NZS 4219:2009

New Zealand Standard

Seismic performance of engineering

systems in buildings
Superseding NZS 4219:1983
NZS 4219:2009
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Committee Representation
This Standard was prepared under the supervision of the P 4219 Committee, which the Standards Council established

*
under the Standards Act 1988.

d
The committee consisted of representatives of the following nominating organisations:

n
Association of Consulting Engineers New Zealand (ACENZ)
BRANZ Ltd

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Business New Zealand

Department of Building and Housing
GNS Science

Ze
INGENIUM
Institute of Refrigeration, Heating and Air Conditioning
Engineers of New Zealand (IRHACE)

ew
Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand (IPENZ)
Local Government New Zealand (LGNZ)
Master Plumbers, Gasfitters and Drainlayers New Zealand Inc.
New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE)
sN
University of Canterbury
rd

Acknowledgement
da

Standards New Zealand gratefully acknowledges the contribution of time and expertise from all those involved in
1347890
202.56.51.79

developing this Standard.

an

Copyright
The copyright of this document is the property of the Standards Council. No part of it may be reproduced by photocopying
St

or by any other means without the prior written approval of the Chief Executive of Standards New Zealand unless the
circumstances are covered by Part III of the Copyright Act 1994.

Standards New Zealand will vigorously defend the copyright in this Standard. Every person who breaches Standards New
ht

Zealand’s copyright may be liable to a fine not exceeding $50,000 or to imprisonment for a term not to exceed three
months. If there has been a flagrant breach of copyright, Standards New Zealand may also seek additional damages from
rig

the infringing party, in addition to obtaining injunctive relief and an account of profits.
03
39
75
70
24
15

Published by Standards New Zealand, the trading arm of the Standards Council, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6140.
Telephone: (04) 498 5990, Fax: (04) 498 5994, Website: www.standards.co.nz.
py

AMENDMENTS
Co

No. Date of issue Description Entered by, and date

 Online Subscription Service PDF Terms & Conditions
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

•An Authorised User may download a single copy of a document and retain that copy on their personal
computer for a maximum of five working days for their internal purposes. At the expiry of five working
days, the Document must be deleted from the Authorised User’s computer.

*
•Each Authorised User may print one hard copy of any Document for their internal purposes. These copies

d
may not be used to build up a hard copy reference collection. A reference collection is defined as a
collection comprising more than 10% of the number of the Documents within the Authorised User’s

n
subscription portfolio. All hard copies of Documents must be destroyed on expiry of the subscription

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

period.
•Copyright subsists in each of the Documents and the full title to that copyright is at all times retained by
Standards New Zealand.

Ze
•Except as otherwise may be expressly permitted under the Copyright Act 1994 Authorised Users will
undertake not to copy, modify, merge with other software or documents, or circulate electronically without
securing the prior written permission of SNZ. .

ew
•Under no circumstance may a Document, whether in electronic or hard copy form, be sold, or transferred
to a third party.
•Under no circumstances may any Document be placed on a network of any sort without express
permission of SNZ. sN
•Authorised Users may not modify, adapt, translate, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or create
derivative works based on the Documents.
rd
•Right of access to the Subscription Service is personal to Authorised Users and can not be transferred,
sold, leased, rented or loaned via a timesharing, service bureau or other arrangement.
da

•All Authorised User identification information, including logins and passwords, are to be kept secret and
1347890
202.56.51.79

secure.
an

•No Authorised User may attempt to damage, interfere or harm the SNZ website, or any network, or system
underlying or connected to the Subscription Service.
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

202.56.51.79
1347890
Co
py
rig
ht
St
an

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da
NOTES

rd
sN
ew
Ze
ala
n d
*
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

202.56.51.79
1347890
Co
py
rig
ht
St
an

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da
rd buildings

sN
New Zealand Standard

ew
Ze
ala
engineering systems in

n
Seismic performance of

d
*

ISBN (PDF) 978-1-77551-995-9

ISBN (Print) 1-86975-114-0
NZS 4219:2009
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

202.56.51.79
1347890
Co
py
rig
ht
St
an

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da
NOTES

rd
sN
ew
Ze
ala
n d
*
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

CONTENTS
Committee representation........................................................................................... IFC

*
Acknowledgement....................................................................................................... IFC

d
Copyright..................................................................................................................... IFC

n
Referenced documents................................................................................................... 7

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Latest revisions................................................................................................................ 8
Review of Standards....................................................................................................... 8
Foreword......................................................................................................................... 9

Ze
Outcome statement......................................................................................................... 9

Section

ew
1 Scope and interpretation..................................................................................... 11
1.1 Scope........................................................................................................ 11


1.2
1.3
sN
Interpretation............................................................................................. 12
Compliance with New Zealand Building Code.......................................... 12
1.4 Definitions................................................................................................. 13
rd
1.5 Notation.................................................................................................... 16
2 General requirements......................................................................................... 17
da

1347890
2.1 Objectives................................................................................................. 17
202.56.51.79

2.2 Criteria...................................................................................................... 17
an

2.3 General requirements for engineering systems subject to

earthquake actions................................................................................... 17
2.4 Proprietary components............................................................................ 20
St

3 Non-specific design of restraint systems............................................................ 21

3.1 General..................................................................................................... 21
ht

3.2 Design procedure..................................................................................... 21

3.3 Classification............................................................................................. 22
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

3.4 Earthquake load demand.......................................................................... 23

3.5 Relative seismic displacement.................................................................. 28
3.6 Linear components................................................................................... 29
py

3.7 Floor-mounted components...................................................................... 33

3.8 Suspended components........................................................................... 40
Co

3.9 Miscellaneous components...................................................................... 41

3.10 Fixings...................................................................................................... 41
3.11 Braces....................................................................................................... 45
4 Specific design of restraint systems................................................................... 50
4.1 General..................................................................................................... 50
4.2 Earthquake actions................................................................................... 50

3
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

4.3 Design....................................................................................................... 51
4.4 Fixings...................................................................................................... 51

*
4.5 Testing...................................................................................................... 52
5 Specific requirements......................................................................................... 54

d
5.1 Application................................................................................................ 54

n
5.2 Interaction between components.............................................................. 54

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

5.3 Brittle components.................................................................................... 55

5.4 Plinths....................................................................................................... 55

Ze
5.5 Vibration isolated and resilient mountings................................................ 56
5.6 Tanks and vessels.................................................................................... 57
5.7 Flues and stacks....................................................................................... 57

ew
5.8 Piping systems.......................................................................................... 58
5.9 Ducting...................................................................................................... 64
5.10 Hazardous substances............................................................................. 64

sN
5.11 Non-essential electrical service................................................................ 65
5.12 Emergency electrical systems.................................................................. 66
rd
5.13 Suspended ceilings, equipment supported by the ceiling, . .........................
and equipment in ceiling voids.................................................................. 66
5.14 Luminaires................................................................................................ 67
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

5.15 Independently suspended ceiling components......................................... 67

5.16 Communication, data, and control systems.............................................. 67
an

Appendix
St

A Building importance levels (Normative).............................................................. 68

B Component classifications (Normative).............................................................. 70
ht

C Performance factors (Normative)........................................................................ 71

D Example calculations (Informative)..................................................................... 72
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Table
1 Classification of importance level....................................................................... 22
py

2 Determination of category................................................................................... 22
3 Zone factors for New Zealand locations (north to south).................................... 24
Co

4 Performance factors........................................................................................... 27
5 Determination of component risk factor.............................................................. 27
6 Spacing of transverse pipe restraints................................................................. 30
7 Spacing of longitudinal pipe restraints................................................................ 31
8 Woodscrew design strengths.............................................................................. 41
9 Coach screw design strengths............................................................................ 42
10 Capacities of bolts in shear................................................................................. 42

4
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

11 Design strength of bolts embedded in concrete masonry................................... 44

12 Specification for brace and fastener materials.................................................... 45

*
13 Capacity of braces in tension.............................................................................. 46

d
14 Capacity of braces in compression..................................................................... 48
15 Clearances.......................................................................................................... 54

n
16 Reinforcement requirements for plinths.............................................................. 55

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Figure

Ze
1 Illustration of terms............................................................................................. 15
2 Zone factor, Z...................................................................................................... 26
3 Restraint of linear components........................................................................... 29

ew
4 Forces on linear components............................................................................. 32
5 Forces on floor-mounted components................................................................ 33
6 Forces on tall braced components...................................................................... 34
7
sN
Forces on floor-mounted components using type 1 mounts without snubbers.... 36
8 Forces on floor-mounted components using type 2 mounts with snubbers......... 37
9 Anchor bolt force calculation of independent fixings such as used
rd
for vibration-isolated components....................................................................... 39
10 Forces on suspended components..................................................................... 40
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

11 Design strengths of bolts cast in concrete.......................................................... 43

12 Typical detail of bolt cast into concrete masonry................................................ 44
an

13 Bolted and welded brace fixings......................................................................... 47

14 Fully welded base plate fixing............................................................................. 49
St

15 Typical plinth details............................................................................................ 55

16 Pipework restraints............................................................................................. 61
ht

17 Examples of pipework restraint........................................................................... 62

D1 Boiler example and force diagram...................................................................... 73
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

D2 Side elevation of ventilation duct example.......................................................... 75

D3 Final layout of the duct and supports.................................................................. 76
D4 Pressure tank example and force diagram......................................................... 77
py

D5 Alternative solution for pressure tank bracing..................................................... 78

D6 Thin walled water tank force diagram................................................................. 82
Co

D7 Final layout of thin-walled tanks and supports.................................................... 84

D8 Pipe loop crossing seismic break....................................................................... 86
D9 Examples of flexible couplings............................................................................ 87
D10 Air conditioner suspended below a concrete slab.............................................. 88
D11 Bracing layout for air conditioner suspended 400 mm below
concrete slab...................................................................................................... 89
D12 Air conditioner (suspended 400 mm) force diagram........................................... 89

5
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D13 Force diagram for air conditioner (suspended 400 mm) anchor size................. 90
D14 Bracing layout for air conditioner suspended 1000 mm below concrete slab..... 92

*
D15 Air conditioner (suspended 1000 mm) force diagram......................................... 92

d
D16 Force diagram for air conditioner (suspended 1000 mm) anchor size............... 93
D17 Oil supply tank bracing layout............................................................................. 94

n
D18 Oil supply tank (plant room) force diagram......................................................... 95

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

D19 Oil supply tank (not located in plant room) force diagram.................................. 99
D20 Plinth layout and force diagram........................................................................ 101

Ze
D21 Electrical cabinet example and force diagram.................................................. 102
D22 Ventilating fan layout......................................................................................... 105

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

6
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Referenced Documents
Reference is made in this document to the following:

*
d
NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS
NZS 1170: - - - - Structural design actions

n
Part 5:2004 Earthquake actions – New Zealand

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

NZS 3101.1 and 2:2006 Concrete structures Standard

NZS 3404.1 and 2:1997 Steel structures Standard
NZS 3501:1976 Specification for copper tubes for water, gas, and sanitation

Ze
NZS 3603:1993 Timber structures Standard
NZS 4230:2004 Design of reinforced concrete masonry structures
NZS 4541:2007 Automatic fire sprinkler systems

ew
JOINT AUSTRALIAN/NEW ZEALAND STANDARDS
AS/NZS 1170: - - - - Structural design actions
Part 0:2002
Part 1:2002
General principles sN
Permanent, imposed and other actions
Part 2:2002 Wind actions
Part 3:2003 Snow and ice actions
rd
AS/NZS 1664: - - - - Aluminum structures
Part 1:1997 Limit state design
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
AS/NZS 2785:2000 Suspended ceilings – Design and installation
AS/NZS 3679.1:1996 Structural steel – Hot-rolled bars and sections
AS/NZS 4600:2005 Cold-formed steel structures
an

AS/NZS 4673:2001 Cold-formed stainless steel structures

St

AMERICAN STANDARD
ACI 355.2/355.2R-01 Evaluating the performance of post-installed mechanical anchors
in concrete and commentary
ht

AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

AS 1163:1991 Structural steel hollow sections

AS 1111.1:2000 ISO metric hexagon bolts and screws – Product grade C –
py

Bolts
AS 1112.3:2000 ISO metric hexagon nuts – Product grade C
Co

BRITISH STANDARDS
BS 1387:1985 Specification for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars
and for plain end steel tubes suitable for welding or for screwing
to BS 21 pipe threads

BS EN ISO 7500-1:2004 Metallic materials. Verification of static uniaxial testing machines.
Tension/compression testing machines. Verification and
calibration of the force-measuring system

7
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Other Publications
Tauby, J R, Lloyd, R, A practical guide to seismic restraint, Sheet Metal and Air

*
Nice, T, and Tunnissen, J. Conditioning Contractors’ National Association (SMACNA), 1999.

ASCE 7-05. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures,

d
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2005.

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

New Zealand Legislation

Chartered Professional Engineers of New Zealand Act 2002
Local Government Act 2002

Ze
New Zealand Building Code (NZBC) and Compliance Documents

Latest Revisions

ew
The users of this Standard should ensure that their copies of the above-mentioned
Standards are the latest revisions. Amendments to referenced New Zealand and Joint

sN
Australian/New Zealand Standards can be found on www.standards.co.nz.

Review of Standards
rd
Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will be welcomed. They should be sent to
the Chief Executive, Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6140.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

8
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Foreword
Non-structural components and contents may be a hazard to a building’s occupants

*
and cause damage during an earthquake. They may also be required to support critical

d
services after an earthquake.

n
NZS 4104:1994 Seismic restraint of building contents provides requirements for restraining
building contents to resist seismic actions. This Standard (NZS 4219:2009) provides

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

requirements for restraining engineering systems in buildings to resist seismic actions.

NZS 4219:2009 specifically excludes lifts and escalators, and fire sprinkler system pipework

Ze
because they are already provided for by NZS 4332:1997 Non-domestic passenger and
goods lifts and NZS 4541:2007 Automatic fire sprinkler systems respectively.

A revision of NZS 4219:1983 commenced in 2000. However, the revision was put on hold

ew
while a review of the loading values within NZS 4203:1992, which underpin this Standard,
was undertaken. NZS 4203:1992 has since been superseded by the AS/NZS 1170 series
of Standards.

sN
NZS 4219:1983 has now been updated to be consistent with the loading values and
requirements from the AS/NZS 1170 series of Standards, given in limit state design.
This revision also reflects changes in technology and practice for installing engineering
rd
systems.

Guidance and requirements for non-specific design are set out in sections 3 and 5, and
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
for specific design in sections 4 and 5.

Examples of the application of this Standard for restraining common engineering systems
an

are given in Appendix D.

St

Outcome Statement
NZS 4219 will continue to prevent loss of life and provide protection of property for all
New Zealanders by ensuring engineering systems in buildings are securely restrained
ht

in an earthquake. Where the engineering system supports critical lifesaving functions, it

continues to function during and after an earthquake.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

9
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

202.56.51.79
1347890
Co
py
rig
ht
St
an

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da
NOTES

rd
sN
ew
Ze
ala
n d
*
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

NEW ZEALAND STANDARD

Seismic performance of engineering systems

*
in buildings

n d
1 Scope and interpretation

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

1.1 Scope
This Standard sets out the criteria for the seismic performance of engineering systems

Ze
related to a building’s function. It covers the design, construction, and installation of seismic
restraints for these engineering systems. Verification of the supporting structure for gravity
and seismic actions is outside the scope of this Standard.

ew
For engineering systems which enter or exit the building through foundations into the
surrounding ground, only those items within one metre outside the footprint of the building
are included.

sN
The provisions of the Standard may be used for services in new or existing buildings, and
for the purpose of retrofitting engineering systems into existing buildings.

C1.1
rd
Verification of the supporting structure will require consideration of both the local and
the global transfer of loading into the structure, for example, heavy plant placed on
hollowcore floor slabs and thin toppings.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

1.1.1 The following items are included in the scope of this Standard, except as specifically
excluded in 1.1.2:
an

(a) All engineering systems necessary to ensure compliance of the building with the
New Zealand Building Code;
St

(b) All engineering systems essential for the normal functioning of the building; and
(c) Building Compliance Schedule items, such as emergency lighting.

1.1.2 The following items are excluded from the scope of this Standard:
ht

(a) Engineering systems in buildings of importance level 5, as defined in AS/NZS 1170.0;

rig

(b) Individual components with a mass exceeding 20% of the combined mass of
3
03
39
75
70
24
15

the component and the building structure, and with a period of greater than
0.2 seconds;
py

(c) Items supported on the ground independently of the building, and external to the
building;
(d) Lifts (including guide rails) and escalators;
Co

(e) Contents of buildings including portable appliances, and items which are not attached
to the building structure;
(f) Fire sprinkler system pipework; and
(g) Suspended ceilings.

C1.1.2
Fire sprinkler systems require specialist specific design. Fire sprinkler system pipework
should comply with NZS 4541, while items such as water storage tanks, fire pumps,
diesel fuel tanks, and the like can be designed in accordance with this Standard.
Suspended ceilings should be designed in accordance with AS/NZS 2785.

11
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

1.2 Interpretation
1.2.1 Clauses

*
For the purpose of this Standard, the word ‘shall’ refers to requirements that are essential

d
for compliance with the Standard, while the word ‘should’ refers to practices that are

n
advised or recommended.

Clauses prefixed ‘C’ and printed in italics are intended as comments on the corresponding

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

clauses. They are not to be taken as the only or complete interpretation. The Standard
can be complied with if the comment is ignored.

Ze
1.2.2 Appendices

The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part

ew
of a Standard while an ‘informative’ appendix is for information and guidance only.

1.3 Compliance with New Zealand Building Code

1.3.1
sN
The intent of this Standard is to provide a means of compliance with the following
requirements of the New Zealand Building Code (NZBC):
rd
Clause B1 Structure B1.3.1 and B1.3.2 for loads from B1.3.3 (f), (m), and
(p), that is, for loads arising from earthquakes and
da

earthquake actions.
1347890
202.56.51.79

Clause G10 Piped services G10.3.1(a) and (c), to prevent leakage, damage or
adverse interaction between services arising from
an

earthquakes and earthquake actions.

Clause G12 Water supplies An acceptable alternative to the restraint systems

St

specified for water tanks and hot water cylinders

specified in Acceptable Solution G12/AS1.
ht

Clause G14 Industrial liquid waste G14.3.1(a) and with paragraph 3.2.1 of Verification
Method G14/VM1, that is, for free-standing tanks,
loads, and deformations from earthquakes and
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

earthquake actions.

1.3.2 Sections 1, 2, 3, and 5, and Appendices A, B, and C of this Standard are intended to be used
py

as an Acceptable Solution to achieve compliance with NZBC B1, G10, G12, and G14.

Sections 1, 2, 4, and 5, and Appendices A, B, and C of this Standard are intended to be used
Co

as a Verification Method to achieve compliance with NZBC B1, G10, G12, and G14.

