EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

TACLOBAN CITY
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
(COMPILATION OF SOLVED PRACTICE EXERCISES)

SUBMITTED BY:
Galrichber L. Manadong
BSCHE-2A

SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Rodrigo Baino
MATERIAL 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING MECHANICS

1. Determine the weight in Newton of a car whose mass is 1400 kg. Convert the mass of the
car to slugs and then determine its weight in pounds.

Given:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 1,400 𝑘𝑔

Required:
a. Weight in newton
b. Mass of the car in slug
c. Weight in pounds Solution:
Solution:
a. Weight in Newton

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔

𝑊 = (1,400 𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚/𝑠2

𝑾 = 𝟏𝟑, 𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝑵

b. Mass of the car

1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 = 14.5939 𝑘𝑔
1 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔
1,400 𝑘𝑔 × = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟗𝟑 𝒔𝒍𝒖𝒈𝒔
14.5939 𝑘𝑔
c. Weight in pounds

1 𝑙𝑏 = 4.448 𝑁
1 𝑙𝑏
13,720 𝑁 × = 𝟑, 𝟎𝟖𝟒. 𝟓𝟑 𝒍𝒃
4.448 𝑁

2. A cable is attached to an eyebolt on the wall that is pulled by force vector F, of

magnitude of 500N. If the eyebolt is located at point A, that is 4ft away in x-direction
from the point of axis, 3ft away in z-direction from the point of axis, and 6ft towards the
point B, sketch the figure and determine the components of the force vector F.

Given:
𝐴 = 4 𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐴 = 3 𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑧
𝐵= 6 𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑦
Required:
• Figure/sketch
• Rectangular component Solution:

𝑨𝑩 = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1)𝑖 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1)𝑗 + (𝑧2 − 𝑧1)𝑘

𝑨𝑩 = (0 − 4)𝑖 + (6 − 0)𝑗 + (0 − 3)𝑘

𝑨𝑩 = 4𝑖 + 6𝑗 − 3𝑘 𝑓𝑡

|𝑨𝑩| = √𝐴𝐵𝑥2 + 𝐴𝐵𝑦2+ 𝐴𝐵𝑧2

|𝑨𝑩| = √−42 + 62 + −32

|𝑨𝑩|

𝑨𝑩 −4𝑖 + 6𝑗 − 3𝑘

𝐹 = |𝐹|𝜆

𝐹 = 500 𝑁(−0.512𝑖 + 0.768𝑗 − 0.384𝑘)

𝑭 = −𝟐𝟓𝟔𝒊 + 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝒋 − 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝒌 𝑵

3. A cable is attached to an eyebolt on the wall that is pulled by force vector F, of magnitude
of 500N. If the eyebolt is located at point A, that is 4ft away in x-direction from the point
of axis, 3ft away in z-direction from the point of axis, and 6ft towards the point B, sketch
the figure and determine the components of the force vector F.

Given:

𝑉1 = 12 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑉2 = 10 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Required:

• Vector Sum
• 𝜃𝑥
Solution:

𝑉1𝑦 = 𝑉1𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑉1𝑦 = 12𝑠𝑖𝑛60°
 𝑉1𝑦 = 10.39 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑉1𝑥 = 𝑉1𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑉1𝑥 = 12𝑐𝑜𝑠60°
𝑉1𝑦 = 6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑉2𝑦 = 𝑉2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑉2𝑦 = 10𝑠𝑖𝑛36.87°
𝑉2𝑦 = 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑉2𝑥 = 𝑉2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑉2𝑥 = 10𝑐𝑜𝑠36.87°
𝑉2𝑥 = 7.999 𝑜𝑟 8 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑥 = ∑ 𝑉1𝑥 + 𝑉2𝑥
𝑉𝑥 = −6 + 8
𝑉𝑥 = 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

𝑉𝑦 = ∑ 𝑉1𝑦 + 𝑉2𝑦
𝑉𝑥 = 10.39 + 6
𝑉𝑥 = 16.39

𝑉 = √𝑉𝑥2 + 𝑉𝑦2

𝑉
𝑽 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟏 units

𝜃
𝜽 = 𝟖𝟑. 𝟎𝟒∘

4. A force vector is specified as F = 120i – 160j + 80k N. Calculate the angles made by F at
x, y, and z-direction or axes.

Given:
• F = 120i – 160j + 80k N

Required:
• Angles made by F at x, y, z axes.
 Solution:

|𝐹| = √𝐹𝑥2 + 𝐹𝑦2 + 𝐹𝑧2

|𝐹|

|𝐹|
|𝐹| = 215.407 𝑁

𝐹𝑥 120
cos 𝜃𝑥 = = = 0.557 𝜽𝒙 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝟏𝟓°
𝐹 215.41

𝐹𝑦 −160
cos 𝜃𝑦 = = = −0.742 𝜽𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟗°
𝐹 215.41

𝐹𝑧 80
cos 𝜃𝑧 = = = 0.371 𝜽𝒛 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟐°
𝐹 215.41

5. Using the dot product, find the components of the velocity vector V = 20i + 12j m/s in the
direction of x’ and y’ axes as shown in the figure below.

Given:

• V = 20i + 12j m/s Required:

• Components of velocity vector V in the direction of x’

and y’ axes.
Solution:
 𝑉𝑦
𝜃 = 60 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
𝑉𝑥

𝜃 = 60 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝜃 = 29.04∘

Orthogonal component of V in the direction x’

|𝑉|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

|𝑉|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟑𝟗𝟐 𝒎/𝒔

Orthogonal component of V in the direction of y’

|𝑉|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

|𝑉|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = −𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟐 𝒎/𝒔

Negative because the angle is in the negative y’-axis.

