Voltage Transformer Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:

Verification of Insulation Resistance:

Purpose: To verify the integrity of Insulation of windings and to know the strength of
insulation of Windings.

 Test Equipment: DC Voltage insulation Resistance Tester is used to perform the test.

 Test Voltage: It is as per Standard Practices/Manufacturer recommendations. It can

vary from 5000V DC to 500VDC

 Procedure:
(a1) Primary to Ground: Apply the HV lead of the tester to the primary winding and LV Lead
to the Ground while the secondary is being isolated from the connecting devices. Apply the
desired voltage for about minute and note the resistance on the tester display. Record it on the
test protocol. Before start of this test remove primary earth point.

(a2) Secondary to Ground and between secondary: Apply the HV lead of the tester to
Secondary and LV lead to Ground for “secondary to ground”. Apply the desired voltage for
about 1 minute and record the value of the resistance on the test Protocol. Similarly apply HV
lead to one core and LV lead to the other core for “Between Secondary”. Apply the desired
voltage for about 1 minute and Record the result on the test Protocol.

(a3) Primary to Secondary: Apply the HV lead of the tester to the Primary Winding and LV
lead to secondary winding of the CT while the secondary being disconnected from the
connecting devices. Apply the desired voltage for about 1 minute and note down the results on
the test protocol. Repeat the same for all each secondary winding with respect to primary.
 Voltage Transformer Test Procedure

c. Verification of Ratios and cores:

 Purpose: To find the Turn Ratio of the VT

 Test Voltage: 3 phase AC low voltage

 Procedure:
Close Q54( remove earth) of bay under test and apply 3 phase low voltage AC supply
to the 3 phases of VT and measure RY, YB, BR voltage in both cores at secondary
terminals in VT box with a multimeter and record it in test protocol. Similarly with the
same circuit apply single phase low voltage to R, Y & B one by one and measure
voltage RN, YN, BN at secondary terminals in VT box and note it down in test protocol
also verify the core by switching off MCB, from VT box, of respective core and check
whether voltage disappears and note it down in remarks column. For Bus VT close Q61
and Q62 respectively(remove earth) and repeat the same procedure.

d. Measurement of Winding Resistance

 Purpose: To find the Resistance of individual winding

 Test Equipment: Winding resistance test set Megger

 Procedure:
Connect voltage and current leads of Ohm-Meter on terminals(1a-1n/2a-2n) of the VT,
set the current value of 10mA and press start button. Ohmmeter automatically
calculates the value of resistance note that value of resistance on the test protocol.
 Numerical Bus Bar protection Testing Procedure

Before starting the testing the topology of the Bus Bar protection should be prepared along with
the correct CT directions, and to be loaded to CU and respective PUs.

Before starting the testing the CT ratios and other settings in CU and PUs shall be made. The PSL
for the scheme as per the scheme drawing shall be prepared and loaded to CU and PUs
respectively.

The fiber optic cables shall be connected between CU and all PUs with correct polarity (Tx to Rx
and Rx to Tx).

Items required for testing:

1. Secondary Current Injection kit with phase shifter.

2. Multimeter.
3. Scheme Drawings.
4. Settings of the scheme.

Measurement check:
Inject single phase current of different magnitudes in the peripheral unit to the bay under test
and check it in the measurement of the device. Match the injected values to the measured
values. Note on the test protocol.

Circuitry Faulty:

Settings to be done to test the Circuitry fault:

ID>1 in amps, time delay for ID>1 in sec in CU.

Procedure:
1. Opto Inputs assigned for CB close and Isolator close should be closed prior to start
the testing.
2. The Output relay of CU configured for Circuitry faulty signal in the PSL shall be
used for monitoring to record the pickup value.
3. To check the Pick up of the ID>1 element keep the time delay to minimum value
ie.100ms.
4. Inject the current in the PU under test for AN phase.
5. Increase the current gradually and check the pickup of the ID>1 element.
6. Record the value and reset the circuitry faulty alarm and LED.
7. Repeat the same tests for B and C phase elements.
8. After completing the Pickup checks the operating time delay shall be checked by
setting some time delay in secs.
9. Repeat the same test for B and C phase elements.

Repeat the same procedure if more than one Zone is available after assigning the PU for next
Zone.
 Numerical Bus Bar protection Testing Procedure

Phase Fault Differential Protection Checks:

Settings to be done to test the Phase Fault Differential Protection:

Is>, ID>2 in amps, and slope K in %, Time delay for ID>1 in sec should be kept to maximum
setting to avoid the blocking of the protection on the operation of Circuitry faulty in the CU.

Procedure:
1. Opto Inputs assigned for CB close and Isolator close should be closed prior to start the
testing.
2. The Output relay of CU configured for Phase differential fault (87BB trip) signal in the
PSL shall be used for monitoring to record the pickup value.
3. Inject the current in the PU under test for AN phase.
4. Increase the current gradually and check the pickup of the ID>2 element.
5. Record the value and reset the trip, alarm and LED.
6. Repeat the same tests for B and C phase elements.
7. After completing the Pickup checks for Phase differential faults the pick up time shall be
checked by injecting 2 times the pick up current of ID>2 and record for AN phase.
8. Repeat the same test for B and C phase elements.

Repeat the same procedure if more than one Zone is available after assigning the PU for next
Zone.

Slope Checks:
 Numerical Bus Bar protection Testing Procedure
Settings to be done to check the slope :

Is>, ID>1, ID>2 in amps, and slope K in %, Time delay for ID>1 in sec should be kept to
maximum setting to avoid the blocking of the protection on the operation of Circuitry faulty in
the CU.

