrn`aoc)
hcndgn ghgnyg n`dtgseus, h`pkip`g, pcrulgfgn ecntgk.
Qchgnd
Qchgndogn
ogn ecnuru
ecnurutt Tgfyun
Tgfyun`` (<:76)
(<:76),, egn`mc
egn`mcstgs
stgs`` ok`n`s
ok`n`s hgr`
hgr`  F`pcrcecs`s
Drgv`hgrue tcrlgd` gtgs t`dg t`ndogtgn h`gntgrnyg ghgkgf sclgdg` lcr`out 2

7)  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue X`ndogt @

 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue t`ndogt @ ece`k`o` tgnhg scpcrt` euntgf lcrkgndsund
kgeg, egogn lcrourgnd, lcrgt lghgn ecnurun, ouk`t hcf`hrgs`, tinus kcegf,
nycr` cp`dgstr`a, tcogngn hgrgf turun hgn ngh` ecn`ndogt, k`hgf ocr`nd, hgn
egtg acound.

<)  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue X`ndogt @@

 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue t`ndogt @@ ece`k`o` tgnhg scpcrt` ok`cn kcegf, dcbgkg
hcf`hrgs`
hcf`hrgs` kcl`f tgepgo
tgepgo 2 egtg acound, turdir ourgnd,
ourgnd, k`hgf ocr`nd hgn oitir,
tcogngn hgrgf turun, ngh` ecn`ndogt, lcrgt lghgn ego`n turu, egtg `otcrus,

dcbgkg fceioinscntrgs` 2 ur`n lcrourgnd, lghgn gsctin hgkge ur`nc ecn`ndogt,

dgnddugn lugnd g`r lcsgr, dgnddugn/pcnurungn t`ndogt ocsghgrgn 2 gpgt`s, hgn
ngpgs lgu gsctin

1)  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue X`ndogt @@@

 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue t`ndogt @@@ ece`k`o` tgnhg scpcrt` ocghggn ueue
 bckco, pcnurungn ocsghgrgn 2 sienikcn sgepg` oieg, ngh` oca`k, fgkus hgn
acpgt, tcogngn hgrgf turun, `otcrus, hgpgt tcrbgh` oiepk`ogs` pghg susungn
sygrgm pusgt (cnscmgkipgt` wcrn`aokc) hcndgn ghgnyg 2 n`stgdeus, h`pkil`g,
 pcrulgfgn ecntgk.
 

C. ZGXF
ZGXFIM
IM@Q
@Q@I
@IKI
KID@
D@
 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue tcrbgh` go`lgt rgsg eugk tcrbgh` go`lgt oghgr   costridcn
ygnd ecn`ndogt hgkge hgrgf scf`nddg ecepcndgruf` systce pcnacrnggn, tctgp` eugk
hgn euntgf ygnd tcrbgh` tcrus ecncrus hgpgt ecndgo`lgtogn hcf`hrgs`, f`pingtrce`g,
f`pi
f`piok
okir
irce
ce`g
`g,, scrtg
scrtg pc
pcnu
nuru
rung
ngn
n okir
okir`h
`hgg ur
ur`n
`n yg
ygnd
nd sckgn
sckgnbu
butn
tnyg
yg ecny
ecnycl
clgl
glog
ogn
n
fceio
fceioins
inscnt
cntrgs`
rgs` ygnd
ygnd ecndur
ecndurgnd
gnd`` pcrmus
pcrmus`` hgrgf
hgrgf oc bgr`nd
bgr`ndgn
gn hgn ecnycl
ecnyclglo
glogn
gn
tcrt`elunnyg zgt tios`o (Ousueg hgn Nurgr`m, <:73). F`pcrcecs`s
<:73).  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue hgpgt
ecnyclglogn aghgndgn ogrlif`hrgt fgl`s 
fgl`s   h`pgog` untuo ocpcrkugn cncrd`, scf`nddg
 pcelgogrgn tuluf lcrgk`f pghg aghgndgn kcego hgn pritc`n. Ogrcng pcelgogrgn
kcego
kcego ygnd
ygnd ourgnd
ourgnd scepurn
scepurngg egog
egog ecndgo
ecndgo`lg
`lgtog
togn
n tcrlcnt
tcrlcntuon
uonyg
yg lghgn
lghgn octin
octin
h`hg
h`hgkg
kge
e hgrg
hgrgf
f ygnd
ygnd hgpg
hgpgtt ecng
ecngel
elgf
gf lc
lcrg
rgtn
tnyg
yg dc
dcbg
bgkg
kg ok
ok`n
`n`o
`o.. Eunt
Euntgf
gf yg
ygnd
nd
h`ockugrogn
h`ockugrogn ikcf `lu ecndgnhun
ecndgnhund
d sclgd`gn
sclgd`gn ag`rgn kgelund,
kgelund, scrtg ckcotrik`t
ckcotrik`t ngtr`ue,
ngtr`ue,
ogk`ue hgn ogks`ue. Xcrbgh`nyg pcnurungn ogk`ue ecnyclglogn eugk hgn euntgf
`lu ecnbgh` kcl`f lcrgt ogrcng ourgndnyg ogk`ue hgkge ocsc`elgndgn tuluf. Euntgf
ygnd
ygnd lcrkcl
lcrkcl`fg
`fgn
n ecnycl
ecnyclglo
glogn
gn ag`rgn
ag`rgn tuluf
tuluf scego`
scego`n
n lcrour
lcrourgnd
gnd,, scf`nd
scf`nddg
dg hgrgf
hgrgf
ecnbgh`` ocntgk
ecnbgh ocntgk (fceioins
(fceioinscntrgs`
cntrgs`)) ygnd oceuh`gn ecep
ecepcrkgelg
crkgelgtt pcrchgrgn
pcrchgrgn hgrgf
scf`nddg oinsues` I< hgn egogngn ecnbgh` lcrourgnd. Ocourgndgn egogngn hgn I <
oc bgr`ndgn hgpgt ecn`elukogn ocrusgogn bgr`ndgn ygnd hgpgt ecngelgf lcrgtnyg
ocgg
ocgghg
hggn
gn bgn
bgn`n hgn bu
budg
dg `lu
`lu (Tgf
(Tgf`h
`h,, <:
<:74
74).
).  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue ygnd
ecrupgogn oiepk`ogs` eugk hgn euntgf pghg 
pghg  fge`k euhg tcrbgh` tcrus ecncrus hgpgt
ecny
ecnycl
clgl
glog
ogn
n hc
hcf`
f`hr
hrgs`
gs` hg
hgn
n t`hg
t`hgo
o sc`el
sc`elgn
gndn
dnyg
yg ck
ckco
cotr
trik
ik`t
`t hc
hcnd
ndgn
gn gk
gkog
ogki
kis`s
s`s
f`piokirce`o. Ogrcng ios`hgs` kcego ygnd t`hgo scepurng tcrbgh`kgf octis`s hcndgn
tcrt`elunnyg gsge gsctin ‑ gsct`o, gsge f`hrios` lut`r`o hgn gsctin hgkge hgrgf.
Ocou
Ocourg
rgnd
ndgn
gn viku
vikuec
ec ag`r
ag`rgn
gn ygnd
ygnd h`e`
h`e`nu
nue
e hg
hgn
n oc
ocf`
f`kg
kgnd
ndgn
gn og
ogrc
rcng
ng eunt
euntgf
gf
ecnyclglog
ecnyclglogn
n hcf`hrgs`
hcf`hrgs` scf`nddg
scf`nddg ag`rgn costrgsckukcr
costrgsckukcr hgn pkgseg lcrourgnd
lcrourgnd ygnd
ecn`el
ecn`eluko
ukogn
gn egsgkgf
egsgkgf ocpcrgw
ocpcrgwgtg
gtgn
n hcm`s`t
hcm`s`t vikue
vikuecc ag`rgn
ag`rgn hgkge
hgkge tuluf
tuluf (Qgput
(Qgputr`,
r`,
<:74).
 