6. The resultant of the concurrent forces shown in the figure below is 300 pounds pointing up
along the y-axis. Determine the magnitude, F, and θx to give this resultant.

Given:
• 300 pounds (resultant)
• 500 N
• 240 N @ 30∘ 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 Required:

• Magnitude of F and 𝜃𝑥 Solution:

 Convert 500 N and 240 N to lb
1 𝑙𝑏
500 𝑁 × = 112.4 𝑁 𝑙𝑏
4.448 𝑁
1 𝑙𝑏
240 𝑁 × = 53.96 𝑁 𝑙𝑏
4.448 𝑁

53.96𝑠𝑖𝑛30° = 26.98 𝑙𝑏

53.96𝑐𝑜𝑠30° = 46.73 𝑙𝑏

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅𝑦

𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 26.98 𝑙𝑏 = 300 𝑙𝑏

𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 300 𝑙𝑏 + 26.98 𝑙𝑏

𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 326.98 𝑙𝑏

𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 46.73 𝑙𝑏 − 112.4 𝑙𝑏 = 0

𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 112.4 𝑙𝑏 − 46.73 𝑙𝑏

𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 65.67 𝑙𝑏

𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 326.98 𝑙𝑏
𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 65.67 𝑙𝑏
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 4.979

𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1(4.979)

𝜽 = 𝟕𝟖. 𝟔𝟒∘
 𝐹𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 326.98
F = 326.98 𝑙b
𝑠𝑖𝑛(78.64o)

𝑭 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟓 𝒍𝒃

7. The resultant of a certain system of forces has the X and Y components shown in the
figure below. Calculate the components of this resultant with respect to N and T axes
rotated 30° counter-clockwise relative to the X and Y axes.

Given:
480 lb (vertical component of R)
Required:
Component of the resultant with respect to N and T axes Solution:

𝜃
𝑅𝑥
 480 𝑅𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑠 [tan−1 ( ) − 30°] =
𝑅𝑥 √𝑅𝑥 2 + 4802
480
R N = √𝑅𝑥 2 + 4802 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠 [tan−1 ( 𝑅 ) − 30°]
𝑥

480 𝑅𝑁
𝑠𝑖𝑛 [tan−1 ( ) − 30°] =
𝑅𝑥 √𝑅𝑥2 + 4802
480
R T = √𝑅𝑥 2 + 4802 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛 [tan−1 ( 𝑅 ) − 30°]
𝑥

To find the exact value, substitute the value of 𝑅𝑥.

8. Find a unit vector that is perpendicular to both vector A and B, where A = 5i -2j +2k ft
and B = -3i + 2j + 4k ft.

Given:
A = 5i -2j +2k ft
B = -3i + 2j + 4k ft
Required:
Unit vector perpendicular to both A and B.

Solution:

𝐴 × 𝐵 = (𝐴𝑦𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧𝐵𝑦)𝑖 − (𝐴𝑥𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧𝐵𝑥)𝑗 + (𝐴𝑥𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦𝐵𝑥)𝑘

𝐴 × 𝐵 = [(−2)(4) − (2)(2)]𝑖 − [(5)(4) − (2)(−3)]𝑗 + [(5)(2) − (−2)(−3)𝑘]

𝐴 × 𝐵 = −12𝑖 − 26𝑗 + 4𝑘
 |𝐴 × 𝐵| = √−122 + (−26)2 + 42
|𝐴 × 𝐵|

𝜆
𝝀 = −𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝒊 − 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟗𝒋 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝒌

9. A block shown in the figure below is acted upon by its weight, W=200 lb, a horizontal
force Q=600 lb, and the pressure P exerted by the inclined plane. The resultant R of these
forces is up and parallel to the incline thereby sliding the block up it. Determine P and R.

Given:

𝑊 = 200 𝑙𝑏

𝑄 = 600 𝑙𝑏
Required:
P and R

𝑄𝑦′ = 600𝑠𝑖𝑛30∘

𝑄𝑦′ = 300 𝑙𝑏
 𝑄𝑥′ = 600𝑐𝑜𝑠30∘
𝑄𝑥′ = 519.62 𝑙𝑏

𝑊𝑦′ = 200𝑐𝑜𝑠30∘

𝑊𝑦′ = 173.21 𝑙𝑏

𝑊𝑥′ = 200𝑠𝑖𝑛30∘

𝑊𝑥′ = 100 𝑙𝑏

𝑃𝑦′ = 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑠15∘

𝑃𝑥′ = 𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛15∘

𝑅𝑦′ = ∑ 𝐹𝑦′ = −300 𝑙𝑏 − 173.21 𝑙𝑏 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑠15∘

0 = −300 𝑙𝑏 − 173.21 𝑙𝑏 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑠15∘

−𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑠15∘ = −473.21 𝑙𝑏
−473.21 𝑙𝑏
𝑃=
cos 15°

𝑷 = 𝟒𝟖𝟗. 𝟗 𝒍𝒃

𝑅𝑥′ = ∑ 𝐹𝑥′ = 519.62 𝑙𝑏 − 100 𝑙𝑏 + 𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛15∘

𝑅𝑥′ = ∑ 𝐹𝑥′ = 519.62 𝑙𝑏 − 100 𝑙𝑏 + (489.9)𝑠𝑖𝑛15∘

 𝑅𝑥′ = 546.42 𝑙𝑏

𝑅 = √𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑦 2

𝑅
𝑹 = 𝟓𝟒𝟔. 𝟒𝟐 𝒍𝒃

10. Determine the value of a scalar a, if the following vectors are to lie in the same plane A =
2i – j +2k m, B = 6i + 3j + ak m, and C = 16i + 46j + 7k m.

Given:
A = 2i – j +2k m
B = 6i + 3j + ak m C = 16i + 46j + 7k m
Required:
Value of a scalar a.
Solution:
𝐴×𝐵⋅𝐶=0

𝐴 × 𝐵 = (𝐴𝑦𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧𝐵𝑦)𝑖 − (𝐴𝑥𝐵𝑧 − 𝐴𝑧𝐵𝑥)𝑗 + (𝐴𝑥𝐵𝑦 − 𝐴𝑦𝐵𝑥)𝑘

𝐴 × 𝐵 = [(−1)(𝑎) − (2)(3)]𝑖 − [(2)(𝑎) − (2)(6)]𝑗 + [(2)(3) − (−4)(6)]𝑘

𝐴 × 𝐵 = (−𝑎 − 6)𝑖 − (2𝑎 − 12)𝑗 + (6 + 6)𝑘

𝐴 × 𝐵 ⋅ 𝐶 = (−𝑎 − 6)𝑖 − (2𝑎 − 12)𝑗 + (6 + 6)𝑘 ⋅ (16𝑖 + 46𝑗 + 7𝑘) = 0

0 = −16𝑎 − 96 − 92𝑎 + 552 + 84

0 = −108𝑎 + 540

180𝑎 = 540

𝒂=𝟓𝒎
MATERIAL 2: MOMENT AND COUPLE OF A FORCE SYSTEM

1. Determine the moment of the force F about point A from the figure below.

Given:
• F = 200 lb
Required: Moment of force F about point A.
Solution:
To find 𝜃
4
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃=
3
4
−1
𝜃 = tan ( )
3
𝜃=53.13∘

To find d
𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛53.13∘=
3
𝑑=3(𝑠𝑖𝑛53.13∘)
𝑑=2.4 𝑖𝑛

To find the moment of force F about point A

𝑀𝐴=𝐹𝑑
𝑀𝐴=(200 𝑙𝑏)(2.4 𝑖𝑛)
𝑴𝑨=𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝒍𝒃.𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆

2. Determine the 100 kN force about point A and point B from the origin O. Refer to the figure
below.
Given: F = 80j N

Required:
• Moment about point A and point B from the origin O.

Solution:
Moment about point A
𝐹=80𝑗 𝑁
𝑟=𝐴𝐵=(6−6)𝑖+(4−0)𝑗+(0−0)𝑘 𝑚=4𝑗 𝑚
𝑀𝐴=[4(0)−0(80)]𝑖+[0(0)−0(0)]𝑗+[0(80)−4(0)]𝑘
𝑀𝐴=0 𝑁.𝑚

Moment about point B

𝐹=80𝑗 𝑁 𝑟=𝐵𝐴=(6−6)𝑖+(0−4)𝑗+(0−0)𝑘 𝑚=−4𝑗 𝑚
𝑀𝐴=[−4(0)−0(80)]𝑖+[0(0)−0(0)]𝑗+[0(80)−(−4)(0)]𝑘
𝑀𝐴=0 𝑁.𝑚

There is no moment arm because its line of action crosses A and B. Hence, no moment in point A
and B.

3. The two forces can be replaced by an equivalent force R acting at point B on the beam. Determine
the distance b that locates B. (Hint: The combined moment of the two forces about any point is equal
to the moment of R about the same point.)

Given:
• Figure above
Required:
• Distance b

Solution:
Find the combined moment of the two forces about point C (using scalar method).
𝑀𝐶=𝐹𝑑
𝑀𝐶=𝑃(2.5 𝑚)
𝑀𝐶=2.5 𝑃 𝑚

𝑀𝐶=𝐹𝑑
𝑀𝐶=𝑃(0)
𝑀𝐶=0 𝑚

Σ𝑀𝐶=2.5 𝑃 𝑚+0 𝑚=2.5 𝑃 𝑚

Find the component of the resultant

 3.5
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃=
2.5
𝜃=54.46∘

𝑅𝑥=0+𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑠54.46∘
𝑅𝑦=𝑃+𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛54.46∘
Using the scalar method, find the moment of the vertical component of R about point C.
𝑀𝐶=𝐹𝑑
Let 𝐹=𝑅𝑦 and 𝑑=𝑏
𝑀𝐶=(𝑃+𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛54.46∘)𝑏
𝑀𝐶=(1.8137𝑃)𝑏

Substitute the combined moment of the two forces

𝑀𝐶=(1.8137𝑃)𝑏
2.5 𝑃 𝑚=(1.8137𝑃)𝑏
2.5 𝑃 𝑚
𝑏=
1.8137 𝑃
𝑏=1.378 𝑚

4. Given that T = 28.3 kN and W = 25 kN, determine the magnitude and sense of the moments about
point B of the following: (a) the force T; (b) the force W; and (c) forces T and W combined.

Given:
• T=28.3 kN
• W=25 kN

Required:
• Magnitude and sense of the moment about point B of the ff: T, W, T and W.
Solution:
𝑡=√362 + 362
𝑡=50.91 𝑚

𝑏=√362 + 162
𝑏=39.4 𝑚

To find the angle 𝜃

𝑏2=𝑐2+𝑎2−2𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
39.42=50.912+202−2(50.91)(20)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
39.42 −50.912 −202
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃=
(−2)(50.91)(20)
𝜃=𝑐𝑜𝑠−1(0.71)=45∘
 The Force T
𝑀𝐵=𝑟×𝑇
𝑀𝐵=𝑟𝑇𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑀𝐵=(20𝑚)(28.3 𝑘𝑁)𝑠𝑖𝑛45∘
𝑀𝐵=400.222 𝑘𝑁.𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

The Force W
𝑀𝐵=𝑊𝑑
𝑀𝐵=(25 𝑘𝑁)(16 𝑚)
𝑀𝐵=400 𝑘𝑁.𝑚 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

The forces T and W combined

𝑀𝐵=−400.222+400
𝑀𝐵=−0.222 𝑘𝑁.𝑚
The negative sign indicates that the sense of moment is counterclockwise

5. Compute the moment of the force P about point A in the figure below.

Given:
• Graph above

Required:
• Moment of force P about point A

Solution:
Write P in vector form
𝑪𝑩=(−70−0)𝑖+(90−90)𝑗+(0−100)𝑘
𝑪𝑩=−70𝑖−100𝑘 𝑚
√−702 +(−100)2
𝜆= = −0.573𝑖 − 0.819𝑘
122.1𝑚
𝑃=200(−0.573𝑖−0.819𝑘)
𝑃=−114.6𝑖−163.8𝑘 𝑁

Choose an r; write in vector form

 𝑟=𝐴𝐵=(−70−0)𝑖+(90−0)𝑗 𝑚𝑚=−70𝑖+90𝑗 𝑚𝑚

Solve the moment using 𝑀𝐴=𝑟×𝑃

𝑀𝐴=𝑟×𝑃
𝑀𝐴=(−70𝑖+90𝑗)𝑚𝑚×(−114.6𝑖−163.8𝑘)𝑁
𝑀𝐴=[(90)(−163.8)−(0)(0)]𝑖+[(0)(−114.6)−(−70)(−163.8)]𝑗+[(−70)(0)−(90)(−114.6)]𝑘
𝑀𝐴=−14,742𝑖−11,580.6𝑗+10,244𝑘 𝑁.𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝐴=−14.742𝑖−11.580.6𝑗+10.244𝑘 𝑁.𝑚

6. Considering the figure below, determine the moment P about point C where the magnitude of the
force P is 100 N. Also, if the magnitude of force Q is 250 N, determine the moment of Q about origin
O.

Given:
• P=100 N
• Q=250 N

Required:
• 𝑀c 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀o

Solution:

Moment of P about point C.

Write P in vector form.
𝐴𝐵=(0−500)𝑖+(0−600)𝑗+(360−0)𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐵=−500𝑖−600𝑗+360𝑘 𝑚𝑚
−500i−600j+360k
𝜆= = −0.5814𝑖−0.6977𝑗+0.4186𝑘
860
𝑃=100 𝑁(−0.5814𝑖−0.6977𝑗+0.4186𝑘)
𝑃=−58.14𝑖−69.77𝑗+41.86𝑘 𝑁

Choose r and write it in vector form.

𝑟=𝐶𝐵=(0−0)𝑖+(0−600)𝑗+(360−360)𝑘 𝑚𝑚=−600𝑗 𝑚𝑚
 Solve the moment using 𝑀𝐶=𝑟×𝑃
𝑀𝐶=𝑟×𝑃 𝑀𝐶=−600𝑗 𝑚𝑚(−58.14𝑖−69.77𝑗+41.86𝑘 𝑁)
𝑀𝐶=[(−600)(41.86)−(0)(−69.77)]𝑖+[(0)(−58.14)−(0)(41.86)]𝑗+[(0)(−69.77)−(−600)(−5
8.14)]𝑘 𝑁.𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝐶=−25,116𝑖−34,884𝑘 𝑁.𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝐶=−25.116𝑖−34.884𝑘 𝑁.𝑚

Moment of Q about the origin O.

Write P in vector form.
𝐷𝐵=(0−500)𝑖+(0−0)𝑗+(360−0)𝑘 𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝐵=−500𝑖+360𝑘 𝑚𝑚
−500i+360k mm
𝜆= = −0.8115𝑖+0.5843𝑘
616.12
𝑄=250 𝑁(−0.8115𝑖+0.5843𝑘)
𝑄=−202.875𝑖+146.075𝑘 𝑁

Choose r and write it in vector form.

𝑟=𝑂𝐷=(500−0)𝑖+(0−0)𝑗+(0−0)𝑘 𝑚𝑚=500𝑖 𝑚𝑚

Solve the moment using 𝑀𝐶=𝑟×𝑃

𝑀𝑂=𝑟×𝑃 𝑀𝑂=500𝑖 𝑚𝑚(−202.875𝑖+146.075𝑘 𝑁)
𝑀𝑂=[(0)(146.075)−(0)(0)]𝑖+[(0)(−202.875)−(500)(146.075)]𝑗
+[(500)(0)−(0)(−202.875]𝑘 𝑁.𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑂=73,037.5 𝑁.𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑂=73.0375 𝑁.𝑚

7. The magnitude of the force P is 480 N. Determine the moment of P about the axis CD. Express the
result in vector form.

Given:
• P=480 N
Required:
• Moment of P about the axis CD.

Solution:
Write P in vector form.
𝐴𝐵=(0−0.42)𝑖+(0−0.81)𝑗+(0.54−0)𝑘 𝑚
𝐴𝐵=−0.42𝑖−0.81𝑗+0.54𝑘 𝑚
0.42i−0.81j+0.54k
𝜆= = −0.3962𝑖−0.7642𝑗+0.5094𝑘
1.06
𝑃=480 𝑁(−0.3962𝑖−0.7642𝑗+0.5094𝑘)
𝑃=−190.176𝑖−366.816𝑗+244.512𝑘 𝑁

𝑟=𝐶𝐴
𝑟=(0.42−0)𝑖+(0.81−0.81)𝑗+(0−0)𝑘 𝑚
𝑟=0.42𝑖 𝑚

𝐶𝐷=(0.42−0)𝑖+(0.81−0.81)𝑗+(0.54−0)𝑘 𝑚=0.42𝑖+0.54𝑘 𝑚
0.42i+0.54k m
𝜆𝐶𝐷= =0.6139𝑖+0.7894𝑘
0.6841 m

𝑀𝐶𝐷=𝑟×𝑃∙𝜆𝐶𝐷
𝑀𝐶𝐷=[0(244.512)−0(−366.816)]∙0.6139−[(0.42)(244.512)−0(−190.176)]∙0+[(0.42)(−366.
816)−(0)(−190.176)]∙0.7894 𝑁.𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐷=−121.617 𝑁.𝑚
𝑀𝐶𝐷=−121.617 𝑁.𝑚(0.6139𝑖+0.7894𝑘)
𝑀𝐶𝐷=−74.66𝑖−96𝑘 𝑁.𝑚

8. Replace the two forces shown by a force-couple system with the force acting at O.

Given:
• Figure above

Required:
• R and 𝑀𝑂

Solution:
𝑅𝑦=−90−50𝑠𝑖𝑛60∘=−133.30 𝑙𝑏
𝑅𝑥=0+50𝑐𝑜𝑠60∘=25 𝑙𝑏
𝑅=√−133.30∘+25∘
𝑅=135.624 𝑙𝑏 or
𝑅=25𝑖−133.30𝑗 𝑙𝑏

𝑀𝑂=(90)(9)−(50)(12)
𝑀𝑂=210 𝑙𝑏.𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
9. The three forces shown are equivalent to a 50-kN upward force at A and a P Q 2 m 2 m 20 kN 3 m
A Fig. P2.85 170-kN · m counter-clockwise couple. Determine P and Q.

Given:
• 50 kN equivalent force
• 170 kN.m counterclockwise couple

Required:
• P and Q

Solution:
𝑅 = Σ𝑃+𝑄+20 𝑘𝑁
50 𝑘𝑁=𝑃−𝑄+20 𝑘𝑁
30 𝑘𝑁=𝑃−𝑄

𝑀𝐴=Σ𝑃(𝑑)+(−𝑄)(𝑑)+20 𝑘𝑁(𝑑)
𝑀𝐴=Σ𝑃(2) 𝑚+(−𝑄)(5) 𝑚+20 𝑘𝑁(7)𝑚
𝑀𝐴=2𝑃 𝑚−5𝑄 𝑚+140 𝑘𝑁.𝑚
170 𝑘𝑁.𝑚=(2𝑃−5𝑄+140 𝑘𝑁)𝑚
170 𝑘𝑁.𝑚=2𝑃−5𝑄+140 𝑘𝑁
30 𝑘𝑁=2𝑃−5𝑄

30𝑘𝑁=𝑃−𝑄
𝑃=30 𝑘𝑁+𝑄

30 𝑘𝑁=2(30 𝑘𝑁+𝑄)−5𝑄
30 𝑘𝑁=60 𝑘𝑁+2𝑄−5𝑄
−30 𝑘𝑁=−3𝑄
𝑄=10 𝑘𝑁

30 𝑘𝑁=𝑃−𝑄
𝑄=𝑃−30 𝑘𝑁

30 𝑘𝑁=2𝑃−5(𝑃−30 𝑘𝑁)
30 𝑘𝑁=2𝑃−5𝑃+150 𝑘𝑁)
−120 𝑘𝑁=−3𝑃
−120 𝑘𝑁
𝑃=
−3

𝑃=40 𝑘𝑁

10. The coplanar force system in consists of three forces and one couple. Determine the equivalent
force-couple system with the force acting at point O.
Given:
• Graph

Required:
• 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑂

Solution:
3
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃=
4
𝜃=36.87∘

x−component
𝑠𝑖𝑛36.87∘=
100 N
𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡=60 𝑁

y−component
𝑐𝑜𝑠36.87∘=
100 N
𝑦−𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡=80 𝑁

y−component
𝑠𝑖𝑛40∘=
50 N
𝑦−𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡=32.14 𝑁

x−component
𝑐𝑜𝑠40∘=
50 N
𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡=38.30 𝑁

𝑅𝑥=90−60+38.40=68.3 𝑁
𝑅𝑦=0−80+32.14=−47.86
𝑅=83.4 𝑁
47.86
𝜃= tan−1 ( )
68.3
𝜃=35.02∘

𝑀𝑂=(0.6)(90)+(0.5)(38.30)−(0.8)(32.14)
𝑀𝑂=47.44 𝑁.𝑚
 Σ𝑀𝑂=47.44 𝑁.𝑚+40 𝑁.𝑚=87.44 𝑁.𝑚

11. From the figure below, compute the tensile force in each chords A, B, and D.

Given:
• Graph
Required:
• A, B, C

Solution:
400 𝑙𝑏 𝐷
=
sin 75° sin 30°
400 sin 30° 𝑙𝑏
𝐷=
sin 75°
D = 207.06 lb

𝑅𝑦=𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠45∘−300𝑠𝑖𝑛45∘−400𝑐𝑜𝑠15∘=0
𝐴 cos 45° 300𝑠𝑖𝑛45° + 400𝑐𝑜𝑠15°
=
cos 45° 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
A = 846.41 lb

𝑅𝑥=−𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛45∘−300𝑐𝑜𝑠45∘−400𝑠𝑖𝑛15∘+𝐵=0
𝐵=𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛45∘+300𝑐𝑜𝑠45∘+400𝑠𝑖𝑛15∘

𝐵=846.41𝑠𝑖𝑛45∘+300𝑐𝑜𝑠45∘+400𝑠𝑖𝑛15∘

𝐵=914.16 𝑙𝑏
12. Consider the figure below, determine the reactions R1 and R2 for the beam.

Given:
• Graph

Required:
• 𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2

Solution:
(400)(12) 2𝐿
𝑊= = 2,400 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑑=
2 3
(2)(12)
= = 8 ft
(3)
Σ𝐹=𝑅𝐴−2400+𝑅𝐵=0
Σ𝑀𝑅𝐴=8(2400)−12(𝑅𝐵)=0
𝑅𝐵=8(2400) / 12
𝑅𝐵=1600 𝑙𝑏

𝑅𝐴=2400−𝑅𝐵
𝑅𝐴=2400−1600
𝑅𝐴=800 𝑙𝑏

Σ𝐹=𝑅1−1600−𝑅𝐴−𝑅𝐵+𝑅2=0
𝑅1+𝑅2=1600+𝑅𝐴+𝑅𝐵=0
𝑅1+𝑅2=1600+8001600=4000

Σ𝑀𝑅1=3(1600)+4(800)+16(1600)−16(𝑅2)=0
16𝑅2=33,600
𝑅2=33,600 / 16
𝑅2=2,100 𝑙𝑏

𝑅1+𝑅2=4000
𝑅1=4000−𝑅2
𝑅1=4000−2100
𝑅1=1900 𝑙𝑏

13. The roof truss in the below figure is supported by a roller at A and a hinge at B. Find the values
of the reactions.

Required:
• A and B

Solution:
Σ𝐹=𝐴−600−800−500+𝐵
𝑀𝐴=(10)(600)+15(800)+20(500)+𝐵−30𝑅𝐵=0
30𝑅𝐵 = 28,000
𝑅𝐵 = 933.33 𝑙𝑏
𝑅𝐴=1900−𝐵
𝑅𝐴=1900−933.33
𝑅𝐴=966.67 𝑙𝑏

14. The upper beam presented in the figure below is supported by a reaction at R3 and a roller at
A which separates the upper and lower beams. Determine the values of the reactions.
Required:
𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅3

Solution:
𝑀𝑅3=(14)(600)−10(600)−10𝑅𝐴+4(1900)=0
10𝑅𝐴=16000
𝑅𝐴=1600 𝑙𝑏
Σ𝐹=−600+𝑅𝐴−1900+𝑅3=0
𝑅3=600−𝑅𝐴+1900
𝑅3=600−1600+1900
𝑅3=900 𝑙𝑏

Σ𝑀𝑅1=(4)(4000)−10𝑅2+14𝑅𝐴=0
10𝑅2=16000+14(1600)
𝑅2=38400 / 10
𝑅2=3840 𝑙𝑏

Σ𝐹=𝑅1=4000+𝑅2−𝑅𝐴=0
𝑅1=4000−𝑅2+𝑅𝐴
𝑅1=4000−3840+1600
𝑅1=1760 𝑙𝑏

15. The 2-Mg uniform pole in figure is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at O and two cables.
Draw the FBD for the pole, and determine the number of unknowns.

The magnitude of the tension 𝑇𝐵𝐷 and 𝑇𝐴𝐶 are unknown. Additionally, the reaction at O is unknown,
hence, its 3 components 𝑂𝑥,𝑂𝑦,𝑂𝑧 are unknown. In totality, there are 5 unknowns in FBD.
MATERIAL 3: FRICTION, CENTROIDS AND MOMENT OF INERTIA

1. Calculate 𝐼𝑥̅ for the shaded region, knowing that 𝑦 ̅ = 34.27 𝑚𝑚

30(153 ) 12.5(453 )
𝐼= + (30 × 15)(62.5 − 34.27)2 + + (12.5 × 45)(32.5 − 34.27)2
12
40(103 )
+ + (40 × 10)(5 − 34.27)2
12
𝐼 = (367.1 + 96.7 + 346.0)103
12

𝐼 = 810 × 103 𝑚𝑚4

2. Determine the 𝐼𝑥̅ of the region shown,

Solution:

𝐴1 = 1052 = 11,025 𝑚𝑚2

1
𝐴2 = − (752 ) = −2813 𝑚𝑚2
2

𝑦1 = 52.5 𝑚𝑚

𝑦2 = 80 𝑚𝑚
 𝐴𝑖 𝑦̅𝑖 (11,025)(52.5)−(2813)(80)
𝑦̅ = = = 43.08 𝑚𝑚
 𝐴𝑖 11025−2813
𝐼𝑥 =  ((𝐼𝑥 )𝑖 + 𝐴𝑖 (𝑦̅ − 𝑦̅𝑖 )2 )
1054 2
752
𝐼𝑥 = + 11025(52.5 − 43.08) − − 2813(80 − 43.08)2
12 36
I𝑥 = 6.39 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

3. The dimensions are b = 42 mm and h = 22 mm. Determine the y coordinate of the

centroid of the beam’s cross section.
Solution:

