03 PythonBasics Loops Function PDF

1.
Loops
In programming, looping means repeating the same set of computations in the same sequence for a number of times.
Think about a real-life situation. You are a field biologist who’s taking measurements of trees in the forest. You pick a tree, measure its diameter and height, write them down in your
notebook and make an estimate of its total volume. Next, you pick another tree, measure its diameter and height, write them down in your notebook and make an estimate of its total
volume. Then, you pick yet another tree, measure its diameter and height, write them down in your notebook and make an estimate of its total volume. You keep repeating the same
process until all trees in the sample are exhausted. In programming lingo, you are looping over each tree and doing the same set of tasks in the same sequence.
1. for loops iterate a finite number of times for each element in the iterable object
looping over Lists

looping over Dictionaries
looping over Strings
2. while loops keep going until a certain condition is met
For Loops
This loop is used for iterating over some kind of a sequence. That can be a list, tuple, dictionary, string, etc.
Looping over _Lists_
In [1]: integer_list = [101, 102, 103, 104, 105]
In [3]: for i in integer_list:

print(i)
101
102
103
104
105
In [5]: new_list = []
list1 = [2, 3, 4]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
for i in list1:
for j in list2:
new_list.append(i*j)
In [6]: print(new_list)
[8, 10, 12, 12, 15, 18, 16, 20, 24]
Looping over _Dictionaries_
Dictionaries in Python are a collection of key-value pairs — meaning, every item in the dictionary has a key and an associated value. You can loop over these dictionary
elements and do a variety of operations.
In [7]: football_players_dict = {
"Son": "Tottenham",
"Kang-in": "Mallorca",
"Messi": "Barcelona",
"Mbappé": "Paris Saint-Germain",
"Kane": "Tottenham"
}
dict.keys() : All the keys in the dictionary
In [10]: for player in football_players_dict.keys():

print(player)
Son
Kang-in
Messi
Mbappé
Kane
dict.values() : All the values in the dictionary
In [11]: for team in football_players_dict.values():

print(team)
Tottenham
Mallorca
Barcelona
Paris Saint-Germain
Tottenham
Looping over _Strings_
In [12]: for t in 'Python':

print(t)
P
y
t
h
o
n
In [14]: sent = "I love Text Mining"
# splitting the sentence into words

sent_split = sent.split()
# extract each word with a loop
for t in sent_split:
print(t)
I
love
Text
Mining
While Loops
Like for loops, while loops repeatedly execute a block of code — as long as a condition is true. The loop only breaks out once the looping condition is false.
In [15]: i = 0
while i <=5:
print(i)
i = i+1 # option to break out of the loop
0
1
2
3
4
5
In [16]: name = ''
while name != "Ben":

name = input("What is your name?")
print("Hey," + name + "," + " Where is Ben?")
What is your name?Will

Hey,Will, Where is Ben?
What is your name?Sam
Hey,Sam, Where is Ben?
What is your name?Ben
Hey,Ben, Where is Ben?
2. Functions
Define a function without parameters
define a function with def
comes the name of the function
e.g.,
print_hello_world()
no parameters passed to a function
In [2]: def print_hello_world():

print("Hello world")
In [5]: print_hello_world()
Hello world
Define a function with parameters

Parameters, or arguments, are values that you can pass to a function that will determine how a function will get executed.
Positional Parameters: The most common type of passing parameters is by calling a function and passing the parameters in the same position as in the definition of
the function.
In [9]: def func1(parameter):

print("Hello,", parameter)
In [10]: func1("Text Mining")
Hello, Text Mining
The position is of importance when passing positional parameters. Note that we need to pass the two required parameters here. Otherwise, we will get a TypeError
indicating that we have passed an incorrect number of parameters
In [11]: def integer_division(num1, num2):

return num1/num2
In [12]: integer_division(10, 2)
5.0
Out[12]:

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1.

looping over Lists

Looping over _Lists_

In [1]: integer_list = [101, 102, 103, 104, 105]

In [3]: for i in integer_list:

[8, 10, 12, 12, 15, 18, 16, 20, 24]

Looping over _Dictionaries_

dict.keys() : All the keys in the dictionary

In [10]: for player in football_players_dict.keys():

dict.values() : All the values in the dictionary

In [11]: for team in football_players_dict.values():

Looping over _Strings_

In [12]: for t in 'Python':

In [14]: sent = "I love Text Mining"

# splitting the sentence into words

In [16]: name = ''

while name != "Ben":

What is your name?Will

In [2]: def print_hello_world():

Define a function with parameters

In [9]: def func1(parameter):

In [10]: func1("Text Mining")

Hello, Text Mining

In [11]: def integer_division(num1, num2):

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