INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY

DENTISTRY

DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY DENTISTRY

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY

– is a branch of Dentistry which deals with preventing

disease, prolonging life, promoting physical & mental
efficiency through organized community efforts for the
sanitation of the environment, the control of communicable
infections, the education of individual in personal hygiene,
the organization

– Preventive Dentistry
 OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNITY DENTISTRY

 Health promotion for the entire population

 The detection and eradication of unhealthy choices
 Assessment of needs for dental care
 Implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures
 Resource prioritization
 Monitoring, evaluation and planning
 Integration of oral health with general health
 Improve availability, acceptability, accessibility, affordability, appropriateness of oralhealth care
THE FLAWED APPROACH

“Western doctors are like poor plumbers. They treat a

splashing tube by cleaning up the water. These
plumbers are extremely apt at drying up the water,
constantly inventing new, expensive, and refined
methods of drying up water. Somebody should teach
them how to close the tap.”
― Denis Parsons Burkitt
PUBLIC IMPORTANCE OF ORAL DISEASES

• High prevalence
• Treatment cost is high
• Causes are known i.e. diet, dirt, tobacco, stress, accidents, alcohol
• Easy and cheap to prevent
• Diagnosis is easy but treatment is relatively ineffective
• Great impact on individual and society affecting QoL e.g. pain, discomfort, functional
disability and handicap
 SYNOPSIS OF THE
COURSE
You are introduced to the basics of
• Preventive dentistry,
• Health promotion, oral epidemiology,
• Biostatistics,
• Dental public health,
• The oral health care delivery system in malaysia,
• Ethics and
• The professional regulatory mechanism instituted through the
Dental act
CONTENT

1. Dental Public Health

2. Oral Epidemiology & Biostatistics
3. Social & Behavioral Sciences in Dentistry
4. Oral Health Promotion
5. Preventive Dentistry
6. Law & Ethics
7. Clinical postings (DHE, Seminars, Critical appraisal)
8. Field Placement
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Recognize the role of public health and management of public health aspects of the major
oral diseases

2. Interpret the various indices in the assessment of oral conditions

3. Appraise the value of research methodology and biostatistics in clinical literature for
continuing update of knowledge

4. Summarize current public health and consumer issues

5. Support the principles of ethics and professionalism in dental practice

6. Adapt the principles of health promotion for improvement of quality of life

METHOD OF DELIVERY

1. Lectures

2. Tutorials

3. Practical's
4. Assignments

5. Critical appraisal of scientific articles

6. Field work
POSTING SCHEDULE

YEAR -3
FIRST POSTING:
SECOND POSTING:

YEAR-4
THIRD POSTING
FOURTH POSTING

YEAR-5
FIFTH POSTING
SIXTH POSTING
 YEAR -3 FIRST POSTING:
TASK 1: PREPARE A POSTER/BROCHURE/ MODEL/PAMPHLET OR DESIGN VIDEO
FOR DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION (GROUP PROJECT)

ORAL HEALTH EDUCATIONPAMLETS OR

BROUCHERS
ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION
POSTERS
ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION VIDEOS
 DATE STAFF
SIGNATURE
NO. SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS

Review 1

Review 2

Review 3
 FROM YEAR 3 - YEAR 5
TASK 9: ORGANISING AND PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DENTAL PROJECTS/ OUT REACH
PROGRAMS
S.NO. DATE NAME & LOCATION ORGANISATIONAL FUNCTIONAL STAFF
ROLE ROLE SIGNATURE

PLEASE NOTE: PROOF OF YOUR PARTICIPATION HAS TO BE ATTACHED, PRINT MORE PAGES OF THIS SHEET FOR MORE
PROGRAMS
 YEAR -4 FIRST POSTING
TASK 3: WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT ON ORAL HEALTH INDICES-METHODOLOGY,
CRITERIA, USES & INTERPRETATION

NO INDEX DATE SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS STAFF

. SIGNATURE
1 OHI(S)