Procedure:
1. Select 2 PUs after closing CB and Isolator assigned on same bus.
2. For carrying out the slope checks bias current shall be maintained constant through out
the test and ramping both the currents injected (one current increasing and other current
decreasing) with same steps size.
3. Inject 3 phase current I1 at 0˚ to PU1 and 3 phase current I2 at 180˚ to PU2.
4. Monitor the feed back 87BB trip to calculate the slope of operation.
5. Fix the bias current and start ramping I1 in positive direction and I2 in negative direction
with same step size.
6. Once the differential current is entered into the operating region the scheme will operate
on Bus bar differential function, note Bias and Diff value at that point and calculate slope
value and compare it with setting value.

The same procedure shall be repeated for all PUs taking one PU as reference for all the Zones.

Dead Zone Protection:

Procedure:
1. Make sure dead zone protection must be enabled.
2. Make sure CB and isolator of the feeder under test is open
3. Note the pickup/time in the test protocol by injecting current in the respective
Peripheral unit as per the setting value.
4. Check DTT send to remote end.

Topology Checks:

Procedure:

1. Close all CB and Isolator Opto inputs of one Zone

2. The Topology checks shall be done by using one PU as source and other PU as load.
3. Wire the 87BB trip feedback from CU for monitoring of the operation of the scheme.
4. Create an in zone fault by Injecting 3 phase currents in PU1, I1 at 0˚ and in PU2, I2 at 0˚
if both the CT’s direction is towards the bus in the topology with a magnitude difference
of more than ID>2 threshold.
5. Record the operating time by creating the current more than 2 times the setting of ID>2.
6. Create an out zone fault by injecting 3 phase currents in PU1, I1 at 0˚ and PU2, I2 at
180˚ with the magnitude difference of more than ID>2 threshold. Observe that the
scheme is stable even if the difference is more than twice the threshold.
 Numerical Bus Bar protection Testing Procedure
Other Checks:

Fiber Com Error:

Remove the Fiber optic cable connected from CU to the PU under test and observe Fiber Com
Error alarm. Repeat the same for other PUs and check the alarm.

Protection IN/OUT Checks:

By making the IN/OUT switch to OUT position and check the protection is getting blocked.

Protection Blocking during Circuitry Fault Checks:

By Creating a circuitry fault condition observe that the scheme is blocking the 87BB function.

Events recording Checks:

Events from CU and PUs and verify that the records are getting recorded and attach it with test
protocol.

Out put, Opto Input and LED checks:

While testing check the Output and LED’s correct operation as per the configuration in the PSL
of CU and PUs. Energize Opto Inputs and check the pick up of the same.
 DS/ES Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:
a. Contact Resistance Test
Purpose: To find the actual Contact resistance of the contact which if higher than the name plate
value can indicate corrosion or lose contact making.

Test Equipment: CBA-1000 is an automatic tester for Contact resistance.

Test Current: 200A DC current

Procedure: Connect the leads of the tester as per connection diagram. Keep the voltage leads
inside the current leads to exclude the unnecessary voltage drop that can increase the resistance
Apply the test current and wait for the results. Note down the results on the test protocol.

b. Measurement of Motor Current (Starting and Running)

 Purpose: To find the Starting current of the Motor and running current.

 Test Equipment: Clamp on Ammeter

 Procedure: Clamp on Ammeter on the Positive lead of the motor circuit and select the
scale of clamp meter that can easily read about 15 ampere dc. Issue close command to
the DS or ES at the same time motor start drawing current, note the value of the current
at start and note it in starting current column of the protocol and then record the current
during run time and note it done in the running time column. Repeat the test for opening
as well.
c. Closing and opening time

 Purpose: To ensure proper opening and closing of DS or ES

 Test Equipment: Clamp on Ammeter, Stopwatch

 Procedure: Repeat the same procedure as mentioned in Measurement of motor current

header with a stopwatch in hand. Once the close command is issued, motor starts, at the
same time start the watch and stop until clamp on shows zero current. Note down the
value of time on test protocol. Repeat the same procedure for opening as well.

d. Heater

 Purpose: To ensure proper working of heater

 Test Equipment: Single phase AC supply

 Procedure: Make sure AC supply for DS or ES in healthy and measure the value of
current at the terminal of heater or in LCC panel and note down in test protocol. Current
value must be in accordance to the heater wattage rating at approx. 230VAC.
 Circuit Breaker Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:
a) Contact Resistance Test
Purpose: To find the actual Contact resistance of the contact which if higher than the name plate
value can indicate corrosion or lose contact making.

 Test Equipment: CBA-1000 is an automatic tester for Contact resistance.

 Test Current: 200A DC current

Procedure:
Connect the leads of the tester as per connection diagram. Keep the voltage leads inside the
current leads to exclude the unnecessary voltage drop that can increase the resistance
Apply the test current and wait for the results. Note down the results on the test protocol.
 Circuit Breaker Test Procedure
b. Open/Close Time of Contacts
Purpose: To find the Time of Open and Close operation of Main contact of the CB.

 Test Equipment: CBA-1000

 Test Current: Low Current Signal (Equipment Auto mode)

 Procedure: Connect the test leads of CBA as per diagram. Earth one side of the CB main
Contacts and connect the earth point to the CBA as well. Set the Test mode of the
equipment that is “Time Test” and selects the type of operation for example first Close
operation. The equipment will close the CB and will take the time of closing of its main
contact. Then select an open order on the equipment it will carry the operation and will
automatically note down the Trip time of the main contact. Note down all the results. The
result will contain the following information’s.

