CABLING AND

CONNECTION SYSTEM
Different types of the Electrical Cabling System

Cleat Wiring Cleat wiring is a temporary wiring system, hence it is not ideal
for household properties. This wiring system consists of
conventional VIR or PVC insulated wires (sometimes encased

and weatherproof cable) braided and compounded and

secured on walls or ceilings by porcelain cleats, Plastic or
wood.

Batten Wiring (CTS or TRS) In this type of wiring, single core, double core, or three core
TRS cables with round oval shapes are employed. Single core
wires are often recommended. TRS cables are chemical,

water, and steam resistant, but are marginally impacted by

lubricating oil. TRS cables are supported by well-seasoned and
straight with a minimum thickness of 10mm.

Lead Sheathed Wiring Conductors are insulated with VIR and coated with an outer
sheath of lead aluminum alloy comprising about 95% lead in
this form of wire. The metal wrapping safeguarded cables

from mechanical damage, moisture, and air deterioration. To

protect against electrolytic action caused by leaking current
and to offer safety if the sheath becomes alive.

Conduit Wiring According to pipe installation, there are two more types of
conduit wiring.
Surface Conduit Wiring - Surface conduit wiring occurs

when conduits are put on a roof or a wall.

Concealed Conduit Wiring - Concealed conduit wiring
refers to an electrical wiring system that is installed inside
a wall, roof, or floor using plastic or metallic tube.

Wooden Casing and Capping Wiring This wire is often used for two V-shaped grooves. These
wires are put in grooves, and the casing is covered by a
rectangular strip of the same width, known as capping,

and secured with a screw. Teak wood is used for the

capping and casing.
 CABLING AND

CONNECTION SYSTEM
Different types of the Mechanical Cabling System

UTP Cable Installed in Metal

Consider the following while installing UTP cabling in a grounded
metal conduit:
Conduit Make use of ferrous metal conduit. Aluminum conduit is

undesirable because it offers little or no EMI shielding.

To guarantee an appropriate ground return channel, use
conduit from junction box to junction box throughout the
system.
PVC Conduit When wires are buried below the floor level, PVC Conduit can be
used. The following criteria apply when utilizing PVC conduit in
concrete flooring:

Place the PVC conduit at least six inches below the floor's
surface.
Place the PVC pipe at least six inches apart from any other
conduits.
Mechanical Motors A typical restaurant or hotel site contains motors of varying
sizes. When running cable less than two feet from motors of
1/4 horsepower or less, or less than six feet from motors

bigger than 1/4 horsepower, use a grounded ferrous metal

conduit.

Radio Frequency Interference

The likelihood of RFI varies according to a variety of
(RFI) circumstances, including transmitter power, geography,

building materials, and the physical arrangement of

power and data transmission lines.
 CABLING AND

CONNECTION SYSTEM
Different types of the Structural Cabling System

Entrance Facilities (EF) Elecom facilities entering a building or dwelling from the outside –
whether from a local service provider or a private network – flow
via an aperture in the outer wall through a conduit. This cabling

enters a room where various devices such as network connection

points, patch panels, equipment racks, hardware connectors,
power supply, and lightning protection devices are installed.

Equipment Room (ER) The equipment room is where the entry cabling links to the
interior building electrical system. It has patch panels that link
backbone cable, horizontal cabling, and intermediate cabling. It

should be environmentally regulated to ensure that temperature

and relative humidity levels are kept within the parameters
specified by the equipment manufacturer.

Backbone Cabling Backbone cabling connects EF, telecommunications and other

ERs, and carrier spaces. It is also known as riser cabling because
it is often built in vertical channels, or risers, that connect to each

level.

Cabling Subsystem 2 is cabling between a horizontal cross-connect and an intermediate

cross-connect (IC).
Cabling Subsystem 3 is cabling between an IC and the main cross-connect (MC)

Telecommunications Room (TR)

This environmentally controlled area may be a separate
room (TE) or a component of a larger room (TR), such as a
and Telecommunications

general utility room. To give extra connection resources,

Enclosure (TE)
ICs or MCs may be inserted here as well.