2 DMFT,
DMFS

3 SiC
INDEX
4 BEWE
INDEX
5 MGI
6 CPI
7 IOTN
8 FLUOR
OSIS
INDEX
 YEAR-4 SECOND POSTING
TASK 5: ORAL HEALTH TALK FOR PRIORITY GROUPS
PRIORITY GROUP:

ORAL HEALTH TALK FOR

1. SECONDARY SCHOOL CHILDRENS

2. SCHOOL TEACHERS.

3. ANTENATAL MOTHERS

4. GERIATRIC PATIENTS.

5. CARE TAKERS OF SPECIAL CHILDREN

6. TOBACCO CONSELLING
No. Date Organisation Clarity Knowledge Non- Adequacy Total Staff
(Structure) verbal marks/ Signature
(0-3) (0-3) (0-6) skills Grade
(0-4) (0-4)

SCORING CRITERIA MARKS GRADE

1
MOST OR ALL OF
THE TIME 13-20 GOOD A
2
SOME OF THE
TIME 8-12 FAIR B
3
NONE OR VERY
OCCASIONALLY 0-7 POOR C
 YEAR -5 FIRST POSTING
TASK 2: PREPARE AN ASSIGNMENT ON DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH TOPICS

NO. SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS DATE STAFF

SIGNATURE
TOPIC
ASSIGNED:

BRIEFING &
INSTRUCTIONS

FIRST DRAFT

SECOND DRAFT

FINAL DRAFT
 YEAR- 5 FIRST POSTING
TASK 6: SEMINAR PRESENTATION OF DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH TOPIC
TOPIC:

No. Date Organisation Presentation Knowledge Q&A Total Staff

(Structure, skills (Verbal (Content marks/ Signature
ppt ) skills, clarity() Adequacy Grade

(0-4) (0-4) (0-6) (0-6)

3
 YEAR- 5 SECOND POSTING
TASK 7: CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF A SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE (GROUP ASSIGNMENT)
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE: _______________________________________________________________
DETAILS OF PUBLICATION (journal, author names): ______________________________________
DATE OF COMMENCEMENT:

DRAFT STAFF
SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS DATE
NO. SIGNATURE

5
 YEAR- 5 SECOND POSTING
TASK 8: CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF A SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE (INDIVIDUAL ASSESSMENT)
TITLE OF THE ARTICLE: _______________________________________________________________
DETAILS OF PUBLICATION (journal, author names): ______________________________________
DATE OF COMMENCEMENT:

STAFF
No. SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS
SIGNATURE

5
 YEAR- 5 SECOND POSTING
TASK 10: SMOKING CESSATION ACTIVITY
NAME:
IC.NO: GENDER/AGE:
DATE OF COMMENCEMENT:
STATUS/ACTIVITY REMARKS STAFF SIGNATURE
ATTITUDE &
BEHAVIOURAL STATUS-
1 INITIAL OBSERVATION
DURING
COUNSELLING
ATTITUDE &
BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
2 OBSERVED
DURING
COUNSELLING
ATTITUDE &
BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
3 OBSERVED
DURING
COUNSELLING
ATTITUDE &
BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
4 OBSERVED
DURING
COUNSELLING
FINAL OUTCOME

5.
 AFTER YEAR-5 - FIELD POSTINGS

LEARNING OUTCOMES

INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANISATION:

State the Vision, Mission and goals of the Oral health services of the Nation and State (C1).

Describe the Corporate culture & values of the organization (A1).

Explain the thrust of programme and how they are prioritized (C2).

Identify the role of dental officers and linkages with other staff for programme
implementation (C1).

List the Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)

 YEAR 5 FIELD POSTINGS-LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Introduction to the organisation

 State the Vision, Mission and goals of the Oral health services
of the Nation and State (C1)
 Describe the Corporate culture & values of the organization (A1)

 Explain the thrust of programme and how they are prioritized (C2)

 Identify the role of dental officers and linkages with other staff for
programme implementation (C1)

 List the Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)

BRIEFING BY PENGAWAI PERGIGIAN Y/M
DAERAH K. KANGSAR
 • The clinic is divided into 4 departments:-
1. General 2.Orthodontic
3. Periodontic 4.Restorative
• Staff meeting every Friday;
• Conduct 7-day-courses for staff, organised either by
orthodontic ; periodontic or restorative departments.