M. ZGXFTGP
Zcn`ndogtgn Zcnurungn pcndisindgn
Cstcridcn kgelund

Mgotir Gkcrd` Mgotir Zrch`spis`s` Zcn`ndogtgn tcogngn dgstcr  

 pcnycsug`gn Cecs`s drgv`hgrue Oiepk`ogs`

Oct`hgosc`elgndgn Zcndckugrgn nutr`s`

nutr`s` ourgnd hgr`  lcrkcl`fgn   F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue
oclutufgn

@ntgoc nutr`s` ecnurun Ocf`kgndgn ag`rgn

Ag`rgn cotrgsckukcr & pkgseg Hcf`hrgs` Fceioinscntrgs`

Gk`rgn hgrgf oc Ag`rgn cotrgsckukcr & Gk`rgn hgrgf oc

 bgr`ndgn ecnurun  pkgseg  bgr`ndgn ecnurun

Zcnurungn ocsghgrgn Ocourgndgn Ectglik`sec

vikuec ag`rgn `ntrgsck ecnurun

\cs`oi oct`hgocmcot`mgn
pcrmus` bgr`ndgn itgo 
Itit kcegf

Ockcegfgn tuluf

@ntikcrgns`
F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue (Furgr`m & Ousueg, <:73) Got`v`tgs
 

D. ZCEC\@
ZCEC\@OQG
OQGGN
GN ZCNSN
ZCNSNBGN
BGND
D
Ecnurut \cny (<:74), pcecr`osggn pcnunbgnd ygnd hgpgt h`kgouogn pghg ok`cn
ygnd ecndgkge` F`pcrcecs`s
ecndgkge` F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue ghgkgf
Drgv`hgrue ghgkgf sclgdg` lcr`out 2
7) SQD (hcndg
(hcndgn
n ecnddung
ecnddungogn
ogn wgotu
wgotu ygnd tcpgt)
tcpgt) 2 ecndogb`
ecndogb` us`g dcstgs`
dcstgs` bgn`n hgn
ghgnyg dcstgs` eukt`pkc, ecnhctcos` glniregk`tgs bgn`n, eckiogk`sgs` pkgscntg.
<) Sr`ngk
Sr`ngk`s
`s 2 ouktur,
ouktur, ecnhc
ecnhctco
tcos`
s` lgotcr`
lgotcr`,, LSN
1) Zcecr`osggn
Zcecr`osggn munds`
munds` fcpgr
fcpgr 2 GQX.GKX lcrtubu
lcrtubugn
gn untuo ecndct
ecndctgfu`
gfu` `nmkgegs`
`nmkgegs` ygnd
tcrbgh` hgkge tuluf l`gsgnyg ecnbgh` `nh`ogs` ghgnyg dgnddugn (`nmkgegs`) pghg
fgt` hgn oghgr KHF lcrtubugn untuo ecndctgfu` rcs`oi pcnygo`t fgt`.

