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    Construction Equipments & Classification

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    rama ganesya
    This document discusses construction equipment, including their importance, classification, factors affecting selection, and financial aspects. It covers: - Construction equipment allows for faster, cheaper work with fewer laborers and higher output. Their classification includes intermittent, continuous flow, and mixed types. - Selection depends on standardization, size, uniformity, costs, and operating factors. Financial considerations involve purchasing, leasing, depreciation methods, and owning/operating costs over the equipment's economic life. - Proper replacement policies balance equipment life with costs, downtime, adequacy, and technological improvements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Construction Equipments & Classification

    Uploaded by

    rama ganesya
    46 views64 pages
    This document discusses construction equipment, including their importance, classification, factors affecting selection, and financial aspects. It covers: - Construction equipment allows for faster, cheaper work with fewer laborers and higher output. Their classification includes intermittent, continuous flow, and mixed types. - Selection depends on standardization, size, uniformity, costs, and operating factors. Financial considerations involve purchasing, leasing, depreciation methods, and owning/operating costs over the equipment's economic life. - Proper replacement policies balance equipment life with costs, downtime, adequacy, and technological improvements.

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    This document discusses construction equipment, including their importance, classification, factors affecting selection, and financial aspects. It covers: - Construction equipment allows for faster, cheaper work with fewer laborers and higher output. Their classification includes intermittent, continuous flow, and mixed types. - Selection depends on standardization, size, uniformity, costs, and operating factors. Financial considerations involve purchasing, leasing, depreciation methods, and owning/operating costs over the equipment's economic life. - Proper replacement policies balance equipment life with costs, downtime, adequacy, and technological improvements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views64 pages

    Construction Equipments & Classification

    Uploaded by

    rama ganesya
    This document discusses construction equipment, including their importance, classification, factors affecting selection, and financial aspects. It covers: - Construction equipment allows for faster, cheaper work with fewer laborers and higher output. Their classification includes intermittent, continuous flow, and mixed types. - Selection depends on standardization, size, uniformity, costs, and operating factors. Financial considerations involve purchasing, leasing, depreciation methods, and owning/operating costs over the equipment's economic life. - Proper replacement policies balance equipment life with costs, downtime, adequacy, and technological improvements.

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    Construction Equipments & Classification

    Content
    ▪ Importance of machineries in construction
    ▪ Classification ofConstruction Equipment
    ▪ Plants & Equipment used in construction
    ▪ Factors affecting selection of construction equipment
    ▪ Financial aspects related to construction equipments
    ▪ Depreciation
    ▪ Cost of owning and operating construction equipment
    The importance of machineries for
    construction

    ▪ Work can be completedfast.


    ▪ Cost of project is reduced.
    ▪ Less number oflaborers required.
    ▪ Excavation work can be carried out rapidly by using Power
    shovel, Dragline etc.
    ▪ Output ishigher
    ▪ Transportation of construction materials can be done easily by using
    Trucks, Wagons, Dumpersetc.
    ▪ Heavy loads can be lifted with the help of Tower crane, Elevator etc.
    The importance of machineries for
    construction (contd.)

    ▪ Better quality in construction is obtained by using construction


    equipments.
    ▪ E.g.: canal lining, concrete spreading, compaction & finishing are
    carried out by lining machine.
    ▪ Finishing & rolling of bituminous roads is not possible without
    Rollers.
    Power Shovel
    Dragline
    Dumper
    Towe
    r
    Crane
    Lining
    Machine
    Concret
    e
    Mixer
    Bulldozer
    Scrapper
    Air
    compressor
    Belt
    Conveyor
    Classification of Construction
    Equipment(according to work cycle)

    1. IntermittentType: a. Bulldozers
    b. Scrappers
    c. Power Shovels
    d. Concrete Mixers
    e. Dragline

    2. Continuous FlowType: a.Air Compressors


    b. BeltConveyors

    3. MixedType: a. Motor Graders


    Classification of Construction
    Equipment(according to nature of Automation)

    1. Manually OperatedEquipment
    2. Semi-Automatic Equipment
    3. Fully AutomaticEquipment
    Classification of Construction
    Equipment(according to Standardization of machine)

    1. Standard Equipment
    2. Special Equipment
    Difference B/w Standard and Special
    Equipments

    Standard Equipment Special Equipment


    ▪ Commonly used in all projects ▪ Used only in special cases

    ▪ Manufactured commonly & easily available from ▪ Manufactured as per requirements,special order
    dealer has to be placed

    ▪ Initial investment is low ▪ Initial investment is high

    ▪ Resale price is high ▪ Resale priceis low

    ▪ Delivery is easy & fast ▪ Delivery is difficult & delayed

    ▪ Repairs and spare parts are easily found ▪ Repairs and spare parts are difficult to find