• Provide training for dental technician;

dental nurses and dental surgical assistants.

Upon arrival at 8.30, briefing by

Pegawai PergigianYM KP Mak
Mandin
FIELD POSTINGS

2. Observation of Health Management Information

System (HMIS)-

 Summarise the process of monitoring of all oral health activities in

primary health care and specialist oral health services. (C2)
 Recognize the elements of evaluation of HMIS such as its
effectiveness, efficiency, appropriateness and adequacy. (C1)
 Estimate usefulness of HMIS in performance appraisals,
programme planning, implementation and setting of targets (C2)
FIELD POSTINGS

3. Observation of the quality system management-

 Generalize the need, scope and usefulness of MS ISO-
9001:2015 Quality system(C2)
 Paraphrase terms such as MR, conformances, NCR and
compliance audits. KMK, KPIs, NIA SSI, DSA and CSA
(C1)
 Recognize the involvement of dental officers in quality
improvement activities such as innovation, QCC and
Quality Assurance studies (C1)
 FIELD POSTINGS

4. Observation of infection control and waste

management
 Recognize importance of education and continuous
training of self and staff in the implementation of
infection control protocols, patient safety procedures
and waste management (C1)
ARRANGEMENT OF
INSTRUMENTS ACCORDING
TO DATE
DEMONSTRATION ON NEEDLE
SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF
NEEDLE PRICK INJURY
FIELD POSTINGS

5. Observation of primary health care approach

in improving oral health
 Discover effectiveness of reducing pain and discomfort
among school children so that they may realise their full
potential (C3)
 List all the activities that are focussed on prevention,
involve community participation and a multi-sectoral
approach to establish equity through the use of appropriate
technology (C1)
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CLINIC
Visit to dental clinic in Sekolah Sri Gaya and
observe fluoride mouth rinsing activity
done among primary students
FIELD POSTINGS

6. OBSERVATION OF HOSPITAL BASED SPECIALIST

SERVICES

At the end of the posting, the student shall be able to:

 Outline the need for secondary and tertiary oral health
care (C1)
 Summarise the various oral health specialities that
contribute to holistic health care (C2)
ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY,
HOSPITAL QUEEN ELIZABETH, KOTA
KINABALU

Taklimat Perkhidmatan oleh Ketua Jabatan Bedah Mulut,

Matron Bibi Zaleha dan Dr. Khairul Anuar.

Prosthesis , Intermaxillary fixation training on acrylic cast

FIELD POSTINGS

7. Observation of population strategies

At the end of the posting the student shall be able
to:
 Recognise the effectiveness of a population strategy to
improve oral health through health promotion activities
such as fluoridation (C1)
FLUORIDATION AT WATER TREATMENT PLANT, KOTA BELUD

Penyelarasan purata fluoride dalam air

Water Fluoridation Feeder System

Air dari laut disita sebelum diproses

Taklimat oleh Mr. Fandi mengenai

proses water fluoridation
 SCOPE

 Fluoridation of water supplies (JKR, JBA, LAP)

 Parent-Teacher Associations (PIBG)
 School health policies (Healthy settings)
 Community Health Centres (Quit clinics)
 Health care for the marginalized, disadvantaged & physically/ mentally challenged
groups (Outreach initiatives) through NGOs
 Professional Associations-MDA, MSP, MES, MAOS, MOS, MPS, CDA, FDI….
 MOH-the lead agency
 DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION MODEL

REQUIREMENTS FOR
INSTRUMENTS/DENTAL EDUCATION
AIDS
WHO COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL (CPI)
PROBES
-CLINICAL –(CPI-C )
---- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL-(CPI-E)