1. Close time R, Y, B
2. Current Flow in Coil
3. Trip time R, Y, B
4. Current Flow in Coil.

This test will be carried out on rated, maximum and minimum operating voltage of closing
and tripping coils of circuit breaker, for max and min operating voltages refer OEM manual.
 Circuit Breaker Test Procedure

d. Measurement of Motor Current (Starting and Running )

 Purpose: To find the current of the spring charging Motor and running current.

 Test Equipment: Clamp on Ammeter

 Procedure: Clamp on Ammeter on the Positive lead of the motor circuit and select the
scale of clamp meter that can easily read about 15 ampere dc. Give a close command to
the open CB, the CB will go through close operation and at the same time the spring will
go to charge for the next closing for which motor will start. Read the current as motor
starts and record which will be the Starting current. And then record the current during
the run time of the motor which is running current.

e. Charging time

 Purpose: To ensure proper operation of charging motor

 Test Equipment: Clamp on Ammeter, Stopwatch

 Procedure: Repeat the same procedure as mentioned in Measurement of motor current

header with a stopwatch in hand. Once the close command is issued, motor starts, at the
same time start the watch and stop until clamp on shows zero current. Note down the
value of time on test protocol. Repeat the same procedure for opening as well.
 Breaker Failure relay P841 Test Procedure

Circuit Breaker Failure Protection Testing:

Purpose: To ensure that the device is working as per the approved settings uploaded in to the
device.

Test Equipment: CMC 256 Plus with Advance features enables/ Equivalent Testing Equipment

Test Current/Voltage: Test equipment Auto mode.

Procedure: All approved settings should be uploaded to the device.

Following Test Sequence should be followed

Measurement test:
Inject single phase current and check it in the measurement of the relay. Match the values
injected to the values measured. Record both the injected and measured values on the test
protocol.

Pickup and timing test:

Any protection trip initiates CB failure for that particular feeder, so initiate tripping or short the
trip contact directly from relay and make sure input for CBF initiation in active in the CBF relay
for that feeder. After CBF is initiated ramp up the current in 1 phase up to set value, relay will
issue the trip after CBF stage-1 time and record the timing and pickup current by stopping the test
set through CBF stage-1 trip contact. For CBF stage-2 keep injecting the current after CBF stage-
1 trip is issued and records the timing by stopping the test set through CBF stage-2 trip contact.
Repeat the same test with other phases and also with Phase to phase injection.
After the completion of above mentioned procedure, inject current in phase to neutral and phase
to phase without CBF initiation and note that relay must not issue trip signal.
 Bus Bar Stability Test Procedure

Bus Bar Stability Testing

1) Primary Testing:
Purpose: To ensure the correct CT ratios/Polarities to the relay and confirm the device operation
as per settings loaded into it.

 Test Equipment: Primary injection test set

 Test Current: For Primary Test 25% of nominal current and Secondary Test tester Auto
mode.

 Zone1 Stability:
Close CB and isolators with zone 1 of two feeders under test. Short 3 phases and inject current at
P1 of Transformer CT and Ground at P1 of Line-1 CT. Since equal currents enter and leave the
bus bar, thus the system will be balanced and the differential current will be negligible compared
to Restrain Current. Record both the values of restrain current and differential current. The
system should be stable, unstable condition check by inverting one of the CT polarity

 Zone2 Stability:
Close CB and isolators with zone 2 of two feeders under test. Short 3 phases and inject current at
P1 of Transformer CT and Ground at P1 of Line-1 CT. Since equal currents enter and leave the
bus bar, thus the system will be balanced and the differential current will be negligible compared
to Restrain Current. Record both the values of restrain current and differential current. The
system should be stable, unstable condition check by inverting one of the CT polarity.

Repeat the same procedure with the cases mentioned in test protocol.
Bus Bar Stability Test Procedure
 Power Transformer Stability Test Procedure

Power Transformer Stability Testing:

Purpose: To ensure correct Polarities of the CT’s and correct parameters of Trafo parameters
so that Trafo differential relay reads zero differential current.

Test Equipment: Ammeter

Test Voltage: Three Phase Ac supply.

Following Test Sequence should be followed

Proceedure:

Make sure cables are connected at HV side of transformer and MV is short circuited after CT’s
then close E1Q51 from GIS and remove earth so that 3 phase voltage injection is possible while
closing E1Q0 & E1Q9 to complete circuit upto transformer. Due to short circuit at one end
transformer draws currents on HV and MV side on low voltages, record the current measurement
in all three phases and neutral of HV and MV in trafo differential relay also record differential
and bias reading for all three phases under normal condition transformer is stable with zero
differential current. For unstable condition invert one of the CT, tripping may occur if differential
cross the set limit in the relay.
Repeat the same procedure by applying only 2 phase low voltage from GIS E1Q51, measure
currents as per above procedure and note down in test protocol.

.
 Trip Logic Test Procedure

TEST OBJECTIVE:

To ensure the tripping logic for all relays and mechanical protections as per approved logic
diagram.

TEST DESCRIPTION:

a) Trip Logic

 Test Equipment: Secondary Injection/ Testing Equipment

 Test Current: Device Fault Current

For Trafo Bay(E01):