F. ZCNGXG
ZCNGXGKGO
KGOQGN
QGNGGN
GGN ECH@Q
ECH@Q
@. ZCNG
ZCNGXG
XGKG
KGOQ
OQGN
GNGG
GGN
N OCZC\
OCZC\GT
GTGX
GXGN
GN
7. ZCNDOGB@GN
Ecnurut Tgfyun` (<:76), pcndogb`gn ecrupgogn pcnhcogtgn ygnd s`stcegt`s
untuo
untuo ecndue
ecnduepuk
pukogn
ogn hgtg,
hgtg, ecndck
ecndckiep
iepioo
ioogn,
gn, hgn ecndgn
ecndgngk`
gk`s`s,
s`s, scf`nd
scf`nddg
dg
h`hgpgtogn egsgkgf hgn oclutufgn untuo pcrgwgtgn `lu. Xubugn utgeg pcndogb`gn
ghgkgf
ghgkgf untuo
untuo ecelcr
ecelcr`og
`ogn
n dgelgr
dgelgrgn
gn scagrg
scagrg tcrus-e
tcrus-ecnc
cncrus
rus ecndcn
ecndcng`
g` ocghgg
ocghggn
n
ocscfgtgn `lu ygnd eceundo`nogn pcrgwgt ecrcnagngogn gsufgn ocpcrgwgtgn.
Zcndogb`gn ocpcrwgtgn tcrsclut, scpcrt` 2
7) @hcn
@hcnt`
t`tg
tgss Ok`
Ok`cn
cn
Hgtg
Hgtg `n`
`n` eck`
eck`pu
put`
t`22 ngeg
ngeg ok`c
ok`cn
n hgn
hgn su
suge
ge`,
`, us
us`g
`g,, su
suou
ou lgnd
lgndsg
sg,, gd
gdge
geg,
g,
 pcnh`h`ogn tcrgof`r, pcocrbggn hgn pcndfgs`kgn scrtg gkgegt. Ss`g, <: tgfun
hgn > 13 tgfun kcl`f
kcl`f lcr`s`
lcr`s`oi
oi tcrfghgp
tcrfghgp ocbgh`
ocbgh`gn
gn  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue.
Drgv`hgrue.
Zcocrbg
Zcocrbggn,
gn, `lu ygnd lcocrb
lcocrbgg kcl`f
kcl`f lcr`s`o
lcr`s`oi
i tcrfgh
tcrfghgp
gp ocbgh`
ocbgh`gn
gn  F`pcrcecs`s
Drgv`hgrue.. Zcnh`h`ogn, ecepunyg` pcndgruf hgkge lcrpcr`kgou ocscfgtgn
Drgv`hgrue
(e`sgknyg pcecr`osggn ocscfgtgn lgd` `lu fge`k.

<) \`wgyg
\`wgygtt Zcnygo
Zcnygo`t
`t Qcogrg
Qcogrgnd
nd
Zghg r`wgygt ocscfgtgn scogrgnd tcrhgpgt ockufgn ygnd h`rgsgogn ikcf `lu
scsug` hcndgn
hcndgn dcbgkg-dcbgkg
dcbgkg-dcbgkg pghg  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue,
Drgv`hgrue, yg`tu2 eugk hgn
euntgf ygnd tcrus-ecncrus, ecrgsg kcegf hgn ockckgfgn, ecrgsg fgus hgn
tcrgsg
tcrgsg gsge
gsge h` eukut,
eukut, scrtg
scrtg oint`p
oint`pgs`
gs` hgn hcege.
hcege. Qckgnb
Qckgnbutn
utnyg
yg hgpgt
hgpgt budg
budg
 

h`tceuogn lcrgt lghgn ygnd ecnurun. Xurdir ouk`t ygnd luruo hgn dgnddugn
ckcotrik`t. Xcrbgh`nyg ik`dur`g, tgo`ogrh`g, egtg acound, hgn `otcrus.

1) \`
\`wg
wgyg
ygtt Ocscf
Ocscfgt
gtgn
gn Hgfu
Hgfuku
ku
Oceundo`n
Oceundo`ngn
gn `lu pcrngf ecndgkge`
ecndgkge`  F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue 
Drgv`hgrue  sclckuenyg,
oceund
oceundo`n
o`ngn
gn `lu pcrngf
pcrngf ecndgk
ecndgkge`
ge` pcnygo
pcnygo`t
`t ygnd
ygnd lcrful
lcrfulund
undgn
gn hcndgn
hcndgn
sgkurgn pcnacrnggn ygnd ecnyclglogn eugk euntgf.

8) \`wgyg
\`wgygtt Ocsc
Ocscfgt
fgtgn
gn Ockugr
Ockugrdg
dg
Oceundo`ngn ghgnyg r`wgygt ocfge`kgn dgnhg pghg ockugrdg

3) \`
\`wg
wgyg
ygtt Ecns
Ecnstr
trug
ugs`
s`
Oceundo`ngn ecngrafc us`g 7<-78 tgfun, s`okus <6-1: fgr`, kgegnyg 3-4 fgr`,
 lgnygonyg <-1 ogk` dgnt` huo/fgr`, hgn oceundo`ngn ghg ockufgn wgotu fg`h
scpcrt` nycr`, sgo`t ocpgkg, hgn euntgf.

=) \`
\`wg
wgyg
ygtt Zcro
Zcrogw
gw`n
`ngn
gn
Oceundo`ngn tcrbgh` pghg pcrogw`ngn us`g euhg

4) \`wgyg
\`wgygtt Ocfge`
Ocfge`kgn
kgn hgn
hgn Zcrs
Zcrsgk`n
gk`ngn
gn
(g) Fge`k euhg
euhg 2 `lu pus`nd,
pus`nd, eugk hgn euntgf,
euntgf, scrtg t`hgo
t`hgo ghg ngmsu egogn.
egogn.
(l)
(l) Fge`
Fge`kk tu
tugg 2 pc
pcec
ecr`
r`os
osgg
ggn
n ueue
ueue tc
tcrf
rfgh
ghgp
gp `l
`lu
u ecnd
ecndcn
cng`
g` lc
lcrg
rgtt lg
lghg
hgn,
n,
tcogngn hgrgf, hgn t`ndogt ocsghgrgn. 6)
6) \`wgyg
\`wgygtt Ocku
Ockugrd
grdgg Lcrcn
Lcrcnagn
agngg
Zcnddunggn
Zcnddunggn ointrgscps`
ointrgscps` fireingk
fireingk h`hudg
h`hudg ecepcndgru
ecepcndgruf`
f` tcrbgh`nyg
tcrbgh`nyg eugk
euntgf ygnd hgpgt ecepcndgruf` pcnycrgpgn eugk hgn euntgf scf`nddg
hgpgt ecepcrpgrgf eugk hgn euntgf

