Predictive Windshear System (PWS)

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 Aircraft Windshear Encounter (Landing)

INCREASING HEADWIND

DOWNDRAFT

DECREASING HEADWIND

RUNWAY

Horizontal wind

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 Reactive Windshear Detection Needs/Requirements

• Conventional reactive windshear detection

system:
– Sense surrounding atmospheric conditions
– Correlate with on-board aircraft inputs
– Determine if hazardous windshear conditions are
occurring
 Aircraft must already be experiencing flight degradation
before system can detect windshear and provide an alert
• Reactive systems notify the crew of a current encounter
with a windshear; providing minimal advance warning

• NASA studies show that as little as 10 seconds of advanced

warning prior to encountering a microburst provides a
significant improvement in pilot response and aircraft
recovery
– How to get the 10 seconds and more??
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Predictive Windshear

Forward Looking Windshear

Detection
Predictive Windshear

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 Microburst Wind Velocity Profile

As the air mass plummets toward earth,

the rain drops within it mainly have
vertical velocity.
Near the ground, air mass mushrooms
outward, giving rain drops both horizontal
Doppler Measurement Zone as well as vertical motion; the horizontal
rain drop velocity is measured by the radar.

Wind fields

+
Wind flow Range
Horizontal 0
Velocity
_
System F-factor = Aircraft F-factor - Air Mass F-factor

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 Predictive Windshear Detection

Key design challenges:

Highly Adaptive
• Windshears can be relatively devoid of Clutter Rejection
moisture, implying low radar (Patent #5,563,604)
reflectivity - Dry Microburst

• Windshears usually occur within the Stationary,

first 300 meters of the ground, thus Moving, and Superior
significant ground clutter is illuminated sidelobe clutter false alarm
elimination control
• Sidelobe Clutter elimination
Near Lossless
Best Solution Weather/Windshear
Doppler frequency digital signal discrimination
processing is the best approach

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 Windshear Operation
Weather Radar Display
Windshear Detection Mode
Characteristics:
•Automatic activation
•By altitude (Approach)
•By power setting (Take-off)
•Automatic control of the tilt
•Automatic control of the radar
parameters
Windshear Alert
•Alerts and Icon display
No Pilot Interpretation Is Required

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 Windshear Detection Azimuth Sector
Viewing Angles +/- 25 deg about Track
-40 degs -30 degs +30 degs +40 degs
Alerting
Angles
RDR-4B

Other PWS Radars

Windshear
Azimuth Scan

RDR-4B provides
superior windshear
detection coverage,
i.e, 40-68% greater,

Greater look-ahead coverage

during standard turns and
crabbed approaches

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Forward-looking Windshear Detection Operation
• Automatically functional below 2300 feet AGL
• Visual/aural alerts occur only below 1200 feet AGL
• Radar selected “off” in cockpit ( WX Not Displayed)
– System automatically turns on
– Radar automatically and continuously provides windshear
detection only
– Antenna tilt automatically set for optimum detection
– Aural Alerting
– Windshear Icon “Pop-up” upon detection (If WXR Display enabled)
• Radar selected “on” in cockpit (WX Displayed)
– Clockwise antenna scan:
 Selected radar mode (i.e., Weather, turbulence, ground map, test)
 Antenna tilt equal to that selected on control panel
 EHSI/ND Screen updated
– Counter-clockwise antenna scan:
 Radar automatically provides windshear mode
 Antenna tilt automatically set for optimum detection
 EHSI/ND Screen not updated

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 Windshear Detection and Alerting Zones
Aircraft
TAKE-OFF ROLL Altitude
(feet AGL)
AIRBORNE
2,300
Windshear Mode Active Windshear Mode Active
No Alerts/Displays No Alerts/Displays
1,500

1,200

~365

50
Range (NM) Range (NM)
0 0.5 1.5 3.0 5.0 0 0.5 1.5 3.0 5.0
0 deg.
0 deg.
-25 deg. +25 deg. -25 deg. +25 deg.

-40 deg. +/- 40 deg.

+40 deg.

5 NM

3 NM

Warning Area

1.5 NM
Caution Area

0.6 NM
0.6 NM
0.5 NM
0.5 NM

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 Windshear Caution Alerts

CAUTION
CAUTION
Takeoff Roll —
New Caution events inhibited above 80 kts and below 400 feet AGL
VISUAL: Amber “WINDSHEAR” annunciation on each EADI/PFD
PWS ICON on selected EHSI/ND
AURAL: “MONITOR RADAR DISPLAY”

Airborne—
Enabled between 1200 feet and 400 feet AGL
New CAUTION events inhibited below 400 feet AGL and above 80 Kts
VISUAL: Amber “WINDSHEAR” annunciation on each EADI/PFD
PWS ICON on selected EHSI/ND
AURAL: “MONITOR RADAR DISPLAY”

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 Windshear Warning Alerts

WARNING
WARNING
Takeoff Roll —
New WARNING events inhibited above 100 kts and below 50 feet AGL
VISUAL: Red “WINDSHEAR” annunciation on each EADI/PFD
PWS ICON on selected EHSI/ND
AURAL: “WINDSHEAR AHEAD WINDSHEAR AHEAD”

Airborne—
Enabled between 1200 feet and 50 feet AGL
New WARNING events inhibited below 50 feet AGL and above 100 Kts
VISUAL: Red “WINDSHEAR” annunciation on each EADI/PDF
PWS ICON on selected EHSI/ND
AURAL: “GO AROUND WINDSHEAR AHEAD”

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