Make sure trip coli 1 is faulty and trip coil 2 is healthy and simulate HV phase overcurrent fault
through secondary injection. E1Q0 trip through trip coil 2, check opto#1 status in P841 relay for
circuit breaker failure initiation(it will change its state from 0 to 1), verify Circuit breaker
lockout status in SCADA HMI, verify E1Q0 close block through lockout relay also check
continuity of the contacts for general trip to generation plant. Now make sure trip coil 2 is faulty
and trip coil 1 is healthy and check tripping through trip coil 1. Repeat the same procedure while
simulating the HV earth fault/MV phase over current/HV neutral over current/HV REF/Trafo
Differential and Generator trafo differential protection from secondary injection also with
transformer mechanical protections.
For bus bar protection close bus isolator E1Q1 and inject secondary current in CT which is used
for bus bar protection more than differential pickup setting, trip issues from bus bar protection
unit to all the breakers connected to busbar 1 including bus coupler if it is closed. Verify CBF
initiation sigal in P841 relay, lockout signal in SCADA HMI, E1Q0 close block. Repeat the
same procedure with E1Q2.
For Breaker failure protection close bus isolator E1Q1 and forcefully make opto#1 high in P841
relay by shorting any trip contact of the feeder protection, then inject 20% of the rated current in
CT which is used for breaker failure protection. After 150ms retrip is issued to the same breaker
and after 250ms all breakers connected to Bus bar 1 trips. Verify lockout signal in SCADA
HMI, E1Q0 close block. Repeat the same procedure for breaker failure with E1Q2.
 For Line Bays (E02, E05):

Make sure trip coli 1 is faulty and trip coil 2 is healthy and simulate HV phase overcurrent fault
through secondary injection. E2Q0 trip through trip coil 2, check opto#2 status in P841 relay for
circuit breaker failure initiation(it will change its state from 0 to 1), verify Circuit breaker lockout
statue in SCADA HMI, verify E1Q0 close block through lockout relay. Now make sure trip coil 2
is faulty and trip coil 1 is healthy and check tripping through trip coil 1. Repeat the same
procedure while simulating the HV earth fault/Line distance protection from secondary injection.
For distance relay Check for the wiring of the Distance relay to the PLC panel. Operate the relay
for zone 1 or zone 2 fault and check whether the signal is received in the PLC panel.
For bus bar protection close bus isolator E2Q1 and inject secondary current in CT which is used
for bus bar protection more than differential pickup setting, trip issues from bus bar protection
unit to all the breakers connected to busbar 1 including bus coupler if it is closed. Verify CBF
initiation sigal in P841 relay, lockout signal in SCADA HMI, E2Q0 close block. Repeat the
same procedure with E2Q2.
For Breaker failure protection close bus isolator E2Q1 and forcefully make opto#2 high in P841
relay by shorting any trip contact of the feeder protection, then inject 20% of the rated current in
CT which is used for breaker failure protection. After 150ms retrip is issued to the same breaker
and after 250ms all breakers connected to Bus bar 1 trips. Verify lockout signal in SCADA
HMI, E2Q0 close block and Direct transfer trip signal upto telecom panel. Repeat the same
procedure for breaker failure with E2Q2.

For Coupler Bay(E04):

Make sure trip coli 1 is faulty and trip coil 2 is healthy and simulate HV phase overcurrent fault
through secondary injection. E4Q0 trip through trip coil 2, check opto#1 status in P841 relay for
circuit breaker failure initiation(it will change its state from 0 to 1), verify Circuit breaker
lockout statue in SCADA HMI, verify E4Q0 close block through lockout relay. Now make sure
trip coil 2 is faulty and trip coil 1 is healthy and check tripping through trip coil 1. Repeat the
above procedure for Earth fault Protection.
For bus bar protection close bus isolator E4Q1 & E4Q2 and simulate fault in busbar 1, trip
issues from bus bar protection unit to all the breakers connected to busbar 1and bus coupler.
Verify CBF initiation sigal in P841 relay, lockout signal in SCADA HMI, E4Q0 close block.
Repeat the same procedure by simulating fault in Busbar 2.
For Breaker failure protection close bus isolator E4Q1 & E4Q2 and forcefully make opto#1
high in P841 relay by shorting trip contact of overcurrent relay, then inject 20% of the rated
current in CT which is used for breaker failure protection. After 150ms retrip is issued to the
same breaker and after 250ms all breakers trips. Verify lockout signal in SCADA HMI, E4Q0
close block.
 Earth Mesh Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:

a. Ground Grid/ Earth Mesh Integrity Test:

Purpose: To observed/verify whether the Ground Grid/Earth Mesh integrity is ok and that all the
risers are properly connected to main mesh.

Test Equipment: ISA primary injection test set, fluke multimeter

Test Current: 300A

Procedure: Select Reference Riser/injection point. Inject the test current and take the return
current back from various risers. Connect one lead of the current source to reference riser and the
other lead should be connected to the riser under test. Repeat the test for all risers. Measure the
voltage drop across the test points and calculate the resulting resistance of the path. Risers must
be disconnected from equipment during testing and once testing is completed make sure to
connect risers back.
 Transformer Differential P642 Test Procedure

Transformer Differential Protection Testing

Purpose: To verify that the device is working as per the settings loaded into it.

Test Equipment: CMC 256Plus with Advance features enabled/ Equivalent Testing Equipment

Test Current/Voltage: Test Equipment Auto Mode

Procedure: All approved Data and setting related to Transformer protection should be loaded
in to the device. Check that the device is energized properly and Healthy LED Glows..
Following Test sequence should be followed

Measurement check:
Inject single phase current/three phase current of different magnitudes and check it in the
measurement of the device. Match the injected values to the measured values. Note on the test
protocol.

Single infeed Pickup:

Inject 10mA in IaHV and ramp up with the step size of 5mA until relay trips on differential
protection read Idiff from relay and record the value on test protocol. Repeat the procedure
for other phases on both HV and MV side(to achieve more precise value reduce ramping
step size).

Operating time:
Inject twice the pickup value per phase on both HV and MV and note the trip time on test
protocol.

