CHAPTER I

Research Title: THE EFFECT OF OVER POPULATION IN JONOP, MALINAO, ALBAY

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This research aims to determine the causes of overpopulation that occurs when a population of a
species exceeds the carrying capacity of it’s ecological niche. This study ought
to answer the following: • What are the
causes of over population? • What can
government do to deal with over population? • What
problems does over population create? • Is there
a single action the world can take to reduce over population? • Is the
teenage pregnancy cause why over population increase? SCOPE
AND DELIMITATION The
study determined the possible effect of over population. The possiblity shall be identified also.
The respondents were the community, peoples and students in Jonop, Malinao, Albay for year
2020-2021. This study only focused in barangay Jonop Malinao Albay. The other barangay such
as Balsa, Malolos, Matalipni are not included of the overpopulation under the study. Only one
hundred (100) people are can afford there needs out of three hundred (300) people are no
sufficient source of income. In this research the main focus is on the issue of overpopulation at
barangay jonop. The growing size of population is not an issue that appeared with in the past
couple of decades but now it’s extend to the very present day. Despite that, population continued
to increase and fight with constant diseases . migration was another component that encourage
population rise ,which imposes severe threats to the environment.
ASSUMPTIONS •
Population is calculating the number of people.
• Population is showing unrestricted growth. •
Population is composed of human being.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research presents the study on how population continue increasing and on how it benefits the
community. STUDENT — the
results of this study will give information to all the students on what was the main reasons why
population are rising. PEOPLE — they consider as
suitable and appropriate character on community to filled and form as a whole.
EMPLOYEE — the benefits and success of this research can guide them to be well inform and
being aware for what we’ll happen.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter consists of review of literature and studies pertinent to the research at the hand. The
researcher looked into the similarities and differences in the previous and present study. It also
includes the synthesis of the state of art and gap bridged of the study. RELATED
LITERATURE The
collection of this research, researcher gathered information from different sources which helped
to explained the problems presented in this study. These readings included here provided
researcher insights about the affect of overpopulation. FOREIGN
According to Thomas Malthus, one of the notable classical British economists, whose Essay on
the Principle of Population was first published in 1798. In it Malthus famously asserted that the
population of a given country grows at a geometrical rate while food supply expands only
arithmetically; Thus, eventually, the means of subsistence would reach a natural limit and the
result would be, inevitably, shortages, hunger, famine, and epidemics. Even in normal times,
population growth depressed wages and deepened the misery of the working classes, leading
Malthus to argue that the Poor Laws of England and other forms of economic relief for the poor
only stimulated rampant population growth and delayed inevitable crisis. Over the years,
Malthus’s ideas were used to justify conservative class interests, the Eugenics movement, and
callous imperial responses to hunger and famine (Bashford, 2014; Davis, 2001). Yet,
Malthusianism was also entangled with struggles for women’s reproductive rights, led By
feminists such as Emma Goldman, who proclaimed that the working class could achieve its own
emancipation through ‘conscious procreation’, and Margaret Sanger, the founder of Planned
Parenthood (Connelly, 2008; Masjuan & Martinez-Alier, 2004).
In the other hand Paul R. Ehrlich’s 1968, The Population Bomb, eerily echoes Thomas R.
Malthus’s landmark 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population. Ehrlich’s novel proposes theories
regarding potential outcomes for when agricultural growth does not keep pace with population
growth. Ultimately his theories say that the world’s food supply will inevitably become
inadequate for feeding the general population, whose numbers would continue to swell until
famine, disease epidemics, war, or other calamities took root. These Malthusian predictions about
out of control population growth have resulted in a variety of detrimental global impacts,
particularly the emergence of extreme reproductive control measures, which have taken center
stage on an international scale. Today, despite the fact that population scientists mostly agree that
Malthus’s forecasts were overblown, the lingering prevalence of these fears have contributed to
millions of forced sterilizations in Mexico, Bolivia, Peru, Indonesia, Bangladesh and India, as
well as China’s two-child policy. Overall, this has left many wondering whether extreme
population growth projections are legitimate or merely groundless panic perpetuated by alarmists.