Horizontal Cabling Getting telecom resources to users at their work areas or

(Cabling Subsystem 1) other rooms on a floor is the job of horizontal cabling. A
typical cable run goes from the user's device to the

nearest TR on the same floor. The maximum allowed cable

length between the TR and user device is 295 feet,
regardless of cable type.

Work Area (WA) The WA is defined as the distance between a connection, or

jack, in a wall outlet and a user device through a cable. A
structured cable system's eventual destination. The installation

of voice and data communications equipment has been

substantially simplified thanks to structured cabling. Because it
is still in use, future equipment, such as IoT systems, will be easily
supported.
 ELECTRICAL

USES, COMMERCIAL

SIZES/LENGTHS

CLEAT WIRING BATTEN WIRING

USES CS/L USES CS/L
It offers a conduit Cleats are placed A long, square- For Electric Wire
for electricity to above the wall or shaped flat strip Installation, Slotted
flow in order for roof at an interval used to keep Width, 1.5 inch
the components of 30 to 60 cm. items in place Length, 6 m
attached to it to Color, White
fulfill the required Shape, Rectangular
duties.

LEAD
CONDUIT
WOODEN CASING

SHEATHED
WIRING AND CAPPING

WIRING
WIRING

USES USES USES

It is suitable for use as a utilized to secure your It is suitable for use as a
chemical barrier in low, house or company from chemical barrier in low,
medium, and an electric fire and for medium, and
instrumentation cables in aesthetic purposes (such instrumentation cables in
a variety of petrochemical as the look of the a variety of petrochemical
applications. buildings). applications.
CS/L CS/L CS/L
2.0mm² - 5.5mm² (14AWG 1-inch EMT, 35, 26 ; 1 1/2- Length is 39.4 inches, and
- 10AWG) inch EMT, 84, 61 ; 1/2- it comes in sizes of 1.5-
inch PVC—Sch 40, 11, 8 ; inch in width and 0.8-
3/4-inch PVC—Sch 40, 21, inch in thickness
15
 DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

AND DUCTING SYSTEMS

What are the different connectors and ducting systems to be used for Electrical?

NNECTORS
CO
Board-to-Board Connectors
Board-to-board connections are used to connect PCBs that do not require a wire. Board-to-board interfaces
can minimize cable space, making them ideal for systems with limited space. Connectors in parallel or perpendicular
configuration can be used to connect the PCBs. A mezzanine connection is a connector that joins two PCBs in a
stacking arrangement. However, the phrase is also used to designate perpendicular or side-by-side PCB
configurations. These layouts are commonly found in motherboard–daughterboard configurations, where the
emphasis is on the parallel arrangement.
Wire/Cable-to-Wire/Cable Connectors
As the name implies, wire-to-wire connections link two wires. The connector's one end is permanently linked to the
wire. The connector's opposite end produces a detachable interface. Crimping or insulation displacement contact
can be used to make a lasting connection (IDC). The IDC technique involves putting the insulated wire into a slot on a
pointed metal beam. The beam's sharp edges cut through the insulation, forming a hard metal-metal contact
between the wire and the beam.
Wire/Cable-to-Board Connectors
As the name implies, wire-to-wire connections link two wires. The connector's one end is permanently linked to the
wire. The connector's opposite end produces a detachable interface. Crimping or insulation displacement contact
can be used to make a lasting connection (IDC). The IDC technique involves putting the insulated wire into a slot on a
pointed metal beam. The beam's sharp edges cut through the insulation, forming a hard metal-metal contact
between the wire and the beam.

TI NG SYST
D UC EM
Thermoplastic Cable Ducts
Thermoplastic cable ducts are suitable for a variety of settings and circumstances. For example, malls, movie
theaters, theaters, schools, congress centers, areas with special safety requirements (such as underground zones,
subway stations, bank vaults), various types of industrial plants (petrochemical, offshore platforms, power plants),
and, more broadly, switchboard applications.
Metal Cable Ducts (Cable tray)
A cable tray is a mechanism that allows cables to travel securely and in one line through the ceiling or wall. Cable
trays are manufactured in various widths and lengths as U profiles from perforated sheets. They are appropriate
for many sorts of industrial applications, including those that need high concentrations of humidity or salt, or where
acids are utilized.
Busbar Distribution Systems
The busbar system is an energy distribution system that connects busbars to channels located on the ceiling.
Lighting and illumination installation can be done individually or simultaneously with this system.
 DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

AND DUCTING SYSTEMS

What are the different connectors and ducting systems to be used for Mechanical?

