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    Gutenberg 1958

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    clara97
    The document discusses two types of microseisms observed on Mount Palomar - six-second microseisms that can propagate over continental distances, and shorter two-second microseisms that originate near the coast and don't propagate farther than about ten wavelengths inland. The direction and characteristics of the microseisms were determined using a tri-partite seismic station array. Both microseism types have Rayleigh wave properties but the two-second waves exhibit a stronger vertical motion.

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    Gutenberg 1958

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    clara97
    21 views3 pages
    The document discusses two types of microseisms observed on Mount Palomar - six-second microseisms that can propagate over continental distances, and shorter two-second microseisms that originate near the coast and don't propagate farther than about ten wavelengths inland. The direction and characteristics of the microseisms were determined using a tri-partite seismic station array. Both microseism types have Rayleigh wave properties but the two-second waves exhibit a stronger vertical motion.

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    The document discusses two types of microseisms observed on Mount Palomar - six-second microseisms that can propagate over continental distances, and shorter two-second microseisms that originate near the coast and don't propagate farther than about ten wavelengths inland. The direction and characteristics of the microseisms were determined using a tri-partite seismic station array. Both microseism types have Rayleigh wave properties but the two-second waves exhibit a stronger vertical motion.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views3 pages

    Gutenberg 1958

    Uploaded by

    clara97
    The document discusses two types of microseisms observed on Mount Palomar - six-second microseisms that can propagate over continental distances, and shorter two-second microseisms that originate near the coast and don't propagate farther than about ten wavelengths inland. The direction and characteristics of the microseisms were determined using a tri-partite seismic station array. Both microseism types have Rayleigh wave properties but the two-second waves exhibit a stronger vertical motion.

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    of 3

    TWO TYPES OF MICROSE!

    SMS*

    BY PROF. B. GUTENBERG

    CaliforniaInstituteof Technology•
    Pasadena, California

    In general,microseisms
    are a nuisance.It is n9w quite widely agreedthat
    microseisms
    arechannel
    waves,
    similarin natureto theLg andRgwaves.
    It is
    not at all unusual to observemicroseismswhich have traveled over distancesof
    continentalproportions.In order to determine the direction from which the
    microseisms come and to investigate in more detail the characteristicsof micro-
    seismicdisturbances,we establisheda tri-partite system on Mount Palomar.
    The array consistedof three stations,located at the verticesof a triangle, which
    wasabout2,500 feet on a side.Two Benloftstrain seismographs and one Bentoff
    verticalpendulumseismographwere installedin a strain vault at one location.
    Onevertical pendulum seismographwas installed at a secondlocation, and two
    horizontaland one vertical pendulumseismographs were installedat a third loca-
    tion. Portions of the records which were obtained on two consecutivedays are
    included in Figure 1. The directionof approachcan be calculatedfrom the displace-
    mentbetweenthe peaks on the three verticals.These observationsindicatedthat
    the wavespractically always come from the coast. The direction of approach
    generally
    liesbetweennorth-northwest andsouth-southwest. The horizontalpendu-
    lumtracesin record(a) are parallel.This indicates'thatthe horizontalmotionis in a
    northeast-southwestdirectionand viceversa.Everything on record (a) pointsto a
    Rayleightype motion.Shearwavespredominateon record(b). The fact that the
    horizontalpendulumsare opposedto eachother indicatesthat the motionis in a
    northwest-southeast direction. The horizontal component of displacement is,
    therefore,
    perpendicularto the directionof propagation.The sum of strain com-
    ponentsis practicallyzero,asit shouldbe for a horizontallypolarizedshearwave.
    Theverticalpendulumsshowsomestoa1!motions.This is to be expected,since
    some Rayleightype motionis alwayspresent.Both of thesewavesare character~
    izedby six-second periods,but usuallythe Rayleightype motion predominates.
    Amongthe many other types of microseisms whichare observedare the two-
    secondmicroseisms with wavelengths betweenabout one-thirdand one-halfthe
    wavelengthof the six-secondwavesand practicallythe samevelocity.Thesewaves
    originate
    nearthe coast--probably onthe continental shelf.it is generallybelieved
    thatthey are generatedby turbulentair massesoverthe continentalshelf.The
    horizontal
    pendulumand the horizontalstrainseismographs showpracticallyonly
    thesix-secondwavesand very little of the shorterwaves.We werepuzzledby the
    [actthat here we had a wave which traveled with the Rayleigh wave velocity
    butpossessed mainlya verticalcomponent. Fortunately,Dr. Presscouldgive us
    theprobable solution.Drs. Ewingand Presshad demonstrated theoreticallythat
    *Contribution
    No. 881, Divisionof the Geological
    Sciences,
    CaliforniaInstitute of Tech~
    aology,
    Pasadena,
    California.
    595
    596

    Z
    CONFERENCE ON ELASTIC WAVE PROPAGATION 597

    thehigher modeRayleighwavescouldshowexactlythisbehavior.
    Thusfar, very
    littleis knownaboutthesewaves.Whereasthe six-second
    wavescan propagate
    across
    distancesof continentalproportions,the two-secondwaves are never
    observed
    veryfar inland.Ourobservations
    showthat theydonotpropagate
    beyond
    aboutten wavelengths.
    At the presenttime, I do not knowwhetherthis character-
    istichassomething
    to dowith the mechanism
    of propagatior•
    or with thestructure
    of California.
    DISCUSSION

    L. Knopoff: In someofourmodelexperiments, wehavefoundthat theRayleigh


    wavessuffera severeattenuationwhenthe topography is abouta quarterwave-
    length
    high.The two-second waveshavea quarterwavelength of about1,500
    meters.
    It is noteworthythat this is aboutthe heightof the transverseranges.
    B. Gutenberg: There are instances wherethe sourceis in the neighborhoodof
    Pasadena
    and yet a strongdecreasein the amplitudeof thesewavesis observed
    inRiverside.
    We knowthat in this areathe channelis very irregularand that,
    whilethis irregularitymay not effect the six-second
    waves,it might have an
    appreciableeffecton the two-second
    waves.

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