Balancing test:
Inject 3 phase rated HV and MV current considering vector group of transformer and CT polarity
that affects the phase angle difference between HV and MV currents for example if vector group
of trafo is Ynd1 there will be a 300 phase shift or if Ynd11 then -300 phase shift, there might be
another phase shift due to Ct star point, if it is away from Transformer then 1800 additional phase
shift to be added. Read Idiff from the relay and it must be zero in stable condition and record it in
test protocol.

Slope testing:
Slope testing can be done through slope testing module of omicron CMC where slope and points
are already defined. The module automatically verifies the slope and report will be attached with
the protocol.

Harmonic restraint test:

It can be done through Harmonic testing module of omicron CMC where Limits and points are
already defined. The module automatically verifies the harmonic restraint above the set value and
tripping below it and report will be attached with the protocol.
 Transformer Differential P642 Test Procedure

Inputs/Outputs and LED’s check:

Put relay in commissioning mode and operate all the available outputs one by one and check
continuity with the multimeter at the back side of the relay, similarly operate all LED’s and check
their healthiness. For Inputs, apply DC voltage one by one and read their status from front panel of
the relay.

Event and Fault Record:

After complete testing extract event and fault records from the relay so as to check relay records all
events correctly and attach the print with test protocol.
 Line Distance Protection P443 Test Procedure

Distance Protection Testing

Purpose: To verify that the device is working as per the settings loaded into it.

Test Equipment: CMC 256Plus with Advance features enabled/ Equivalent Testing Equipment

Test Current/Voltage: Test Equipment Auto Mode

Procedure: All approved Data and setting related to Line protection should be loaded in to the
device.
Check that the device is energized properly and Healthy LED Glows.
Following Test sequence should be followed

Measurement check:
Inject single phase current and voltage of different magnitudes and check it in the measurement
of the device. Match the injected values to the measured values. Note on the test protocol.

Distance zone tripping:

The distance feature of the relay will be tested with the advance distance feature of Omicron.
Boundaries for zones are to be set in advance distance module and inject the current and
voltage so as to achieve zone impedance under test. Test will be performed for L1-L2, L2-
L3, L3-L1, L1L2L3, L1-E, L2-E and for L3-E for all zones.
Omicron test result for Zones timing and boundaries impedances will be attached or can be written
on test protocols.

VT fuse failure:
This test will be performed in Quick CMC module of omicron. Drop voltage in all three phases
provided with nominal current VT fuse failure LED will glow, although after set time delay but
the distance feature will block instantaneously. Also it can be verified through VT mcb trip, If any
of the breaker in VT circuit trips VT fuse failure appears.

Swich on to Fault:
Close breaker manually and at the same time simulate distance zone 2 fault, relay will trip
instantaneous

Power swing:
Drop all three voltages and increase all three currents at the same time with equal set time interval
power swing LED will appear and zones tripping will occur or blocked as per settings.

Fault locator:
Simulate single and multiple faults for 25% 50% and 100% of the line impedance then read from
relay actual distance.
 Line Distance Protection P443 Test Procedure
Carrier Scheme:
Make sure relay receive carrier signal from far end and at the same time simulate zone 2 fault,
relay will trip instantaneous, also check signal send to the remote end while simulating fault in
zone 1 and zone 2

Auto reclose:
Make sure auto reclose in enable, CB healthy signal and CB open status is available to the relay
also system checks must be ok (dead line dead bus or Live line live bus or live line dead bus or
dead line live bus) then Close the circuit breaker and simulate zone 1 fault, breaker will trip and
automatically reclose. Blocking of auto reclose can be checked by simulating fault in reclaim time,
multi-phase fault and if auto reclose is disabled.

Check synchronism:
For synchronism ΔVoltage, Δangle and Δfrequency between main and reference source are to be
with in specified range then Synch check will allow the closing of CB. Inject nominal voltage and
angle on main and reference source and then start reducing reference voltage with the step of 1 volt
per second provided Δφ and Δf equals to zero, synch check ok LED will disappear when ΔV
exceeds setting value keep droping the voltage until Synch check ok LED again appear on Live-
Dead condition. For angle, start reducing angle of reference source provided ΔV and Δf equals to
zero synch check ok LED will disappear when Δφ exceeds the set value. For frequency inject Δf
more than set value for only 40ms provided ΔV and Δφ zero LED for synch ok will disappear for
that small period of time and then again appear.

Current supervision:
Inject nominal voltage and current to the relay and then put any of the phase current to zero CT
supervision LED will appear.

Inputs/Outputs and LED’s check:

Put relay in commissioning mode and operate all the available outputs one by one and check
continuity with the multimeter at the back side of the relay, similarly operate all LED’s and check
their healthiness. For Inputs, apply DC voltage one by one and read their status from front panel of
the relay.

Event and Fault Record:

After complete testing extract event and fault records from the relay so as to check relay records all
events correctly and attach print with test protocol.
Line Distance Protection P443 Test Procedure
 Over Current/ Earth Fault Protection Test Procedure

Over Current Protection Testing:

Purpose: To ensure that the device is working as per the approved settings uploaded in to the
device.

Test Equipment: CMC 256 Plus with Advance features enables/ Equivalent Testing Equipment

Test Current/Voltage: Test equipment Auto mode.

Procedure: All approved settings should be uploaded to the device.

Following Test Sequence should be followed

Measurement test:
Inject single phase current and check it in the measurement of the relay. Match the values
injected to the values measured. Record both the injected and measured values on the test
protocol.

Initial Pick Up:

Inject current less than the set pick up value (single phase) and ramp up slowly until relay trips.
Record the current value on the test protocol under the column Pick Up value. Repeat the same
test for all the phase and for Earth fault pick up. For earth fault pick up take the loop of injection
as phase to neutral.

