98. Advertising.

Sound Software estimates that it will sell where P(t) is the number of barrels, in billions,
N units of a program after spending a dollars on produced in a year, t years after 1950. (Source: Beyond
advertising, where Oil, by Kenneth S. Deffeyes, p. xii, Hill and Wang, New
N1a2 = - a 2 + 300a + 6, 0 … a … 300, York, 2005.) According to this model, in what year
did worldwide oil production achieve an absolute
and a is in thousands of dollars. Find the maximum num- maximum? What was that maximum? (Hint: Do not
ber of units that can be sold and the amount that must be solve P¿1t2 = 0 algebraically.)
spent on advertising in order to achieve that maximum.
99. Small business. The percentage of the U.S. national
income generated by nonfarm proprietors may be
modeled by
13x 3 - 240x 2 - 2460x + 585,000
p1x2 = ,
75,000
where x is the number of years since 1970. (Source: U.S.
Census Bureau.) According to this model, in what year
from 1970 through 2000 was this percentage a minimum?
Calculate the answer, and then check it on the graph.
y
Percentage of U.S. national income

8.6
generated by nonfarm proprietors

13x 3 – 240x 2 – 2460x + 585,000

p(x) = ——————————————
8.4 75,000

8.2
102. Maximizing profit. Corner Stone Electronics
8.0
determines that its total weekly profit, in dollars, from
7.8 the production and sale of x amplifiers is given by
7.6 1500
P1x2 = .
7.4 x 2 - 6x + 10
7.2 Find the number of amplifiers, x, for which the total
weekly profit is a maximum.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 x
Number of years since 1970 Maximizing profit. The total-cost and total-revenue functions
for producing x items are
100. The percentage of the U.S. civilian labor force aged 1
35–44 may be modeled by C1x2  5000  600x and R1x2   x 2  1000x,
2
f 1x2 = - 0.029x 2 + 0.928x + 19.103,
where 0 ◊ x ◊ 600. Use these functions for Exercises 103
where x is the number of years since 1980. (Source: U.S.
and 104.
Census Bureau.) According to this model, in what year
from 1980 through 2010 was this percentage a maximum? 103. a) Find the total-profit function P1x2.
Calculate the answer, and then check it on the graph. b) Find the number of items, x, for which the total
profit is a maximum.
y
104. a) The average profit is given by A1x2 = P1x2>x. Find
26
labor force aged 35-44 years

A(x).
Percentage of U.S. civilian

25 b) Find the number of items, x, for which the average

24 profit is a maximum.
23 Life and Physical Sciences
22 105. Blood pressure. For a dosage of x cubic centimeters
21 f(x) = –0.029x 2 + 0.928x + 19.103 (cc) of a certain drug, the resulting blood pressure B is
approximated by
20
B1x2 = 305x 2 - 1830x 3, 0 … x … 0.16.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 x Find the maximum blood pressure and the dosage at
Number of years since 1980 which it occurs.
101. Worldwide oil production. One model of worldwide
oil production is the function given by
P1t2 = 0.000008533t 4 - 0.001685t 3 + 0.090t 2
- 0.687t + 4.00, 0 … t … 90,
 115. Business: total cost. Certain costs in a business
environment can be separated into two components:
those that increase with volume and those that decrease
with volume. For example, customer service becomes
more expensive as its quality increases, but part of the
increased cost is offset by fewer customer complaints.
A firm has determined that its cost of service, C1x2, in
thousands of dollars, is modeled by
111. Consider the piecewise-defined function f defined by:
C1x2 = 12x + 42 + a b, x 7 6,
2
x 2 + 2, for - 2 … x … 0,
f 1x2 = c 2,
x - 6
for 0 6 x 6 4,
x - 2, for 4 … x … 6. where x represents the number of “quality units.” Find
the number of “quality units” that the firm should use
a) Sketch its graph. in order to minimize its total cost of service.
b) Identify the absolute maximum.
c) How would you describe the absolute minimum?
112. Physical science: dry lake elevation. Dry lakes are
common in the Western deserts of the United States.
These beds of ancient lakes are notable for having per-
fectly flat terrain. Rogers Dry Lake in California has
been used as a landing site for space shuttle missions in
recent years. The graph shows the elevation E, in feet,
as a function of the distance x, in miles, from a point
west 1x = 02 of Rogers Dry Lake to a point east of the
dry lake. (Source: www.mytopo.com.)
E
119. Business: U.S. oil production. One model of oil
2295
production in the United States is given by
Elevation (in feet)

2290
P1t2 = 0.0000000219t 4 - 0.0000167t 3 + 0.00155t 2
2285 + 0.002t + 0.22, 0 … t … 110,
2280 where P(t) is the number of barrels of oil, in billions,
2275 produced in a year, t years after 1910. (Source: Beyond
Oil, by Kenneth S. Deffeyes, p. 41, Hill and Wang, New
2270
York, 2005.)
2265 x a) According to this model, what is the absolute maxi-
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Distance (in miles) mum amount of oil produced in the United States
and in what year did that production occur?
b) According to this model, at what rate was United
States oil production declining in 2004 and in
2010?

a) What is the maximum elevation?

b) How would you describe the minimum elevation?