C1.3.2
The citation of AS/NZS 1170 as part of the NZBC Verification Method B1/VM1 in
Compliance Document B1 Structure is made on the basis that the person responsible
for the interpretation and application of its provisions has relevant experience and skills
in structural engineering. A structural engineer who is chartered under the Chartered
Professional Engineers of New Zealand Act 2002 would satisfy this requirement.

12
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Where this Standard has provisions that are unbounded, that is in non-specific or
unquantified terms (such as where provisions are required to be appropriate, adequate,

*
suitable, and the like), then these will not be considered as part of the Verification Method
or Acceptable Solution, and require the approval of the territorial authority.

n d
1.3.3 When this Standard is used as part of the means for compliance with the NZBC as part of a
Verification Method an engineer experienced in structural engineering such as a chartered

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

professional engineer with relevant experience and skills in structural engineering shall
be responsible for interpreting the requirements of this Standard.

Ze
On this basis, engineering judgement and rational analysis may be applied provided that
the outcome is bounded by defined engineering criteria.

ew
1.4 Definitions
For the purpose of this Standard the following definitions shall apply:

Anchor
sN
A fastener installed into concrete and concrete masonry used
to transfer seismic forces from the component or its restraints
to the supporting building structure. An anchor may be cast into
wet concrete, or post-fixed after the concrete has hardened (see
rd
figure 1)

Brace An element of the restraint system used to transfer seismic force

da

from the component to the supporting structure (see figure 1)

1347890
202.56.51.79
an

Brittle component A component which lacks ductility

Building services See Engineering systems

St

Capacity Design strength of a structural element. Equivalent to the ‘nominal

capacity’ multiplied by the ‘strength (or capacity) reduction factor’,
as defined in New Zealand material design Standards
ht

Component An individual part of a building services or engineering systems

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

installation. It is an item that can be considered separately/

independently for the purposes of assessing seismic resistance. In
the case of items with one significant linear dimension, each straight
py

length may be considered as a single component for the purpose of

designing seismic restraints or fixings (see figure 1)
Co

Connection An electrical or mechanical interface between a component and the

remainder of the engineering systems (see figure 1)

Ductility The ability of equipment or a component to undergo repeated and

reversing inelastic deflections beyond the point of first yield while
maintaining a substantial proportion of its initial maximum load-
carrying capacity

Ducting Sheet metal or other enclosure for air, gas, smoke, or vapour
distribution or extraction from building

13
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Earthquake load The inertial load on a component caused by earthquake actions

demand on the building

*
Engineering Non-structural systems permanently installed in a building, and

d
systems providing environmental control, water, gas, steam, electrical
or communications services, and active fire suppression or

n
fighting systems

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Fastener A prefabricated item used to transfer loads between the

elements of a restraint system (see figure 1). Fasteners include

Ze
wood screws, coach screws, bolts, concrete anchors, and
inserts

Fixing A structural attachment between a component and the

ew
supporting building structure, or between elements of a seismic
restraint system, designed and installed to transfer earthquake
induced forces (see figure 1)

sN
Hazardous substances A substance which, if released, could cause injury to the
building’s occupants, either directly or as a consequence of
some secondary effect, such as fire or explosion
rd

Importance level A classification of the building on the basis of its consequences

da

of failure. It is determined in accordance with its occupancy

and use, and as further defined in AS/NZS 1170.0
1347890
202.56.51.79
an

Linear component A component with one significant linear dimension and includes
pipes, ducts, and cable trays
St

Longitudinal restraint A structural assemblage of elements designed and installed

to transfer earthquake-induced forces in the direction of the
longitudinal axis of a linear component
ht

Luminaire Lighting fixture

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Operating weight The weight of a component in normal operating conditions. It

includes the weight of any contents (such as fuel) likely to be
py

present under normal operating conditions. In the case of a

tank or pipeline, the operating weight includes the contents up
to overflow level
Co

Orthogonal directions Two directions perpendicular to each other. Usually, but not
necessarily, oriented in the same direction as the building

Proprietary equipment Equipment intended for general use in any building and forming
part of a supplier’s normal product range

Relative displacement The estimated maximum relative movement between items of

equipment or between equipment and the building elements
under conditions of earthquake loading

14
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Resilient mount A base designed to support equipment but isolate the

transmission of vibration to or from the structure

*
Seismic restraint A structural assemblage of elements designed and installed to

d
transfer earthquake-induced forces from a component to the
supporting structure (see figure 1)

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Snubber A device used with a resilient mounting to limit movement of

a component under seismic actions

Support

Ze
A structural assemblage of elements, designed and installed
to transfer gravity loads from a component to the supporting
structure (see figure 1)

ew
Supporting structure The primary earthquake resisting structure of the building in
which the engineering systems are installed (see figure 1)

Territorial authority sN
A city or district council as defined by section 5 of the Local
Government Act

Transverse restraint A structural assemblage of elements designed and installed

rd
to transfer earthquake induced forces in the direction
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of a linear component
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

an

Seismic restraint

Fixing
Fixing
St

Brace

Connection Fastener
ht
Supporting structure

Br

Component
ac
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
e
py

Support
Co

Supporting structure

Anchor

Figure 1 – Illustration of terms

15
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

1.5 Notation
For the purpose of this Standard the following notation shall apply:

*
Notation Description

d
θ Angle of the brace
b Dimension from support to centre of gravity

n
B Spacing of supports in the direction being considered

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Bsnubber Snubber width

C Lateral force coefficient
CH Height coefficient

Ze
Cp Performance factor
D Relative seismic displacement
F Earthquake load demand

ew
Fph Seismic horizontal force
Fpv Seismic vertical force
h
H
Height from support to centre of gravity
Height from lower fixing to upper support
sN
Hz Height between fixing points
i
rd
Impact factor
Md Design actions resulting from relative displacements
Mi
da

Design actions resulting from earthquake load demand

1347890
202.56.51.79

M* Total seismic action on component

n Number of supports or fixings acting in tension in the direction being considered
an

nbolt Number of anchor bolts

N Number of supports/Anchors
St

P Brace force
Pc Maximum compression
Px Orthogonal lateral restraints in line with centre of gravity direction x
ht

Py Orthogonal lateral restraints in line with centre of gravity direction y

Rc Component risk factor
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Rh Horizontal force on the anchor, assembly or support

Rvc Vertical force on the anchor, assembly or support – compression
py

R vt Vertical force on the anchor, assembly or support – tension

T bolt Tension per anchor bolt

V bolt
Co

Shear per anchor bolt

W Operating weight of the component
Z Zone factor

16
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

2 General requirements
2.1 Objectives

*
The objectives of this Standard are to safeguard people from injury and to minimise damage

d
by preventing failure of engineering systems when subject to earthquake actions.

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

2.2 Criteria
All components of engineering systems shall be configured with a clearly defined load
path to transfer the actions (horizontal and vertical) generated in an earthquake, together

Ze
with the gravity loads, and process induced actions (for example, thermal expansion) to
the supporting structure.

Engineering systems shall be designed, constructed and installed so that the following

ew
criteria are met:
(a) Components representing a hazard (classification P1, P2, P3) will not collapse,
rupture or lose support after an Ultimate Limit State (ULS) earthquake;
(b) sN
Components required for emergency evacuation (classification P4) will not collapse,
rupture or lose support after an ULS earthquake;
(c) Components required for operational continuity (classification P5) within buildings of
rd
importance level 4 are restrained in a manner so that the system is able to continue to
perform its functions after a Serviceability Limit State 2 (SLS2) earthquake; and
(d) All components are restrained in a manner so that the system retains its structural
da

and operational integrity without requiring repairs after a Serviceability Limit

1347890
202.56.51.79

State 1 (SLS1) earthquake.

an

The classification of components of engineering systems is set out in 3.3.2.

Building importance levels are reproduced in Appendix A, and summarised in table 1.
St

ULS, SLS1, and SLS2 earthquakes are as defined in NZS 1170.5.

2.3 General requirements for engineering systems subject

ht

to earthquake actions
rig

3
03
39
75

2.3.1 Seismic considerations

70
24
15

The arrangement and layout of engineering systems within the building shall allow for
earthquake actions.
py

The location, design, construction, and installation of engineering systems within the
building shall be such as to reduce life and injury hazards and shall protect property and
Co

systems from damage or loss of function to the level as required by criteria set out in 2.2.

C2.3.1
When designing a building, consider the role of engineering systems in protecting life and
property and providing a safe egress from the building, as well as the seismic resistance
of the services and their components. The basic concepts of a building layout should
be examined against the likely effect of earthquakes on the particular building. ➤

17
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

The following points are of special significance:

( a) The effect of heavy equipment on the structure and other building components

*
should be considered. Heavy equipment breaking loose is a potential source of injury
and building damage. The location of heavy plant at a high level within the building

d
not only adds to the earthquake loading, but it may require some main reticulation

n
pipes and electric power to run the full height of the building, requires pumps for
water, and it makes the changing of plant or temporary replacement difficult;

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

( b) The seismic resistance of public utility services, including connections and accessories
should be assessed. The need to both reduce the probability of damage and to provide
for connection of temporary alternative services should be assessed. Vehicle

Ze
access, mains pipe connections, the position of shut-off valves, meters, risers, and main
reticulation are all important. These services require clear identification;
( c) Where gas or other hazardous substances may leak, it may be an advantage to

ew
install seismically operated shut-off valves;
( d) Close liaison is needed between the services, the structural and the architectural
designers;

sN
( e) The consequences as a result of an earthquake of leakage from pipes and vessels
should be considered; and
( f) There could be a risk of flooding to electric power supply substations, main
switchboards and the emergency standby power plant located below ground floor
rd
level.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
2.3.2 Interactions

Each component’s seismic interaction with all other relevant connected building parts, and
an

with the supporting structure, shall be accounted for in the design.

C2.3.2
St

There are two types of seismic interactions:

( a) A system interaction is a spurious or erroneous signal resulting in unanticipated
operating conditions, such as the spurious start-up of a pump motor or the unintended
ht

closure of a valve;
( b) Spatial interactions are interactions caused by the failure of a structure or component
rig

3
03
39
75
70

in close proximity.
24
15

patial interactions can, in turn, be further divided into falling interactions, swing
S
interactions, and spray interactions. A falling interaction is an impact on a critical
py

component due to the fall of overhead or adjacent equipment or structure. A swing

interaction is an impact due to the swing or rocking of adjacent components or
suspended systems. A spray interaction is due to the leakage of overhead or adjacent
Co

piping or vessels.

he process of considering seismic interactions begins with an interaction review. For

T
new structures, this involves examination of the design drawings, to identify the
interaction targets, and credible and significant sources of interaction. In many cases,
the design documents may show components and systems in schematic terms only. The
actual location of, for example, piping and ductwork systems is determined in the field.
In this case, and where work is being performed on an existing structure, it is necessary
to begin the interaction review with a walk around taking photos.

18
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

2.3.3 Non-seismic requirements

When undertaking seismic design of engineering systems, consideration shall be given to

*
important non-seismic requirements outside the scope of the NZBC that may be affected
by seismic bracing.

d
C2.3.3

n
For example, thermal expansion is often a critical design consideration in piping systems,

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

and bracing is to be arranged in a manner that accommodates thermal movements. The

design for seismic loads should not compromise the functionality, durability, or safety
of the overall system and this may require substantial collaboration and cooperation
between the various disciplines in the design team. In some cases, such as for essential

Ze
facilities or hazardous environments, performance levels higher than those required by
the NZBC (for example, operability of a piping system, rather than just leak tightness)
should be considered.

ew
or some components, such as roof-mounted equipment, the wind design forces may
F
be higher than the seismic design forces. Wind forces should be assessed in accordance
with AS/NZS 1170.2.

2.3.4 Fixings and attachments

sN
Components shall be fixed or attached to the supporting structure so that seismic forces
rd
are transferred to the structure. Such fixings shall be designed without consideration of
frictional resistance produced by the effects of gravity.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

A continuous load path of sufficient strength and stiffness between the component and
the supporting structure shall be verified. Local elements of the supporting structure shall
an

be designed for the seismically induced component forces in addition to normal design
loads.

C2.3.4
St

Friction produced solely by the effects of gravity cannot be relied on to resist seismic
forces, as equipment and fixtures often tend to ‘walk’ due to rocking when subjected
to earthquake actions. Often this is accentuated by vertical ground motions. Because
ht

such frictional resistance cannot be relied upon, positive restraint must be provided for
each component.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

here components are fixed to non-structural elements of the building, such elements
W
should be checked to verify that their load-carrying capacity is adequate.
py

epending on the specifics of the design condition, ductile design of anchors in concrete
D
or masonry may be needed to satisfy one or all of the following objectives:
(a) To ensure adequate load redistribution between anchors in a group;
Co

(b) To allow for anchor overload without precipitous failure; and/or

(c) To dissipate seismic energy.

nless specific attention is paid to the conditions necessary to ensure the desired
U
hysteretic response (adequate gauge length, anchor spacing, edge distance, steel
properties, and so forth), it is not recommended that anchors be relied upon for energy
dissipation. Although the anchor can provide the transfer of load from a relatively
deformable material (such as steel) to a low deformability material (such as concrete
or masonry), achieving deformable, energy-absorbing behaviour in the anchor itself is
often difficult. ➤
19
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

n the other hand, the concept of providing a fuse, or deformable link, in the load path
O
to the anchor is encouraged. This approach allows the designer to provide the necessary

*
level of ductility and overstrength in the fixing, while at the same time protecting
the anchor from overload. It also eliminates the need to balance steel strength and

d
deformability in the anchor with variable edge distances and anchor spacings.

n
2.4 Proprietary components

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Performance of proprietary components, whether manufactured in New Zealand or

overseas, shall meet the criteria of 2.2.

Ze
Fixing of the component to provide seismic restraint shall comply with all provisions of
this Standard.

C2.4

ew
Components of equipment of standard manufacture designed and constructed in New
Zealand, but not intended for a specific building, system, or position within a building
should be subject to all the provisions of this Standard.

F sN
or the seismic design of the component itself, the most onerous assumptions regarding
importance level of the intended building, category of use of the component, and position
of the component within the building should be made to ensure the widest possible
rd
applicability. Seismic design of the component’s fixings and bracing may then be made
specifically for the application using the provisions of this Standard.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
omponents of equipment of standard manufacture should be verified as complying
C
with all the relevant provisions of this Standard. Verification should be in accordance
with section 4 of this Standard, by either calculation or testing.
an

here an overseas Standard provides the basis for the seismic resistant design of the
W
component, that Standard may be used for verification provided the design earthquake
St

actions are not less than those determined from section 4.

ethods of fixing to the structure and bracing should comply with all provisions of this
M
Standard.
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

20
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3 Non-specific design of restraint systems

3.1 General

*
This section sets out the methodology to be used for design of component restraint systems

d
to resist the following actions:

n
(a) Earthquake actions exerting horizontal forces on all components within or attached

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

to a building; and
(b) Earthquake actions causing relative displacements of floors within a building which
will induce forces on all components attached to multiple floor levels.

Ze
3.2 Design procedure
The design procedure consists of three steps, which shall be followed for each component

ew
of each of the relevant criteria:
(a) Determination of earthquake demand;
(b) Determination of the forces on the restraint system; and
(c) sN
Design of all the elements of the restraint system.

NOTE – The design objective has been achieved when the capacities of the restraint systems
provided for all components equal or exceed the earthquake demand.
rd
3.2.1 Determination of earthquake demand
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
Determine the earthquake demand on all components of engineering systems within the
building. The procedure for determination of demand shall be as follows:
(a) Classify the building and components using 3.3;
an

(b) Determine the earthquake load demand (that is static forces) from 3.4; and
(c) Determine the relative displacement from 3.5.
St

NOTE – Relative displacement from item (c) may be applicable to all systems.

3.2.2 Determination of restraint forces

ht

Determine the required restraint forces on all components. The procedure for determination
rig

of restraint forces shall be as follows:

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

(a) Determine restraint forces for linear components from 3.6;

(b) Determine restraint forces for floor-mounted components from 3.7; and
py

(c) Determine restraint forces for suspended components from 3.8.

3.2.3 Design of restraint systems

Co

Design a restraint system for all components. Restraint systems shall be designed and
installed to have sufficient capacity to resist the forces determined from the following
clauses:
(a) Fixings to the structure from 3.10; and
(b) Braces from 3.11.

21
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.3 Classification
3.3.1 Building

*
The importance level of the building containing the engineering system shall be established

d
from table 1, and Appendix A.

n
Table 1 – Classification of importance level

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Criteria Importance level

Normal buildings, and buildings not in other 1, 2
importance levels

Ze
Buildings that may contain people in crowds, or contents 3
of high value to the community, or pose risks to people in
crowds

ew
Buildings with special post-disaster functions 4

C3.3.1
sN
This table has been adapted from AS/NZS 1170.0. A more detailed description, including
examples, may be obtained by reference to that Standard or Appendix A. Clause 1.1.2 (a) of
this Standard excludes buildings of importance level 5 from the scope of this Standard.
rd
3.3.2 Components

Components of the engineering system shall be classified into the categories shown in
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

table 2.
an

Table 2 – Determination of category

Criteria Category Limit

state
St

Component representing a hazard to life outside the building P1 ULS

Component representing a hazard to a crowd of greater than 100 P2 ULS
ht

people within the building

Component representing a hazard to individual life within the building P3 ULS
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Component necessary for the continuing function of the evacuation and P4 ULS
life safety systems within the building
Component of a system required for operational continuity of the building P5 SLS2
py

Component for which the consequential damage caused by its failure is P6 SLS1
disproportionately great
Co

All other components P7 SLS1

NOTE – Category P5 only applies to importance level 4 buildings as this is a requirement of NZS 1170.5.
The design loads derived for components contained in lower importance level buildings may be increased
unnecessarily if category P5 is applied instead of P6 or P7 to other components in importance level 1, 2,
and 3 buildings.

C3.3.2
This table is adapted from NZS 1170.5. Some specific components are given in Appendix B.

22
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.4 Earthquake load demand

The earthquake load demand, F, on a component for each criterion (see 2.2) shall be

*
assessed on the basis of the lateral force coefficient, C, and the weight of the component
as given in equation 3.1. The lateral force coefficient comprises building location within

d
earthquake zones (zone factor), performance factor, and component risk factor.

n
F = C W.................................................................................................(Equation 3.1)

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

where

W = operating weight of the component (see 3.4.4)

Ze
C = lateral force coefficient (see equation 3.2).

The lateral force coefficient shall be taken as

ew
C = 2.7 CH Z Cp Rc, but not greater than 3.6........................................(Equation 3.2)

where

sN
CH = 3.0 for components above ground floor or 1.0 at or below ground floor

Z = zone factor (see 3.4.1)

rd
Cp = performance factor (see 3.4.2)

Rc = component risk factor (see 3.4.3).

da

1347890
202.56.51.79

C3.4
The floor height coefficient, CH , allows for the dynamic amplification of ground motion
an

by the supporting building structure.

his design method is based on section 8 of NZS 1170.5 but with conservative
T
St

assumptions about soil types, floor height coefficients and part spectral shape
coefficients. As such it is suitable for designing the seismic restraint of a component
for any location in New Zealand. More economic designs may result from using the
ht

section 4 procedures for a specific site.

