Tài Liệu 1 PDF
Tài Liệu 1 PDF
Tài Liệu 1 PDF
hb-ao
l=4.5d – bent by machine
l l=7.5d – bent by hand ao=15 mm when hb ≤ 100 mm
ao=20 mm when hb > 100 mm
BEND OF REINFORCEMENT
41
Ex. One-way Slabs
m = 35 continuous slab, D = 1.30
hb= 1.3/ 35 x 2100 = 78 Design hs = 80 mm
L2= 5.6m, chose m = 15.
Calculate hsb = 5600 /13 = 430 Design bsbxhsb = 200× 400
Lmb= 6.300m, chose m = 9.
Calculate hmb = 6300 / 9 = 700 mm Design bmbx hmb= 300×700mm
44
One-way Slabs
Design of reinforcement
Example 2: Bend the resisting M+ reinforcement to resist M-
moment
αLb1 αL1 L1/4
Lb1/8 Lb1/6 bdp L1/6 L1/6 bdp
As,ct
2 3
hs
As 1 1
L0b1 L01
Lb1 L1
1 2 3
2 d8@200 3 d8@200
1 d8@200
1
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF A SLAB
43
CALCULATED steel sections for slabs
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 46
Distributed steels (cm2 /m)
Đường 1 thanh Khoảng cách phân bố (mm)
kính (mm) (cm2) 50 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 350 400
6 0.28 5.65 2.83 2.26 1.88 1.62 1.41 1.26 1.13 1.03 0.94 0.81 0.71
8 0.50 10.05 5.03 4.02 3.35 2.87 2.51 2.23 2.01 1.83 1.68 1.44 1.26
10 0.79 15.71 7.85 6.28 5.24 4.49 3.93 3.49 3.14 2.86 2.62 2.24 1.96
12 1.13 22.62 11.31 9.05 7.54 6.46 5.65 5.03 4.52 4.11 3.77 3.23 2.83
14 1.54 30.79 15.39 12.32 10.26 8.80 7.70 6.84 6.16 5.60 5.13 4.40 3.85
16 2.01 40.21 20.11 16.08 13.40 11.49 10.05 8.94 8.04 7.31 6.70 5.74 5.03
18 2.54 50.89 25.45 20.36 16.96 14.54 12.72 11.31 10.18 9.25 8.48 7.27 6.36
20 3.14 62.83 31.42 25.13 20.94 17.95 15.71 13.96 12.57 11.42 10.47 8.98 7.85
22 3.80 76.03 38.01 30.41 25.34 21.72 19.01 16.89 15.21 13.82 12.67 10.86 9.50
25 4.91 98.17 49.09 39.27 32.72 28.05 24.54 21.82 19.63 17.85 16.36 14.02 12.27
28 6.16 123.15 61.58 49.26 41.05 35.19 30.79 27.37 24.63 22.39 20.53 17.59 15.39
32 8.04 160.85 80.42 64.34 53.62 45.96 40.21 35.74 32.17 29.25 26.81 22.98 20.11
36 10.18 203.58 101.79 81.43 67.86 58.16 50.89 45.24 40.72 37.01 33.93 29.08 25.45
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 45
Điều kiện cấu tạo của sàn :
- Hàm lượng cốt thép tối thiểu μs,min = 0,1%
- Khoảng cách tối đa giữa trục các thanh cốt thép dọc tính toán:
• 200 mm khi chiều dày sàn h ≤ 150 mm;
• 1,5h và 400 mm khi chiều dày sàn h > 150 mm;
- Với gối (dầm/vách/cột) đầu tiên, ít nhất 1/3 diện tích cốt thép lớp dưới từ nhịp
phải được vào gối.
- Chiều dài neo thép lớp trên được tính từ mặt ngoài gối tựa.
- Trong các bản chiều cao nhỏ hơn 300 mm thì không cần đặt cốt thép ngang
trên đoạn cấu kiện mà lực cắt tính toán chỉ cần do bê tông chịu.
- Trong các bản có chiều cao từ 300 mm trở lên thì cần đặt cốt thép ngang với
bước không lớn hơn 0,75h0 và không lớn hơn 500 mm trên các đoạn cấu kiện mà
có lực cắt tính toán chỉ cần do bê tông chịu.