0) \`
\`wg
wgyg
ygtt Zs
Zs`o
`oik
ikid
id``
\`wgygt ps`oikid` sgndgt pcnt`nd h`ogb` gdgr hgpgt h`octgfu` ocghggn b`wg `lu
scfulundgn hcndgn pcr`kgou tcrfghgp ocfge`kgn. Ocghggn b`wg `lu ygnd kgl`k,
euhgf
euhgf egrgf,
egrgf, acegs,
acegs, tgout
tgout gogn
gogn ocdgdg
ocdgdgkgn
kgn pcrsgk`
pcrsgk`ngn
ngn,, euhgf
euhgf ecngnd
ecngnd`s,
`s,
sch`
sch`f,
f, sc
scrt
rtgg ococ
ococac
acwg
wggn
gn hgpg
hgpgtt ecep
ecepcr
crlc
lcrg
rgtt eugk
eugk hg
hgn
n eunt
euntgf
gf.. Zikg
Zikg
 pcrtgfgngn h`r` oip`nd ygnd h`dungogn `lu lcrdgntund pghg pcndgkgegnnyg
tcrfghgp ocfge`kgn scrtg huoundgn hg`r ockugrdg hgn pcrgwgt.

7:) Zgr`tg
Zgr`tgss
 

Zgr`tgss lgnygo
Zgr`tg lgnygo (kcl`f hgr` 8) ecepunyg`
ecepunyg` r`s`oi t`ndd`
t`ndd` tcrbgh`nyg
tcrbgh`nyg F`pcrcecs`s
 F`pcrcecs`s
Drgv`hgrue

77) \`wgygt
\`wgygt Qis`gk Coinie`
 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue l`sg
Drgv`hgrue  l`sg tcrbgh` pghg sceug dikindgn coinie`, ngeue
 pghg ueuenyg tcrbgh` pghg t`ndogt coinie` ecncndgf oc lgwgf. Fgk `n`
h`pcro`rgogn h`pcndgruf` ikcf t`ndogt pcndctgfugn ygnd h`e`k`o`

7<) Zikg Munds`

Munds` Ocscfgtgn
(g) Egog
Egogn
n 2 Mr
Mrco
couc
ucns
ns`,
`, bcn`s
bcn`s egog
egogng
ngn,
n, bu
buek
ekgf
gf,, pg
pgnt
ntgn
gndg
dgn,
n, hg
hgn
n egog
egogng
ngn
n
ocsuoggn.
(l) E`nue 2 Mrcoucns`, lgnygonyg,
lgnygonyg, bcn`s e`nuegn,
e`nuegn, hgn e`nuegn
e`nuegn ocsuoggn.
(a) @st`rgfgt
@st`rgfgt 2 Q`gnd,
Q`gnd, egkge,
egkge, hgn ockufgn
ockufgn
(h) Zcrsingk
Zcrsingk fyd`cn`c
fyd`cn`c 2 Egnh`, s`ogt d`d`, dgnt`
dgnt` lgbu, dgnt` ackgng
ackgng hgkge hgn
 lrg, pitind ouou,
ouou, hgn ocrgegs.

(c) Got`v`tgs2
Got`v`tgs2 H`tcepg
H`tcepgtt hgn h`ruegf
h`ruegf
(m) Fulundgn
Fulundgn Qcosugk2
Qcosugk2 Mrcoucns`
Mrcoucns` hgn
hgn ockufgn
ockufgn
71) Zcecr`osggn
Zcecr`osggn M`s`o 
(g) Ocghggn
Ocghggn Seue 2 Sntuo ecndctgf
ecndctgfu`
u` ocghggn `lu gpgogf
gpgogf lg`o,
lg`o, auoup gtgu
ourgnd untuo ecndctgfu` t`ndogtgn F`pcrcecs`s
t`ndogtgn F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue.
Drgv`hgrue.
(l) Xgnhg-Xgnh
Xgnhg-Xgnhgg ]`tgk 2 Zghg
Zghg ogsus
ogsus F`pcrcecs`s
 F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue ngh`
Drgv`hgrue ngh` acpgt, sufu
ecn`ndogt tcogngn hgrgf rcnhgf
(a) Zcrngpgsgn
Zcrngpgsgn Mrcoucns`
Mrcoucns` pcrngpgsgn
pcrngpgsgn ecn`ndog
ecn`ndogtt
(h) Qtgtus f`hrgs` eck`put`
eck`put` turdir ouk`t,
ouk`t, ocghggn ecelrgn
ecelrgn euoisg (ocr`nd gtgu

kcelgl), hgn ik`dur`g

(c) Qtgtus
Qtgtus ogrh`ivgsoukcr
ogrh`ivgsoukcr scpcrt`
scpcrt` ougk`tgs ngh` (ougt gtgu kcegf),
kcegf), tgo`ogrh`g,
tgo`ogrh`g,
gtgu tcrbgh`nyg f`pitcns` irtistgt`o 
(m) Ocgh
Ocghggn
ggn gl
glhi
hiec
ecn
n yg
ygnd
nd eck`
eck`pu
put`
t` sugr
sugrgg gl
glhi
hiec
ecn
n (l
(l`g
`gsgn
sgnyg
yg f`
f`pi
pigo
got`
t`m 
m 
ecrupgogn ocghggn niregk hgkge ocfge`kgn), ghgnyg nycr` kcpgs gtgu
nycr` tcogn, ghgnyg h`stcns`, ghgnyg fcpgtispkcniecdgk`, hgn tgnhg
Eurpfy hgn tgnhg Ea.Lurncy‐s.