3.4.1 Earthquake zone

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

The zone factor, Z, shall be determined from table 3, or interpolated from figure 2.
py

C3.4.1
Table 3 and figure 2 have been adapted from NZS 1170.5.
Co

23
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 3 – Zone factors for New Zealand locations (north to south)

# Location Z # Location Z

*
1 Kaitaia 0.13 36 Taupo 0.28

d
2 Paihia/Russell 0.13 37 Taumarunui 0.21

n
3 Kaikohe 0.13 38 Turangi 0.27

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

4 Whangarei 0.13 39 Gisborne 0.36

5 Dargaville 0.13 40 Wairoa 0.37
6 Warkworth 0.13 41 Waitara 0.18

Ze
7 Auckland 0.13 42 New Plymouth 0.18
8 Manakau City 0.13 43 Inglewood 0.18

ew
9 Waiuku 0.13 44 Stratford 0.18
10 Pukekohe 0.13 45 Opunake 0.18
11 Thames 0.16 46 Hawera 0.18
12
13
Paeroa
Waihi
0.18
0.18
sN 47
48
Patea
Raetihi
0.19
0.26
14 Huntly 0.15 49 Ohakune 0.27
rd
15 Ngaruawahia 0.15 50 Waiouru 0.29
da

16 Morrinsville 0.18 51 Napier 0.38

1347890
202.56.51.79

17 Te Aroha 0.18 52 Hastings 0.39

an

18 Tauranga 0.20 53 Wanganui 0.25

19 Mount Maunganui 0.20 54 Waipawa 0.41
20 Hamilton 0.16 55 Waipukurau 0.41
St

21 Cambridge 0.18 56 Taihape 0.33

22 Te Awamutu 0.17 57 Marton 0.30
ht

23 Matamata 0.19 58 Bulls 0.31

24 Te Puke 0.22 59 Feilding 0.37
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

25 Putaruru 0.21 60 Palmerston North 0.38

26 Tokoroa 0.21 61 Dannevirke 0.42
py

27 Otorohanga 0.17 62 Woodville 0.41

28 Te Kuiti 0.18 63 Pahiatua 0.42
Co

29 Mangakino 0.21 64 Foxton/Foxton 0.36

30 Rotorua 0.24 Beach

31 Kawerau 0.29 65 Levin 0.40

32 Whakatane 0.30 66 Otaki 0.40
33 Opotiki 0.30 67 Waikanae 0.40
34 Ruatoria 0.33 68 Paraparaumu 0.40
35 Murupara 0.30 69 Masterton 0.42

24
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 3 – Zone factors for New Zealand locations (north to south) (continued)

# Location Z # Location Z

*
70 Porirua 0.40 102 Christchurch 0.22

d
71 Wellington CBD 0.40 103 Geraldine 0.19

n
(north of Basin 104 Ashburton 0.20
Reserve)

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

105 Fairlie 0.24

72 Wellington 0.40
106 Temuka 0.17
73 Hutt Valley – south 0.40
107 Timaru 0.15

Ze
of Taita Gorge
74 Upper Hutt 0.42 108 Mt Cook 0.38

75 Eastbourne – Point 0.40 109 Twizel 0.27

ew
Howard 110 Waimate 0.14
76 Wainuiomata 0.40 111 Cromwell 0.24
77 Takaka 0.23 112 Wanaka 0.30
78
79
Motueka
Nelson
0.26
0.27
sN 113
114
Arrowtown
Alexandra
0.30
0.21
80 Picton 0.30 115 Queenstown 0.32
rd
81 Blenheim 0.33 116 Milford Sound 0.54
da

82 St Arnaud 0.36 117 Palmerston 0.13

1347890
202.56.51.79

83 Westport 0.30 118 Oamaru 0.13

an

84 Reefton 0.37 119 Dunedin 0.13

85 Murchison 0.34 120 Mosgiel 0.13
86 Springs Junction 0.45 121 Riverton 0.20
St

87 Hanmer Springs 0.55 122 Te Anau 0.36

88 Seddon 0.40 123 Gore 0.18
ht

89 Ward 0.40 124 Winton 0.20

90 Cheviot 0.40 125 Balclutha 0.13
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

91 Greymouth 0.37 126 Mataura 0.17

92 Kaikoura 0.42 127 Bluff 0.15
py

93 Harihari 0.46 128 Invercargill 0.17

94 Hokitika 0.45 129 Oban 0.14
Co

95 Fox Glacier 0.44

96 Franz Josef 0.44
97 Otira 0.60
98 Arthurs Pass 0.60
99 Rangiora 0.33
100 Darfield 0.30
101 Akaroa 0.16

25
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

26
202.56.51.79
1347890
NZS 4219:2009

Co
py
rig
ht
St

Figure 2 – Zone factor, Z

an

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da
rd
sN
ew
Ze
ala
n d
*
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.4.2 Performance factor

The value of Cp for each part of the seismic restraint system shall be used for determining

*
the load in that part rather than taking the most severe applicable value and applying it to
the whole system (see table 4).

n d
Table 4 – Performance factors

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Item Building Category Component

importance level (limit state) performance factor,
Cp
Anchors, fixings

Ze
1, 2, 3 or 4 All 0.85
and fasteners
Braces and 1, 2, 3 or 4 P1, P2, P3 or P4 0.85 or from
supports (ULS) Appendix C*

ew
Braces and 1, 2 or 3 P6 or P7 0.85
supports (SLS1)
Braces and
supports
4
sN P5
(SLS2)
0.85

* The lower of these values may be used.

rd
3.4.3 Component risk factor
da

1347890
The component risk factor, Rc, shall be determined from table 5, using the importance
202.56.51.79

level and category selected from 3.3.1 and 3.3.2.

Table 5 – Determination of component risk factor

an

Part category Risk factor (Rc)

St

Building importance level

1 and 2 3 4
P1, P2, and P4 1.00 1.30 1.80
ht

P3 0.90 1.20 1.60

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24

P5 Not applicable 1.00

15

P6 0.50
P7 0.25
py

3.4.4 Operating weight

Co

The operating weight of a component is its weight under normal operating conditions.
It includes the weight of any contents (such as fuel) likely to be present under normal
operating conditions. In the case of a non-pressure tank or pipeline the operating weight
includes the contents up to the overflow level.

27
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.5 Relative seismic displacement

Components connected to the building structure at more than one level shall be able to

*
sustain the relative seismic displacement, D, between the levels for the appropriate criterion
(see 2.2) in accordance with either 3.5.1 or 3.5.2.

n d
The displacement shall be determined from the building’s calculated design displacement,
where known. If the displacement is not known, the displacement shall be calculated using

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

equation 3.3.

D = 0.025 Rc Hz ....................................................................................................................... (Equation 3.3)

Ze
where:

Rc = component risk factor from 3.4.3 (but not greater than 1.0)
Hz = height between fixing points.

ew
C3.5
For some components, such as piping, relative seismic displacements between support
points are generally more significant than forces. The maximum displacement, as given
in NZS 1170.5, is 0.025 times the storey height. sN
3.5.1 Flexible joints
rd
Components may be attached to the supporting structure by flexible joints designed to
accommodate the displacements prescribed in 3.5. Such joints shall be demonstrated by
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
test or other means to be able to accommodate, by means of rotation or otherwise, the
deflections associated with relative displacements between fixing points.
an

C3.5.1
Examples of flexible joints are rubber collars, grooved joints, ball and socket joints, and
bellows joints.
St

3.5.2 Rigid joints

ht

Components coming within the scope of 3.5, which are attached to the structure by joints
not designed to allow for the required displacement, are not covered by this section. These
components will require specific structural engineering design in accordance with section 4.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

C3.5.2
Piping made of ductile materials such as steel or copper can accommodate relative
py

displacements by local yielding but with strain accumulations well below failure levels.
However, components made of less ductile materials, and some types of pipe joints
(such as screwed), can accommodate relative displacement effects only by use of
Co

flexible joints, which would avoid local yielding.

28
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.6 Linear components

This clause applies to components with one significant linear dimension, such as pipes,

*
ducts, cable trays, and so forth, running either horizontally, vertically or inclined.

d
Linear components shall be restrained in two orthogonal horizontal directions in addition
to their normal gravity supports (see figure 3). For the direction perpendicular to the axis

n
of the component, the maximum spacing between points of transverse restraint shall be

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

taken from table 6. For the direction parallel to the axis of the component, the maximum
spacing between points of longitudinal restraint shall be taken from table 7. The earthquake
load demand, F, to be resisted at the maximum restraint spacing is given by table 6 or

Ze
table 7 as appropriate. For restraints closer than the maximum spacing, F, may be reduced
proportionately.

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

Figure 3 – Restraint of linear components

29
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 6 – Spacing of transverse pipe restraints

(a) Steel pipes to BS 1387 or AS 1163 Grade C250 (or better)

*
Lateral force coefficient

d
Inside Min.
Where C = 1.0 Where C = 2.0 Where C = 3.6

n
diameter wall
(NB) (mm) Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

(mm) spacing force, F spacing force, F spacing force, F

(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)
50 2.90 7.7 0.45 6.1 0.71 5.0 1.05

Ze
65 3.60 8.9 0.84 7.0 1.33 5.7 1.96
80 4.00 9.6 1.28 7.6 2.04 6.0 2.88

ew
100 4.50 11.4 2.22 9.0 3.52 6.8 4.78
150 4.88 12.0 4.36 10.2 7.43 7.6 9.97
200 4.80 12.0 6.68 10.6 11.90 7.9 15.97

sN
Where the lateral force coefficient, C, is determined from equation 3.2

(b) Copper pipes to NZS 3501

rd
Lateral force coefficient
Nominal Min.
Where C = 1.0 Where C = 2.0 Where C = 3.6
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
diameter wall
(mm) (mm) Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal
spacing force, F spacing force, F spacing force, F
an

(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)

50 1.22 2.6 0.09 2.1 0.15 1.7 0.22
St

65 1.22 3.0 0.16 2.4 0.26 1.9 0.38

80 1.42 3.4 0.27 2.7 0.43 2.2 0.64
100 1.63 3.9 0.47 3.1 0.74 2.5 1.10
ht

Where C is determined from equation 3.2

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

30
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 7 – Spacing of longitudinal pipe restraints

(a) Steel pipes to BS 1387 or AS 1163 Grade C250 (or better)

*
Lateral force coefficient

d
Inside Min.
Where C = 1.0 Where C = 2.0 Where C = 3.6
diameter wall

n
(Max. offset* 0.9 m) (Max. offset* 0.6 m) (Max. offset* 0.4 m)
(NB) (mm)
Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

(mm)
spacing force, F spacing force, F spacing force, F
(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)
50 2.90 23.0 1.32 18.0 2.07 15.0 3.10

Ze
65 3.60 26.0 2.45 21.0 3.95 17.0 5.76
80 4.00 28.0 3.73 22.0 5.86 18.0 8.63

ew
100 4.50 34.0 6.61 27.0 10.50 20.0 14.00
150 4.88 36.0 13.07 30.0 21.79 22.0 28.76
200 4.80 36.0 20.04 32.0 35.62 23.0 46.09
* See figure 16.
Where C is determined from equation 3.2
sN
rd
(b) Copper pipes to NZS 3501
Lateral force coefficient
da

Nominal Min
1347890
202.56.51.79 Where C = 1.0 Where C = 2.0 Where C = 3.6
diameter wall
(Max. offset* 0.9 m) (Max. offset* 0.6 m) (Max. offset* 0.4 m)
(mm) (mm)
an

Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal Max. Horizontal

spacing force, F spacing force, F spacing force, F
(m) (kN) (m) (kN) (m) (kN)
St

50 1.22 8.0 0.28 6.0 0.42 5.0 0.63

65 1.22 9.0 0.48 7.0 0.74 5.0 0.96
ht

80 1.42 10.0 0.79 8.0 1.26 6.0 1.70

100 1.63 11.0 1.31 9.0 2.15 7.0 3.01
rig

3
03

* See figure 16.

39
75
70
24
15

Where C is determined from equation 3.2

py
Co

31
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Forces in the restraint elements, such as braces, fixings, and anchors, shall be determined
from figure 4 and equation 3.4, and the restraint systems designed in accordance with
3.10 and 3.11.

*
P = ......................................................................................... (Equation 3.4)

n d
where

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

P = brace force in the restraint element

F = horizontal force obtained from table 6 or table 7, as applicable
θ = angle of brace to horizontal (max. 60°).

Ze
Where the angle of the brace, θ, exceeds +/- 30°, the additional reaction in the vertical
support system shall be considered.

ew
Linear components attached to the supporting structure at more than one level shall also
comply with equation 3.5.

sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an

Figure 4 – Forces on linear components

C3.6
St

Distances between lateral restraints were derived using the following criteria:
(a) Seismic loads are based on pipes full of water;
ht

(b) Deflection is limited to restraint spacing/300, with a maximum of 50 mm;

(c) Steel bending stress 100 MPa, E = 200,000 MPa;
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

(d) Copper bending stress 30 MPa, E = 17,000 MPa.

py
Co

32
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.7 Floor-mounted components

3.7.1 Rigidly mounted

*
3.7.1.1 Unbraced

d
This clause applies to rigid components with a single definable centre of gravity, and

n
mounted either directly on a floor or on a plinth, and relying on their fixing to the floor
structure for lateral restraint.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Forces on floor fixings or supports shall be determined from figure 5. Two orthogonal,
horizontal directions shall be considered. Anchor forces determined for the two directions
need not be considered concurrently. Anchors shall be designed in accordance with 3.10.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an

Figure 5 – Forces on floor-mounted components

St

Horizontal force on each support shall be taken as:

ht

. .................................................................................................................. (Equation 3.5)

rig

3
03
39

Vertical force on each support shall be taken as:

75
70
24
15

Rvc or R vt = + (positive equals compression, negative equals tension).....

. ...................................................................................................................(Equation 3.6)
py

where
C = lateral force coefficient, determined from equation 3.2
Co

cg = centre of gravity
W = operating weight of the component
B = spacing of supports in the direction being considered
b = dimension from support to cg
N = total number of supports
n = number of supports acting in tension in the direction being considered
h = operating height of cg.

NOTE – This determination of horizontal and vertical forces applies only where 0.45B < b < 0.55B
for each orthogonal direction.

33
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.7.1.1
C
If the component is to be fixed at the base alone, without horizontal bracing, then the

*
integrity of the component is to be sufficient to resist the resulting seismic actions.

d
3.7.1.2 Braced
This clause applies to components fixed to the floor with restraints attached part way over

n
their height. If there is no single, easily defined, centre of gravity, they shall be considered

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

by 3.9.

Braced components shall be restrained in two orthogonal horizontal directions (see figure 6).
Restraining systems shall be disposed symmetrically about the centre of gravity of the

Ze
component in each direction. Tension-only braces shall be arranged in opposing pairs.
Where the angle of the brace exceeds +/- 30° to the horizontal, the vertical reaction on
the component shall be considered.

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St

Figure 6 – Forces on tall braced components

ht

The brace force shall be taken as:

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

. .................................................................................................................. (Equation 3.7)

The horizontal force on each floor support shall be taken as:

py

. .................................................................................................................. (Equation 3.8)

Co

where
C = lateral force coefficient, determined from equation 3
cg = centre of gravity
W = operating weight of the component
h = height to centre of gravity
H = height to brace fixing of the component
N = total number of supports
θ = angle of brace to horizontal (max. 60°).

34
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.7.2 Resiliently mounted

This clause applies to rigid components mounted to the floor via resilient mounts to isolate

*
the transmission of vibration from the component to the structure and where snubbers may
be used to limit the amount of movement of the component under seismic actions.

d
Forces on floor fixings and anchors for resilient mounts and snubbers shall be determined

n
in accordance with the following procedures for each type of resilient mount as defined

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

in 3.7.2.1.

Anchors and fixings shall be designed for the calculated forces in accordance with 3.10.

Ze
3.7.2.1 Resilient mount types
Resilient mounts can be categorised into two types.

A Type 1 resilient mount is defined as a system where the individual resilient mountings or

ew
vibration isolators have sufficient strength and stiffness to work as fixings for the restraint
of seismic actions without the need for additional snubbers (see figure 7).

sN
A Type 2 resilient mount is defined as a mounting system where the individual resilient
mounts or isolators do not have sufficient strength or stiffness to work as fixings for the
restraint of seismic actions and snubbers are required to limit the amount of movement
of the component and restrain the component from the forces generated from seismic
rd
actions (see figure 8).
da

1347890
3.7.2.1
C
202.56.51.79

Type 1 resilient mountings will often have snubbers incorporated or built into the vibration
isolated mounting to provide the necessary strength and stiffness to restrain and limit
an

seismic actions. In some cases snubbers may only be used to limit or buffer horizontal
movements in which case they do not need to be designed to restrain vertically generated
forces from the component.
St

3.7.2.2. Force calculations

The calculation of horizontal and vertical forces on mounts and snubbers shall be
ht

determined from figures 7 and 8 in accordance with 3.7.2.2.1 and 3.7.2.2.2.

rig

3.7.2.2.1
3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Type 1 resilient mount – sufficiently strong and stiff to provide restraint to seismic actions
without additional snubbers.
py

The fixing forces for type 1 resilient mounts shall be determined from figure 7. Loading
along two orthogonal, horizontal directions shall be considered separately to determine the
most critical load case on fixings. Anchors and fixings shall be designed in accordance
Co

with 3.10.

35
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
Figure 7 – Forces on floor-mounted components using type 1 mounts without
snubbers

Horizontal force on each support or fixing shall be taken as: sN

.............................................................................................(Equation 3.9)
rd
Vertical force on each support or fixing shall be taken as:

Rvc or R vt =
da

1.3 x + (positive equals compression, negative equals

1347890

tension) .....................................................................................................(Equation 3.10)

202.56.51.79

where
an

C = lateral force coefficient, determined from equation 3.2

W = operating weight of the component
St

B = spacing of supports or fixings in the direction being considered

N = total number of supports or fixings
n = number of supports or fixings acting in tension in the direction being considered
ht

h = operating height of cg.

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

NOTE – This determination of horizontal and vertical forces applies only where
0.45B < b < 0.55B for each orthogonal direction.

3.7.2.2.1
C
py

For equipment mounted with this type of resilient mount, the calculation of forces on the
resilient mount includes the weight of the equipment as a restoring force when considering
uplift of the fixing. The 1.3 multiplier allows for increased variation of the seismic force from
Co

concurrent loading in each orthogonal direction. (Refer to 5.3 of AS/NZS 1170.5.)

3.7.2.2.2
Type 2 resilient mount – utilising the isolator housing or supplementary fixings as snubbers
to restrain and limit forces from seismic actions.

The fixing forces for snubbers of type 2 resilient mounts shall be determined from figure 8.
Loading along two orthogonal, horizontal directions shall be considered separately to
determine the most critical load case on fixings. Anchors and fixings shall be designed
in accordance with 3.10.

36
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
Figure 8 – Forces on floor-mounted components using type 2 mounts with snubbers
sN
Horizontal force on each snubber support or fixing shall be taken as:

x i ..................................................................................... (Equation 3.11)

rd

Vertical force on each snubber support or fixing shall be taken as:

da

Rvc or R vt x i (positive equals compression, negative equals tension)...

1347890
202.56.51.79

. .................................................................................................................(Equation 3.12)
an

where
C = lateral force coefficient, determined from equation 3.2
St

W = operating weight of the component

B = spacing of supports or fixings in the direction being considered
N = total number of supports or fixings
ht

n = number of supports or fixings acting in tension in the direction being considered

h =
rig

operating height of cg
3
03
39
75
70
24
15

i = impact factor:
1 for snubbers with resilient pads and less than 6 mm clearance between the
py

component support frame and the snubber device in the direction being
considered
1.5 for snubbers with less than 6 mm clearance and no resilient pads (metal on
Co

metal contact) between the component support frame and the snubber device
in the direction being considered
2 for snubbers with more than 6 mm clearance and resilient pads between the
component frame and the snubber device in the direction being considered
3 for snubbers with more than 6 mm clearance and without resilient pads (metal
on metal contact) between the component support frame and the snubber
device.
NOTE – This determination of horizontal and vertical forces applies only where 0.45B < b < 0.55B
for each orthogonal direction. Forces on the resilient mounts need only be designed for self-weight
only.

37
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.7.2.2.2
C
For equipment mounted with this type of resilient mount using external snubbers, the calculation
of forces on the snubber excludes the weight of the equipment as it is already supported by

*
the resilient mountings. The 1.3 multiplier allows for increased variation of the seismic force

d
from concurrent loading in each orthogonal direction. (Refer to 5.3 of NZS 1170.5.)

n
3.7.2.3 Anchor bolt force calculations

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Anchor bolt forces for isolation or snubber fixings shall be calculated in accordance with
3.7.3.

3.7.3 Anchor bolt forces calculations for independent supports

Ze
Anchor bolt forces to resist the calculated fixing forces for independent supports not ridigly
fixed to the component as in the case of an isolator or snubber fixing shall be determined
based on the geometry of the fixing, taking into consideration the alignment of the applied

ew
forces. The specific case of a fixing with a single line of anchors resisting a vertical and
horizontal action is provided in 3.7.3.1.

sN
3.7.3.1 Equipment supported on independent supports such as vibration
isolators and restrained with seismic snubbers
Anchor bolt horizontal and vertical forces for independent supports to resist seismic actions
shall be determined from figure 9.
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

38
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
where sN
Rr = Maximum uplift (see equations 3.11)
R h = Maximum shear (see equation 3.12)
rd
H = Height to restraint connection
Bsnubber = Snubber width
da

nbolt
1347890
202.56.51.79

= Number of anchor bolts

T bolt = Tension per anchor bolt
an

St

V bolt = Shear per anchor bolt

ht

Figure 9 – Anchor bolt force calculation of independent fixings such as used for
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

vibration-isolated components
py
Co

39
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.8 Suspended components

This clause applies to components suspended from the structure (floor slab or roof

*
structure) above their centre of gravity, and requiring lateral bracing for seismic restraint.
It also applies where linear components (see 3.6) are being considered in their axial

d
direction.

n
Suspended components shall be restrained in two orthogonal horizontal directions.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Restraining systems shall be disposed symmetrically about the centre of gravity of the
component in each direction. Tension-only braces shall be arranged in opposing pairs.
Where the angle of the brace exceeds +/- 30°, the additional reaction in the vertical support
system shall be considered. Forces in braces shall be determined from figure 10. Braces

Ze
and fixings shall be designed in accordance with 3.10 and 3.11.

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Figure 10 – Forces on suspended components

an

The brace force shall be taken as:

P = figure 10 (a)....................................................................(Equation 3.13)

St

P = figure 10 (b) . .................................................................(Equation 3.14)

ht

where

C = lateral force coefficient from equation 3.2

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

W = operating weight of component

h = height from centre of gravity to upper support
py

H = height from lower fixing to upper support

θ = angle of brace to horizontal (max. 60°).
Co

40
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.9 Miscellaneous components

Components outside the scope of 3.6 to 3.8, such as wall-mounted components, are

*
outside the scope of this section. They shall be designed using the provisions of section 4
or by testing in accordance with 4.5.

n d
3.10 Fixings

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

All components, including their supports and restraints shall be attached to the building
structure in accordance with the requirements of this section to match or exceed the load
demand determined from 3.6 to 3.9, or to accommodate the displacements determined

Ze
from 3.5.

Nuts on fasteners for rotating or oscillating equipment which may work loose during normal
operation shall be locked in position.

ew
C3.10
The locking device selected will depend on the fastener, but a locking type washer
will normally be adequate.
sN
here components are fixed to non-structural elements of the building (such as timber-
W
framed partition walls), such elements shall be checked to verify that their load carrying
capacity is adequate. Such checking is outside the scope of this section.
rd

3.10.1 Woodscrews
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

This clause shall be limited to steel woodscrews installed into the side grain of dry radiata
pine framing timber. Screws shall be pre-bored to 0.8 × screw diameter, except for self-
an

drilling screws.

Design strengths shall be obtained from table 8.

St

Table 8 – Woodscrew design strengths

Gauge Diameter Minimum Tension Shear Minimum Minimum

ht

(mm) penetration (kN) (kN) edge end distance

(mm) distance and spacing
(mm) (mm)
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

8 4.17 30 1.10 1.10 20 45

9 4.52 32 1.28 1.25 23 45
py

10 4.88 35 1.51 1.45 25 50

12 5.59 40 1.98 1.87 28 55
Co

14 6.30 45 2.50 2.33 32 65

3.10.2 Coach screws

This clause shall be limited to coach screws installed into the side grain of dry radiata pine
framing timber. Screws shall be pre-bored to 0.8 × screw diameter.

Design strengths shall be obtained from table 9.

41
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 9 – Coach screw design strengths

Diameter Minimum Tension Shear Minimum edge Minimum end

*
(mm) penetration (kN) (kN) distance distance
(mm) (mm) and spacing

d
(mm)

n
8 80 5.38 3.54 40 80

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

10 100 7.49 4.42 50 100

12 120 9.91 7.28 60 120

Ze
3.10.3 Bolts
Design capacities to bolts connecting ends to steel components shall be obtained from
table 10.

ew
Table 10 – Capacities of bolts in shear

Bolt size Minimum end distance Capacity for 1 bolt in

(mm)
sN single shear
(kN)
M8 16 6.1
rd
M10 20 10.1
M12 24 15.1
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
M16 32 28.6
M20 40 45
an

C3.10.3
The capacities used in these bolts relate to root area.
St

3.10.4 Cast-in anchors

This clause applies to Grade 4.6 bolts or threaded rods installed into wet concrete or
ht

into concrete masonry before grouting. Specialty inserts, such as threaded sockets, and
grouted anchors are outside the scope of this clause. However they may be used within
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

the provisions of 3.10.5.

For the design of anchors, the performance factor, Cp, shall be 0.85 (see 3.4.2).
py

Anchors shall be provided with a positive means to prevent rotation while tightening the
nut.
Co

3.10.4.1 Cast into concrete

Design strength of anchors cast into concrete of specified strength 25 MPa or better shall
be obtained from figure 11. Anchor edge distance, embedment, and spacing shall be in
accordance with figure 11.

42
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
(a) 100 mm edge distance
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

(b) 200 mm or greater edge distance

py

NOTE – For both (a) and (b), the following shall apply:

Bolt size Minimum embedment (mm) Minimum spacing (mm)

Co

M10 75 200
M12 100 300
M16 125 375
M20 150 450
M24 175 500

Figure 11 – Design strengths of bolts cast in concrete

43
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

3.10.4.2 Cast into concrete masonry

Bolts shall be embedded in grout in accordance with table 11, and as shown in figure 12.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
Figure 12 – Typical detail of bolt cast into concrete masonry
rd
The minimum edge-distance, measured from the centre of the bolt to the outer face of the
masonry, shall be not less than the embedment length, and spacing between adjacent
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
bolts shall be not less than 2 × the embedment length.

The design strength of bolts imbedded in concrete masonry shall be obtained from table 11.
an

Table 11 – Design strength of bolts embedded in concrete masonry

Diameter Minimum embedment length Tension and shear

St

(mm) (mm) (kN)

12 100 10
ht

16 125 15
20 150 25
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

24 175 35

3.10.5 Post-installed and proprietary anchors

py

All post-installed and proprietary anchors used for restraint of engineering systems
components shall have passed the seismic qualification test stipulated in ACI 355.2.
Co

Expansion anchors shall not be used for non-vibration isolated mechanical equipment
rated over 8 kW.

Design strength in tension and shear shall be obtained from manufacturer’s data and shall
comply with the requirements of this clause.

44
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Manufacturers supplying anchors for use under this clause shall provide the following
information on each package:

*
(a) Name and address of the manufacturer;
(b) Scope of application;

d
(c) Design strength of anchors in tension and shear, obtained using the provisions of

n
ACI 355.2;

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

(d) Statement of compliance with ACI 355.2; and

(e) Installation instructions.

C3.10.5

Ze
Post-installed expansion and undercut anchors may be approved suitable for seismic
applications using the testing procedures outlined in ACI 355.2.

No test Standard exists for chemical anchors.

ew
aution should be exercised during the use of the existing test results in earthquake
C
environments. The effects on anchor capacity from earthquake-induced cracking of the
concrete or masonry need to be considered.
sN
3.11 Braces
rd
Braces used to provide seismic restraint to components of engineering systems shall be
designed in accordance with this clause to equal or exceed the forces determined from
3.6 to 3.8.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

3.11.1 Materials
an

All structural steel and fasteners coming within the scope of 3.11 shall, before fabrication,
comply with the following Standards given in table 12.

Table 12 – Specification for brace and fastener materials

St

Brace or fastener type Material Standard

ht

Angles AS/NZS 3679.1 – 300 (Grade 300)

Flats AS/NZS 3679.1 – 300
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

SHS AS 1163, Grade C350LO

Bolts AS 1111.1, Property class 4.6
py

Threaded rods AS 1111.1, Property class 4.6

Nuts AS 1112.3
Co

3.11.2 Braces in tension

Design capacities of braces in axial tension shall be obtained from table 13.

45
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 13 – Capacity of braces in tension

Tension capacity (kN) for single leg connected by:

*
Fillet weld size

d
Angles Bolt size 1 bolt 2 bolts Welded and length (mm)
25x25x3EA M8 6 12 32 3, 80

n
M10 10 20 39 3, 100

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

40x40x3EA M12 15 30 55 3, 140

50x50x3EA M16 28 57 69 3, 170

Ze
50x50x5EA M16 28 57 101 5, 150
50x50x8EA M16 28 57 166 6, 200
65x65x8EA M16 28 57 233 6, 280

ew
75x75x8EA M20 62 124 267 6, 330
75x75x10EA M20 62 124 377 6, 460
90x90x10EA M20 62 124 457 6, 550
100x100x8EA M20 62 sN
124 429
Tension capacity (kN) for flat connected by:
6, 520

Flats Bolt size 1 bolt 2 bolts Welded Fillet weld size

rd
and length (mm)
20x3 M8 6 12 17 3, 50
da

20x5 M8 6 12 29 5, 50
1347890
202.56.51.79

20x6 M8 6 12 35 6, 50
an

20x10 M8 6 12 58 6, 70
25x3 M10 10 20 22 3, 60
St

25x5 M10 10 20 36 5, 60
25x10 M10 10 20 72 6, 90
25x12 M10 10 20 86 6, 110
ht

40x3 M16 22 35 35 3, 90
40x6 M16 29 57 69 6, 90
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

40x10 M16 29 57 115 6, 140

40x12 M16 29 57 138 6, 170
py

50x3 M20 28 43 43 3, 110

50x6 M20 45 86 86 6, 110
Co

50x10 M20 45 89 144 6, 180

50x12 M20 45 89 173 6, 210
75x6 M20 45 89 130 6, 160
75x10 M20 45 89 216 6, 260
75x12 M20 45 89 259 6, 320
100x6 M20 45 89 173 6, 210
100x10 M20 45 89 288 6, 350
100x12 M20 45 89 346 6, 420

46
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 13 – Capacity of braces in tension (continued)

Threaded rods Tension capacity (kN)

*
M10 18

d
M12 27

n
M16 50

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

M20 78
M24 113
Galvanised steel wire Tension capacity (kN)

Ze
3.2 mm 1.5
NOTE – For angles, the configuration of bolts and welds to be as shown in figure 13.

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St

Figure 13 – Bolted and welded brace fixings

ht

where
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24

df =
15

diameter of fastener

3.11.3 Braces in compression

py

Design capacities of braces in axial compression shall be obtained from table 14.
Co

47
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 14 – Capacity of braces in compression

(a) Angles Bolt Compression capacity (kN) (number of bolts) for length of:

*
0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m 2.0 m 2.5 m 3.0 m

d
25×25×3 EA M8 7.4 (2) 3.5 (1) 1.4 (1) 0.8 (1) 0.5 (1) –

n
30×30×3 EA M10 11.2 (2) 4.8 (1) 2.4 (1) 1.4 (1) 0.9 (1) 0.6 (1)

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

40×40×3 EA M12 17.5 (2) 10.0 (1) 5.7 (1) 3.4 (1) 2.4 (1) 1.6 (1)

50×50×3 EA M16 23.7 (1) 15.4 (1) 11.5 (1) 6.5 (1) 4.4 (1) 3.1 (1)
50×50×5 EA M16 37.7 (2) 25.6 (1) 15.4 (1) 9.5 (1) 6.3 (1) 4.6 (1)

Ze
50×50×8 EA M16 61.9 (3) 41.0 (2) 25.2 (1) 15.6 (1) 9.6 (1) 7.2 (1)
65×65×8 EA M16 93.0 * 69.5 (3) 47.2 (2) 33.7 (2) 23.6 (1) 16.9 (1)

ew
75×75×8 EA M20 100.0 (3) 72.6 (2) 49.1 (2) 34.9 (1) 23.2 (1) 16.8 (1)
75×75×10 EA M20 134.9 * 100.8 (3) 79.9 (2) 57.4 (2) 42.9 (1) 30.1 (1)
90×90×10 EA M20 173.3 * 161.5 * 132.1 (3) 106.9 (3) 87.3 (2) 70.8 (2)
100×100×8 EA M20 145.2 * 137.3 * sN
116.4 (3) 98.8 (3) 80.3 (2) 64.1 (2)
NOTE –
(1) Bolts are assumed to be placed through only one leg of the angle (see figure 13).
rd
(2) Values with an asterisk require a fully welded base plate fixing (see figure 14).
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

(b) Flats Compression capacity (kN) for length of:

0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m 2.0 m 2.5 m 3.0 m
an

20×3 – – – – – –
20×5 0.6 – – – – –
St

20×6 1.1 – – – – –
20×10 4.6 1.2 – – – –
25×3 – – – – – –
ht

25×5 0.8 – – – – –
rig

3
03
39
75
70

25×10 6.1 1.6 – – – –

24
15

25×12 9.7 2.8 – – – –

40×3 – – – – – –
py

40×6 2.4 – – – – –
40×10 10.0 2.7 – – – –
Co

40×12 16.4 4.8 – – – –

50×3 – – – – – –
50×6 3.0 – – – – –
50×10 12.8 3.5 – – – –
50×12 20.9 6.1 – – – –
75×6 5.8 – – – – –
75×10 24.2 6.6 – – – –
75×12 39.6 11.5 – – – –

48
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Table 14 – Capacity of braces in compression (continued)

100×6 8.5 – – – – –

*
100×10 35.6 9.7 – – – –

d
100×12 58.2 17.0 – – – –

n
(c) Hot rolled hollow Compression capacity for length of: (kN)

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

sections
0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m 2.0 m 2.5 m 3.0 m
25×25×3.0 SHS 35 17 7.7 4.1 2.6 1.8

Ze
40×40×3.0 SHS 116 95 61 36 21 17
50×50×3.0 SHS 152 138 107 72 49 34
50×50×6.0 SHS 259 227 164 103 69 48

ew
65×65×3.0 SHS 202 194 176 143 108 78
75×75×3.0 SHS 238 231 215 191 157 119

sN
NOTE – SHS shall have fully welded fixings at each end, with symmetrically placed fasteners.
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St

Figure 14 – Fully welded base plate fixing

ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

49
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

4 Specific design of restraint systems

4.1 General

*
All components of engineering system equipment shall be verified as complying with the

d
criteria of 2.2.

n
For components attached to only one level of the supporting structure, and subject to

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

only inertial forces, verification may be in accordance with 4.2.1. Components which
are attached to more than one level of the structure may be subject to forces caused by
relative or differential deformations between fixing points as well as inertial forces. For
those components, verification shall be in accordance with 4.2.2.

Ze
The design of a component, including its supports or restraints, may be verified by testing
in accordance with 4.5. Fixings shall comply with 3.10.

ew
4.2 Earthquake actions

4.2.1 Static forces sN

Earthquake actions shall be determined in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.0 and NZS 1170.5,
for the limit state being considered, or 3.4 of this Standard where applicable.
rd

4.2.2 Structural deformation

da

1347890
202.56.51.79
Forces on components of mechanical equipment, including restraints resulting from
differential deformation of the supporting structure between their fixing points (where
relevant), shall be determined in accordance with the principles of structural mechanics.
an

Deformation of the supporting structure at the points of fixing shall be determined in

accordance with AS/NZS 1170.0 and NZS 1170.5, for the limit state being considered, or
St

3.5 of this Standard where applicable.

4.2.3 Combined actions

ht

The forces on components resulting from the earthquake actions determined in 4.2.1 and
the seismic displacement actions determined in 4.2.2 shall be combined:
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

where:

M* = Total seismic action on component = [ (Mi)2 + (Md)2 ]0.5

py

Mi = Design action resulting from earthquake load demand in 3.4

Md = Design actions resulting from relative seismic displacements in 3.5.
Co

50
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

4.3 Design
Components of mechanical equipment, their restraints, and their fixings to the primary

*
structure shall be proportioned for adequate strength, stiffness and ductility in accordance
with the provisions of the appropriate material Standards.

n d
Where the material Standard is in working stress format, or where the component design
has been done in accordance with working stress Standards, the demand forces and

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

actions determined from 4.2.1 may be reduced by the following factors:

Components requiring consideration at the ultimate limit state...................................0.80

Components requiring consideration at the serviceability limit state ............................1.0

Ze
In the absence of appropriate material Standards, the designer shall be responsible
for specifying relevant material properties which are consistent with a limit state design
philosophy. The performance factor Cp may be that given by 3.4.2.

ew
C4.3
Appropriate material Standards include:
• Steel (hot-rolled) NZS 3404
• Steel (cold-formed) AS/NZS 4600
sN
• Stainless steel (cold-formed) AS/NZS 4673
rd
• Aluminium AS/NZS 1664 Part 1
• Concrete NZS 3101
da

• Concrete masonry NZS 4230

1347890
202.56.51.79

• Timber NZS 3603.

ifferent reduction factors are theoretically required for different actions and materials,
D
an

as the reduction depends on the ratio between ultimate strength and allowable stress
which are material dependent. For further information see ASCE 7-05.
St

4.4 Fixings
Fixings consist of bolts, welds, anchors, brackets, cleats, gusset plates, and so forth, which
ht

connect elements of the restraint system. They shall be positioned to transmit the calculated
design actions in accordance with the requirements for connections in NZS 1170.5, and
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

the appropriate materials Standards.