NNECTORS
CO
Pin Terminal Connectors
Aluminum construction makes them suitable for secondary distribution systems and overhead
applications up to 35 kV.
Shear Bolt Connectors
Suitable for use in subterranean installations up to 35 kV with aluminum and copper conductors ranging
from #2 AWG compact stranded to 1000 kcmil concentric stranded class B.
Mechanical Cable Lugs
Intended for use in the termination of low and medium voltage cables up to 84 kV Mechanical lugs are
available in three sizes to accommodate conductors ranging in size from 25 mm2 to 400 mm2.
Mechanical Shear Bolt Connectors
Solid pins are intended for use in medium voltage applications when connecting to switchgear.
Mechanical Connectors & Repair Sleeves
Appropriate for low and medium voltage applications ranging from 1 kV to 42 kV Mechanical connections
are available in three sizes to accommodate conductor diameters ranging from 25 mm2 to 400 mm2.
High Voltage Rigid Bus Connectors
Connectors and clamps for rigid bus connections in AC and DC applications are available in Metric and
Imperial sizes.
TI NG SYST
U C EM
D
Flexible Ductwork
These ducts are generally tube-shaped and constructed of a wire coil wrapped in a pliable, durable plastic and
enclosed by insulation. Flexible ducting works best in intricate and problematic places where installing or using rigid
ducts to connect non-flexible ductwork to an air supply outlet is impractical.
Rigid Ductwork
Rigid duct systems are available in a number of materials and sizes, and they can be rectangular or cylindrical.
These ducts are frequently insulated. They are widely used because they are tough, long-lasting, and dependable.
Sheet Metal Ducts - Galvanized steel and aluminum are the most often used materials for sheet metal
ducts. Aluminum is both lightweight and simple to install.
Fiberglass Lined Ducts - It is more popular in office and commercial buildings since it helps to muffle the
sound of the air conditioner unit.
Fiberboard ducts - they are effectively insulated, they are useful for cooling and heating systems.
Semi-Rigid Ducts
Ventilation ducting is available, and semi-rigid ducting provides installers with certain advantages.
 DIFFERENT CONNECTORS

AND DUCTING SYSTEMS

What are the different connectors and ducting systems to be used for Cabling?

NNECTORS
CO
Horizontal Connectors
Horizontal connectors are the cables that link horizontal cross-connects, intermediate cross-connects, and main
cross-connects to the work area and terminate in telecommunications outlets (information outlets or wall plates). A
typical horizontal-cabling infrastructure radiating from a telecommunications room in a star topology.
Backbone Connectors
Vertical cabling, cross-connect cabling, riser cabling, and inter-closet cabling are other names for backbone
cabling. To link entry facilities, equipment rooms, and telecommunications rooms and enclosures, backbone cabling
is required. Backbone cabling includes not only the cables that link telecommunications rooms, equipment rooms,
and building entrances, but also the cross-connect cables, mechanical terminations, or patch cords that are used
for backbone-to-backbone cross-connection.
Work Area Connectors
The horizontal cable finishes at the wall outlet, also known as the telecommunications outlet, in the work area. Users
and telecommunications equipment connect to the structured-cabling infrastructure in the workplace.
Telecommunications Rooms and Telecommunications Enclosures
Telecommunications rooms (together with equipment rooms, sometimes known as wire closets) and
telecommunications enclosures are areas within a building where cabling components such as cross-connects and
patch panels can be found. The horizontal structured cabling originates in these rooms or enclosures.
Entrance Facility Connectors
The building entrance (entry facility) indicates the point in the building where cabling connects to the outside world.
External cabling (campus backbone, inter-building, antennae paths, and telecommunications provider) should enter
and exit the building through a single location.
Equipment Room Connectors
The equipment room, a concentrated place designated to contain more advanced technology than the entry
facility or telecommunications rooms. Telephone and data networking equipment, such as routers, switches, and
hubs, are frequently found there.