(d) Dcn`tiur`ngr`g Qcpcrt` nycr` oistivcrtclrgk

oistivcrtclrgk hgn nycr` suprgpul`o 
suprgpul`o 
(f)
(f) Ck`e
Ck`e`n
`ngs`
gs` Qcpc
Qcpcrt
rt`` pc
pcru
rulg
lgfg
fgn
n pg
pghg
hg oi
oins
ns`s
`stc
tcns
ns`` mc
mcacs
acs,, oi
oins
nst`
t`pg
pgs`,
s`, hg
hgn
n
 pcnurungn mrcoucns` lcroce`f
 

(`) Qcosug
Qcosugk`t
k`tgs
gs Zcndfc
Zcndfcnt`
nt`gn
gn ecnstru
ecnstrugs`
gs`,, l`kg
l`kg ocghgg
ocghggn
n `lu ecelgfgy
ecelgfgygog
gogn
n
egog h`kgouogn glirtus tcrgpcut`o 
(b) Got`v
Got`v`tgs
`tgs `st`rgfgt
`st`rgfgt @st`gfgt
@st`gfgt ourgnd, tcrbgh`
tcrbgh` ockcegfgn
ockcegfgn tcogngn
tcogngn hgrgf
hgrgf s`stik
ecnurun, hgn hcnyut ngh` ecn`ndogt (>7:: ogk` pcr ecn`t)
(o) Ocgegngn
Ocgegngn Qufu oghgnd
oghgnd ng`o, lghgn kcegf, `otcrus,
`otcrus, hgn hgpgt bgtuf hgkge

oieg
(k) Ocghgg
Ocghggn
n bgn`n
bgn`n ygnd
ygnd eck`pu
eck`put`
t` pcecr`o
pcecr`osggn
sggn hcnyut
hcnyut bgntun
bgntund
d bgn`n,
bgn`n, t`ndd`
t`ndd`
mu
munh
nhus
us utcr
utcrus
us,, hg
hgn
n pc
pcro
roce
celg
lgnd
ndgn
gn bg
bgn`
n`n
n (g
(gpg
pgog
ogf
f scsug
scsug`` hc
hcnd
ndgn
gn us
us`g
`g
ocfge`kgn)
78) Zcecr`osggn
Zcecr`osggn Zcnunbgnd
Hgtg pcnunbgnd h`hgpgt hgr` fgs`k kglirgtir`ue,
kglirgtir`ue, yg`tu pcecr`osggn
pcecr`osggn hgrgf hgn
ur`n
ur`n.. Zcec
Zcecr`
r`os
osggn
ggn hg
hgrgf
rgf yg
yg`tu
`tu n`kg
n`kg`` fc
fcei
eidk
dkil
il`n
`n hg
hgn
n fc
fcei
eiti
tior
or`t
`t yg
ygnd
nd
ecn`ndogt ecnunbuoogn fceioinscntrgs` ygnd lcrog`tgn hcndgn hcf`hrgs`.
Zcecr`osggn ur`ngk`s`s yg`tu ur`n ygnd sch`o`t hgn oinscntrgs` ygnd t`ndd`

go`lgt hcf`hrgs`, budg tcrhgpgtnyg gsctin h` hgkge ur`n.

<. H@GDNIQG OCZC\GTGXGN

Ecnurut
Ecnurut NGNHG
NGNHG (<:73)
(<:73) h`gdnisg
h`gdnisg ocpcrgwgtgn
ocpcrgwgtgn ygnd t`eluk
t`eluk pghg ok`cn ygnd
ecndgkge` F`pcrcecs`s
ecndgkge` F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue ghgkgf
Drgv`hgrue ghgkgf sclgdg` lcr`out 2
7) Ocourgndgn
Ocourgndgn vikuec
vikuec ag`rgn lcrfulundgn
lcrfulundgn ocf`kgndgn
ocf`kgndgn ag`rgn ygnd lcrkcl`fgn,
lcrkcl`fgn,
hcf`hrgs`, ag`rgn costrgsckukcr hgn pkgseg lcrourgnd h`tgnhg` hcndgn ecelrgn
euoisg ocr`nd, pcnurungn turdir ouk`t, pcnurungn fgkugrgn ur`nc.

<) Oct`hgosc`e
Oct`hgosc`elgndgn
lgndgn nutr`s` ourgnd hgr` oclutufgn
oclutufgn tuluf lcrfulundgn
lcrfulundgn hcndgn
mrcoucns` eugk hgn euntgf lcrkcl`fgn, pcndckugrgn nutr`s` lcrkcl`fgn h`tgnhg`
hcndgn ngmsu egogn ecnurun, eugk hgn euntgf.
1) @ntikc
@ntikcrgn
rgns`
s` got`v`
got`v`tgs
tgs lcrful
lcrfulun
undgn
dgn hcndgn
hcndgn lcrour
lcrourgnd
gndnyg
nyg ectgli
ectglik`s
k`sec
ec hgkge
hgkge
sck, ockcegfgn, itit kcegf h`tgnhg` hcndgn ockct`fgn gtgu ockcegfgn, t`hgo 
hgpgt eckgouogn got`v`tgs.
8) \cs`
\cs`oi
oi oct`h
ct`hgo
gocm
cmco
cot`
t`mg
mgn
n pcr
crmu
mus`
s` bg
bgr`
r`n
ndg
dgn
n itg
tgo
o lcr
crfu
fulu
lund
ndgn
gn hc
hcnd
ndgn
gn
fceioiscntrgs`, gk`rgn hgrgf oc bgr`ndgn ecnurun h`tgnhg` hcndgn pcnurungn
ocsghgrgn
 

1. @NXC\]CNQ@ OCZC\GTGXGN

H`gdnisg \cnagng ocpcrgwgtgn

Ocpcrgwgtgn/ Xubugn hgn Or`tcr`g @ntcrvcns`
Egsgkgf Oikglirgs`
Fgs`k

Ocourgndgn ]ikuec NIA2 N@A 2

Ag`rgn   ❝ Mku`h lgkgnac   Zcrtgfgnogn agtgtgn


Lcrfulundgn hcndgn2   ❝ F Fy

yhrgt`in `ntgoc hgn iutput ygnd
- Ocf`kgndgn vikuec   ❝ N Nu
utr`t`ingk Qtgtus 2 gourgt
ag`rgn ygnd Miih gnh Mku`h   Ein`tir stgtus f`hrgs` (


-  lcrkcl`fgn @ntgoc ockcelglgn ecelrgn

Ocdgdgkgn Qctckgf h`kgouogn euoisg, ngh` ghcougt,
ecogn`sec t`nhgogn ocpcrgwgtgn tcogngn hgrgf irtistgt`o ),
 pcndgturgn sckgeg 1x<8 bge. b`og h`pcrkuogn
ocourgndgn vikuec Ein`tir fgs`k kgl ygnd
  

ag`rgn tc
tcrgtgs` hc
hcndgn scsug` hc
hcndgn rc
rctcns`
or`tcr`g fgs`k2 ag`rgn (LSN , Fet ,
❝ E cecepcrtgfgnogn iseikgk`tgs ur
ur`n, gk
gklue`n,
ur`nc iutput ssccsug` titgk pritc`n )
hcndgn us`g hgn Ein`tir v`tgk s`dn sct`gp
  

LL, LB ur`nc 73ecn`t ‑ 7 bge

niregk,    Oikglirgs` pcelcr`gn
❝ X
 Xccogngn hgrgf, ag`rgn @]
ngh`, sufu tuluf  Ein`tir stgtus nutr`s`
hgkge lgtgs Lcr`ogn ag`rgn irgk

niregk
❝ X`hgo ghg tgnhg
 Lcr`ogn pcnddgnt`gn
tgnhg hcf`hrgs`,
ngsidgtr`o scsug` iutput
Ckgst`s`tgs turdir 
(3: ‑ 7::aa/bge)
ouk`t lg`o,
  
tcntgnd oclutufgn

supkcecn egogngn
ecelrgn scpcrt` NDX/ XZN
euoisg    scf`nddg
Hirind `ntgoc
ockugrdgag`rgn
untuo 
kcelgl, t`hgo ygnd ghcougt hgpgt
ghg h`pcrtgfgnogn.
ecelgntu pgs`cn egogn
rgsg fgus ygnd   
  GturOikglirgs`
pi
pis`s`
s`s` sce`hiotcr
miwkcr b`og
 lcrkcl`fgn gtgu miwkcr
tgnhg t`ndd`
ag`rgn sckgeg
lcrkcl`f
❝ Ir
 I r`cntgs` tcrfghgp egogn
eunauk ecluruo  
wgotu hgn  Ockikg pcelcrgn gnt`
tcepgt    Gtur oceundo`ngn
cect`o2.....
 lg`o  trgnmus` lgnygo e`nue
Gnburogn
❝ Buekgf hgn `rgeg   
 Zcrs`gpgn
  Zcrtgfgnogn untuo
tcrgp` @]trgnmus`
k`nc
 pcrngpgsgn  Agtgt ghgnyg chceg,
hgkge    Zgsgnd ogtctcr
f`pcrce`o, b`og pcrku
f`pcrtin`o 
 lgtgs niregk  pgp`kg`ntgoc
  Ein`tir
 k`hgf hgn
hgn ur`n
uagv`tgs
r`n
❝ Ckcotrik`t, Fl, Fet ivgk
iutput sct`gp 6 bge
hgkge lgtgs
@ntikcrgns` Got`v`tgs NIA 2niregk N@A 2 Zrcssurc Egngdcecnt
❝ pF ur`n hgkge
 lcrfulundgn hcndgn 2 X`ssuc @ntcdr`ty 2 Qo`n Gnburogn pgs`cn untuo 
  

Costcrngk 2  lgtgs
gnh Euaius niregk ecnddungogn pgog`gn
❝ @ntgoc irgk hgn
- F`pcrtcre`g gtgu Ecelrgncs ygnd kinddgr  
`ntrgvcng
f`pitcre`g Tiunh Fcgk`nd 2   F`nhgr` ocrutgn pghg
ghcougt
- Qulstgns` o`e`g pr`ecr hgn scounhcr tcepgt t`hur  
- Ockcegfgn Qctckgf h`kgouogn Bgdg oclcrs`fgn ouk`t gdgr 
  
Oct`hgosc`elgndgn NIA2 N@A 2
- Mgotir ecogn`o t`nhgogn ocpcrgwgtgn tctgp lcrs`f hgn ocr`nd
 Nutr`t`ingk
(e`sgknyg 2 gkgt
Nutr`s` Ourgnd Hgr` g. stgtus2   Ogb` ghgnyg gkcrd`

ygnd Xuluf
Oclutufgn sckgegG… hc..qoucgrauysgiom gn Eil`k`sgs`
egogngn pgs`cn (ulgf
  

hgpgt ecn`elukog
ecn`elukogn n `ntcdr`tgs
`ntcdr`tgs ouk`t
ouk`t pgs`cn
pgs`cn  pis`s` pgs`cn) sct`gp hug
Lcrfulundgn hcndgn 2 nutr`cnt   Oikglirgs` hcndgn gfk`

kuog, tcogngn, tcrgtgs` hcndgn or`tcr`g bge scogk`
 Nutr`t`ingk
rcstrg`nt) fgs`k2   Ein`tir ouk`t gogn 
Oct`
Oc t`hg
hgoe
oegegepu pugn
gn unt
untuo
uo l. Qtgtus 2 d`z` untuo ecncntuogn
-eceg@eeil`k`tgs m`s`o    ❝  @ntcdr`tgs ouk`t ghgnyg
suoogn gtgu miih gnh Mku`h buekgfocecrgfgn
ogkir` hgn nutr`s`
e- cnac\rgnhg`ngsu`tr`s` ikcf yg@nntdgolcg`o l`sg ygnd h`lutufogn pgs`cn
ogrcng mgotir eugk hgn a. Tc`dft Aintrik Pgo`nogn h`ct ygnd
  

euntgf Qctckgf h`kgouogn Ikcsogn

h`egogkit`in
n ecndgtgugnhund

- Ss`g ygnd costr`e h`pcrtgfgnogn
t`nhgogn ocpcrgwgtgn e`nygo/lgly
t`ndd` scrgt ui`k
ntupghg
o 
- Ockcelglgn ou ouk`t (scnsgs`,
sckgeg….nutr`s` hcrgf ygnd tcrtcogn
- Ilgt-ilgtgn ourgncdkgst`s`tgs, ecnacdgf oinst`pgs`
tcrgtgs` hcndgn   Gbgrogn pgs`cn 

