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    STS M4

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    Jocel Rose Torres
    An ecosystem is defined as a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms interact with each other and their environment. Ecosystems have both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. The biotic components include producers like plants, and consumers like herbivores and carnivores arranged in trophic levels. Each species plays an important role, or niche, in the ecosystem. Biodiversity refers to the variety of species found within a particular ecosystem, and supports important ecosystem functions and services. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, climate change, pollution and other human activities.

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    STS M4

    Uploaded by

    Jocel Rose Torres
    24 views2 pages
    An ecosystem is defined as a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms interact with each other and their environment. Ecosystems have both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. The biotic components include producers like plants, and consumers like herbivores and carnivores arranged in trophic levels. Each species plays an important role, or niche, in the ecosystem. Biodiversity refers to the variety of species found within a particular ecosystem, and supports important ecosystem functions and services. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, climate change, pollution and other human activities.

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    STS-M4

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    An ecosystem is defined as a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms interact with each other and their environment. Ecosystems have both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. The biotic components include producers like plants, and consumers like herbivores and carnivores arranged in trophic levels. Each species plays an important role, or niche, in the ecosystem. Biodiversity refers to the variety of species found within a particular ecosystem, and supports important ecosystem functions and services. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, climate change, pollution and other human activities.

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    24 views2 pages

    STS M4

    Uploaded by

    Jocel Rose Torres
    An ecosystem is defined as a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms interact with each other and their environment. Ecosystems have both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components. The biotic components include producers like plants, and consumers like herbivores and carnivores arranged in trophic levels. Each species plays an important role, or niche, in the ecosystem. Biodiversity refers to the variety of species found within a particular ecosystem, and supports important ecosystem functions and services. However, biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss, climate change, pollution and other human activities.

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    ECOLOGY - Mountain ecosystem

    - is the study of how organisms interact with - Desert ecosystem


    one another and with their physical - River ecosystem
    environment. - Ocean ecosystem
    - The distribution and abundance of - Pond ecosystem
    organisms on Earth is shaped by both
    biotic, living-organism-related, and abiotic, RANGE OF TOLERANCE
    nonliving or physical, factors. - Refers to the environmental conditions that
    are tolerable for survival
    Eco - habitat Four factors that affect range of tolerance
    System - interconnected process - Time
    - Pace
    *An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, - Situation
    animals, and other organisms, as well as weather - Culture
    and landscape, work together to form a bubble of
    life. TROPHIC LEVEL
    *Ecosystems contain
    - biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or Trophic Level
    nonliving parts. - Is a step in nutritive series, or food chain of
    an ecosystem.
    COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM
    Trophic Level Pyramid
    The biotic components include all plants, animals Apex Predators - vultures, eagles, lion and tigers
    and microorganisms. These organic components 4th Trophic Level (Tertiary Consumers)-
    can broadly be divided into Secondary carnivores
    1. Autotrophs- (green plants which can 3rd Trophic Level (Secondary Consumers) -
    produce food of their own by processes of Carnivores
    photosynthesis and chemosynthesis) 2nd Trophic Level (Primary Consumers) -
    2. Heterotrophs - (consumers who depend on Herbivores
    autotrophs for food) 1st Trophic Level (Producers) - Green plants

    The autotrophs are further divided into Humans


    ● Phototrophs ( prepare food through - Tertiary level
    photosynthesis) - Considered to be at top of food chain
    ● Chemotrophs (chemosynthesis using
    atmospheric oxygen) *Not all humans belong to the same trophic level.
    The heterotrophs are subdivided into This is due to dietary choices each human makes.
    ● Saprophytes (dead plants and animals)
    ● Parasites- (living organism) Niche
    ● Holozoic- (food through mouth) - Role an organism plays (its job) in a
    community
    For example:
    TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM - A garden spider is a predator that hunts for
    On the basis habitat prey among plants.
    ● Terrestrial Ecosystem - An oak tree grows to determinate forest
    - Forest ecosystem canopy, turning sunlight into food.
    - Grassland ecosystem
    - Desert ecosystem including hot and Why is niched important?
    cold desert - A species’ niche includes all of its
    ● Aquatic ecosystem interaction with the biotic and abiotic factors
    Freshwater ecosystem of its environment.
    - River ecosystem - It is advantageous for a species to occupy a
    - Lacustrine ecosystem unique niche on an ecosystem because it
    - Pond ecosystem reduces the amount of competition for
    - Marsin ecosystem resources that species will encounter.
    Marine ecosystem
    - Estuaries ecosystem Habitat
    - Open ocean ecosystem - Is a place where organism makes its home.
    - Ocean surface ecosystem - Meets all the environmental conditions an
    - Ocean bottom ecosystem organism needs to survive.

    TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY?


    - Forest ecosystem - “Biological” and “diversity”
    - Grassland ecosystem - Variety of life that can be found on earth
    6 MAIN THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
    - Human activities and loss of habitat
    - Deforestation
    - Desertification
    - Marine environment
    - Increasing wildlife trade
    - Climate change

    Habitat destruction
    Global climate change
    Habitat fragmentation
    Pollution
    Over-exploitation
    Alien species
    Disease

    5 Major Pressures of Biodiversity


    - Habitat loss and degradation
    - Overexploitation
    - IAS (introduction of alien species)
    - Climate change
    - Pollution

    The direct program interventions


    - Restoration of ecosystem functions:
    - Promotion of biodiversity friendly livelihoods
    - Strengthening law enforcement
    These are actions when implemented will result into
    concrete physical changes in the key biodiversity
    areas.

    Importance of Biodiversity
    - Increase ecosystem productivity; each
    species in an ecosystem has a specific
    niche - a role to play.
    - Support a larger number of plant species
    and, therefore, a greater variety of crops.
    - Protect freshwater resources.
    - Promote soils formation and protection.
    - Provide for nutrient storage and recycling.
    - Aid in breaking down pollutants.
    - Contribute to climate change stability.
    - Speed recovery from natural disasters.
    - Provide more food resources.
    - Provide more medicinal resources and
    pharmaceutical drugs.
    - Offer environments for recreation and
    tourism.

    6 WAYS TO PRESERVE BIODIVERSITY


    - Support local farms
    - Save the bees
    - Plan local flowers, fruits and vegetables
    - Take shorter showers
    - Respect local habitats
    - Know the source

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