    ▪ Disposal iseasy ▪ Disposal isdifficult

    ▪ Unit cost of production is less ▪ Unit cost of production is high

    ▪ Rent is low and reasonable ▪ Rent is high and unreasonable

    ▪ E.g. Canal Trimmer ▪ E.g. BeltConveyor


    Plants & Equipments used i n Construction

    ▪ Equipment forExcavation ▪ Equipment for productionof


    aggregate
    ▪ Earthmoving equipment
    ▪ Plant for grouting and guniting
    ▪ Hauling equipment
    ▪ Machineries for bituminous road
    ▪ Hoisting equipment
    ▪ Machineries for concreteworks
    ▪ Conveying equipment
    ▪ Dredging equipment
    ▪ Pile driving equipment
    ▪ Drilling equipment
    Equipment
    for
    Excavation
    Earthmoving
    Equipment
    Hauling
    Equipment
    Hoisting
    Equipment
    Conveying
    Equipment
    Pumping
    Equipment
    Compacting
    equipment
    Pile Driving
    Equipment
    Drilling
    Equipment
    Equipment for
    production of
    Aggregate
    Grouting
    Guniting
    Machinery for
    Bituminous Road
    Dredging
    Equipment
    Factors affecting the selection of
    Construction Equipment

    1. Use of standard equipments


    2. Size of equipment
    3. Uniformity of type
    4. Country of origin
    5. Initial cost ofequipment
    6. Availability of spareparts
    7. Unitcost of production
    8. Operating facility
    9. Suitability forfuture
    Financial aspects related to
    construction equipments

    ▪ How to arrange finance ? Sourcesof


    equipment

    ▪ Whether to Purchase (buy) or Long term Short term

    Hire ?
    Buy Lease

    Leasing with
    Down On loans Payment in
    Timelease option tobuy
    payment mobilized installments
    later
    Direct purchase

    Advantages Disadvantages
    ▪ Equipment is always ▪ If equipment becomes obsolete, it is
    economically operated useless
    ▪ Itreceives better care & ▪ Large sums involved remainblocked
    maintenance ▪ Tendency to perform work as per
    available equipment
    ▪ It can be available and used at
    any time ▪ Disposal is difficult
    ▪ Equipment may be used beyond its
    economic life
    ▪ Equipment may remain in idle
    condition forsome time
    Hiring (advantages)

    ▪ Little care is required for maintenance and storage


    ▪ Desired equipment is available in working order at short
    notice
    ▪ Investment costs can be diverted to other better purposes
    ▪ No fear of obsolescence of equipment, full advantage is
    taken by contractor of the improved technical aspects of
    equipment
    ▪ If found useful, equipment can be bought later
    JUST GIVE A THOUGHT !
    Example- Purchase/ Hire

    ▪ The original cost of bulldozer power shovel is


    Rs. 4 lacs & its salvage value is 8% of the
    original cost. The bulldozer is use for 1200
    hours/year and its life is 4 years. The hiring
    charges for the bulldozer incl. maintenance &
    repairs is Rs. 20000/month. Suggest whether
    the bulldozer should be purchased or hired.
    Ans: GUESS ???
    Depreciation
    ▪ It is the gradual loss in the value of the property due to its
    use, life, wear, tear and decay.
    ▪ It is dependent on its original condition, quality of
    maintenance & mode of use.
    ▪ Usually a % of depreciation per annum is allowed, which
    gradually increases with time
    ▪ Present value of property
    = Initial cost - Total amount of depreciation
    Types of depreciation

    a) Physical depreciation
    1. wear and tear fromoperation
    2. action of time and other elements
    b) Functional depreciation
    1. inadequacy or suppression
    2. obsolescence
    Methods of Calculating Depreciation:

    1. Straight Line method


    2. Constant Percentagemethod
    3. Sinking Fund method
    S t r a i g h t Line method
    Assumption: Property loses its value by the same amount every year.
    Therefore,Annual Depreciation=Annual Decrease in property value
    where, D= AnnualDepreciation
    C= Original Cost

    Depreciation of property after m years: S= ScrapValue


    n , m= life in years

    Therefore, Book value after m years:


    Constant Percentage method
    ▪ Assumption: Property will lose its value by a constant percentage of its
    value at the beginning of every year.
    Where, p= % rate of annual Depreciation
    S= Scrap value
    C= Original cost

    n= life inyears
    ▪ If any age of property is m years, the value of property after m years:
    Sinking Fund method
    ▪ Assumption: depreciation of the property = the annual sinking fund
    + interest on the sinking fund for that year
    ▪ If I is the rate of interest, the annual sinking fund installment(p) to
    accumulate 1 Rs in m years:

    ▪ If I is the rate of interest, and 1 Rsis deposited every year, total


    sinking fund accumulated at the end of n years:

    ▪ Rate of depreciation in n years:


    Factors affecting Cost of Owning
    & operating Equipment:
    ▪ Cost of the equipment to the owner
    ▪ Demand of the equipment at the end of its useful life
    ▪ Number of hours it is used per year
    ▪ Number of years it isused
    ▪ Severity of conditions under which it is used
    ▪ State of maintenance and repairs
    Economic l i f e of Construction
    Equipments:

    Equipment should be replaced under following circumstances:


    1. Depreciation
    2. Downtime
    3. Inadequacy
    4. Normal Deterioration
    Equipment Replacement Policy:
    A firm has to face three type of decisions:
    1. The replacement of equipment as it wears out
    2. The equipment required forexpansion
    3.The replacement of old technology by new
    Equipment is replaced before its estimated life to:

    ▪ Reduce production cost


    ▪ Reduce fatigue
    ▪ Raise quality
    ▪ Increase output
    ▪ Secure greater convenience, safety and reliability

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