01 Theories of Learning

Topic 1
Theories of Learning
CONTENTS:
1. The Nature and Types of Learning

2. The Nature of Theories of Learning
3. The Principles of Learner-Centered
4. Classical Theories of Learning
5. New Theories of Learning
Objectives:
1. Define and understand how learning process happened to an

individual?
2. Compare and contrast theories in learning through various
differentiative visual tools
3. Assess how learner-centered theories are applied by teachers in
classroom teaching
4. Reflect on how multiple intelligences could influence classroom
teaching and learning.
Which is learning in the choices below?
▪ A. In every 3 months, a student-athlete grew half-inch taller .

▪ B. A student catches the ball accidentally by hand
▪ C. A student uses new words to communicate
▪ D. ONLY A & B
▪ E. ONLY B & C
▪ F. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Definition of Learning
▪ Learning is any relatively permanent

change in behavior that occurs as a result
of practice and experience.
Three Elements in Learning
1. Change in behavior, better or worse

2. Change takes place through practice or experience
3. Behavior change must be relatively permanently
and last for a fairly long time
Types of Learning:
▪ Motor Learning ▪ Learning of Principles

▪ Verbal Learning ▪ Problem Solving
▪ Concept Learning ▪ Attitude Learning
▪ Discrimination
Learning
QUESTION:
▪ Why do we need
theories in learning?
Learning Theory:
▪ It is an organized set of principles explaining how

individual acquire, retain, and recall knowledge.
▪ It tries to explain how people learn and why they
learn.
▪ It also tries to explain the nature of learning and the
conditions under which learning best occurs.
Why Learner-Centered?
Definition of Learner-Centered:
▪ It is a perspective that focuses on individual learners

(heredity, experiences, perspectives, backgrounds,
talents, interests, capacities, and needs) with a focus on
learning - the best available knowledge about learning
and how it occurs, and about teaching practices that are
most effective in promoting the highest levels of
motivation, learning, and achievement for all learners.
Examples of the learner-centered
principles:
▪ Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors:

- Learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it is an
intentional process of constructing meaning from information and
experience.
▪ Motivational and Affective Factors
- What and how much is learned is influenced by the learner’s level of
motivation. Motivation to learn is in turn influenced by the learner’s
emotional states, beliefs, interests, goals, and habits of thinking.
Examples of the learner-centered
principles:
▪ Developmental and Social Factors:

- Learning is most effective when differential within and accross physical,
intellectual, emotional, and social domains is taken into account.
▪ Individual Differences Factors:

- Learners have different strategies, approaches, and capabilities for
learning that are a function of prior experience and heredity.
Examples of Learner-Centered instructional
strategies that address learner’s needs:
▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvzVAQkuSqU
Examples of Learner-Centered instructional
strategies that address learner’s needs:
▪ Problem-Based Learning
▪ Essential Questions
▪ Discovery Learning
Principles of Learner-Centered:
1. They pertain to the learner and the learning process.

2. They focus on psychological factors primarily internal and under the
control of the learner.
3. They deal with external or contextual factors that interact wih the
internal factors.
4. They are seen as organized set of principles; no principle to be
viewed in isolation.
Principles of Learner-Centered:
5. The principles are classified under cognitive, metacognitive,

motivational, affective, developmental, social, and individual difference
factors related to learning.
6. These principles apply not only to all learners but to everybody

involved in the educational system, as for example, teachers,
administrators, parents, staff, and guidance counsellors.
Classical Theories of Learning:
Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Social Constructivism
▪ The key principle is reward and

punishment.
▪ It is commonly described as
“carrot and stick” approach to
learning.
▪ Learning requires self-

regulation and the building of
conceptual structures (tabula
rasa) through reflection and
abstraction.
▪ The learner himself construct

knowledge.
New Theories of Learning:
Social Learning Theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5z1Ka5aL09U
Social Learning Theory
▪ Implications on the Practice of Education:
a. Students often learn a great deal simply by observing people.
b. Describing consequences of behavior can effectively increase
appropriate behaviors and decrease inappropriate ones.
c. Modeling provides an alternative to shaping for teaching new
behaviors. It can provide faster, more effecient means of teaching
new behavior.
d. Teachers and parents must model appropriate behaviors and take
care not to model inappropriate behaviors.
e. Teachers should expose students to a variety of other models to break
down traditional stereotypes.
Experiential Learning
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TeaFPSQsMY
Experiential Learning
▪ Implications to the Practice of Education
a. Teachers should be keen and sensitive to the history and
experiences of learners, which could serve as inputs for
related lessons. In doing so, students would feel that they
are involved in learning process, because it is their own
experiences which they are studying.
b. Teachers should make sure that they have a feel of the
experiences of the students, so they are better able to create
an atmosphere for students that is relaxed.
c. Teachers should apply strategies meant to facilitate and
guide students’ learning so that they do not have to always
be the source of learning materials.
Multiple Intellgineces (MI)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHMzELRpLr0
Multiple Intellginces (MI)
21st Century Learning Skills
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0xa98cy-Rw
21st Century Learning Skills
Self-Assessment: Answer the link.
Uniting 1A: Unitiing 1B:

https://forms.gle/yRXGrPhUDww https://forms.gle/CB7wE4btAKd6
mPFfq7 ELVVA
▪ References:
▪ Dapat, J.R., Sadorra, B.E., Lumabi, B.M. (2016). Oral communication in focus. Lorimar Publishing Inc.: Philippines.
▪ Doyugan, C.G. (2019). Oral communication in various contexts: A journey towards communicative competence.
Lorimar Publishing Inc.: Philippines.

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Topic 1

1. The Nature and Types of Learning

1. Define and understand how learning process happened to an

▪ A. In every 3 months, a student-athlete grew half-inch taller .

▪ Learning is any relatively permanent

1. Change in behavior, better or worse

▪ Motor Learning ▪ Learning of Principles

▪ It is an organized set of principles explaining how

▪ It is a perspective that focuses on individual learners

▪ Cognitive and Metacognitive Factors:

▪ Developmental and Social Factors:

▪ Individual Differences Factors:

1. They pertain to the learner and the learning process.

5. The principles are classified under cognitive, metacognitive,

6. These principles apply not only to all learners but to everybody

▪ The key principle is reward and

▪ Learning requires self-

▪ The learner himself construct

Uniting 1A: Unitiing 1B:

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