However,the global population is currently rising at a steady rate. The number of humans existing
on Earth has never been as high as it is now. In 1800, Earth had approximately 1 billion
inhabitants, which rose to 2.3 billion in 1940, then 3.7 billion in 1970, and approximately 7.5
billion today. In the last five decades, Earth has experienced an extreme population boom. This
phenomenon is known as overpopulation, where the condition in which the amount of humans
currently existing on Earth outstrips future resource availability and earth’s carrying capacity.
Throughout human history, birth and death rates have always counterbalanced each other, which
ensured that Earth had a maintainable population growth level. However, in the 1960s, the global
population increased at an unparalleled rate. This brought about a variety of apocalyptic
predictions, most prominently, a revival of the Malthusian trap panic.
LOCAL
Manila, Philippines are the overpopulation happens when the increase in the population of a place
results into insufficiency of space, food, water or other resources available to support it. It is one
of the many problems the world faces today. Countries like China, India, Thailand, Bangladesh
and Philippines are examples of overpopulated countries. One good example of a country whose
people are dying and suffering due to overpopulation is Africa. It’s not a crime to have many
children for as long as you can support them and provide for their needs. One of the reasons why
people keep producing babies is that they have nothing to do and they don’t have jobs, while
others who are poor dream of becoming rich or just average someday. Their solution is to make
more babies so that in the future their children would help to support them. But they do not
realize that children needed to be raised well, to finish their studies so that they would find good
jobs. If not there is the possibility that they would also end up in the same situation of poverty.
Nowadays most professionals migrate to other countries or other places to have a better life and
more income so that they can provide for the needs of their family. In overpopulated countries
they cannot give higher salaries because more people are looking for jobs but the demand is too
low. In countries like Thailand, you won’t see many street children or people begging in the
streets, instead they get busy earning a living like selling goods. Overpopulation causes problems
like pollution. The more people the more garbage. Due to overpopulation more cars and other
means of transportation that produce harmful smoke are needed. It would not be a problem if the
people know how to dispose the garbage properly, but mostly garbage are strewn everywhere.
For most of human history our population size was relatively stable. But with innovation and
industrialization, energy, food, water, and medical care became more available and reliable.
Consequently, global human population rapidly increased, and continues to do so, with dramatic
impacts on global climate and ecosystems. We will need technological and social innovation to
help us support the world’s population as we adapt to and mitigate climate and environmental
changes. RELATED STUDIES
Related studies were composed of finished researches found somehow related to the present
study. There were some studies considered related to the present study in terms of raw material
and the scope of activities. The difference and similarities of mentioned studies to the present
study were also indicated.
FOREIGN
The United States supports the Program of Action of the 1994 International Conference on
Population and Development (ICPD), which was negotiated and accepted by 179 governments.
The ICPD sets out many principles that form the basis for international discussion and action on
population issues. These include the promotion of human rights, gender equality, strong families,
care and protection of children, the right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and
responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to the information and means to
do so free from discrimination, coercion or violence, as well as family planning activities that
adhere to the principle of voluntary choice.
LOCAL
This study the Philippines 6.1% of the population live on less than $1.90 per day, 26% live on
less than $3.20 per day and 55.1% live on less than $5.50 per day (World Bank Data).
Widespread corruption in both Filipino politics and business prevents any opportunities for social
mobility and growth. Power is concentrated among influential families and connected individuals,
offering the poor truly little chance of bettering themselves. The Rural Poverty Portal reports that
half of the poor in the Philippines live in rural areas. The poorest of the poor are the indigenous,
landless laborers, fishermen, small farmers, mountain folk and women. Deforestation, fisheries,
and unproductive farmland are major problems for these people.
