L1 Units Definitions 2558 PDF
L1 Units Definitions 2558 PDF
L1 Units Definitions 2558 PDF
Lecture #1
Anawach Sangswang
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
KMUTT
Electrical Power Systems
Hydro
Gas
Generations
Transmissions
Coal
Distributions
Nuclear
2
Introduction
An electric circuit is an interconnection of
electrical elements
A simple electric circuit
3
Systems of Units
International System of Units (SI): General
Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960
4
5
Powers of Ten
Notation
Fixed point
Floating point
6
Powers of Ten
Scientific notation
Engineering notation
Prefixes
7
Symbols and Meanings
8
Charge
Charge is an electrical property
of the atomic particles of which
matter consists, measured in Hydrogen
coulombs (C).
The charge e on one
electron is negative
and equal in magnitude
to 1.602 × 10-19 C
Helium
9
Charge
Copper
11
Charge
Random motion of free electrons
13
Example
Total no. of charges pass in 1 min is given by
5 A = (5 C/s)(60 s/min) = 300 C/min
Total no. of electronics pass in 1 min is given
300 C/min
−19
= 1 .87 x10 21
electrons/min
1.602 x10 C/electron
14
Example
The total charge entering a terminal is given
by q = 5t sin4πt mC. Calculate the current at
t = 0.5 s
i = dq/dt = d(5t sin4πt)/dt
= 5sin4πt + 20πt cos4πt mA
At t = 0.5: i = 5 sin2π + 10π cos2π = 0 + 10 π
= 31.42 mA
15
DC vs. AC
A direct current (dc) is a current that remains
constant with time.
An alternating current (ac) is a current that
varies sinusoidally with time. (reverse
direction)
16
Voltage
Voltage (or potential difference) is the energy
required to move a unit charge through an
element, measured in volts (V).
A potential difference of 1 volt (V) exists
between two points if 1 joule (J) of energy is
exchanged in moving 1 coulomb (C) of charge
between the two points.
17
Voltage
Defining the voltage between 2 points
18
Voltage
Mathematically, 𝑣𝑣𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ≜ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑�𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (volt)
w is energy in joules (J)
q is charge in coulomb (C).
Electric voltage, vab, is always across the circuit
element or between two points in a circuit.
vab > 0 means the potential of a is higher
than potential of b.
vab < 0 means the potential of a is lower
than potential of b.
vab = −vba
19
Power and Energy
Power is the time rate of expending or
absorbing energy, measured in watts (W)
Mathematical expression: 𝑝𝑝 ≜ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑�
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
dw dw dq
p= = ⋅ = vi
dt dq dt
p= v ⋅ i
20
21
Power and Energy
The law of conservation of energy
∑p=0
Energy is the capacity to do work, measured
in joules (J)
t t
Mathematical expression: w = ∫t pdt = ∫t vidt
0 0
Example: How much energy does a 100W
electric bulb consume in 2 hours?
w = pt = 100 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 60 ⋅ 60 = 720, 000 J = 720kJ
or
w = pt = 100 ⋅ 2 = 200 Wh
22
Circuit Elements
Voltage source
23
Circuit Elements
Active Elements Passive Elements
25
Circuit Elements
Example: Calculate the power at each element
26
Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.
Alternative Proxies: