Lecture#6 (PYV)

Lecture#6:
Heat Transfer in Common

Configuration
Pumyos Vallikul
Jan 17, 2023
Solution to HW#5: Plate 1× 1 𝑚2 is to maintain at 100℃ − surface temperature.
Pin fins, each has diameter of 0.25 cm and 3cm-long and 0.6 cm apart with
1𝑚
conductivity 𝑘 = 237 𝑊 𝑚 ∙ 𝐾, The convective environments are ℎ =
𝑇𝑏 = 100℃
35 𝑊 𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾 and 𝑇∞ = 30℃. Determine the rate of heat transfer from the surface
for a 1-m × 1-m section of the plate. Also determine the overall effectiveness of the
fins.
1𝑚 ℎ = 35 𝑤 𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾
Required: 𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙,𝑓𝑖𝑛 and 𝜀𝑓𝑖𝑛,𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙
𝑇∞ = 30℃
Assumption: Steady state heat transfer, the fins are constant cross
section and insulated tips
𝑘 = 237 𝑤 𝑚 ∙ 𝐾
ℎ𝑝 ℎ𝜋𝑑 35 𝜋 × 0.0025 tanh 𝑚𝐿 tanh 0.461

= 15.327𝑚−1 ; 𝜂𝑓𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.935
𝑚= = = 𝑚𝐿 0.461
𝑘𝐴𝑐 𝑘 𝜋𝑑 2 4 237 (𝜋 × 0.00252 4)
𝐴𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛 × 𝜋𝐷𝑙 + 𝜋 𝐷2 4 𝑄𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 𝜂𝑓𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑓𝑖𝑛 ℎ 𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇∞

1 1 = 0.935 × 6.68 × 35 × 100 − 30 = 15,299.8 𝑊
𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛 = × = 27,777 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑠
0.006 0.006
𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝑓𝑖𝑛 +𝑄𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 17415.74 W
= 27,777 × 𝜋 × 0.0025 × 0.03 + 𝜋 0.00252 4 = 6.68 𝑚2
𝑄𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 𝐴𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛 ℎ 𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇∞
𝐴𝑢𝑛,𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 1 × 1 − 27,777 × 𝜋 0.0025 2 4= 0.864𝑚2
= 0.864 × 35 × 100 − 30 = 2,115.93 𝑊
𝐴𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 1 × 1 𝑚2
𝜀𝑓𝑖𝑛,𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 1,7415.74 2450 = 7.10
𝑄𝑛𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 1 × 35 × 100 − 30 = 2450𝑊
Cost of heat loss through walls in winter
4-sides wall 9𝑚
12𝑚 12𝑚
9𝑚 𝑄
ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑜
3𝑚 8.29 𝑊 𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾 34 𝑊 𝑚2 ∙ 𝐾
𝐴 = 𝐶𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 × ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
= 2 × 9 + 2 × 1 × 3 = 126𝑚2
Heat Transfer Through Walls and Roofs
Surface convection heat

transfer coefficient ℎ
Emissivity of Trapped air space
Heat transfer in common configurations Isothermal cylinder of length L buried in a Heat transfer rate from district
semi-infinite medium 𝐿 ≫ 𝐷 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 > 1.5𝐷 heating system =?
Heat transfer between two surfaces
maintain at constant temperatures 𝑇1 2𝜋 × 30
and 𝑇2 : 𝑄 = 𝑆𝑘 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 𝑆= = 62.9𝑚
𝑘 = 0.9 𝑊 𝑚 ∙ 𝐾 𝑙𝑛 4 × 0.5 0.1
S = conduction shape factor
2𝜋𝐿 𝑄 = 62.9 × 0.9 × 70 = 3.963 𝑘𝑊
𝑆=
𝑙𝑛 4𝑧 𝐷
2𝜋 × 5𝑚
Two parallel isothermal cylinder placed 𝑆=
in an infinite medium: 𝐿 ≫ 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 , 𝑧 4 × 0.32 −0.052 − 0.052
cosh−1
2 × 0.5 × 0.5
Heat transfer between hot and cold 𝑆 = 6.34 𝑚
water pipes
2𝜋𝐿
𝑆= 𝑄 = 6.34 × 0.75 × 70 − 15 = 262 𝑊
4𝑧 2 − 𝐷12 − 𝐷22
cosh−1 2𝐷1 𝐷2
8
4-1 LUMPED SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Interior temperature of some bodies remains
essentially uniform at all times during a heat transfer
process.
The temperature of such bodies can be taken to be
a function of time only, T(t).
𝑑𝑇
𝑚𝑐𝑝 = ℎ𝐴𝑠 (𝑇∞ − 𝑇)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑇
𝑚𝑐𝑝
𝑑𝑡
𝑑(𝑇 − 𝑇∞ ) ℎ𝐴𝑠
=− 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 − 𝑇∞ 𝜌∀𝑐𝑝
ℎ𝐴𝑠
𝑄 = ℎ𝐴𝑠 (𝑇∞ − 𝑇) 𝑏=
𝜌∀𝑐𝑝
ℎ𝐴𝑠
𝑇(𝑡) − 𝑇∞ −
𝜌∀𝑐𝑝 𝑡
=𝑒
𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇∞
Criteria for Lumped System
∀
Characteristic length: 𝐿𝑐 = Lumped system analysis is applicable if
𝐴𝑠
ℎ ∆𝑇 𝐵𝑖 ≤ 0.1
𝐵𝑖 =
𝑘 𝐿𝑐 ∆𝑇
Biot number:
ℎ𝐿𝑐
𝐵𝑖 =
𝑘
1 3
∀ 𝜋𝐷 1
𝐿𝑐 = = 6 = 𝐷 = 0.02
𝐴𝑐 𝜋𝐷2 6
ℎ𝐿𝑐 15 × 0.02
𝐵𝑖 = = = 0.00075 < 0.1 When ℎ ↑ and 𝑘 ↓
𝑘 401
Lumped System assumption
does not applicable

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Lecture#6:

Heat Transfer in Common

ℎ𝑝 ℎ𝜋𝑑 35 𝜋 × 0.0025 tanh 𝑚𝐿 tanh 0.461

𝐴𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛 × 𝜋𝐷𝑙 + 𝜋 𝐷2 4 𝑄𝑓𝑖𝑛 = 𝜂𝑓𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑓𝑖𝑛 ℎ 𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇∞

Surface convection heat

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