C4.4
Post-installed expansion and undercut anchors (but not chemical anchors) may be
py

approved suitable for seismic applications using the testing procedures outlined in
ACI 355.2. The design of qualified anchors in concrete is addressed in NZS 3101.
Co

nchors in masonry are rarely governed by steel capacity, and as such masonry anchors
A
should in general be considered to be non-ductile.

or anchors that are not provided with a mechanism to transfer compression loads,
F
the design for overturning is to reflect the actual stiffness of the base plate, equipment,
housing, and so forth, in determining the location of the compression centroid and the
distribution of uplift loads to the anchors.

hile the requirements do not prohibit the use of single anchor fixings, it is considered
W
good practice to use at least two anchors in any load-carrying fixing whose failure might
lead to collapse, partial collapse, or disruption of a critical, inertial load path.

51
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

epending on the design condition, ductile design of anchors in concrete or masonry

D
may be intended to satisfy one or all of the following objectives:

*
(a) To ensure adequate load redistribution between anchors in a group;

d
(b) To allow for anchor overload without precipitous failure; and/or

n
(c) To dissipate seismic energy.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

nless specific attention is paid to the conditions necessary to ensure the desired
U
hysteretic response (adequate gauge length, anchor spacing, edge distance, steel
properties, and so forth), it is not recommended that anchors be relied upon for energy

Ze
dissipation. An anchor may provide some transfer of load from a relatively deformable
material (such as steel) to a low deformability material (such as concrete or masonry).
To achieve a deformable, energy-absorbing behaviour in the anchor itself is often
difficult.

ew
n the other hand, the concept of providing a fuse, or deformable link, in the load path
O
to the anchor is encouraged. This approach allows the designer to provide the necessary
level of ductility and overstrength in the fixing while at the same time protecting the anchor
sN
from overload. It also eliminates the need to balance steel strength and deformability
in the anchor with variable edge distances and anchor spacings.
rd
4.5 Testing
da

4.5.1 Scope
1347890
202.56.51.79

Testing may be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this clause as an
alternative to calculation. This clause is not applicable to the establishment of general
an

design criteria.

C4.5.1
St

Testing may be used as a means of verifying components of equipment not subject to

any specific seismic assessment, for example, equipment sourced from overseas.
ht

4.5.2 Test set-up

The component (or an appropriate sub-assembly) may be tested in situ in its final position
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

in the building, or set up in a separate testing laboratory. Care shall be taken with the setup
to ensure that no artificial restraints are applied by the loading system, and that boundary
conditions are accurately replicated.
py

Loading and measuring systems shall be calibrated to BS EN ISO 7500‑1 Grade 1

accuracy.
Co

4.5.3 Load
The magnitude of the test load shall be the design load at the limit state being considered,
as determined in 4.2. For components with a readily defined centre of gravity, the load
application shall be as near to the centre of gravity as practicable. For a component with a
distributed mass, such as a pipe, the load may be applied at third points, with the magnitude
of the test load adjusted to most closely represent the action effect on the mode of failure
being considered. For non-symmetrical components, the load shall be applied separately
in two orthogonal horizontal directions.

52
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

4.5.4 Acceptance criteria

For the ULS, the specimen shall sustain the design load for five minutes without collapsing,
releasing its contents, or becoming detached from its fixings.

*
At SLS1 the specimen shall sustain the design load for five minutes, without damage,

d
while maintaining its operational continuity.

n
At SLS2 the specimen shall sustain the design load for five minutes, while maintaining

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

its operational continuity.

4.5.5 Reporting

Ze
The test report shall contain the following information:
(a) The date and the name of the testing agency;

ew
(b) Details of specimen construction and installation;
(c) The method of loading;
(d) All measurements recorded and observations made; and
(e)
sN
A statement as to whether or not the specimen satisfied the acceptance criteria.
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

53
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

5 Specific requirements
5.1 Application

*
The provisions of this section apply equally to sections 3 and 4.

n d
5.2 Interaction between components

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

5.2.1 Clearances
Unless otherwise specified, clearances shall be provided in accordance with table 15.

Ze
Table 15 – Clearances

Condition being considered Minimum clearance

ew
(mm)
Horizontal Vertical
Unrestrained component to unrestrained component 250 50
Unrestrained component to restrained component
Restrained component to restrained component
sN 150
50
50
50
Penetration through structure (such as walls and floor) 50 50
rd
NOTE – Ceiling hangers and braces are considered to be restrained components for the purposes
of this table.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

C5.2.1
Flexible connections within the service may allow penetration clearances to be reduced.
an

5.2.2 Permitting independent movement

St

Where components are connected and their supports allow them to move independently
of each other under seismic action, relative displacement between components shall be
provided for.
ht

C5.2.2
Relative displacement between components can be accommodated using flexible
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

connections or by configuring pipework or ductwork to accommodate movement

without fracture.
py
Co

54
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

5.3 Brittle components

Brittle components shall be designed under the provisions of section 4 of this Standard.

*
d
5.4 Plinths

n
Where a component is mounted on a raised concrete plinth, the plinth shall be reinforced
and anchored to the main floor slab. The plinth shall be designed to resist earthquake

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

actions prescribed by this Standard, including overturning. Alternatively the details of

figure 15 and table 16 may be used within the limits specified.

Ze
NOTE – Plinths may be designed using the provisions of NZS 3101.

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Figure 15 – Typical plinth details

Table 16 – Reinforcement requirements for plinths

py

Plinth thickness Plinth reinforcement Dowels to main floor slab

(mm) Option 1 MS bars Option 2 mesh With M10 (max.) With anchor bolts
anchor bolts fixed through the
Co

(mm) (mm)
installed in plinth floor slab (mm)
only (mm)
65 – 100 D10 at 300 each 665 R10 at 300 each way R10 at 600 each way
way
100 – 200 D12 at 200 each 661 R10 at 300 each way R10 at 400 each way
way

55
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

5.5 Vibration isolated and resilient mountings

Components mounted on vibration isolators shall have a bumper or snubber in each

*
orthogonal horizontal direction, and vertical restraints shall be provided, where required,
to resist overturning.

n d
Isolator housings and mountings shall be constructed of ductile materials. Snubbers
and fixings shall be designed for seismic forces induced by the dynamic impact of the

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

component against the snubber.

The snubber shall be:

Ze
(a) A proprietary seismic snubber, meeting the performance requirements of section 3
or 4 of this Standard; or
(b) A fabricated snubber subject to the following criteria:
(i) Where the clearance between components and the viscoelastic pad is between

ew
3 and 6 mm, the pad shall have a thickness of at least 6 C mm but not less
than 6 mm, where C is the lateral force coefficient as defined in 3.4 and impact
is allowed for accordance with 3.7.2, or
sN
(ii) Where the clearance between components and the viscoelastic pad exceeds
6 mm, the pad shall have a thickness of at least 8 C mm but not less than 8
mm, where C is the lateral force coefficient as defined in 3.4 and impact is
rd
allowed for an accordance with 3.7.2.

Associated connections and piping shall be arranged to reduce potential damage to fuel,
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
cooling water, and exhaust lines. Service connections shall be flexible and shall not form
part of the restraining mechanism.
an

C5.5
Vibration isolators are used to prevent the transmission of vibration from rotating
equipment to the building structure. Since isolated equipment has to be free to oscillate
St

on the vibration isolators, seismic isolators should be installed with an air gap. The air gap
allows the free vibratory oscillation of the equipment until seismic inertial forces cause
temporary contact with the bumper or snubber, which limits overall displacement.
ht

nti-vibration mounts used to reduce the transmission of vibration from the equipment
A
to the structure have often failed during earthquakes. Heavy inertia bases increase the
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

seismic forces for which isolators need to be designed. Unless the forces are specifically
evaluated, the snubbers should be designed for twice the forces that would apply for
direct fixed components.
py

aptive type rubber mounts, which are unable to be pulled apart and are of sufficient
C
strength, provide an adequate restraining system.
Co

teel spring and air bag mounts should be fitted with positive stops or snubbers to
S
limit excessive movement. Such stops should be positioned clear of normal operating
displacements and should have resilient surfaces to reduce shock loading.

ll service lines should be kept as short as possible, while still providing adequate
A
flexibility.

56
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

5.6 Tanks and vessels

Tanks and fluid-containing vessels shall be restrained against seismic forces determined in

*
accordance with this Standard. Tanks shall be designed and restrained in such a manner
to prevent damage or loss of contents depending on the criterion being considered. Tanks

d
shall be restrained to prevent sliding and over-turning failure. Resistance to sliding shall be

n
by the fixings without dependence on friction between tanks and supporting pads.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Unless specifically designed, tanks and their contents shall be considered to respond
as a rigid mass with restraint forces determined in accordance with section 3 of this
Standard.

Ze
Tanks and vessels not attached to the building are outside the scope of this Standard.

C5.6

ew
Pressure tanks, tanks holding highly viscous fluids, and completely filled tanks with fixed
lids can be considered to respond as a rigid mass.

pen-topped tanks and partially-filled tanks with lids are subject to hydrodynamic action
O

sN
associated with the surface waves set up by an earthquake.

or vertical tanks, consideration should be given to the tie-down stresses around the
F
periphery of the tank, horizontal shear at the base, overturning at the tank footing, and
rd
the compression buckling of the tank shell. Thin-walled tanks are likely to collapse at
the bottom seam and rupture pipe connections, and ovalling of the tank sides at the
top may also take place.
da

1347890

or horizontal tanks, the forces in the saddles and the base fixings should be considered.
F
202.56.51.79

Hot water cylinders without rigid insulation can be damaged using a simple strap.
an

oss of liquids could be reduced by containing the contents with specially made shallow
L
containers. Alternatively, the containment can be achieved by extending the walls of
the plant room or by bunding flat roofs and arranging for a controlled discharge. This
St

method would be particularly applicable to water, but may not be safe for other liquids,
especially if they are flammable or corrosive.
ht

he relative movement between a tank and interconnected pipework may result in the
T
failure of the pipe connections to the tank or adjacent fittings. Such pipes should be
installed to move with the tank allowing the relative displacement to be taken up by
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

flexible, less highly stressed sections of the pipe.

5.7 Flues and stacks

py

Flues and stacks shall be restrained against seismic forces determined in accordance
with this Standard. Flues and stacks not attached to the building are outside the scope
Co

of this Standard.

Flues and stacks emitting hazardous substances shall be located in a position accessible for
inspection over their entirety so that they can be checked for damage after an earthquake.
Provision shall be made for relative movement between plant structure and structural
elements.

Flues and stacks shall allow for inter-storey deflection, determined from section 4 or
from 3.5, in accordance with the criterion being considered.

57
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Flues and stacks shall be restrained in two orthogonal horizontal directions and shall be
designed to prevent slip joints and other flexible connections being pulled apart. Design
of restraints shall be in accordance with sections 3 or 4 of this Standard.

*
C5.7

d
Light steel stacks (insulated and uninsulated) have performed better than masonry and

n
refractory lined stacks and should be used wherever possible. Unreinforced masonry should

ala
be avoided. Masonry and refractory-lined stacks should have provision for inspection,
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

particularly where a fire hazard could result from large cracks or damaged liners.

tacks are continuous beams and, if supported or guyed, will respond as propped
S

Ze
cantilevers. Modelling them as a point load on a cantilever will not accurately determine
the fundamental period of the stack and, if in doubt, an assessment should be made of
possible tuning with the building response, and the stack possibly analysed as being
flexibly mounted.

ew
5.8 Piping systems

5.8.1 General sN
All pipe systems shall be restrained against seismic forces determined in accordance
with this Standard.
rd
The following pipes need no specific seismic restraint unless otherwise specified in this
Standard:
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
(a) Pipes less than 50 mm diameter; and
(b) Pipes suspended by individual hangers 150 mm or less in length from the top of
an

the pipe to the supporting structure.

Pipes not requiring restraint shall be installed with a clearance of 150 mm from hangers
and braces for suspended ceiling systems or other adjacent suspended components.
St

Restraints for pipes greater than 200 mm diameter shall be subject to specific design in
accordance with section 4 of this Standard.
ht

Pipework analysis based on recognised engineering principles meeting the criteria of 2.2
is deemed to comply with this Standard.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

C5.8.1
Where small underground pipes run from storage tanks they should be installed inside
py

larger diameter pipes that pass through the foundations.

or importance level 3 buildings that require fuel for temporary electric power or other
F
essential operations, sufficient fuel should be stored on site for the immediate post-
Co

earthquake period, or where fuel cannot be stored, dual fuel equipment with storage of
the secondary fuel should be considered. The point of delivery should allow easy access
following an earthquake. An enclosed rear yard would not normally be as suitable as a
street filling point because of debris.

58
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

5.8.2 Clearances
Sufficient flexibility shall be provided in vertical pipes to allow for the relative horizontal
movement between floors, or fixing points, determined from 3.5.

*
Where vertical pipes pass through more than one floor and are more than 1 m from a

d
column or shear wall, either the form of the fixing or the pipework flexibility shall allow for

n
differential vertical movement between the floors.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Where pipes enter a building through the foundation, provision shall be made for relative
movement between the pipe and building. Clearance of at least 25 mm between pipe and
foundation shall be provided.

Ze
5.8.3 Pipes crossing structural separations or seismic gaps
Where pipes cross structural separations, an allowance shall be made for relative horizontal

ew
movement in two orthogonal directions. The allowance shall be either 160 mm per 4 m of
height of the structural separation, or the building design movement, where known. Design
of systems to achieve this shall be in accordance with section 4.

C5.8.3
sN
Where a connection is necessary between two structural systems, it should be provided
with adequate flexibility and be as close to ground level as possible. Bellows type
rd
expansion joints are usually unsuitable. Offsets, bends, and loops provide the best means
of crossing seismic joints. Where thermal expansion joints are of the sliding or bellows
da

type, suitable limit stops should be provided to prevent the joint pulling apart.
1347890
202.56.51.79

lexibility may be achieved through piping flexibility or by the use of flexible grooved
F
joints, providing axial and lateral pipe connection equivalent to the pipe strength.
an

esign and location of seismic restraints should take into account thermal expansion
D
and control.
St

5.8.4 Restraints
Pipes shall be restrained at the points of: connection of branch pipes, connections to
ht

equipment, on at least one side of flexible couplings, and where the free swaying of the
pipe may damage other building elements.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

5.8.4.1 Horizontal pipes

Each straight length of horizontal pipe shall have at least two transverse restraints and
py

one longitudinal restraint. Continuous lengths of pipe with an offset along the length (see
figure 16) that is less than the corresponding maximum spacing given in table 6 may be
considered as a single length of pipe for the purposes of longitudinal restraint.
Co

Longitudinal restraint of a pipe length can be provided by transverse restraint of connected

perpendicular pipes at elbows, bends, or tees, as long as the connected pipes are of the
same size, or no more than one nominal size smaller, and the transverse restraint of the
connected pipe is located within 600 mm of the elbow, bend or tee (see figure 16).

59
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

5.8.4.2 Vertical pipes

Each length of vertical pipe shall have at least two transverse restraints in each orthogonal
direction (see figure 16).

*
Pipe restraints, including braces and fixings, shall be designed and installed in accordance

d
with section 4, or 3.10 and 3.11, to resist the forces determined from 3.6.

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

All restraints shall be installed within two pipe diameters of a vertical support. Transverse
restraints shall be installed perpendicular to the pipe axis, with the centreline as closely
as practical intersecting with the pipe axis. Longitudinal restraints shall be aligned with
the axis of the pipe. See figure 17 for examples.

Ze
5.8.5 Steam piping
Restraint of steam pipe networks exceeding the conditions in 5.8.1 shall be designed and

ew
installed in accordance with section 4 of this Standard so that the pipe network will meet
the performance criterion of this Standard.

Steam piping shall be classified as P1, P2, or P3 as applicable (see table 2).

C5.8.5
sN
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

60
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

202.56.51.79
1347890
Co
py
rig
ht
St
an

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da

Figure 16 – Pipework restraints

rd
sN
ew
Ze
ala
n d
*

61
NZS 4219:2009
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht

Figure 17 – Examples of pipework restraint

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

5.8.6 Gas piping

All gas pipework exceeding the conditions in 5.8.1 shall be designed and installed
py

in accordance with section 4 of this Standard so that the pipe network will meet the
performance criterion being considered.
Co

Gas piping shall be classified as P1, P2, or P3 as applicable (see table 2).

The gas supply pipe passing from the ground into the building shall be designed to withstand
the highest credible value of the seismic deflection of the building without rupture.

62
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

C5.8.6
For installations with a gas consumption exceeding 700 kW, consideration should be

*
given to fitting a seismic shut-off valve. These devices are not recommended where
numerous small appliances are used, because of the need to purge and recommission

d
the system before the service is restored.

n
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

5.8.7 Liquid fuel piping

All liquid fuel pipework exceeding the conditions in 5.8.1 shall be designed and installed
so as to remain operational at the earthquake loadings specified in this Standard. Liquid

Ze
fuel piping shall be in accordance with 3.3.

The installation shall be designed and installed to reduce fire and other hazards from
earthquake damaged equipment.

ew
C5.8.7
The risk of fire following an earthquake can be reduced by:

sN
(a) Locating fuel-burning equipment where it is accessible, to facilitate fire fighting;
(b) Storing a minimum of fuel above ground and in buildings;
(c) Reticulation of fuel, outside the building; and
rd
( d) The use of ductile (steel) flues and chimneys, rather than brittle masonry and brick
construction.
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

5.8.8 Water service

an

All water pipework exceeding the conditions in 5.8.1 shall be designed and installed so as
to remain operational at the earthquake loadings specified in this Standard. Water supply
piping shall be considered as at least category P5 (see table 2).
St

C5.8.8
Water distribution pipes and tanks essential for the continued functioning of the building
ht

should be designed and located to facilitate repairs.

he importance of water stored on site and available after an earthquake should be considered
T
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

in all buildings, particularly those with a post-event function (importance level 4).

I n importance level 4 buildings where water is essential to the continued operation,

the quantity and security of on-site storage should be carefully assessed. Provision
py

should be made for the delivery of water by mobile tanker, and, where possible, supplies
should be available from two independent sources. In addition to normal restraints,
tanks, pipes, and pumps should be located for reasonable access and provided with
Co

bypass connections and suitably labelled isolating valves. Isolating valves should be
in easily accessible locations, and they should be provided for main branches at each
floor in multi-storey buildings.

anks and pipes should be located so that any fracture or leakage would result in
T
minimal water damage and would not affect safety operations. Except for fire services,
pipe joints shall not be located over electrical equipment.