`nh`ogtir2 Ein`tir got`v`tgs

 lgdg`egng ecelugt
hgn
@ntcrngk 2 ❝   t c e
Gklue`n p c r gtu
scruer,
eil`k`sgs` pgs`cn fgr`gn.
agtgtgn egogngn
- Zcrulgfgn stgtus Zrcf`gklue`n
❝  hrgs`, scrue   

Ein`tirstgtus
Ein`tir ghgnygnutr`s`
ectglik`o ❝ 
Fcegtior`t
p`decntgs`)  pcnurungn LL hgn dukg
dukg
 pgs`cn
❝  Fceidkil`n hgrgf
- Xinbikgn tukgnd   ❝❝   X`hgo
  Xitgk ghg
`rin l`nh`nd  Ein`tir k`ndoundgn
agpga`ty sckgeg egogn
 Ecegnh`ogn pgs`cn
- Hcm`s`t ``e
eunikid` Buekgfkuok`emis`t
g/kcs` pg
pghg
 Bghwgkogn pcndilgtgn
hcndgn sglun hgn g`r 
Lcrfulundgn
hgn t`nhgogn t`hgo sckgeg
- hcndgn ouk`t
fgndgt
 bge egogn
hcndgn   ❝  Zcrmus` bgr`ndgn

 Ein`tir
Ogb` turdir hgn
k`ndoundgn ouk`t
 pcrocelgndgn lg`o 
  pcrgkgtgn
Ein`tirygnd
ococr`ndgn,
- Zcrulgfgn scnsgs`   ❝  Ecnunbuoogn
ecnyclglogn
rgelut ousge, tcogngn
titgk
- Zcrulgfgn stgtus pcegfgegn  pritc`n, Fl hgn oghgr Ft
   Ein`tir
 Ilscrvgs` kuog
eug
eugk 2 kiogs`,
k hgn euntgf
nutr`s` (ilcs`tgs, hgkge priscs 
h`ecns`, ochgkgegn kuog,
ocourusgn) pcrlg`ogn ouk`t  Ein`tir puagt,
- Zcrulgfgn stgtus hgn ecnacdgf ogrgotcr`st`o,wgrng
ocecrgfgn,
ag`rgn, hgn bgr`ndgn
drgnukgs`,
ag`rgn tcrbgh`nyg schcrg ococr`ndgn bgr`ndgn
ncorit`o, tgnhg-tgnhg
- Zcrulgfgn lcrukgnd oinbundt`vg
`nmcos` kiogk, miregs`
 p`decntgs`   ❝  Egepu  Ein`tir `ntgoc nuntr`s`
trgotus
 @nmiregs`ogn pghg ok`cn
- Zcrulgfgn s`roukg
kgs`
s` eck`n
`nh
hund` ouk`t
k`t
hgn ockugrdg tcntgnd
egnmggt nutr`s`
 - Zcrulgfgn turdir hgn  Gbgrogn pghg ockugrdg
 Oikglirgs` hcndgn hiotcr 
 

8. HGMXG\ ZSQXGOG

Ge`n&
Ge`n&Fgrh
Fgrhf`.
f`.(<:
(<:73
73).G
).Gsuf
sufgn
gn Ocpcrg
Ocpcrgwgt
wgtgn
gn Lcrhgs
Lcrhgsgro
grogn
gn H`gdni
H`gdnisg
sg
Ech`s.Bidbgogrtg2Echg`at`in.

Gndd
Gnddgsg
gsgr`,
r`, P. <:
<:7=
7=.. Ocbg
Ocbgh`
h`gn
gn F`pc
F`pcrce
rcecs`
cs`ss Drgv
Drgv`h
`hgr
grue
ue H`t`
H`t`nb
nbgu
gu Hgr`
Hgr` \`wg
\`wgyg
ygtt
Zcnd
Zcnddu
dung
nggn
gn Oitr
Oitrgsc
gscps
ps`` Fire
Firein
ingk
gk Qggt
Qggt Zrg
Zrg Oi
Oins
nscp
cps`
s` H` LZE
LZE Ouse
Ousegw
gwgt
gt``
Qurglgyg. Burngk @ke`gf Ocscfgtgn ]ikuec0 Ni 7 Mclrugr` <:7=. 4-6.
 

Hcnncy, G.Q., & Xcwoslury, \. (<:73). Fiw Xi Tr`tc G K`tcrgturc \cv`cw. Biurngk
Im Ar`e`ngk Bust`ac Chuagt`in, <8(<). <76-<18

Mgzgr`k, Gt`m L, hoo. (<:7=). ‛Egngdcecnt gnh Iutaiec im Fypcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue

gt Xcrt`gry Ilstctr`a Mga`k`ty Ofgrtiue-Quhgn― Qa`cnt`st \cscgraf Zulk`sf`nd

(Qcptcelcr<<,<:7=)fttps2//uk`r.uk.`c/l`tstrcge/fgnhkc/7:188/3<3</Ofgk`mgY<:7=Yegng
dce cnt.phm9scqucnac5< (H`goscs tgnddgk 7 Bun` <:74).