Trip Time:

IDMT Curve element (For Trafo Bay):

Inject a fault current at least 2 times and 4 times of the set pick up values and record the trip
time in the test protocol and compare it with calculated value. Repeat the test for all phase, three
phase fault and single phase to earth fault.

Definite Time element(For Line Bay and coupler):

Ramp up the current until relay issue trip as per the set pick up values, record the measurement
of the of current at which relay trips in test protocol. After pickup test, inject pickup value and
record the trip time of relay in test protocol. Repeat the test for all phase, three phase fault and
single phase to earth fault

Instantaneous Time(If enabled in Trafo, Line and coupler Bay):

Inject a fault current as per the set pick up value of instantaneous element which is higher than
1st stage element and record the trip time in the test protocol and compare it with setting value.
Repeat the test for all phase, three phase fault and single phase to earth fault.
Inputs/Outputs and LED’s check:
Put relay in commissioning mode and operate all the available outputs one by one and check
continuity with the multimeter at the back side of the relay, similarly operate all LED’s and check
their healthiness. For Inputs, apply DC voltage one by one and read their status from front panel
of the relay.
Event and Fault Record:
After complete testing extract event and fault records from the relay so as to check relay records
all events correctly and attach print with test protocol
 Auxiliary Transformer Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:
a. Insulation Resistance Test

Purpose: To Verify the integrity of the insulation between windings and between
windings and body

Test Equipment: Insulation Tester

Test Voltage: 5000V DC

Procedure:

Short HV winding on itself that is short Red, Yellow and blue with each other and similarly
LV winding. Remove the Ground connection from the star point if any.
For HV to Ground Connect HV lead of tester to HV winding and LV lead to body/ground
and note the reading of resistance on the test protocol. For LV to ground connect HV lead of
the tester to LV winding and LV lead to body/ground and note the resistance. For HV to LV
connect HV lead to HV winding and LV lead to LV winding of the transformer. Note the
resistance on the protocol.
Take readings of resistance for 15sec and for 60 sec and note down the values on test
protocol separately and calculate polarization index
 Auxiliary Transformer Test Procedure
b. Turn Ratio Test

Purpose: To verify and cross check the Turn Ratio mentioned on the name plate of the
transformer.

Test Equipment: Turn Ratio Tester “TTR330”

Test Voltage: The equipment is set to Auto mode which usually selects 80V ac.

Procedure: Make the connections as per the diagram. Select the auto mode of the tester. The
Tester if on auto mode will detect the turn ratio on applying the low voltage signal. Note that
if one winding is delta, the Neutral wire of that side should be left hanging. Note the result
for each tap position and write on the test protocol.
 Auxiliary Transformer Test Procedure
c. Vector Group verification:
Purpose: To verify the vector group of the transformer as per the name plate value

Test Equipment: three phase as source

Test Voltage: 400 V AC three phase

Procedure: Make the connections as per the diagram. Short one phase of HV winding to the
same phase of LV winding. Apply three phase voltage to the HV side and take the following
measurements. Check whether the mathematical statement given for the vector group of the
transformer is obeyed.

For the mathematical statement of the vector group please

refer to the test protocol.
 Auxiliary Transformer Test Procedure
d.Winding Resistance Test
Purpose: To ensure that the winding is at place and not disturbed during transportation or
during factory testing.

Test Equipment: Transformer Ohm meter

Test Current: Low Current signal of about 100mA-10A. (May very as transformer

excitation) Procedure: Connect the leads as per the diagram. Take care of the polarities as

the applied signal is DC. Wait for the results to be stable. Note down the values on the test

protocol. The measurement shall be taken at each tap and both phase to phase (both Delta

& Y side) and Phase- Ground(Y-side)

Auxiliary Transformer Test Procedure
 110-48VDC Panel Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:

a. Physical inspection
Purpose: To Ensure components as per rating

Procedure: Check component list as per schematics, check ratings of all the MCB’s and
MCCB’s, check permanent tagging’s on all devices also check all annunciation and
indications.

b. Measurement of insulation resistance:

Purpose: To Verify the integrity of the insulation between Phases and phase to ground.

Test Voltage: 1000V DC

Procedure: Connect HV lead of the tester to Positive bus bar of panel and LV lead to
ground/body and measure insulation resistance and note it down in test protocol. Repeat the
same procedure with DC negative bus bar. Make sure volt meter leads must be open.

c. Measuring equipment check:

Purpose: To Verify proper working of measuring equipment.

Test Equipment: Secondary injection test set

Procedure: Inject secondary current/voltage as per full scale reading of ammeter/voltmeter and
check the healthiness of meters and not down in protocol.
 AC Panel Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:

a. Physical inspection
Purpose: To Ensure components as per rating

Procedure: Check component list as per schematics, check ratings of all the MCB’s and
MCCB’s, check permanent tagging’s on all devices also check all annunciation and
indications.

b. Measurement of insulation resistance:

Purpose: To Verify the integrity of the insulation between Phases and phase to ground.

Test Voltage: 1000V DC

Procedure: Connect HV lead of the tester to Red phase and LV lead to ground/body and
measure insulation resistance and note it down in test protocol. Repeat the same procedure
with Yellow and Blue phase and also with phase to phase. Make sure that voltmeter leads must
be open.

c. Measuring equipment check:

Purpose: To Verify proper working of measuring equipment.

Test Equipment: Secondary injection test set

Procedure: Inject secondary current/voltage as per full scale reading of ammeter/voltmeter and
check the healthiness of meters and not down in protocol.
 Earth Resistance Test

TEST PROCEDURES:

a. Earth Resistance Measurement

Purpose: To check resistance of earth of each riser

Test Equipment: Earth resistance Tester, KYORITSU

Procedure: Connect the leads of the tester as per connection diagram shown below and press
the start button then note the resistance value in the test protocol. Repeat the same procedure
with all earthing risers and make sure risers are disconnected from equipment. After testing
connect risers back with the equipment’s.