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 48
Wire rod
Wire rod d6, d8, Ribbed steel not very popular but
d10 not very popular but exists exists (d6, d8, d10)
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 47
Two-way Slabs
Mechanical mechanism
qL2 4 qL14
q
1 ; q
2
L14 L2 4 L14 L2 4
More load is transferred into the shorter strip
Higher internal moment in the shorter direction
Determine the boundary condition:
Simple supports: Fixed supports:
- Supported by brick walls Beams and Slab are B
- Prefabricated Slabs E
casted in place with C
- Beams and Slab are hb/hs ≥ 3
casted in place with
hb/hs < 3 f D
A
Be careful with this VN condition!!!
50
Two-way Slabs
Mechanical mechanism
L2/L1 < 2 Two-way Slabs
Assumption: The supported
beams are not deflected
q is transferred into two 2
strips AB and ED
q1 amount of load transferred in
L2
to AB strip L1 B
E
q2 amount of load transferred in C
to ED strip
f D
A
q q1 q2
5 5
f ED q2 L2 4 fC f AB q1 L14 fC 49
384 EI 384 EI
Two-way Slabs
Working stages
1. Before forming cracks 2. Cracks are formed and
Elastic-isotropic shell. Stressed reinforcement start yielding
and strains can be computed using - Cracks: formed along the supports +
elastic theory. at the mid span.
- Stiffness: reduced at the cracked
locations.
- Anisotropic material.
- Experimental studies: acceptable if
using elastic theory to compute
internal moments.
52
Two-way Slabs
Experimental obervations
Source: Bui et al. (2016)
51
Source: Bui et al. (2017)
Two-way Slabs
Working stages
3. Reinforcement is yielding
- Cracks develop and reinforcement is
yielding
- Internal moments are redistributed
from the yielded place to the places
with elastic response
4. Yield lines are forming
- Yield lines are formed and connected together
- The distribution of the internal moments can be computed
using yield lines method.
54
Two-way Slabs
Working stages
TOP FACE BOTTOM FACE
53
Two-way Slabs
Internal efforts
L2
M2
M1
L1 L1
Diagram 1 (free supports at the boundary)
MII
MI
L2 MI
MII M2
M1
L1 L1
Diagram 9 (fixed supports at the boundary)
56
Loadings
(a) Dead load, qg : Self weight
of: RC slab, mortar layers,
paving layer
Coating mortar
RC slab
Padding mortar
(a) Live load, qp : people, Paving layer
equipment
qs q g q p
Total load:
L2
qs (kN/m2)
L1
55
Calculated diagrams
(using preset table method)
L2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
L1
10 11
Embedded support
Simple support
No supporter
L1 – Shorter dimension
L2 – Longer dimension
Note: Current assumption in VN for embedded support: hb >= 3hs
However: be very careful because totally embedded is rare
58
Two-way Slabs
Internal efforts
Moment at the mid-span: M1, M2
Along L1 dimension: M 1 mi1qL1 L2 (kNm/m)
Along L2 dimension: M 2 mi 2 qL1L2 (kNm/m)
i – the diagrams’ numbers (1,2,…,11)
Moment at the supporters MI, MII
Along L1 dimension: M I ki1qL1 L2 (kNm/m)
Along L2 dimension: M k qL L (kNm/m)
II i2 1 2
MII
MI
L2 MI
MII M2
M1
L1 L1
57
Moment for slab number 9 (4 embeded edges)
Span: Support:
M1 = m91 .P MI = k91 .P
M2 = m92 .P MII = k92 .P
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 60
Moment for slab number 9 (4 embeded edges)
P = q * L1 * L2
Span:
M1 = m91 .P
M2 = m92 .P
Support:
MI = k91 .P
MII = k92 .P α = Ld / Ln
α = L2 / L1
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 59
Preset Tables
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 62
Moment for slab number 1 (4 simply
supported edges)
P = q * L1 * L2
Span:
M1 = m11 .P
M2 = m12 .P
2 3
11 4 4
2
12 4 4 α = L2 / L1
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 61
Preset Tables
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 64
Preset Tables
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 63
Notes: When a support is between two slabs (continuous slabs): the
moment at the support should be the average of the values computed
from each slabs. For safety, it can be the maximum of the two
computed values.
