(SET B) MODEL ANSWERS

AKADEMI LAUT MALAYSIA

MATE & MASTER OF VESSEL MORE THAN 3000 GT
UNLIMITED VOYAGE

FINAL EXAMINATION
SHIPMASTER BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Time: 2 1/2 Hrs Marks: 100

Instructions

i) Answer ALL 5 Questions

ii) DO NOT make any marks on the question paper.
iii) The Question paper is to be returned to the Invigilator prior to leaving
the Examination Room
_________________________________________________________________________

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QUESTION 1

Q.1 (a) Briefly describe the three types of surveys required for an International Load Line
Certificate (ILLC)?

The three types of surveys required for an International Load Line Certificate (ILLC) are :
1. an initial survey before the ship is put into service, which must include a complete
inspection of its structure and equipment as required by the Regulations, to ensure that
the arrangements, materials and scantlings comply fully with the requirements of the
Regulations (regulation 8(1)(a)); (2M)
2. a renewal survey at intervals not exceeding 5 years, which is to ensure that the
arrangements, materials and scantlings comply fully with the requirements of the
Regulations (regulation 8(1)(b)); (2M)
3. an annual survey within 3 months either way of each annual anniversary date of the Load
Line Certificate, to ensure that no alterations have been made to the hull or superstructures
which would affect the basis on which the position of the load line had been assigned and
that the fittings and appliances for the protection of openings, the guard rails, the freeing
ports and the means of access to crew’s quarters are maintained in an effective condition
(regulation 8(1)(c)). (2M)

Q.1 (b) List any four items which are given particular attention in the Load Line annual survey?

The Items given particular attention in the annual loadline survey are: (1M each ttl 4M)
• hatchways;
• openings in the ship’s side below the freeboard deck and in the sides and ends of
enclosed superstructures;
• machinery casings, companionways and deckhouses;
• freeing port shutters;
• ventilators and air pipes;
• special fittings for ships marked with timber load lines;
• any departures from recorded conditions of assignment;
• positions of load line marks and deck line.

Q.1 (c) What is an Emission Control Area as defined in the revised MARPOL Annex VI?

An Emission Control Area means an area where the adoption of special mandatory measures
for emissions from ships is required to prevent, reduce and control air pollution from NOx or
SOx and particulate matter or all three types of emissions and their attendant adverse impacts
on human health and the environment. Emission control areas shall include those listed in, or
designated under, regulations 13 and 14 of this Annex (4M)

Q.1 (d) What sewage pollution prevention equipment must be fitted in a ship to which the
revised MARPOL Annex IV applies

Every ship which is required to comply with the provisions of Annex IV shall be equipped with
one of the following sewage systems:
1. a sewage treatment plant which shall be of a type approved by the Administration, taking
into account the standards and test methods developed by the Organization (2M)
2. a sewage comminuting and disinfecting system approved by the Administration. Such
system shall be fitted with facilities to the satisfaction of the Administration, for the temporary
storage of sewage when the ship is less than 3 nautical miles from the nearest land, (2M)
3. a holding tank of the capacity to the satisfaction of the Administration for the retention of all
sewage, having regard to the operation of the ship, the number of persons on board and other
relevant factors. The holding tank shall be constructed to the satisfaction of the Administration
and shall have a means to indicate visually the amount of its contents. (2M)

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QUESTION 2

Q.2 (a) What is the purpose of the FAL Convention 1965?

The purpose of the FAL Convention 1965 is to facilitate maritime transport by reducing paper
work, simplifying formalities, documentary requirements and procedures associated with the
arrival, stay and departure of ships engaged on international voyages. (4M)

Q.2 (b) Describes the 'no cure — no pay' principle in accordance with the International
Convention on Salvage, 1989 (The London Salvage Convention)

The 'no cure — no pay' principle means salvage operations which have had a useful result
give right to a reward but no payment is due if the salvage operations have had no useful
result. (4M)

Q.2 (c) States when should the Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement (LOF, 2000) be
used in case of a salvage situation.

The LOF 2000 should be used where the ship or marine environment are at risk and the
Master has insufficient time to request the owner to arrange salvage services on the basis of
a pre-agreed rate or sum. (4M)

Q.2 (d) Explain briefly what is the SCOPIC clause.

The Special Compensation P&I Clause or SCOPIC clause is a supplementary clause to

LOF2011, LOF2000 and LOF1995 salvage agreements that provides for an alternative
method of assessing Special Compensation to the method prescribed by Article 14 of the
International Convention on Salvage 1989. (4M)

Q.2 (e).1 What is a classification society?

A classification society is a non-governmental organization that establishes and maintains

technical standards for the construction and operation of ships and offshore structures. The
society will also validate that construction is according to these standards and carry out regular
surveys in service to ensure compliance with the standards. To avoid liability, they explicitly
take no responsibility for the safety, fitness for purpose, or seaworthiness of the ship. (4M)

QUESTION 3

Q. 3 (a) What is a general average act as defined in Rule A of the York-Antwerp Rules?

There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or
expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the
purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure. (3M)

Q. 3 (b) Give examples of general average acts allowed under York-Antwerp Rules?

Examples of General Average acts allowed under York-Antwerp Rules are: (1M each ttl 7M)
1. taking a tow to a port of refuge after a major machinery failure;
2. jettisoning or discharging cargo to aid refloating after stranding;
3. extinguishing a fire;
4. wetting previously undamaged cargo while extinguishing a fire (Damage caused by
the fire would be particular average, while damage by water would be general
average).
5. beaching a ship (“voluntary stranding”) to avoid foundering;

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 6. putting into a port of refuge during a loaded voyage due to fire, shifting of cargo,
collision, grounding, leakage, etc.;
7. putting into a port of refuge to effect essential hull or machinery repairs

Q.3 (c) What is a port of refuge? Give examples

A "port of refuge" is a port or place that a vessel diverts to when her master considers it unsafe
to continue the voyage due to a peril that threatens the "common safety", e.g. when there is a
dangerous ingress of water into the vessel, a dangerous shift of cargo, the vessel adopts an
angle of loll, there is a serious fire on board, etc (4M)

Q.3 (d) Outline the valid reasons for deviating to a port of refuge?