As a result, there is a never-ending cycle of poverty that leads to parents having to give up their
children in hopes they will have a better life somewhere else. There is little doubt that poverty
creates a culture for the creation of orphans. Many parents living in poverty are unable to care for
their children as they cannot afford food, clothing, shelter, healthcare and education. They are not
able to adequately provide for their children, which leaves some to resort to placing their children
in orphanages in the hopes that they will have better lives. Both the present and previous studies
experiencing rapid population growth. Both of this countries are fastest
urbanization, and overcrowded cities present their own challenges. SYNTHESIS OF THE
STATE-OF-THE-ART The foreign and
local literature and studies showed that there are already available readings and studies that
tackles the benefits and importance. Overpopulation refers to
when an organism’s numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat. In common parlance, the
term usually refers to the relationship between the human population and its environment, the
Earth. Overpopulation is not simply a function of the size or density of the population.
Overpopulation Can be determined using the ratio of population to available sustainable
resources. If a given Environment has a population of ten, but there is food or drinking water
enough for only nine, then that environment is overpopulated; if the population is 100 individuals
but there is enough food, shelter, and water for 200 for the indefinite future, then it is not.
Overpopulation can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates due to medical
advances, from an increase in immigration, a decrease in emigration, or from an unsustainable
biome and depletion of resources. It is possible for very sparsely-populated areas to be
overpopulated, as the area in question may have a very meager or non-existent capability to
sustain human life (e.g. the middle of the Sahara desert or Antarctica).
Some have argued that poverty and famine are caused by inept governance and economic
policies, and that higher population density leads to more specialization and technological
innovation, potentially leading to a higher standard of living. Others argue that overpopulation is
an important cause of these problems. GAP BRIDGE BY
THE STUDY Theoretically, all the
concept and information abstracted from the related literature and studies have similarities with
that of the present study. The readings done showed that there have been several literature and
studies. Many scientists warn that growing human numbers and consumption are undermining the
carrying capacity of the Earth. Unfortunately, their advice has not been heeded as it is perceived
as being contrary to some prevailing economic and social interests. This study was done to fill
this gap. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
In this study, the researchers formulated the theories: Theory of overpopulation evaluation and
the theory of overpopulation acceptance.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
Figure 2 shows the conceptual paradigm of the study. It employs the input, process and output
paradigm.
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter present the research method, sources of data, respondent of the study, research and
instruments and it’s validation the data gathering procedure and the statistical tool applied in the
current undertaking RESEARCH METHOD
The researchers applied the developmental methods of research. Developmental methods of
research will be use because the researchers develop numbers of Population then it will undergo
an analysis for the purpose determine the acceptability. On the other
hand, experimental method will be used because the researchers will experiment to determine
whether the population well have acceptable to increase thorough the different proportions that
will undergo evaluation on sensory characteristics. SOURCE OF DATA
The main source of the data is the result of the sensory evaluation in determining the most
acceptable proportion of numbers of the population.
RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondents of the study were the people at barangay Jonop, Malinao Albay, This barangay
are the chosen in which we will know the number and possible reason why people are continue
increasing RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT This study
made use of a sensory evaluation as an instrument to support the study the researchers conduct a
survey to all the respondent and utilize acceptability score sheet to determine the most acceptable
proportion of over population and qualitative descriptive analysis score sheet to determine the
sensory characteristics of the most acceptable proportional
VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
Instruments in measuring any purpose needs to be validated to make it standardized for its users.
It involves collecting and analyzing data to assess accuracy of an instrument. The evaluation form
most validated by the Practical Research 2 teachers of Malinao National High School, she was
requested to revise and get rid and those not related to the present study. The grammatical and
correct use of words in the evaluation form was also checked. DATA GATHERING
PROCEDURES After all the way
of collecting and gathering data we decided to ask and observed also to predict the possible
number of population on the chosen place. PREPARATORY PHASE
The researchers make the research about the overpopulation by surveying, interviewing and
observation.