𝑏 = 42 𝑚𝑚

ℎ = 22 𝑚𝑚

𝐴1 = 120 𝑏 𝑚𝑚2 = 5040 𝑚𝑚2

𝑥1 = 0

𝑦1 = 60 𝑚𝑚

𝐴2 = 200 ℎ = 4400 𝑚𝑚2

 𝑥2 = 0

𝑦2 = 120 + = 131 𝑚𝑚

𝐴1𝑥1 + 𝐴2𝑥2 0 + 0
𝑥 = -------------- = --------- =0
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 9440

𝐴1𝑦1 + 𝐴2𝑦2 (5040)(60) + (4400)(131)

𝑦 = ------------------ = ------------------------------------ = 93.093 𝑚𝑚
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 5040 + 4400

4. Locate the centroid of the volume obtained by revolving the triangle about the x-axis.

Solution:

𝑥𝑒𝑙 = 𝑥
 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑉 = 𝜋(60 + 4)2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝜋(60)2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 (60 + 4) 𝑥𝑑𝑥

240 𝑥
𝑉 = ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 ∫0 (60 + 4) 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 9.048 × 106 𝑚𝑚2

240 𝑥
𝑄𝑥𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑣 = 𝜋 ∫0 (60 + 4) 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 1.520 × 109 𝑚𝑚3

𝑄𝑥𝑦 1.520×109 𝑚𝑚3

𝑥= = 9.048×106𝑚𝑚2 = 168 𝑚𝑚
𝑉

𝑦=0

𝑧=0

5. Determine the largest angle θ for which the homogeneous block remains at rest.

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0

0.4𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0

0.4𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑁𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

0.4 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1(0.4)
 𝜃 = 21.800

6. The two homogenous boxes are stacked vertically. Determine the smallest force P that
would initiate motion.

𝑊1 = 20(9.81) = 196.2 𝑁

𝑊2 = (20 + 45)(9.81) = 637.7 𝑁

Upper Box:

∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

0.25𝑊1 − 0.75𝑃 = 0

0.25(196.2) − 0.75𝑃 = 0

0.75𝑃 = 49.05 𝑃 = 65.4

Both Boxes:
 ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

0.25𝑊2 − 1.5𝑃 = 0

1.5𝑃 = (0.25)(637.7)

𝑃
𝑃 = 106.3 𝑁

Upper Boxes:

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝑁𝐴 − 𝑊1 = 0

𝑁𝐴 = 𝑊1 = 196.2 𝑁

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝑃 − 0.35𝑁𝐴 = 0

𝑃 = 0.35𝑁𝐴

𝑃 = (0.35)(196.2)

𝑃 = 68.7 𝑁

Both Boxes:

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
 𝑁𝐵 − 𝑊2 = 0

𝑁𝐵 = 𝑊2 = 637.7 𝑁

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝑃 − 0.12𝑁𝐵 = 0
𝑃 = 0.12𝑁𝐵

𝑃 = (0.12)(637.7)

𝑃 = 76.5 𝑁
Therefore, the smallest P that would initiate motion is 𝑃 = 65.4 𝑁

7. A uniform ladder weighs 20 lb. The vertical wall is smooth (no friction). The floor is
rough and µs = 0.8. Determine the minimum force P needed to move the ladder.

𝑁𝐵 = 0
 ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝑃 − 𝐹𝐴 = 0
𝑃 = 𝐹𝐴

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝑁𝐴 − 20 = 0

𝑁𝐴 = 20 𝑙𝑏

∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

20(30) − 𝑃(4) = 0

60 − 𝑃4 = 0

𝑃 = 15 𝑙𝑏

8. The 700-N force is applied to the 100-kg block, which is stationary before the force is
applied. Determine the magnitude and direction of the friction force F exerted by the
horizontal surface on the block.

𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔

𝑊 = (100)(9.8)

𝑊 = 980 𝑁
 ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝑁 − 980 + 700𝑠𝑖𝑛30∘ = 0

𝑁 = 980 − 350

𝑁 = 630 𝑁

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

700𝑐𝑜𝑠30∘ − 𝐹 = 0

𝐹 = 606.218 𝑁

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠𝑁

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.80)(630)

𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 504 𝑁

𝐹 > 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥, therefore

𝐹 = 𝜇 𝑘𝑁

𝐹 = (0.60)(630)

𝐹 = 378 𝑁 𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑡

9. The force P is applied to (a) the 60-lb block and (b) the 100-lb block. For each case,
determine the magnitude of P required to initiate motion.
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑁1 − 60 = 0

𝑁1 = 60 𝑙𝑏

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑃 − 𝐹1 = 0

𝑃 = 𝐹1 = 𝜇𝑠𝑁1

𝑃 = (0.40)(60)

𝑃 = 24 𝑙𝑏

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = 0

𝐹2 = 24 𝑙𝑏

𝐹2𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜇𝑠2𝑁2

𝐹2𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.12)(160)

𝐹2𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 19.2 𝑙𝑏

𝑁2 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2

𝑁2 = 60 + 100

𝑁2 = 160 𝑙𝑏
The 60-lb block doesn’t slip by itself rather the two blocks move as a unit. In both cases a and b,

𝑃 = 𝜇𝑠2𝑁2

𝑃 = (0.12)(160)

𝑃 = 19.2 𝑙𝑏

10. If the moment of inertia of the thin strip of area about the x-axis is 2.56x106
mm4, determine the area A of the strip to within a close approximation.