For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

63
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

5.9 Ducting
Rigid ductwork, where the hanger length from the top of the duct to the structural support

*
exceeds 200 mm, shall be restrained against seismic forces determined in accordance
with this Standard.

n d
Flexible ductwork greater than 1.5 m in length shall be restrained in accordance with
this clause.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ducting not requiring restraint shall be installed with a clearance of 150 mm from hangers
and braces for suspended ceiling systems or other adjacent suspended components.

Ze
Duct restraints, including braces and fixings shall be designed and installed in accordance
with section 4 or 3.10 and 3.11 to resist the forces determined from 3.6.

Suspended components that are installed in line with the duct system and have an

ew
operating weight greater than 10 kg, such as fans, heat exchangers and humidifiers,
shall be supported and laterally braced independently of the duct system in accordance
with 5.15.
sN
Registers and grilles shall have positive fixings to the ducting. Ducting between ceiling
mounted grilles and rigidly mounted ducting shall be flexible, or movement provision
provided. Dampers, louvres and diffusers shall be positively attached to the duct with
rd
mechanical fasteners. Duct tape shall not be used to provide mechanical fixing or seismic
resistance.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

For installations where the failure of the service could result in the release of toxic fumes
or gases, an installation complying with A practical guide to seismic restraint (Tauby et.
an

al.), shall be deemed to comply with this Standard.

C5.9
In most installations, damage to ducting will present no particular hazard, but precautions
St

need to be taken to prevent freely suspended ducts from damaging building elements
(such as ceilings), or causing a hazard by falling. It is important that ducting supports
and restraints do not come apart during earthquakes; open hooks and some slotted
ht

fixings are unsuitable. Split pins, bolts and nuts with spring washers, and welds provide
positive fixings.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

5.10 Hazardous substances

py

Mechanical components that contain hazardous material shall be classified as at least P3

in accordance with table 2 of this Standard for the purpose of design of restraints.
Co

C5.10
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

5.10.1 Operational plant and equipment

Plant and equipment that produces heat or contains hazardous substances shall be
classified P1, P2, or P3 as applicable (see table 2).

Restraints and fixings shall be designed and installed in accordance with section 4 or
3.10 to resist the forces determined from 3.7 or 3.8.

64
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Where interruption of the energy source could give rise to a fire hazard (immediately or on
reinstatement of the building service), it shall incorporate an automatic shut down device
and require manual restarting.

*
C5.10.1

d
The shutting down operation can be provided by a fuse, an automatic shut-off valve, or

n
a seismically triggered device, but should operate if the appliance has been or is likely
to be seriously damaged.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

Ze
5.11 Non-essential electrical service
All components comprising the electrical supply and distribution system, including resilient
mountings, shall be designed and installed in accordance with section 4 or 3.4 to resist

ew
the forces determined from 3.8.

Components of electrical supply shall be classified P7 as applicable (see table 2).

sN
Electrical reticulation in the form of cable or busbar, together with associated ducting,
conduit, or similar supporting methods, shall be designed and installed to allow relative
movement of the building, or electrical apparatus to which it is connected, or both, without
damage to the electrical reticulation apparatus or building.
rd

Cable trays suspended more than 400 mm below their structural support shall be restrained
da

against seismic forces determined in accordance with this Standard.

1347890
202.56.51.79

Cable trays not requiring restraint shall be installed with a clearance of 150 mm from hangers
an

and braces for suspended ceiling systems or other adjacent suspended components.

Where a cable enters the building through a foundation, a sleeved penetration shall be
used to accommodate movement of at least 25 mm in all directions.
St

Cables, conduit, and cable trays crossing a structural separation shall be provided with
sufficient flexibility to accommodate horizontal and vertical movement determined in
ht

accordance with 4.2.2.

All electrical components contained within cabinets, shall be positively restrained with
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

straps, bars, bolts, and similar devices.

Switchboards shall not contain mercury switches or other gravity-operated devices if their
py

incorrect operation during an earthquake would cause danger to life or property.

Cabinets shall have hinged or sliding doors fitted with top and bottom catches.
Co

C5.11
Electrical supply includes the main distribution board and all cables and equipment
between the main distribution board and the supply point, considered to be 1 m from
the building. These services provide a greater risk of hazard and therefore they require
a high risk category.

65
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

here it is necessary to cross building seismic joints with cables, the crossing should
W
occur at the lowest possible floor. Additional draw-in boxes with sufficient flex should

*
be provided in long conduit runs to avoid tensioning of the conductors.

d
Lift-off panels may fall on live terminals during earthquakes.

n
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

5.12 Emergency electrical systems

All of the components and cabling of emergency electrical systems shall be classified as

Ze
category P4 (see table 2). Resilient mountings shall comply with 5.5.

Battery installations shall comply with the following requirements:

(a) All batteries in racks shall be strapped, or otherwise restrained, to prevent falling;

ew
(b) Spacers shall be used between restraints and cells to prevent damage to cases;
(c) Racks and cabinets shall be fixed in accordance with this Standard; and
(d) Sufficient slack shall be provided in all connections to allow for any likely relative
movement between components. sN
C5.12
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.
rd

5.13 Suspended ceilings, equipment supported by the ceiling, and

da

equipment in ceiling voids

1347890
202.56.51.79

Suspended ceilings are outside the scope of this Standard. Where service loads are
an

greater than 3 kg/m2, the ceiling designer should be advised.

Equipment supported by the ceiling, such as air distribution grilles, diffusers, and other
St

fittings not exceeding 10 kg mass, shall be positively fixed to the ceiling suspension system,
but not supported by the ceiling panels or tiles. Service connections from ceiling supported
equipment to ducts, pipes or cables, independently supported from the structure, shall be
flexible. Where additional backup supports are used which are not normally under tension,
ht

they should not allow the equipment to drop more than 100 mm.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Equipment exceeding 10 kg mass in the ceiling void or at ceiling level shall be independently
fixed to the structure in accordance with this clause.
py

Equipment supported independently of the ceiling, and in accordance with this clause,
shall have a clearance of 25 mm all round to allow independent movement between
component and ceiling.
Co

Ceiling suspension systems (hangers, braces, and so forth) shall be located with a
clearance in accordance with table 15 from all other services and equipment installed in
ceiling voids.

Individual components with a mass exceeding 25 kg shall be designed in accordance with
section 4 of this Standard.

Electrical (or other) cables/fixtures shall not be attached to suspended ceiling hanger
supports, but shall be independently supported in accordance with clearances illustrated
in table 15.

66
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

C5.13
Suspended ceilings should be designed and constructed in accordance with AS/NZS

*
2785. This Standard includes a seismic loading allowance of 3 kg/m2 for distributed
services supported by the ceiling.

d
here resilient mountings are required they should employ restraining devices, bumpers
W

n
or snubbers and connection piping should be arranged to reduce potential damage
to fuel, cooling water, and exhaust lines. All service lines should be kept as short as

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

possible, compatible with providing adequate flexibility.

For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

Ze
5.14 Luminaires
All fixings, including those for detachable accessories (such as diffusers, light controllers),
shall be of a positive locking type designed to prevent disengagement under earthquake

ew
action.

Where luminaires are recessed or surface-mounted on suspended ceilings, they shall be

sN
positively clamped to the ceiling suspension main runners (T-rails) or to cross runners
having the same carrying capacity. Clamping shall be by means of screws and nuts or
locking type clamping devices.
rd
C5.14
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.
da

5.15 Independently suspended ceiling components

1347890
202.56.51.79

Isolated ceiling components such as piping or light fixtures, lighted signs, and ceiling fans
an

(not connected to ducts), that are supported by wires, chains or otherwise suspended from
the structure, shall not be required to satisfy the seismic force and relative displacement
requirements provided they meet all of the following criteria:
St

(a) The design load for such items shall be 1.4 times the operating weight acting down
with a simultaneous horizontal load equal to 1.4 times the operating weight. The
horizontal load shall be applied in the direction which results in the most critical
ht

loading for design;

(b) Seismic interaction effects shall be considered in accordance with 2.3.2; and
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24

(c) The fixings to the structure shall allow a 360° range of horizontal motion.
15

All other suspended components shall be restrained in accordance with section 4 or 3.10
and 3.11 to resist the forces determined from 3.8.
py

C5.15
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.
Co

5.16 Communication, data, and control systems

Electrical control panels, computer equipment and other items with slide-out components,
shall be classified as Category P6 (see table 2).

These items shall have a latching mechanism that restrains the item against a force of
twice its own weight in the slide-in direction.

C5.16
For importance level 4 buildings, P5 may govern.

67
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Appendix A –
Building importance levels

*
(Normative)

d
This appendix provides a description and examples of building importance levels.

n
Importance Comment Examples
level

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

1 Structures Structures with a total floor area of <30 m2

presenting a low Farm buildings, isolated structures, towers in rural situations
degree of hazard

Ze
Fences, masts, walls, in-ground swimming pools
to life and other
property
2 Normal structures Buildings not included in importance levels 1, 3 or 4

ew
and structures not Single family dwellings
in other Car parking buildings
importance levels
3 Structures that,
as a whole, may
sN
Buildings and facilities as follows:
(a) Where more than 300 people can congregate in one area;
contain people in (b) Day-care facilities with a capacity greater than 150;
rd
crowds, or contents (c) Primary school or secondary school facilities with a capacity
of high value to the greater than 250;
community, or pose (d) Colleges or adult education facilities with a capacity greater than
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
risks to people in 500;
crowds (e) Healthcare facilities with a capacity of 50 or more resident patients,
without surgery or emergency treatment facilities;
an

(f) Airport terminals and principal railway stations with a capacity

greater than 250;
St

(g) Correctional institutions;

(h) Multi-occupancy residential, commercial (including shops),
industrial, office and retailing buildings designed to accommodate
ht

more than 5 000 people and with a gross area greater than
10 000 m2;
(i) Public assembly buildings, theatres, and cinemas of greater than
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

1 000 m2.

Emergency medical and other emergency facilities not designated as

py

post-disaster

Power-generating facilities, water treatment and waste water treatment

Co

facilities, and other public utilities not designated as post-disaster

Buildings and facilities not designated as post-disaster containing

hazardous materials capable of causing hazardous conditions that do
not extend beyond the property boundaries

68
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

4 Structures with Buildings and facilities designated as essential facilities

special post-

*
disaster functions Buildings and facilities with special post-disaster function

d
Medical emergency or surgical facilities
Emergency service facilities such as fire and police stations, and

n
emergency vehicle garages

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Utilities or emergency supplies or installations required as backup for

buildings and facilities of importance level 4

Ze
Designated emergency shelters, designated emergency centres and
ancillary facilities

ew
Buildings and facilities containing hazardous materials capable
of causing hazardous conditions that extend beyond the property
boundaries
5 Special structures
(outside the scope
sN
Structures that have special functions or whose failure poses
catastrophic risk to a large area (such as 100 km2) or a large number of
of this Standard people (such as 100 000)
rd
– acceptable
probability of failure Major dams, extreme hazard facilities
to be determined by
da

special study)
1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

69
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

APPENDIX B –
Component classifications

*
(Normative)
This appendix provides component classifications for specific components.

n d
Component or system Category Comment

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Air conditioning systems (distributed) P7 –

Air conditioning systems (self-contained) P7 If able to fall > 3 m category is P3. If the unit
is also over a publicly accessible open space,

Ze
category is P1
Boiler P3 See 5.10
Building maintenance unit P1 –

ew
Communication equipment (phone, data, P7 –
security, control systems)
Computer equipment
Electrical distribution
P7
P7
sN
–
–
Electrical supply P7 See 5.11
rd
Emergency lighting P4 See 5.12
Emergency power supply P4 See 5.12
da

Fire door 1347890

202.56.51.79 P4 –
Fire fighting system other than sprinklers P4 –
an

(including smoke extraction)

Hazardous materials systems (including gas, P3 See 5.8.5, 5.8.6, and 5.8.7
steam and so forth)
St

Lighting systems (non-emergency) P7 –

Solid fuel heater P3 –
ht

Suspended ceilings P2, P3, Any one or more of these apply subject to the
P4, and building importance level and occupancy type, (such
rig

3
03
39
75

as a Level 2 could require a P3 and P4 category, a

70
24
15

P5
Level 3 could require a P2, P3 and P4 category, and
a Level 4 would require a P5 category).
py

Ventilation systems (including extractor fans) P7 –

Waste disposal system P7 –
Co

Water heater (low/mains pressure) P3 –

Water storage tank P7 Roof mounted tanks adjacent to public open
spaces, category is P1
Water supply system (non-fire suppression) P7 Where a leak could affect critical contents
below, category is P6
NOTE – If the listed components are essential to the continued operation of an importance level 4 building (buildings with a
special post-disaster function), they will be category P5.

70
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

APPENDIX C –
Performance factors

*
(Normative)
This appendix provides performance factors for specific components and their specific type of installation.

n d
Component Type Restraint Performance
factor, Cp

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Horizontal or vertical piping Steel, flanged joints Suspended and braced to 0.45
Steel, welded or grooved the structure
joints

Ze
Steel, screwed joints 0.65
Copper, brazed joints 0.55
Polypropylene 0.25

ew
Horizontal or vertical rigid ducting Suspended and braced to 0.45
(including in-line components) structure
Rigid metal exhaust flue

Cable tray
sN
Braced to the structure
Cantilevered from its base
Suspended and braced to
0.45
0.55
0.45
the structure
rd
Tank (non-pressure) Floor mounted Ductile base fixing 0.55
Limited-ductile base fixing 0.85
da

1347890
202.56.51.79 Braced to structure 0.55
Direct attached to timber or 0.55
an

steel wall (such as hot water

cylinder)
Direct attached to concrete 0.85
St

or masonry wall
On a stand 2-way moment resisting stand 0.45
Braced to structure 0.55
ht

Pressure tank (for example LPG Floor mounted cradle 0.85

tank)
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Compact component (boiler, Floor mounted Ductile base fixing 0.55

pump, solid fuel heater) Limited-ductile base fixing 0.85
Vibration isolated 0.75
py

Braced to structure 0.55

Suspended Suspended and braced to 0.55
Co

the structure
Non-compact component (such Floor mounted 0.45
as chiller or cooling tower)
Metal cabinet (such as electrical, Floor mounted 0.45
communication, rack mounted Braced to structure 0.55
computer equipment)
Light fitting (excluding lights Direct fixed to structure 0.85
mounted in suspended ceilings) Suspended and braced to 0.55
structure

71
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

APPENDIX D –
Example calculations

*
(Informative)

d
D1 List of examples

n
This appendix gives typical examples of using this Standard to calculate design solutions

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

to restrain engineering systems. The following worked examples have been provided:

Description Clause

Ze
Boiler D2
Ventilation duct D3

Pressure tank D4

ew
Fire hydrant pipe D5
Thin-walled water tank on top of a multi-storey office building D6

Pipe loop crossing a seismic break

sN
Thin-walled water tank on top of a multi-storey healthcare building D7
D8
Ceiling suspended 35 kg air conditioner (mounted 400 mm below D9
rd
concrete slab)
Ceiling suspended 350 kg air conditioner (mounted 1000 mm below D10
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
concrete slab)
Oil supply service tank in a top floor plant room D11
an

Oil supply service tank in top floor D12

Plinth D13
St

Electrical cabinet D14

ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

72
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D2 Boiler
Given:

*
A boiler with a mass of 2000 kg (complete with water) is located on the top storey of a

d
six-storey hospital building in the Hutt Valley and is required to be operational after an
earthquake, see figure D1.

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

Figure D1 – Boiler example and force diagram

1347890
202.56.51.79

Required:
an

Determine the number and size of hold-down anchors

Solution:
St

Step 1 – Classify the building and the component

The building is required to be able to continue providing services after an

earthquake. The importance level is 4 (see table 1).
ht

The system is essential for the operational continuity of the functions carried out
in the building.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

The boiler is designed to be operated unattended and access to the plant

room is restricted to authorised people and then only for routine maintenance
py

and inspection, so failure of any part of the boiler does not present a hazard
to life. The component category is P5 (see table 2). If the access restriction was
not in place, thus allowing proximity to personnel, the component category would
Co

be P3, which would over-ride its load demand as a P5 component.

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

The boiler is above ground floor, CH = 3

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4.............................. (see table 3)

Performance factor, Cp = 0.85.......(see 3.4.2, or Appendix C)

Component risk factor, Rc = 1.0 (for IL4 and P5).... (see table 5)

73
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.4 × 0.85 × 1

= 2.75

*
Weight of the boiler, W = 2000 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

d
= 19.62 kN

n
The lateral force on the boiler, F = C×W

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

= 2.75 × 19.62
= 53.96 kN

The restraint system must be designed for a lateral force of 54 kN acting through

Ze
the centre of gravity of the boiler. The boiler is supplied by the manufacturer as
a floor-mounted component with a support near each corner. The hold-down
anchors on the boiler legs are required to resist the resulting shear and tension

ew
forces.

The horizontal (shear) force on the anchors, Rh, may be found from equation 3.5.

sN
Rh
rd
The tension force from overturning about the anchors on the opposite side is
calculated from equation 3.6:
da

Rvt – +
1347890
202.56.51.79
an

Step 3 – Determine the arrangement of hold-down anchors to withstand these loads

St

The edge distance for the anchors is greater than 200 mm so figure 11(b) can be
used to determine anchor arrangements.

An M16 bolt embedded 125 mm in the concrete will be acceptable for each leg
ht

base plate.

The legs or support system, including the fixing of the legs to the body of the
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

boiler, needs to also be designed to be, or assessed as, capable of sustaining

these forces.
py
Co

74
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D3 Ventilation duct
Given:

*
A ventilation duct is suspended above a hospital operating theatre in Auckland. Ducting
weighing 150 kg shall be seismically restrained at every third gravity support, see figure D2.

n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
Figure D2 – Side elevation of ventilation duct example

Required: sN
Seismic loadings in supports, design of lateral bracing.
rd
Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and the component
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
The hospital needs to be able to continue to provide services after an earthquake.
The importance level is 4 (see table 1).
an

Seismic displacement need not be considered as unit is supported from one

floor only.

A gravity support failure represents a falling hazard to individual lives within the
St

building. The part category is P3 (see table 2).

The lateral supports are essential for the operational continuity of the functions
ht

of the unit. The part category is P5 (see table 2).

rig

3
03

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

39
75
70
24
15

The duct is above ground floor, CH = 3

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.13............................ (see table 3)

py

Performance factor, Cp = 0.45.......(see 3.4.2, or Appendix C)

Component risk factor, Rc = 1.6 (for IL4 and P3).... (see table 5)
Co

NOTE – The higher risk factor between life safety (P3) and operational continuity
(P5) has been used.

Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.13 × 0.45 × 1.6

= 0.758

Weight of the duct, W = 150 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

= 1.472 kN

75
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

The lateral force on the duct, F = C×W

= 0.758 x 1.472

*
= 1.12 kN

d
Step 3 – Determine the arrangement of bracing layout

The bracing angle, θ = 22°.

n
NOTE – As the bracing angle is less than 30°, in accordance with 3.8, no vertical

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

hanger checks are required.

The brace loading, P =

Ze

= ±

= ± 1.21 kN

ew
Use 3.2 mm galvanised steel wire, opposing pair, tension bracing from table 13.

NOTE – Duct capacity to span horizontally between supports also needs to be

considered.
sN
Final layout of the duct and supports shown in figure D3.
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Figure D3 – Final layout of the duct and supports

py
Co

76
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D4 Pressure tank
Given:

*
Pressure tank at ground level of a shopping centre building located in Wellington. Support
by 4 braced RHS legs bolted to the floor with cast-in anchor bolts. Weight of full tank is

d
4,600 kg, see figure D4.

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Figure D4 – Pressure tank example and force diagram

an

Required:
Size of legs and hold-down anchors.
St

Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and component
ht

The building is not intended to accommodate more than 5,000 people, however,
the total retail space exceeds 10,000 m2. The importance level is 3 (see table
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

1 and Appendix A).

The pressure tank represents a hazard to a crowd of greater than 100 people
within the building. The part category is P2 (see table 2).
py

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

The pressure tank is at ground level, CH = 1.0

Co

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4............................. (see table 3)

Performance factor (for anchors), Cp = 0.85.......(see 3.4.2 or Appendix C)

Component risk factor, Rc = 1.3 (for IL3 and P2)... (see table 5)

Hence C = 2.7 × 1.0 × 0.4 × 0.85 × 1.3

= 1.19 (less than 3.6)

Weight of the pressure tank, W = 4,600 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

= 45 kN

77
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

The lateral force on the tank, F = C×W

= 1.19 x 45

*
= 53.55 kN

d
Step 3 – Determine the arrangement of mounting
Design may be based on rigid mounting.

n
As this is a floor mounted component, figure 5 is appropriate.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Horizontal force at base of each leg may be evaluated using equation 3.5:

Ze
ew
Vertical force in each leg may be evaluated using equation 3.6. The most critical situation
is earthquake loading about the diagonal axis (A-A), where:

h = 1+

B = 1.5 (the diagonal distance between

sN = 2

the legs)
rd
R v =
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
= 71.4 + 11.3

= 82.7 kN
an

These forces in the legs will result in a bending moment in the leg and a critical connection
with the tank wall. This will require specific design using NZS 3404. An alternative solution
is to add braces, as shown in figure D5.
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

Figure D5 – Alternative solution for pressure tank bracing

78
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

where

*
n d
Force in each brace attached to one leg is:

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
From table 14, for a brace length of 1.5 metres, a 50 × 50 × 5 angle acting in compression
has a capacity of 15 kN and will need to be fitted and fully welded at each end.

ew
Design of anchors to the slab. The anchors will have an edge distance greater than
200 mm, so select from figure 11(b).

sN
For shear of 13.4 kN and tension of 82.7 kN, choose 2 × M20 cast-in anchors (or equivalent
proprietary anchor selected from suitable manufacturers data prepared in limit state). The
selected anchors may require a local thickening of the ground floor slab to accommodate
rd
the required embedment.
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

79
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D5 Fire hydrant pipe

Given:

*
A wet riser is to be installed over the height of an elastically designed five-storey office

d
building being constructed in Upper Hutt. The pipe is 150 mm steel pipe, with 0.38 kN/m
weight (including the hydrants and water) and will have welded joints. The riser will be

n
restrained against lateral loading at each floor of the building. The storey height (height
between each of the floors) is 4 m.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Required:
The horizontal seismic force for all restraints needs to be determined.

Ze
Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and component

ew
The building represents a normal building. The importance level is 2 (see
table 1).

The component is part of the building’s life safety system. The part category is
P4 (see table 2).

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

sN
Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.42............... (see table 3)
rd
Performance factor (for steelpipe, welded), Cp = 0.45................(see 3.4.2 or
. Appendix C)
da

Rc = 1.0.................. (see table 5)

1347890
202.56.51.79

Component risk factor,

There are five acceleration coefficients, one for each floor.

an

Seismic height coefficient is as follows:

Floor Height from ground Floor height coefficient, CH

St

(m)
5 20 3.0
ht

4 16 3.0
3 12 3.0
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

2 8 3.0
1 4 3.0
py

G 0 1.0

Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × CH × Z × Cp × Rc

Co

Floor Lateral force coefficient, C

5 1.53
4 1.53
3 1.53
2 1.53
1 1.53
G 0.51

80
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

At ground and roof level, the restraints support 2m of pipe:

Weight of the pipe full of water, W = 0.38 kN/m × 2 m

*
= 0.76 kN

d
For every other floor level, 4 m of pipe is supported:

n
Weight of the pipe full of water, W = 0.38 kN/m × 4 m

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

= 1.52 kN

The lateral force on the pipe is, F = C×W

Coefficient, C

Ze
Floor Weight, W Restraint force, F
(kN) (kN)
5 1.53 0.76 1.16

ew
4 1.53 1.52 2.33
3 1.53 1.52 2.33
2 1.53 1.52 2.33
1
G
1.53
0.51
sN
1.52
0.76
2.33
0.39
rd
Step 3 – Determine the relative displacement of the building between restraint attachment
points
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
The calculated design displacement between floors is:

Storey Displacement
an

(mm)
4-5 25
3-4 30
St

2-3 45
1-2 65
ht

G-1 80
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

These are less than the value given in 3.5.

Step 4 – Determine the arrangements of the restraints

At each floor level, two orthogonal restraints are required, as shown in figure
py

3(b) and figure 16. Restraints will be required to accommodate the displacements
determined in step 3. A selection of MS flats from table 13 and table 14 will
Co

provide the necessary tension and compression resistance, with sufficient

flexibility to allow for the displacements. Clearance must also be provided
between the pipe and the penetrations through the concrete floor slabs. The
penetrations must be fire rated if the pipe is not in a fire rated shaft.

81
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D6 Thin-walled water tank on top of a multi-storey office building

Given:

*
A thin-walled water tank with fixed lid and full mass of 5,140 kg is installed on the
roof of a multi-storey office building. The building is located in Wellington.

d
The roof has perimeter parapet walls, which will contain any spillage and prevent

n
the tank from falling off the roof should failure of the restraints occur. Failure of the

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

component would not constitute a special hazard to life safety, or compromise the
operational continuity of the building and the damage caused by its failure would
not be disproportionately great, see figure D6.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Figure D6 – Thin walled water tank force diagram

an

Required:
St

Seismic bracing without penetrating the safe tray.

Hydrodynamic effects and friction between the base of the tank and the safe tray may be
disregarded. The tank mass is less than 20% of the building (within the limits of 1.1.2).
ht

Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and component
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

The building is a normal office building. The importance level is 2 (see table 1).

The component represents a hazard representative of category P7 (see table 2).

py

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

The water tank is on the roof, CH = 3

Co

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4.............................. (see table 3)

Performance factor, Cp = 0.85............................... (see 3.4.2)

NOTE – The Cp is based on the tank being floor mounted and braced to the structure.

Component risk factor, Rc = 0.25............................ (see table 5)

Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.4 × 0.85 × 0.25

= 0.70

82
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Weight of tank, W = 5,140 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

= 50.4 kN

*
The lateral force on the water tank, F = C×W

d
= 0.70 × 50.4
= 35.3 kN

n
Step 3 – Determine the arrangement of bracing to withstand these loads. As the bracing

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

arrangement is not covered in section 3, this will need to be a specific structural

design using the verification procedures of section 4.

By taking moments about A, tension

Ze
in band =

= 8.8 kN

ew
By taking moments about B, tension
in wire =

sN = 24.9 kN

NOTE – The tension wires are at a small angle to the orthogonal axes which will increase
the load slightly. The effect of this will be small and for this example has been ignored.
rd
Select a 12 mm diameter rod ft =
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

= 220 MPa (< 250 MPa therefore design

is acceptable)
an

Compression in BB’ =
St

= 17.6 kN

NOTE – The maximum capacity of angle brace (50 × 50 × 5) for a length of 1.1 m (by
interpolation) is 24 kN (see table 14).
ht

Bending moment at centre M = 8.8 × 1.1

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

= 9.7 kN/m
NOTE – Table 14, capacity of braces in compression, cannot be used because compression
is combined with bending. The member size must therefore be determined by specific
py

design.

Section modulus Zc
Co

= 27.7 x 103 mm3

Consider a 76 × 76 × 4.9 SHS

83
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

N* < θNS; N* < θNC

where
N* = 17.6 kN

*
θNS = 413 kN

d
θNC = 379 kN

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Section conforms to the use of alternative design provisions from NZS 3404 and can be
used.
Mrx = 1.18 Msx (1 - ) < Msx

Ze
Zc = lesser of S = 34.1 x 103 mm3 or 1.5 × Z = 41.9 x 103 mm3

Msx = f y × Zc = 350 × 34.1 × 10-3 = 11.9 kNm

ew
N* = 17.6 kN, ф = 0.9

Ns = 867 kN (from proprietary steel section tables)

Mrx = 1.18 × 11.9 × (1 -
sN
Mrx = Msx = 11.9 kNm > 9.7 kNm
) = 13.5 kNm ( >11.9 kNm)

Design is acceptable. The final layout of the thin-walled tank and bracing is illustrated
rd
in figure D7.
da

1347890
Top and bottom bands, stress f t =
202.56.51.79

= 29.3 MPa
an

Yield stress = 250 MPa

Weld SHS to band, assume 5 mm fillet weld, stress

St

f w =
ht

= 24.8 MPa (<137 MPa = 0.55 fuw)

The bearing stress on the tank must be kept low to avoid local buckling. Select a 50 × 6 flat.
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Band
py

RHS

B'
Co

1.1 m

45°
A B

Band

Figure D7 – Final layout of thin-walled tanks and supports

84
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D7 Thin-walled water tank on top of a multi-storey healthcare

building

*
Given:
A thin-walled water tank with fixed lid and full mass of 8,000 kg is installed on top of a

d
multi-storey healthcare building located in Wellington. The building contains 75 resident

n
patients.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

The tank is situated immediately adjacent to an opening in the roof which is directly over
an open air area where patients spend time recuperating on fine days. While failure of the
tank would not be likely to result in major life loss, its failure could still constitute a hazard

Ze
to individual life in the building.

Required:
Seismic bracing without penetrating the safe tray.

ew
Hydrodynamic effects and friction between the base of the tank and the safe tray may be
disregarded. The tank mass is less than 20% of the building (within the limits of 1.1.2).

Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and component
sN
The building is a healthcare building. The importance level is 3 (see table 1).
rd
The component represents a hazard representative of category P3 (see table 2).
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

The water tank is on the roof, CH = 3

an

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4.............................. (see table 3)

Performance factor, Cp = 0.55........(see 3.4.2 or Appendix C)

St

NOTE – The Cp is based on the tank being floor mounted and braced to the structure.
ht

Component risk factor, Rc = 1.2.............................. (see table 5)

Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.4 × 0.55 × 1.2

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

= 2.1

Weight of component, W = 8,000 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

py

= 78.4 kN

The lateral force on the water tank, F = C×W

Co

= 2.1 × 78.4

= 164.64 kN

NOTE – As with D6, section 3 cannot be used. The member size must therefore
be determined by specific design using the verification procedures of section 4.

85
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D8 Pipe loop crossing a seismic break

Given:

*
A steam pipe crosses the seismic gap between a podium and tower block. The project

d
structural engineer has advised that the expected movements of the two parts of the
building under ULS are as shown in figure D8. Vertical movement across the joint is

n
insignificant.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St

Figure D8 – Pipe loop crossing seismic break

Required:
The seismic movement must be accommodated with a flexible loop or coupling.
ht

Solution:
rig

3
03
39
75
70

Total deflection along the pipe axis is 100 + 85 = 185 mm, and perpendicular to the axis
24
15

is 100 + 150 = 250 mm.

The total seismic separation joint assembly as shown, made up of flexible couplings and
py

suitable length nipples, can be used to accommodate the required movements, see figure
D9 for examples of flexible couplings.
Co

86
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

202.56.51.79
1347890
Co
py
rig
ht
St
an

All measurements are in mm.

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da
rd

Figure D9 – Examples of flexible couplings

sN
ew
Ze
ala
nd
*

87
NZS 4219:2009
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D9 Ceiling suspended 35 kg air conditioner (mounted 400 mm below

concrete slab)

*
Given:
A ceiling suspended 35 kg air conditioner in a Wellington office building mounted 400 mm

d
below concrete slab (see figure D10).

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
Figure D10 – Air conditioner suspended below a concrete slab
sN
Required:
rd
Provide lateral bracing, including anchors to slab.

Solution:
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Step 1 – Classify the building and component

The building is a normal structure. The importance level is 2 (see table 1).
an

The component falling represents a hazard to an individual life. The category

is P3 (see table 2).
St

Seismic displacement need not be considered as the unit is supported from one
floor only.
ht

Step 2 – Determine the load demand

The unit is above ground floor, CH = 3

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4............................ (see table 3)

Performance factor, Cp = 0.55...... (see 3.4.2 or Appendix C)

py

NOTE – Compact component is braced to structure.

Component risk factor, Rc = 0.9 (for IL2 and P3).... (see table 5)
Co

The seismic coefficient for

the brace design, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.4 × 0.55 × 0.9
= 1.60

Weight of the component, W = 35 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

= 343 N

The lateral force on the component, F = C × W

= 1.60 × 343
= 549 N

88
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Step 3 – Determine the arrangement of bracing and anchors to withstand these loads.
Proposed bracing layout is shown in figure D11.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
Figure D11 – Bracing layout for air conditioner suspended 400 mm below
concrete slab

ew
θ = tan-1

= 57.9° < 60°

sN
This angle is acceptable (equation 3.30); however, vertical capacity of gravity
hangers must be checked as, θ > 30° (see 3.8).

Consider loading on one side of unit. Forces are as described below in figure D12:
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht

Figure D12 – Air conditioner (suspended 400 mm) force diagram

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Brace axial load, P =

=
py

= ± 518 N
Co

From 3.11.3, a 25 x 25 x 3 EA (maximum of 0.5 m long), attached with an M8 bolt

fixing will be satisfactory under compression.

Vertical hanger load. In the described configuration, two braces are attached
to a single vertical hanger at 90 degrees to each other in plan, and the applied
seismic loading can occur in any direction.

Seismic load must therefore be multiplied by 140% for the load in the vertical hanger.

89
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Equation 3.13 may be used to determine this load, and the dead load of the
component must also be included.

*
P =

d
=

n
= 444 N or 787 N

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

From 3.11.2, a 25 × 25 × 3 EA or 12 × 3 flat, either one attached with an M8 bolt

fixing will be satisfactory under tension (clearance for bolts will determine final

Ze
size).

Step 4 – Determine anchor size (note that the seismic component of the forces on the
anchor must be factored by 0.85/0.55 to allow for the differing performance
factors), see figure D13.

ew
sN
Figure D13 – Force diagram for air conditioner (suspended 400 mm)
rd
anchor size

For the brace anchors:

da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Shear force = 518 x cos58 x 0.85/0.55

= 424 N
an

Tension force = 518 x sin58 x 0.85/0.55

= 679 N
St

For the anchors to the vertical hanger:

Tension force =
ht

= 1040 N
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

From figure 10(b), M10 cast-in anchors throughout will be satisfactory.

py
Co

90
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D10 Ceiling suspended 350 kg air conditioner (mounted 1000 mm below

concrete slab)

*
Given:
A ceiling suspended 350 kg air conditioner in a Wellington office building mounted

d
1000 mm below concrete slab, (see figure D10).

n
Require:

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Provide lateral bracing, including anchors to slab.

Solution:

Ze
Step 1 – Classify the building and the component

The building is a normal structure. The importance level is 2 (see table 1).

The component falling represents a hazard to an individual life. The category

ew
is P3 (see table 2).

Seismic displacement need not be considered as the unit is supported from one
floor only.

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

sN
The component is above ground, CH = 3
rd
Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4.............................. (see table 3)

Performance factor
da

(for the anchor), Cp = 0.85 .......(see 3.4.2 or Appendix C)

1347890
202.56.51.79

Performance factor (for the

an

compact component braced to

the structure) Cp = 0.55 .......(see 3.4.2 or Appendix C)
St

NOTE – The air conditioner is a compact component braced to the structure.

Component risk factor, Rc = 0.9 (for IL2 and P3).... (see table 5)
ht

Hence, the seismic coefficient

for the braces is, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.4 × 0.55 × 0.9
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

= 1.60

Weight of the component, W = 350 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

py

= 3.43 kN

The lateral force on the component, F = C×W

Co

= 1.60 × 3.43
= 5.49 kN

Step 3 – Determine the arrangement of bracing and anchors to withstand these loads.
Proposed bracing layout is shown in figure D14.

91
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
Figure D14 – Bracing layout for air conditioner suspended 1000 mm below concrete slab

θ =

ew
= 40.2° < 60°

This angle is acceptable. However, vertical capacity of gravity hangers must be

checked as, θ > 30° (see 3.8).
sN
Consider loading of one half of unit. Loadings as described below in figure
D15:
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht

Figure D15 – Air conditioner (suspended 1000 mm) force diagram

Brace axial load, P =

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

= ±
py

= ± 3.59 kN

Brace length is = 1.55 m

Co

From 3.11.3, for a 2 m long brace, a 40 x 40 x 3 EA, attached with an M12 bolt
fixing will be satisfactory under compression.

92
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Vertical hanger load. In the described configuration, two braces are attached
to a single vertical hanger at 90 degrees to each other in plan, and the applied
seismic loading can occur in any direction. Seismic load must therefore be

*
multiplied by 140% for the load in the vertical hanger. Equation 3.13 may be

d
used to determine this load, and the dead load of the component must also be
included.

n
P =

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
= 4.9 kN (compression) or 5.07 kN (tension)

From 3.11.2 for a hanger of 1 m length, a 40 x 40 x 3 EA with an M12 bolt fixing

will be satisfactory under tension and compression.

ew
Step 4 – Determine anchor size (note that the seismic component of the forces on the
anchor must be factored by 0.85/0.55 to allow for the differing performance
factors), see figure D16.
sN
rd
da

Figure D16 – Force diagram for air conditioner (suspended 1000 mm) anchor size
1347890
202.56.51.79

For the brace anchors:

an

Shear force = 3.59 x cos40 x 0.85/0.55

= 4.25 kN
St

Tension force = 3.54 x sin40 x 0.85/0.55

= 3.57 kN
ht

For the anchors to the vertical hanger:

Tension force =
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

= 5.84 kN

From figure 11(b), M10 cast-in anchors throughout will be satisfactory.

py
Co

93
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D11 Oil supply daily service tank in top floor plant room
Given:

*
An oil supply daily service tank, of 3000 kg total mass on a low cross-braced stand, is
to be installed on the top floor plant room of a multi-storey telecommunications building.

d
Located in Palmerston North, the building is designated as an essential emergency service

n
communications facility. See figure D17.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

Figure D17 – Oil supply tank bracing layout

Required:
Determine the size of legs, cross-bracing and hold-down anchors.

Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and the component

The building must be able to continue providing services after an earthquake.

The importance level is 4 (see table 1).

94
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

The component is essential for the operational continuity of the functions carried
out in the building following a SLS2 earthquake. The category is P5 (see table 2).

*
The component presents a hazard as it contains oil, which could spill and pose
a danger to building occupants. In this case the spill will be confined to the

d
plant room so is not considered to represent a significant hazard, otherwise the

n
category would be P2.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

The tank is above ground floor, CH = 3

Seismic zone factor, Z

Ze
= 0.38............................ (see table 3)

Performance factor (for P5), Cp = 0.85............................... (see 3.4.2)

Component risk factor, Rc = 1.0 (for IL4 and P5).... (see table 5)

ew
Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.38 × 0.85 × 1
(for anchors)


=
sN 2.6 (which is less than 3.6, so use
C = 2.6)

Design bracing first to obtain anchor loads

rd
Weight of the component, W = 3,000 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1
= 30 kN
da

1347890
202.56.51.79 The lateral force on the tank, F = C×W
= 2.6 × 30
an

= 78 kN.

Assume the stand is pin-jointed and that cross-bracing will only take load in
St

tension.

Have two frames in each direction to share load.

Load per frame =

ht

= 39 kN
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Taking moments about the top of the frame and assuming centre of mass of the
tank is in the middle

P = = 19.5 .
py

Gravity load on each corner leg

Co

Load =

= 7.5 kN

Force in member AB = 19.5 – 7.5

= 12 kN

Force in member AC = 2×

= 55.2 kN

95
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Force in member CD = 19.5 + 7.5 + (55.2cos45)

= 66 kN

*
Force in member BC = 19.5 kN

d
For the anchor at A, the worst case is combined shear and uplift

n
shear = 39 kN shear
uplift = 12 + 55.2 cos45 = 51 kN uplift

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

The anchor at D will be the same with the seismic load direction reversed and
tension only bracing.

Ze
The forces on the oil supply tank are shown in figure D18.

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an

Figure D18 – Oil supply tank (plant room) force diagram

Step 3 – Determine the size of legs, cross-bracing and hold-down bolts

St

From table 14, consider 75 × 75 × 10 EA for member CD with 80 kN capacity

over 1.5 m length.
From table 14 could use 50 × 50 × 8 EA for member BC with 25 kN capacity
ht

over 1.5 m length, but practically use 75 × 75 x 10 EA as for member CD.

From table 13 could use 40 × 40 × 3 EA welded for member AC with 55 kN

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

tension capacity or equivalent sized flat of 20 × 10 mm or 40 x 5 mm.

For leg fixings, use one of the options below:

py

4 bolts per leg with combined 98 kN shear and 12.8 kN tension capacity.
From figure 11, use 4 x M12 bolts with an assumed edge distance greater than
100 mm or 200 mm.
Co

3 bolts per leg with combined 13 kN shear and 17 kN tension capacity.

From figure 11, use 3 x M16 bolts with an assumed edge distance greater than
100 mm or 200 mm.

2 bolts per leg with combined 19.5 kN shear and 25.6 kN tension capacity.
From figure 11, use 2 x M24 bolts with an assumed edge distance greater than
100 mm or 2 × M16 bolts per leg with an assumed edge distance greater than
200 mm.

Choose 2 × M16 bolts with an assumed edge distance of greater than

200 mm.

96
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D12 Oil supply daily service tank in top floor

Given:

*
An oil supply daily service tank, of 3000 kg total mass on a low cross-braced stand, is
to be installed on the top floor of a multi-storey telecommunications building. Located

d
in Palmerston North, the building is designated as an essential emergency service

n
communications facility, see figure D17.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Required:
Determine the size of legs, cross-bracing and hold-down anchors.

Ze
Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and the component

The building must be able to continue providing services after an earthquake.

ew
The importance level is 4 (see table 1).

The component is essential for the operational continuity of the building following
a SLS2 earthquake. The part category is P5 (see table 2). However, the tank


sN
potentially represents a hazard as it contains oil which could spill and pose a danger
to building occupants. So the part classification is taken as P2.

The structural limit state is ULS. There will most likely be no need to check
deflections under SLS2 for P5.
rd

Step 2 – Determine the load demand

da

1347890
202.56.51.79

The tank is above ground floor, CH = 3

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.38............................ (see table 3)

an

Performance factor (for anchors), Cp = 0.85............................ (see table 5)

St

Performance factor
(for cross-bracing), Cp = 0.55............................ (see table 5)

Component risk factor, Rc = 1.8 (for IL4 and P2).... (see table 5)
ht

Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.38 × 0.85 × 1.8 for fixings
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

= 4.7 (which is greater than 3.6, so use

C = 3.6)

C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.38 × 0.55 × 1.8 for cross-

py

bracing
= 3.05 (which is less than 3.6, so use
C = 3.05)
Co

Design bracing first, then factor loads by to obtain fixing loads or

alternatively recalculate using C = 3.6.

Weight of the component, W = 3000 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

= 30 kN

The lateral force on the tank, F = C×W

= 3.05 × 30
= 91.5 kN.

97
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Have two frames in each direction to share load.

Load per frame =

*
= 45.75 kN

d
Taking moments about the top of the frame and assuming centre of mass of the

n
tank is in the middle

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

P =

Ze
Gravity load on each corner leg.

Load =

= 7.5 kN

ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St

Figure D19 – Oil supply tank (not located in plant room) force diagram
ht

Force in member AB = 22.9 - 7.5

= 15.4 kN
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Force in member AC = 2×

= 64.8 kN
py

Force in member CD = 22.9 + 7.5 + (64.8cos45)

= 76.2 kN
Co

Force in member BC = 22.9 kN

For the anchor at A the worst case is combined shear and uplift.

shear = 47.75 kN
uplift = 15.4 + 64.8 x cos45 = 61.2 kN

98
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

The seismic component of these loads must be factored by for anchor design
because of the differing performance factors:

*
This gives (at A) shear = 47.75 x = 56.4 kN

n d
uplift = (61.2 + 7.5) x - 7.5 = 73.6 kN

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Step 3 – Determine the size of legs, cross-bracing and hold-down bolts

From table 14, consider 75 × 75 × 10 EA for member CD with 80 kN capacity

Ze
over 1.5 m length.

From table 14 could use 50 × 50 × 8 EA for member BC with 25 kN capacity

over 1.5 m length, but practically use 75 × 75 x 10 EA as for member CD.

ew
From table 13 could use 50 × 50 × 3 EA welded for member AC with 69 kN
tension capacity or equivalent sized flat of 50 × 6 mm.

For leg fixings, use one of the options below:

sN
4 bolts per leg with combined 13.5 kN shear and 18.4 kN tension capacity.
From figure 11, use 4 x M16 bolts with an assumed edge distance greater than
100 mm or 200 mm.
rd
3 bolts per leg with combined 18 kN shear and 24.5 kN tension capacity.
From figure 11, use 3 x M20 bolts with an assumed edge distance greater than
da

1347890
202.56.51.79 100 mm, or 3 x M16 bolts with an asurred edge distance greater than 200 mm.

2 bolts per leg with combined 19.5 kN shear and 25.6 kN tension capacity.
From figure 11, use 2 x M24 bolts with an assumed edge distance greater than
an

100 mm or 2 × M16 bolts per leg with an assumed edge distance greater than
200 mm.
St

Choose 2 × M16 bolts with an assumed edge distance of greater than

200 mm.
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

99
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D13 Plinth
Given:

*
The boiler in example D2 needs to be mounted on a plinth, see figure D20.

d
NOTE – A specific design using section 4 is required because the boiler anchors are above the

n
limits provided for in 5.4.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
Figure D20 – Plinth layout and force diagram
sN
Required:
rd
Specific design of fixings and reinforced concrete plinth. The strength of supporting floor
would also need to be checked (independently of this example).
da

Solution:
1347890
202.56.51.79

Step 1 – Design actions

an

The four boiler supports are to be ductile connections, with the connection over
strength requiring anchors at each end of the boiler to restrain 13.1 kN uplift and
13.5 kN shear.
St

Step 2 – Selection of fixings

In accordance with figure 10(b), adequate anchorage will be provided by M16
ht

bolts as cast-in anchors.

Step 3 – Plinth dimensions

A plinth is required, as the topping of the prestressed concrete flooring system is
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

only 65 mm thick. The threaded rod anchors need embedding at least 200 mm
into concrete (see figure 10(b)). The plinth needs to be at least 100 mm wider
py

than the spacing between the boiler supports to accommodate the edge distance
chosen for the anchors.

Step 4 – Plinth anchorage

Co

The most expedient solution is to drill the floor slab and fix the boiler hold-down
bolts through and underneath the slab. A pair of back-to-back angle sections
beneath the slab may be used to distribute the concentrated overturning forces
more uniformly. The timber beneath the topping concrete will distribute the
pressure more uniformly. Alternatively, the plinth could be separately attached
as shown in figure D20.

Step 5 – Plinth details

Provide plinth reinforcement and details in accordance with figure 14 with R10
at 600 mm each way selected from the column headed ‘with anchor bolts fixed
through the floor slab’.

100
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D14 Electrical cabinet

Given:

*
A large freestanding electrical cabinet housing the main distribution board is located on
the ground floor of an office building in Wellington. The cabinet is 2.2 m long, 2 m high,

d
and 0.6 m deep. The mass of the cabinet is 600 kg, see figure D21.

n
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd

Figure D21 – Electrical cabinet example and force diagram

da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Required:
Determine the number and size of hold-down anchors. The cabinet structure will be
an

designed by others.

Solution:
St

Step 1 – Classify the building and the component

The building is a normal office building. The importance level is 2 (see table 1).
ht

The component poses a hazard to individual life within the building. The category
is P3 (see table 2).

NOTE – In accordance with 5.12, components of electrical supply will be classified

rig

3
03
39
75

70
24
15

P1, P2, or P3 as applicable.

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

py

The cabinet is on the ground floor, CH = 1.0

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4.............................. (see table 3)

Co

Performance factor, Cp = 0.45 (floor mounted, metal)..... (see

Appendix C)

Performance factor, Cp = 0.55 (braced to structure, metal)....

(see Appendix C)

Performance factor, Cp = 0.85 (anchors for component)...

(see 3.4.2, or Appendix C)

Component risk factor, Rc = 0.9 (for IL2 and P3).... (see table 5)

101
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Hence, the seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 1.0 × 0.4 × 0.85 × 0.9

= 0.83

*
NOTE – The Cp value of 0.55 would apply for anchors if ductile fixings were used.

d
Weight of the cabinet, W = 600 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

n
= 5.9 kN

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

The lateral force on the cabinet, F = C×W

= 0.83 × 5.9
= 4.9 kN

Ze
Forces on the restraint anchors:
Floor mounted component (see 3.7)

ew
The cabinet has the following dimensions:

h = 1.1 m
D = 0.6 m
sN
d = 0.3 m

Provide three anchors each long side (n = 3, N = 6) using equation 3.6

rd
Horizontal force on each anchor:

Rh =
da

1347890
202.56.51.79

=
an

= 0.82 kN

Vertical tensional force on each anchor:

R v = – +
St

= – +
ht

= 2.00 kN

The edge distance for the anchors will be greater than 200 mm, so see
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

figure 10(b) to choose M10 anchor bolts. Provide 3 M10 anchor bolts front and
back of the cabinet.
py

It may be more suitable for this cabinet to be braced to the structure. Provide 3
horizontal braces to the top of the cabinet with bolt fixings to a structural wall
behind the cabinet. Attachment height of the brace, H, is 2.0.
Co

From equation 3.27:

P =

= 2.70 kN (0.9 kN per brace)

102
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Step 3 – Determine the fixings to withstand these loads

From table 11, one M12 bolt fixing embedded 100 mm into a masonry wall will be

*
satisfactory. Alternatively, from table 8, a 10 gauge woodscrew penetrating
35 mm into a timber stud is an option.

d
NOTE – If the cabinet is fixed to a timber frame wall, the project structural engineer

n
should check the wall capacity.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

103
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D15 Ventilating fan on multi-storey building with roof parapet

Given:

*
A vibration-isolated ventilating fan is to be installed on top of a multi-storey office building in

d
Christchurch. The roof has a parapet which is high enough and robust enough to prevent
the fan from falling onto the public street below. The mass of the fan motor and base is

n
500 kg, see figure D22.

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd

Figure D22 – Ventilating fan layout

da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Required:
Support type and horizontal design forces for the fan support system.
an

Solution:
Step 1 – Classify the building and the component
St

The building is a normal building. The importance level is 2 (see table 1).

The component would not pose a threat to life if supports were to fail.
ht

The system is required for operational continuity, and its failure would have
serious financial consequences for the owner. The category is P6 (see table 2).
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Step 2 – Determine the load demand (see 3.4)

The fan unit is above ground floor, CH = 3

py

Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.22.............................. (see table 3)

Co

Performance factor (for a vibration

isolated, compact component), Cp = 0.75...... (see 3.4.2, and Appendix C)

Performance factor(for
the anchor), Cp = 0.85...... (see 3.4.2, and Appendix C)

Component risk factor, Rc = 0.25 (for IL2 and P6).... (see table 5)

104
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

For the design of the isolating structure:

The seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.22 × 0.75 × 0.5

*
= 0.67

d
Weight of the component, W = 500 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

n
= 4.9 kN

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

The lateral force on the structure, F = C×W

= 0.67 × 4.9
= 3.28 kN.

Ze
For anchors:

The seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.22 × 0.85 × 0.5

= 0.89

ew
The lateral force on the anchor, F = C×W
= 0.89 × 4.9
sN = 4.4 kN.

Step 3 – Determine the support type and horizontal design forces for the fan support
system
rd
These horizontal forces should be used to evaluate ‘sliding’ and ‘overturning’
design actions for the ventilation fan support structure and fixings following the
da

1347890
202.56.51.79 procedures in 3.7.

For the design of snubbers and their anchors, it is necessary to consider the
an

seismic forces induced by the dynamic impact of the component against the
snubbers (see 5.5).

This may be achieved by either:

St

(a) Providing snubbers complying with the requirements for the seismic
restraints of vibration isolated equipment, such as:
ht

(i) Proprietary seismic-rated snubbers, or

(ii) Fabricated snubbers with clearances of between 3 and 6 mm with

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

neoprene pads. The neoprene pads need a thickness of 6 mm/g

design load (6 × C) and a minimum thickness of 6 mm. That is,
6 × 0.33 = 1.98 which is less than 6 mm, so use the minimum
py

thickness of 6 mm;

(b) Providing snubbers with clearances greater than 6 mm and scaling the
Co

loads by a factor of 2.

Choose between the conforming snubbers, either suitably rated proprietary

snubbers, or fabricated snubbers with a 6 mm clearance each side and 6 mm
neoprene pads.

105
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

D16 Ventilating fan on multi-storey building without a roof parapet

Given:

*
A vibration-isolated ventilating fan on top of a multi-storey building in Christchurch. The

d
roof does not have a parapet to prevent the fan falling onto a public street below. The
mass of the fan motor and base is 500 kg, see figure D22.

n
Required:

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Support type and horizontal design forces for the fan support system.

Solution:

Ze
Step 1 – Classify the building and the component

The building is a normal building. The importance level is 2 (see table 1).

The roof without a parapet means that the component could fall off the roof and

ew
hence pose a threat to life if supports were to fail. The category is P1 (see table 2).

Step 2 – Determine the load demand

Seismic zone factor,

sN
The fan unit is above ground floor, CH = 3

Z = 0.22............................ (see table 3)

Performance factor (for a vibration

rd
isolated, compact component), Cp = 0.75....(see 3.4.2, and Appendix C)

Performance factor (for anchors), Cp = 0.85....(see 3.4.2, and Appendix C)

da

1347890
202.56.51.79

Component risk factor, Rc = 1.00 (for IL2 and P1)....(see table 5)

an

For the design of the isolating structure:

The seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.22 × 0.75 × 1.00

St

= 1.34

Weight of the component, W = 500 kg × 9.81 Nkg-1

ht

= 4.9 kN

The lateral force on

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24

F = C × W (supporting structure)
15

the component,
= 1.34 × 4.9
= 6.6 kN.
py

For the anchors:

The seismic coefficient, C = 2.7 × 3 × 0.22 × 0.85 × 1.00

Co

(anchors)
= 1.51

The lateral force on

the component, F = C × W (anchors)
= 1.51 × 4.9
= 7.4 kN.

106
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

Step 3 – Determine the support type and horizontal design forces for the fan support
system

*
These horizontal forces should be used to evaluate ‘sliding’ and ‘overturning’
design actions for the ventilation fan support structure and fixings following the

d
procedures in 3.7.

n
For the design of snubbers and their anchors, it is necessary to consider the

ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

seismic forces induced by the dynamic impact of the component against the
snubbers (see 5.5).

This may be achieved by either:

Ze
(a) Providing snubbers complying with the requirements for the seismic
restraints of vibration isolated equipment; such as:

(i) Proprietary seismic-rated snubbers, or

ew
(ii) Fabricated snubbers with clearances of between 3 and 6 mm with
neoprene pads. The neoprene pads need a thickness of 6 mm/g
design load (6 × C) and a minimum thickness of 6 mm. That is,

sN
6 × 1.34 = 8.04, which is greater than 6 mm, so use the 8 mm;

(b) Providing snubbers with clearances greater than 6 mm and scaling the
loads by a factor of 2.
rd
Choose between conforming snubbers, either suitably rated proprietary snubbers,
or fabricated snubbers with a 6 mm clearance each side and neoprene pads
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
with an 8 mm neoprene pad.
an
St
ht
rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15
py
Co

107
 *Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

202.56.51.79
1347890
Co
py
rig
ht
St
an

15
24
70
75
39
03
3
da
NOTES

rd
sN
ew
Ze
ala
n d
*
 NZS 4219:2009
Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) may print this document but not more than 10% of the documents subscribed to may be held in printed form at any one time.

*
n d
ala
*Employees of Electrical Workers Licensing Group (1347890) are licensed to temporarily download this document.

Ze
ew
sN
rd
da

1347890
202.56.51.79
an
St
ht

© 2009 STANDARDS COUNCIL

rig

3
03
39
75
70
24
15

Approved by the Standards Council on 27 April 2009 to be a New Zealand

Standard pursuant to the provisions of section 10 of the Standards Act 1988.
py

First published: 30 April 2009

Co

Reprinted: August 2015

The following Standards New Zealand references relate to this Standard:

Project No. P 4219

Draft for comment No. DZ 4219
Typeset by: Standards New Zealand
Printed by: The Colour Guy