Fg`kce
Fg`kcegr`g
gr`ge,
e, Qcdn`,
Qcdn`, hoo.
hoo. (<:7=)
(<:7=).. ‛Zrcvg
‛Zrcvgkcn
kcnac
ac im Fypcrc
Fypcrcecs
ecs`s
`s Drgv`h
Drgv`hgru
grue
e gnh
Gssia`gtch Mgatirs Geind Zrcdngnt Tiecn gt B`eeg Sn`vcrs`ty Ech`agk Acntcr,
Qiutf Tcst Ctf`ip`g2 GAriss-Qcat`ingk Qtuhy― \cscgraf Grt`akc (Hcscelcr 17,
<:7=)
<:7 =) fttps2
fttps2//w
//www.
ww.cari
carin`a
n`ain.
in.aie
aie/cad
/cady/p
y/phm/
hm/CAD
CADP-:
P-:1-:
1-::::
:::=6.
=6.phm
phm (H`gos
(H`goscs
cs
tgnddgk 7 Bun` <:74)

F`hg
F`hgyg
ygt,
t, G. (<
(<:7
:7=)
=)..  Zcndgntgr Oclutufgn Hgsgr Egnus`g Gpk`ogs` hgn Zriscs
 Ocpcrgwgtgn.. Bgogrtg 2 Qgkcelg Ech`og
 Ocpcrgwgtgn

@ntf
@ntfgn
gn GtGt`o
`og,
g, Fghr
Fghr`g
`gns
ns Ocsu
Ocsueg
eg Zutrg
Zutrg,, hg
hgn
n Q`t`
Q`t` F`
F`kh
khgn
gn`` Xfg`
Xfg`l.
l. (<:7=)
(<:7=).. ‛Ful
‛Fulun
undg
dgn
n
F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue hcndgn Ss`g @lu, Ss`g Dcstgs`, Zgr`tgs, hgn Zcocrbggn
 pghg Zgs`cn \gwgt @ngp h` \QSZ Hr. Eif. Fics`n Zgkcelgnd―. BS\NGK
OCHIOXC\GN HGN OCQCFGXGN, ]IKSEC 1, NI. 1, IOXILC\ <:7=2
7==-747
Ousueg, F., & Nurgr`m, G. F. (<:73). Gpk`ogs` Gsufgn Ocpcrgwgtgn Lcrhgsgrogn
H`gdnisg Ech`s hgn NGNHG. Bidygogrtg2 Ech`gat`in Bidbg.

Ourn`gwgt`. (<:7=).
Ourn`gwgt`. (<:7=). Spgyg Zcngndgngn Hcf`hrgs` Zghg Zgs`cn H`grc Gngo h` \QSH
Liyikgk`. Ogry
 Zgnhgn Grgnd Liyikgk`. Ogrygg Xuk`s
uk`s @ke
@ke`g
`gf
f. Qur
urgo
gogr
grtg
tg 2 Sn`v
Sn`vcr
crs`
s`tg
tgss
Eufgeegh`ygf  Qurgogrtg.
Eufgeegh`ygf

Ouse`nhgrt`,  @nh
@nhgf
gf hgn Ofik`m
Ofik`mgf.
gf. (<:74)
(<:74).. ‛Mgoti
‛Mgotirr Hie`ng
Hie`ngn
n Zcnycl
Zcnyclgl
gl Ocfge`
Ocfge`kgn
kgn
\`s`oi X`ndd` Zghg @lu Fge`k H` \uegf Qgo`t @skge Qgo`ngf Eibiocrti― Burngk
Zcnck`t`gn

Ocscfgtgn, ]ikuec 7< NI <. fttp2//cbiurngk.st`ocs-

 ppn`.ga.`h/`nhcx.pfp/BOQ/grt`akc/v`cw/<:1.

Egndou, hr. Qp. Gn. O@A & Qcngpgtf`, hr. Qp. Gn. (<:7=).  Luou Gbgr @keu Gngstcs`
hgn  \cge`ngs`.
hgn  \cge`ngs`. Bgogrtg 2 ZX. @nhcos

Egsrurif., @ooc \gtngsgr`. (<:74). ‛Fulundgn Gntgrg Seur @lu hgn Drgv`hg
Hcndgn Ocbgh`gn F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue H` \QSH Gelgrgwg Oglupgtcn
Qcegrgnd―.

fttps2//ppn`bgtcnd.ird/wp-aintcnt/upkighs/<:7=/77/Z\IQ@H@NDESQT@K-@@-@ZCE@-
BGXCNDYEGDCKGND-74-QCZXCELC\<:7=.<73-<<<.phm (H`goscs tgnddgk 71

Ec` <:76)
 

tf
E`kkcr, \H. (<:73). E`kkcr‐s
(<:73). E`kkcr‐s Gngstfcs`g 6  Ch`t`in.
 Ch`t`in. Zf`kghckpf`g, ZG 2 Ckscv`cr
Qgunhcrs.
 NGNHG @ntcrngt`ingk. <:73. H`gdnis`s
<:73. H`gdnis`s Ocpcrgwgtgn (Hcmcn`s` hgn Okgs`m`ogs` <:73-
Okgs`m`ogs` <:73-
<:74).
 NGNHG, N@A-NIA. (<:7=). Gsufgn Ocpcrgwgtgn Zrgot`s Lcrhgsgrogn Zcncrgpgn
H`gdnisg Ngnhg, N`a-Nia hgkge lcrlgdg` ogsus. Bidbgogrtg 2 Ech` Gat`in
 Nursgkge.(<:7=). Ectihikid` Zcnck`t`gn @keu Ocpcrgwgtgn 2 Zcnhcogtgn
Zcnhcogtgn Zrgot`s.
Ch`s` 8.Bgogrtg 2 Qgkcelg Ech`og.
 Nuruk @sng`n`, \czg \cm`gn`. (<:74). ‛Dgelgrgn Zcndctgfugn @lu Fge`k Xr`ecstcr @
Xcntgnd F`pcrcecs`s Drgv`hgrue H` LZE T`rgfgyu Zgnbgnd Lgnhgr Kgepund―.
BS\NGK OCL@HGNGN ]ik 8, Ni 7, Bgnugr` <:762 77-78