Given:

• 2.56 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

• 𝑦 = 40 𝑚𝑚
Solution:
𝐼𝑥
𝐴=
𝑦2

𝐴 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

𝐼𝑥 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎

𝑦 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

2.56 × 106 𝑚𝑚4

𝐴= (40 𝑚𝑚)2

𝐴 = 1600 𝑚𝑚2

11. Calculate the moment of inertia of the shaded area about the y-axis.
 1
𝑑𝐼𝑥 = 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑦
3

𝑑𝐼𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝐼𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝐼𝑦 𝑑𝑦

𝐼𝑦

𝐼𝑦

𝐼𝑦
𝐼𝑦 = 21.48 𝑖𝑛4

12. Compute the moment of inertia of the shaded region about the y-axis by
integration.
 𝑑𝐴 = 𝑦𝑑𝑥
4
𝑑𝐴 = (50 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
9
𝐼𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥2𝑑𝐴

𝐼𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑦

𝐼𝑦 = 1.944 × 107 𝑚𝑚4

13. Determine the coordinates of the centroid of the shaded area.

 𝑎
𝐴 = ∫0 𝑑𝐴
𝑎
𝐴 = ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑎
𝐴 = ∫0 k𝑦 2 dy
𝑎
𝑘𝑦 3
𝐴= [ ]
3 0

𝑘𝑎3
𝐴
𝑏𝑎3
𝐴 = 𝑎2 3

1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏
3
𝑎𝑥
𝑥𝐴 = ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑦
2
𝑎
1
𝑥 𝐴 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
2 0
1 𝑎 2 4
𝑥𝐴 = ∫ 𝑘 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2 0
𝑎
1 𝑘 2 𝑎5
𝑥𝐴 = [ ]
2 5 0
1
𝑥𝐴 = 10 𝑘 2 𝑎5

1 𝑏2 𝑎5
( )
10 𝑎4
𝑥=
𝐴
1 3
𝑥= (𝑎𝑏2 ) ( )
10 𝑎𝑏
 𝟑𝒃
̅=
𝒙
𝟏𝟎
𝑎
𝑦̅𝐴 = ∫0 𝑦𝑑𝐴
𝑎
𝑦̅A = ∫ 𝑦𝑘𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
0
𝑎
𝑦̅A = ∫ 𝑘𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦
0
𝑎
𝑘𝑦 4
𝑦̅𝐴 = [ ]
4 0
𝑘𝑎4
𝑦̅𝐴 =
4
𝑘𝑎4
𝑦̅ = 4
𝐴
𝑘𝑎4 3
𝑦̅ = ( )
4 𝑎𝑏
𝑎4 𝑏 3
𝑦̅ = 2 ( )
4𝑎 𝑎𝑏
𝟑𝒂
̅=
𝒚
𝟒

14. Determine the x- and y-coordinates of the centroid of the trapezoidal area.
 ℎ−𝑥 ℎ
=
𝑦−𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
(ℎ − 𝑥)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = ℎ(𝑦 − 𝑏)
(ℎ−𝑥)(𝑎−𝑏)
=𝑦−𝑏
ℎ
(ℎ−𝑥)(𝑎−𝑏)
𝑦= ℎ
+𝑏
𝑎ℎ−𝑏ℎ−𝑥𝑎+𝑥𝑏
𝑦= ℎ
+𝑏
𝑥(𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝑦=𝑎−
ℎ

𝐴 𝑑𝑥

ℎ
𝑥 2 (𝑎−𝑏)
𝐴 = [𝑎𝑥 − ]
2ℎ 0
2 (𝑎
ℎ − 𝑏)
𝐴 = [𝑎ℎ − ]
2ℎ
ℎ(𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝐴 = [𝑎ℎ − ]
2
2𝑎ℎ − 𝑎ℎ + ℎ𝑏
𝐴=
2
ℎ(𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝐴=
2
ℎ

𝑦𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝐴
0

𝑦𝐴 𝑑𝑥
 𝑦𝐴 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝐴 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝐴 𝑑𝑥

𝑦𝐴

𝑦𝐴

1 ℎ(𝑎−𝑏)2
𝑦̅𝐴 = [𝑎2 ℎ − 𝑎ℎ(𝑎 − 𝑏) + ]
2 3
ℎ (𝑎 − 𝑏)2
𝑦̅𝐴 = [𝑎𝑏 + ]
2 3
ℎ 3𝑎𝑏 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2
𝑦̅𝐴 = [ ]
2 3
ℎ 3𝑎𝑏 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2
𝑦̅𝐴 = [ ]
2 3
ℎ 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑦̅𝐴 = [ ]
2 3
ℎ 𝑏 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 2
𝑦̅ = ( )( )
2 3 ℎ(𝑎 + 𝑏)

̅ = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
𝒚
3(𝑎 + 𝑏)

𝑥𝐴 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝐴
0ℎ

𝑥𝐴 = ∫ 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑥

𝑥𝐴 𝑑𝑥
 ℎ
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑥 3 (𝑎−𝑏)
𝑥𝐴 = [ − ]
2 3ℎ 0

𝑥𝐴

𝑎ℎ2 ℎ2 (𝑎−𝑏)
𝑥𝐴 = [ − ]
2 3

𝑥𝐴 =

𝑥𝐴 =
ℎ2 (𝑎+2𝑏) 2
x̅ = ×
6 ℎ(𝑎+𝑏)

𝒉(𝒂+𝟐𝒃)
𝐱̅ =
𝟑(𝒂+𝒃)

15. Determine the coordinates of the centroids.

(1.0) [ (1.0)(0.8)] − (0.6 + (0.4)) [ (0.4)(0.8)]

𝑥=

(1.0)(0.8) − (0.4)(0.8)
𝑥 = 0.533 𝑚
1 1 1 1
(0.8) [ (1.0)(0.8)] − ( (0.8)) [ (0.4)(0.8)]
3 2 3 2
𝑦=

(1.0)(0.8) − (0.4)(0.8)
𝑦 = 0.267 𝑚