1
M I k i1 k j1 qL1 L2 (kNm/m)
2
1
M II
2
ki 2 k j 2 qL1 L2 (kNm/m)
or k
M max
I
i 1
qL1 L2 (kNm/m)
k j1
k i2
M II max qL1 L2 (kNm/m)
k j2
66
Comparison of results between preset Table and
formula - Case: slab number 9 (4 embeded edges)
Ex: Slab L1 = 3.9 (m)
L2 = 4.1 (m)
α = L2 / L1 = 1.051
Formula
Table ʋ9 = 0.862
m91 0.0187 m91 0.0188
m92 0.0171 m92 0.0170
k91 0.0437 k91 0.0436
k92 0.0394 k92 0.0394
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 65
Design of reinforcement (TCVN)
M bh R
m
b R b b ho 2
1 1 2 m
A b o b
s
Rs
As,d (using preset table or calculate); As,d ≥ As
Number of the steel bar for 1m of the slab
The reinforcement ratio:
As ,d
100 (%)
bh0
The optimal ratio: 0.4 ~ 0.9%
The minimum ratio: 0.1%
68
Two-way Slabs
Design of reinforcement
Along L1 dimension ho1 hb a hb / 2 c
Along L2 dimension ho 2 hb a hb 3 / 2 c
Minimum thickness of covering in-stiu casted concrete (TCVN 5574:2018)
cmin = 20mm
As2
ho2 h
c a = 23 ~ 30 mm
1m a
67
Steel reinforcement
Bottom steel
0.5 As2
0.2L1
As2+ for M2
0.6 L1
L1
0.5 As2
0.2L1
Bottom steel
0.5As1 0.5As1
As1 for M1
0.2L1 0.2L1
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 70
Bending moment contour of slab in 2D
Bending moment contour in two way slab Boundary element model of two way slab
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 69
Examples of some Vietnamese practices
Bottom steel
72
Steel reinforcement
Top steel
Top steel
0.5 AsII
0.2L1
AsII for MII
0.5 AsII
0.2L1
0.5AsI 0.5AsI
AsI for MI
0.2L1 0.2L1
(Source: O. Burdet, EPFL Lausanne)
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 71
Design of reinforcement
Which bars L2 L2 L2
3
1
2
4
installed above
A
and under?
D
L1
2
L1 B
4
L1/4
5
6 3
What steel bar
A
resists M-? 1
A 74
Examples of some Vietnamese practices
Top steel
73
Design of reinforcement
B-B SECTION
L1/4 L1/4 L1/4
5
8 8 6
hd
4 3
bd L02 bd
L02
1 2
1000 1550
80
80
80
80
5 d8 a 180 6 d8 a 180
35
4200
35
4 d8 a 200
76
Design of reinforcement
A-A SECTION
L1/4 L1/4 L1/4
1
7 7 2
hd
3 4
bd Lo1 bd
L1
A B
1000 1550
110
110
110
110
1 d8 a 150 2 d8 a 150
35
4200
35
3 d8 a 180
75
Some examples of slab configurations
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 78
Some examples of slab configurations
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 77
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 80
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 79
Exercise
Beams’ cross section: 20cm x 40cm
Concrete B25 Steel CB300
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 82
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 81
Flat Slabs
General cases: Flat slabs in rectangle with L2/L1 ≤ 2.
Determination of moments: Simplified method: Equivalent frames.
a) Cạnh hiệu quả của cột :
lh,max = lc + 2(dh - 40)
lh = min (lh0 ; lh,max )
Đường kính hiệu quả của mũ cột:
hc = max { sqrt(lh2 *4/π) ; lx /4}
b) Nội lực theo phương pháp đơn giản
Theo phương pháp đơn giản, sàn được chia làm những dải trên mũ cột (có bề
rộng bằng bề rộng mũ cột đối với bài này) và những dải ở nhịp (nằm giữa các dải
trên mũ cột).
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 84
Flat Slabs
Advantages: Limitations:
- Reduce building height or - Limited resistance for high
increase story space. lateral loads.
- Reduce the amount of - High deflection of the slab.
formworks - Risk of punching failures at the
- Easy for installing the columns’ location.
reinforcement.
- Steel mesh can be used.
- Easy for installing the technical
systems.
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 83
Flat Slabs
Cách chia các dải trên đầu cột, trường hợp sàn có mũ cột
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 86
Flat Slabs
Cách chia các dải trên đầu cột, trường hợp sàn không có mũ cột
Dr. Quoc-Bao BUI 85
Flat Slabs
Internal forces
L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
L2
L2
L2
L2