TI NG SYST
D UC EM
Metal Cable Ducts (Cable tray)
A cable tray is a mechanism that allows cables to travel securely and in one line through the ceiling or wall. Cable
trays are manufactured in various widths and lengths as U profiles from perforated sheets. They are appropriate
for many sorts of industrial applications, including those that need high concentrations of humidity or salt, or where
acids are utilized.
Busbar Distribution Systems
The busbar system is an energy distribution system that connects busbars to channels located on the ceiling.
Lighting and illumination installation can be done individually or simultaneously with this system.
 Horizontal

Transportation

System
Horizontal transportation refers to
the moving of people and products
from one level to another. The
adoption of this mode of
transportation will save humans
time and energy in their daily lives.

TYPES COMPONENTS

Lays on existing floors with no

Conveyor Belts
floor pits; has a low profile of
150mm; and reduces civil
Travellators, also known as horizontal engineering expenditures.
moving sidewalks, are slow-moving Installation and removal are
conveyor belts that people may walk or simple.
stand on. They are sometimes built in Easy to re-locate
pairs enabling movement in the Adaptable and modular
opposite direction. When there is a Walk-on, walk-off
significant distance between the hotel Non-slip ramps with a gentle
entrance and the reception area, incline
travellators may be employed. There is no need to dig costly
holes into the floor because it is
Electric Cars just 150mm deep.
Walkways with Two Handrails

An electric automobile is a 6- to 8-seater

open car that is powered by electricity. This
is an alternative to travellators that is
especially beneficial for impaired people.

Manual Trolley

A manual trolley is used to transfer a guest's

luggage.
 Vertical

Transportation

System
Vertical transportation is handy and
convenient, especially for the elderly
and those burdened with their
shopping load or luggage This sort of
transportation may be found in a
variety of office buildings, shopping
malls, airport terminals, and other
locations..
TYPES COMPONENTS

The pump pushes fluid from the

Stairs tank into a conduit that
connects to the cylinder.
Vertical movement of people and products is The tank is the power reservoir
widespread and necessary. It is also required The valve is located between the
as an escape route in the event of a building cylinder and the reservoir.
fire. In case of power loss, lifts do not work The valve is opened, the
and consequently staircase is the sole pressured fluid will follow the
solution for vertical mobility. route of least resistance back to
the fluid reservoir.
Elevators

Transportation equipment used to convey people Gravity Chutes

and stuff vertically. Elevators are typically
automated safety equipment used for up and
down movement. It is made up of a platform that Hotels employ gravity chutes to convey
travels in vertical guides in a shaft, as well as a soiled linen, rubbish, and waste from
lifting and lowering mechanism and a power different floors of the hotel to an outlet
supply. point (generally kept on the ground floor). It
is an efficient system since it requires less
electricity to operate. Gravity chutes save
Escalators employees motion and time while
increasing output.
A combination of elevator with the latin word for
stairs, "scala." Escalators are moving step lifts that
operate at a constant pace between two floors on
an inclined track to move a large number of
people quickly.
Conveying

System
Mechanical devices or assemblies that move
stuff with little effort While there are many
various types of conveyor systems, they
always include a frame that supports either
rollers, wheels, or a belt that moves things
from one location to another. They can be
powered by a motor, gravity, or by hand.
These material handling systems are available
in a wide range of configurations to
accommodate the various items or
commodities that must be carried.

TYPES

BELT CONVEYOR BALL TRANSFER CONVEYOR

Material handling systems that carry items or a set of ball casters put on the product to
materials using continuous belts. The belt is allow for unpowered, multi-directional
extended in an unending loop between two end- transport The material and size of the ball
pulleys, with a roll below one or both ends. are important criteria. Ball transfer
Conveyor belting is supported by rollers or a metal conveyors are utilized in a variety of
slider pan for small weights when no friction is material handling applications, including
given to the belt to generate drag. assembly lines and packaging lines.
ROLLER CONVEYOR SYSTEMS SLAT BELT CONVEYOR /
To carry merchandise by gravity or manually, APRON
parallel rollers set on frames are used. The roller To carry merchandise, slats or plates
diameter and axle center size are important composed of steel, wood, or other
parameters. Roller conveyors are commonly utilized materials are commonly fixed on roller
in material handling applications such as loading chains. There are no interlocking or
docks, luggage handling, and assembly lines, overlapping slats. Apron/slat conveyors
among others. are generally utilized in material handling
POWERED ROLLER applications such as foundries and steel
To transport things, motorized rollers placed on mills to move large, heavy things such as
frames are used. The drive type, roller diameter crates, drums, or pallets.
and material, and axle center size are all important
requirements. Powered roller conveyors are
generally employed in material handling
applications that need powered product
transportation.
 TYPES