The valid reasons for deviating to a port of refuge are: (1M each ttl 6M)
1. weather, collision or grounding damage affecting seaworthiness of the ship;
2. serious fire;
3. dangerous shift of cargo;
4. serious machinery breakdown;
5. any other accident causing some serious threat to the vessel and cargo;
6. shortage of bunkers (if it can be proved that the vessel left port with adequate bunkers
for the foreseeable voyage, and ran short as a consequence of weathering
exceptionally severe weather, contamination, etc.)

QUESTION 4

Q. 4 (a) What is the purpose of the Ballast Water Management Convention, 2004?

The purpose of the BWM Convention, 2004, is to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic
organisms from one region to another by establishing standards and procedures for the
management and control of ships' ballast water and sediments. (4M)

Q. 4(b) What is a (i)“Port State” and (ii)“Port State Control?

(i)“Port State” is a State within whose territorial sea, a port or anchorage is situated eg
Malaysia is the port State of Port Kelang, Kuantan, Kuching. (3M)
(ii)"Port State Control" is the inspection of foreign ships present in a nation's ports for the
purpose of verifying that the condition of the ships and their equipment comply with the
provisions of international conventions and codes, and that the ships are manned and
operated in compliance with those provisions (3M)

Q. 4 (c) What is a regional Port State Control agreement and list any eight of the international
PSC agreements currently in force worldwide?

A regional Port State Control agreement set up under a “Memorandum Of Understanding"

(MOU) or similar accord between neighbouring port States, is a system of harmonised
inspection procedures designed to target substandard ships with the main objective being their
eventual elimination from the region covered by the MOU's participating States. (2M)

The eight International PSC agreements currently in force world-wide are: (1M each ttl 8M)
1. Paris MOU
2. Acuerdo de Viña del Mar (Latin-American Agreement)
3. Tokyo MOU
4. Caribbean MOU
5. Mediterranean MOU
6. Indian Ocean MOU

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 7. West & Central African MOU (Abuja MOU)
8. Black Sea MOU

QUESTION 5

Q. 5 MV ATLANTIC of 23460 tonnes deadweight on a summer draught of 12.24 metres and

TPC 32 is loading at Brisbane for Vancouver and is to call at Honolulu for bunkers and water.

Her daily fuel consumption is 36 tonnes and water consumption is 10 tonnes per day. A
reserve of 5 days fuel and water is to be kept on board at all times

Brisbane to Honolulu - 10 days (Tropical zone for 8.5 days then seasonal tropical zone in
summer season)
Honolulu to Vancouver - 6 days (Seasonal tropical zone in summer season for one day,
summer zone for 1.5 days then seasonal winter zone in winter season.

If the vessel had 640 tonnes of fuel, 160 tonnes of water and 400 tonnes of stores (negligible
amount used during voyage) on leaving Brisbane, how much fuel and water must she
replenish at Honolulu and how much cargo can she load at Brisbane?

By Load Line Rules, the tropical and winter deadweight is as follows :

Tropical deadweight = 23460 + (1/48 X 12.24 X 100 X 32) = 24276 T

Winter deadweight = 23460 - (1/48 X 12.24 X 100 X 32) = 22644 T
(2M)

Fuel onboard at Brisbane = 640 T

Consumption Brisbane to Honolulu (10 D x 36 T) = 360 T
Fuel on arrival at Honolulu = 280 T
Fuel required to reach Vancouver with 5 days reserve (6+5)X36 = 396 T
Amount of fuel to bunker in Honolulu (396 – 280) = 116 T
(4M)

Water onboard at Brisbane = 160 T

Consumption Brisbane to Honolulu (10 D x 10 T) = 100 T
Water on arrival at Honolulu = 60 T
Water required to reach Vancouver with 5 days reserve (6+5) X10 = 110 T
Amount of water to replenish in Honolulu (110 – 60) = 50 T
(4M)

Port/Item Assumed Allowed Excess/ Fuel Water

Shortage
Depart Brisbane 24276 24276 0 640 160
Consume fuel/water (8.5 days) -391 -306 -85
Arrive summer 23885 334 75
Consume fuel/water (1.5 days) -69 -54 -15
Arrive Honolulu 23816 23460 356 280 60
Replenish fuel/water (116+50) +166 +116 +50
Depart Honolulu 23982 23460 522 396 110
Consume fuel/water (2.5 days) -115 -90 -25
Arrive winter 23867 22644 1223 306 85
Consume fuel/water (3.5 days) -161 -126 -35
Arrive Vancouver 23706 22644 1062 180 50

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Assumed deadweight leaving Brisbane 24276 T
Maximum excess (or if no excess then minimum shortage) - 1223 T
Maximum permissible deadweight depart Brisbane 23053 T
ROB fuel/water/stores depart Brisbane (640+160+400) - 1200 T
Therefore maximum cargo to load at Brisbane 21853 T

(10M)