Schematic diagram

Earth resistance measurement at link boxes

 110-48VDC Chargers Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:

a. Physical inspection/Voltage measurement:

Purpose: To Ensure proper outputs of DC charger

Test Equipment: Multimeter

Procedure: Check component list as per schematics and measure 3 phase voltage and phase
sequence. After checking phase sequence switch on DC charger and check voltage at load and
battery terminals. Make sure Load and battery cable are disconnected from charger terminals.

b. Alarm and indication:

Purpose: To Ensure proper indications and alarm circuit as per schematics

Procedure: Put charger in on condition, check 3 phase voltage indications, press LED test push
button to check all alarm LED’s working, float/boast indication, check float boast selector
switch working. Check Charger fail, DC high voltage, DC low voltage alarm/LED by
changing potentiometer as per manual and set according to set value proposed by OEM.
For Earth fault detection, connect a wire from DC positive and negative to ground respectively
and check alarm/LED.
 110-48 VDC Battery Bank Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:

a. Charging and Discharging

Purpose: To Ensure proper charging and discharging of battery bank

Test Equipment: Multimeter, Specific gravity Tester

Procedure: Make sure fuse box of battery bank in open, Check Electrolyte level and no of cells
and note down in test protocol after physical inspection take voltage and specific gravity
reading of individual cell before charging. After this procedure close fuse box, put DC charger
on boast mode and increase boast mode voltage a slight higher through potentiometer as per
manual recommendation and put batteries on charging and note current, voltage and specific
gravity per hour of individual cell and note down in test protocol.
For discharge test open make sure DC charger is off, fuse box is open and connect load at
battery, take current voltage and specific gravity reading per hour and note it down in the test
protocol. Make sure discharge test must be carried out within 24 hours of battery charging.
 Transformer Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:
a. Insulation Resistance Test

Purpose: To Verify the integrity of the insulation between windings and between
windings, body and Core.

Test Equipment: Insulation Tester

Test Voltage: 5000V DC

Procedure:

Short HV winding on itself that is short Red, Yellow and blue with each other and similarly
LV winding. Remove the Ground connection from the star point if any.
For HV to Ground Connect HV lead of tester to HV winding and LV lead to body/ground
and note the reading of resistance on the test protocol. For LV to ground connect HV lead of
the tester to LV winding and LV lead to body/ground and note the resistance. For HV to LV
connect HV lead to HV winding and LV lead to LV winding of the transformer. Note the
resistance on the protocol. For core to ground, connect HV lead of tester to the core of
transformer and LV lead to body/ground and note the resistance on protocol. Before start of
the test make sure to remove core earth point.
Take readings of resistance for 15sec and for 60 sec and note down the values on test
protocol separately and calculate polarization index
 Transformer Test Procedure
b. Turn Ratio Test

Purpose: To verify and cross check the Turn Ratio mentioned on the name plate of the
transformer.

Test Equipment: Turn Ratio Tester “TTR330”

Test Voltage: The equipment is set to Auto mode which usually selects 80V ac.

Procedure: Make the connections as per the diagram. Select the auto mode of the tester. The
Tester if on auto mode will detect the turn ratio on applying the low voltage signal. Note that
if one winding is delta, the Neutral wire of that side should be left hanging. Note the result
for each tap position and write on the test protocol.
 Transformer Test Procedure
c. Vector Group verification:
Purpose: To verify the vector group of the transformer as per the name plate value

Test Equipment: three phase as source

Test Voltage: 400 V AC three phase

Procedure: Make the connections as per the diagram. Short one phase of HV winding to the
same phase of LV winding. Apply three phase voltage to the HV side and take the following
measurements. Check whether the mathematical statement given for the vector group of the
transformer is obeyed.

For the mathematical statement of the vector group please

refer to the test protocol.
 Transformer Test Procedure
d.Winding Resistance Test
Purpose: To ensure that the winding is at place and not disturbed during transportation or
during factory testing.

Test Equipment: Transformer Ohm meter

Test Current: Low Current signal of about 100mA-10A. (May very as transformer

excitation) Procedure: Connect the leads as per the diagram. Take care of the polarities as

the applied signal is DC. Wait for the results to be stable. Note down the values on the test

protocol. The measurement shall be taken at each tap and both phase to phase (both Delta

& Y side) and Phase- Ground(Y-side)

 Transformer Test Procedure
e. C&DF Test
Purpose: To find the Capacitance and Dissipation factor of Windings, Oil and Core.

Test Equipment: C&DF

Test voltage: 1kV

Procedure: Short circuit each winding completely to all terminals of its own that is Red,
Yellow and Blue phase all short together for HV winding and independently for LV side.
Apply the tester HV lead to HV side and the return (LV) lead to LV side. Take the following
combinations of readings

Capacitance between HV and LV windings

Dissipation Factor/Power Factor in Percentage

Then connect the LV lead to Ground and HV lead to HV winding and take the following
reading.
Capacitance between HV and Ground
Dissipation Factor/Power Factor in Percentage

And finally connect the HV lead to LV winding and LV lead to Ground and take the
following reading
Capacitance between LV and Ground
Dissipation Factor/Power Factor in Percentage

f. Short circuit test:

To conduct a short-circuit test on power transformer:

 Isolate the power transformer from service.

 Remove HV/LV jumps and disconnect neutral from earth/ground.
 Short LV phases and connect these short circuited terminals to neutral
 Energise HV side by 415 Volt supply.
 Measure current in neutral, HV voltage and HV and LV line currents on each tap.
 Ensure no current interruption during tap changing.
 Transformer Test Procedure
f. Open circuit test:

To conduct a short-circuit test on power transformer:

 Isolate the power transformer from service.