BUCKET MAGNETIC
Bucket Conveyors or bucket elevators transport Magnetic Conveyors employ moving magnets
products or materials by attaching multi-sided installed beneath fixed plates, tables, or
containers to cables, belts, or chains. Along the other non-magnetic sliding beds to convey
system, the containers remain upright and are magnetic (ferrous) items, which are
tilted to discharge content. Bucket conveyors are frequently machining trash. Magnetic
utilized in components, bulk material, and food conveyors are often utilized as chip
processing and handling applications. conveyors in machining centers to remove
ferrous chips. Systems can be set to employ
OVERHEAD
horizontal, vertical, or a mix of the two.
Overhead Conveyors are suspended from the
ceiling and employ trolleys or carriers that are PNEUMATIC / VACUUM
moved by chains, cables, or other similar Pneumatic/Vacuum Conveyors convey
connections. Overhead conveyors are most goods or things in or through closed tubes,
commonly employed in material handling ducts, or along surfaces using air pressure or
applications where the product must be hung, vacuum. Pneumatic/vacuum conveyors are
such as dry-cleaning garment lines, paint lines, or typically utilized in materials handling
parts handling systems, as well as for cooling and applications including dust collection, paper
curing. handling, ticket distribution, and so on, as
well as processes like chemical, mineral,
WHEEL CONVEYOR
scrap, and food.
Wheel Conveyors employ gravity or physical
power to convey goods along their lengths using WALKING BEAM
unpowered wheels. Wheel conveyors are often Walking Beam Conveyors index workpieces
used for loading and unloading vehicles as well across production cells by combining static
as transporting packages, pallets, and other and moving supports. Walking beam
items through facilities or along assembly lines. conveyors are utilized in automation and
Depending on the weight requirements and assembly lines where objects must be
application, the conveyors are set by the number sequentially placed in particular positions.
of wheels and wheel spacing.
VIBRATING
SCREW / AUGER
Vibrating Conveyors transport material
Use screw conveyors to transport materials such
along their system beds using rotational or
as flakes, grains, powders, seeds, and granules.
linear vibration. Vibrating conveyors are
Alternatively, these devices can be used to mix,
used to transport dry, bulk commodities like
agitate or blend such materials, or to maintain
stone, gravel, and coal. The conveyor's bed
solutions. They are used widely in agricultural
vibrates to transport the material along its
applications, from use in farm machinery like
length. The conveyor might take the form of
threshers and balers to factory-based grain and
a trough, a tube, or a flat table top.
crop movers. A mini screw conveyor can also
Depending on the use, many sizes are
transport wet, non-flowing and caking materials
available.
that might otherwise be difficult to move, such as
concrete.
Material Literature
Specifications
BELT CONVEYOR
Belt speed for belt drive ranges from 2.6
m/min to 55 m/min
Belt speed for direct drive ranges from 2.6
m/min to 30 m/min
Low friction, high friction, accumulation, food
grade, cut and grease resistance, cleated for
slope transport, integrated belt side guides,
and so on.

CONVEYOR STAND
EN AW-6063-T66 clear anodized aluminum;
galvanized GD-Zn; galvanized steel; PA 6
composite or rubber
Low friction, high friction, accumulation, food
grade, cut and grease resistance, cleated for
slope transport, integrated belt side guides,
and so on.

TIMING BELT CONVEYOR

Fmax is the maximum total load of material to
be carried. Depending on the kind of drive,
4000 N or 6000 N

METALLIC \ NON- METALLLIC

Depending on the medium being transported,
the conveyor materials might be metallic or
non-metallic.
Specifications
Specifications
Specifications
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