 Remove HV/LV jumps and disconnect neutral from earth/ground.
 Ensure LV side remain open
 Energise HV side by 415 Volt supply.
 Measure voltage in HV and LV side of transformer on each tap.

.
 Surge Arrestor Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:
a. Insulation Resistance Test
 Purpose: To Verify the integrity of the insulation between Surge Arrestor HV side
and Base Plate and then Base Plate and Ground.

 Test Equipment: Insulation Tester

 Test Voltage: 5000V DC

 Procedure: Isolate the Primary side of the Surge arrestor and connect the HV lead of
the Insulation tester and LV lead to the Base plate. Apply the test voltage up to 1
minute and note the reading for 15 sec and 1 minute. Take the ratio of both the
readings. It should be greater than 1. Repeat the same test for Base to earth.

Black lead Red lead

b. Leakage Current/Counter:
 Purpose: To Verify Leakage current measurement and counter working

 Test Equipment: Hipot Tester

 Test Voltage: As per rated voltage of Surge arrestor

 Procedure: Apply DC Hipot at rated KV of Surge arrestor and note down leakage
current and counter reading. Increase voltage step by step and note the same readings
in test protocol.
 Current Transformer Test Procedure

TEST PROCEDURES:

Verification of Insulation Resistance:

Purpose: To verify the integrity of Insulation of windings and to know the strength of insulation
of Windings.

 Test Equipment: DC Voltage insulation Resistance Tester is used to perform the test.

 Test Voltage: It is as per Standard Practices/Manufacturer recommendations. It can vary

from 5000V DC to 500VDC

 Procedure:
(a1) Primary to Ground: Apply the HV lead of the tester to the primary winding and LV Lead to
the Ground while the secondary is being isolated from the connecting devices. Apply the desired
voltage for about minute and note the resistance on the tester display. Record it on the test
protocol.

(a2) Secondary to Ground and between secondary: Apply the HV lead of the tester to Secondary
and LV lead to Ground for “secondary to ground”. Apply the desired voltage for about 1 minute
and record the value of the resistance on the test Protocol. Similarly apply HV lead to one core
and LV lead to the other core for “Between Secondary”. Apply the desired voltage for about 1
minute and Record the result on the test Protocol.

(a3) Primary to Secondary: Apply the HV lead of the tester to the Primary Winding and LV lead
to secondary winding of the CT while the secondary being disconnected from the connecting
devices. Apply the desired voltage for about 1 minute and note down the results on the test
protocol. Repeat the same for all each secondary winding with respect to primary.
 Current Transformer Test Procedure

Verification of Winding Polarities

 Purpose: To verify the polarities mentioned on the name plate/body of CT

 Test Equipment: Polarity Tester

 Test Voltage: Low voltage “9V DC” is applied to perform the test

 Procedure: The tester has four leads. Two leads for primary and other two leads for
secondary windings. Connect the Red lead of HV leads to P1 of CT primary and Red lead
of LV leads to S1 of Secondary. Connect the Black lead of HV leads to P2 and Black
lead of LV leads to S2. Green light should glow which shows polarity is standard. To
cross verify invert the connections.
 Current Transformer Test Procedure
c. Primary injection (Verification of Ratios and cores):

 Purpose: To find the Turn Ratio of the CT

 Test Equipment: ISA primary injection test set

 Test Current: 25% to 100% (as per available current source)

 Procedure: Apply 25% of the rated Current to the primary side of the CT and measure
the secondary current of each core/tap with clamp meter. For phase to phase close
Q51( remove earth) and short all 3 phases with a copper plate then close Q0, Q9 and
Q8(remove earth). Now Q8 is injection point therefore connect injection lead of the test
set at Red phase and return lead at Yellow phase. For phase to ground remove the short
and connect injection lead of the test set at Red phase at Q8 and the return lead also at
Red phase at Q51.Repeat the same procedure for other phases and note the values on
the test protocol at various points. During phase to phase injection Neutral reads zero
current, where as in Phase to ground phase and neutral has the same value.
For verification of cores keep the current flowing in the circuit and short secondary of
each core from CT box and observe respective meter or relay reads zero current.
 Current Transformer Test Procedure

d. Measurement of Winding Resistance

 Purpose: To find the Resistance of individual winding/Core/Tape

 Test Equipment: Winding resistance test set Megger

 Procedure: Connect voltage and current leads of Ohm-Meter on terminals (1S1-

1S2/2S1-2S2 etc) of the CT, set the current value of 10mA and press start button.
Ohmmeter automatically calculates the value of resistance note that value of resistance
on the test protocol.

e. Single point Grounding:

 Purpose: To ensure single earth point in CT circuit.

 Test Equipment: Multimeter

 Procedure: Remove earth point from the CT circuit of core#1 and check continuity of each
phase with the ground as per schematics, there must not be any continuity, then connect earth
back and check proper earthing with continuity.
 Current Transformer Test Procedure

f. Knee point test:

 Purpose: To ensure, for protection core, CT does not saturate at short circuit, whereas
metering core must saturate at less than short circuit current.

 Test Equipment: Single phase variable AC supply, Voltmeter and ammeter

 Procedure:
Apply single phase low voltage to S1-S2 of Core-1 of RED phase and increase voltage by step
of 20 V and record current at each step with a series ammeter until current shoots too high,
keeping Delta V constant. Initially voltage and current graph will be linear but when core gets
saturated, slight increase in voltage will result in drastic increase in current. Repeat the above
procedure for other cores and for other phases.