Proceedings of 2018 1st IEEE International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking (HotICN 2018)

(GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\&RRSHUDWLYH6\VWHP%DVHGRQ
%ORFNFKDLQ
4LQ/LX 4LQJFKHQ*XDQ ;LDRZHQ<DQJ 
School of Software Engineering School of Software Engineering School of Software Engineering
Tongji University Tongji University Tongji University
6KDQJKDL&KLQD 6KDQJKDL&KLQD 6KDQJKDL&KLQD
TLQOLX#WRQJMLHGXFQ JXDQTLQJFKHQ#WRQJMLHGXFQ ILRQ\DQJ#WRQJMLHGXFQ
+RQJPLQJ=KX *LOO*UHHQ 6KDRKDQ<LQ
School of Software Engineering Centre for Islamic Finance School of Software Engineering
Tongji University University of Bolton Tongji University
6KDQJKDL&KLQD %ROWRQ8. 6KDQJKDL&KLQD
]KXBKRQJPLQJ#WRQJMLHGXFQ **UHHQ#EROWRQDFXN \LQVKDRKDQ#WRQJMLHGXFQ

Abstract²%ORFNFKDLQLVWKHXQGHUO\LQJWHFKQRORJ\RI%LWFRLQ MREUHODWHG RXWFRPHV &KULVWLQH $ +HQOH GLG D UHVHDUFK RQ

,W LV FRQVLGHUHG D SURVSHFW E\ LQGXVWULHV VXFK DV ILQDQFH UHVXPH IUDXG IURP SHUVSHFWLYH RI VWDWLVWLFV SV\FKRORJ\ DQG
HGXFDWLRQ DQG KHDOWKFDUH GXH WR LWV GHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQ DQG QRQ KXPDQEHKDYLRU>@:KLOHWKLVLVRQO\DZD\RIUHVXPHIUDXG
WDPSHULQJ IHDWXUHV ,Q WKH FXUUHQW (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ SUHGLFWLRQ ZLWK OLPLWHG DFFXUDF\ ZKLFK FDQQRW VROYH WKH
FRRSHUDWLRQ VXEVWDQWLYH LQIRUPDWLRQ DV\PPHWU\ H[LVWV EHWZHHQ SUREOHP IURP WKH YHU\ EHJLQQLQJ 6R ZH PDNH XVH RI WKH
XQLYHUVLWLHV DQG HPSOR\LQJ FRPSDQLHV 6WXGHQW FUHGLW V\VWHPV WUDQVSDUHQF\IHDWXUHVRIWKHEORFNFKDLQV\VWHPWRLPSOHPHQWDQ
DQG WKH KLVWRULFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ GDWD FKDLQ QHHG XUJHQW (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ FRRSHUDWLYH V\VWHP XVLQJ +\SHUOHGJHU
HVWDEOLVKPHQW DQG PDLQWHQDQFH 7KH SDSHU PDNHV XVH RI WKH
EORFNFKDLQ IUDPHZRUN ZKLFK SURYLGHV DQ LQQRYDWLYH DQG
WUDQVSDUHQF\ DQG QRQWDPSHULQJ IHDWXUHV RI WKH EORFNFKDLQ
YLDEOH VROXWLRQ IRU XQLYHUVLWLHV DQG FRPSDQLHV FROODERUDWLRQ
V\VWHP WR LPSOHPHQW DQ (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ FRRSHUDWLYH V\VWHP
EDVHG RQ WKH EORFNFKDLQ +\SHUOHGJHU IUDPHZRUN 8VLQJ WKH
DQGLQIRUPDWLRQVKDULQJ)UDXGVDUHH[SHFWHGWREHHOLPLQDWHG
&HUWLILFDWH$XWKRULW\VHUYLFHDQGWUDQVDFWLRQVLQWKH+\SHUOHGJHU DQG WKH WUXVW EHWZHHQ XQLYHUVLWLHV DQG FRPSDQLHV FDQ EH
IUDPHZRUN WKH V\VWHP VLPXODWHV WKH UROHV RI XQLYHUVLWLHV DQG HVWDEOLVKHG
FRPSDQLHVLQWKHV\VWHPDQGHQDEOHVXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGHQWHUSULVHV 7KH UHVW RI WKH SDSHU LV RUJDQL]HG DV IROORZV )LUVW DQ
WR VKDUH LQIRUPDWLRQ WUDQVSDUHQWO\ ZKLFK DFKLHYHV LQIRUPDWLRQ RYHUYLHZRIWKHFXUUHQWVWDWXVRIEORFNFKDLQWHFKQRORJ\DQGWKH
V\PPHWU\ DPRQJ VWXGHQW VNLOO DQG NQRZOHGJH LQIRUPDWLRQ +\SHUOHGJHUSURMHFWLVJLYHQLQ6HFWLRQ,,7KHQWKHPDMRUSDLQ
GHPDQGV RI HQWHUSULVH UHFUXLWPHQW DQG FXUUHQW PDUNHW WUHQGV
SRLQWVRIWKHFROODERUDWLRQEHWZHHQXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGFRPSDQLHV
7KLVRIIHUVDVLJQLILFDQWDWWHPSWRQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIEORFNFKDLQ
WHFKQRORJ\ WR (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ FRRSHUDWLRQ DV D SLORW
DQGWKHVFHQHVLQZKLFKEORFNFKDLQFDQEHDSSOLHGDUHDQDO\]HG
GHYHORSPHQWIRUWHFKQRORJ\GHSOR\PHQW LQ6HFWLRQ,,,7KHSURWRW\SHV\VWHPGHVLJQDQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQ
LVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ6HFWLRQ,9)LQDOO\FRQFOXVLRQVDQGWKHIXWXUH
Keywords—Blockchain, Hyperledger, industry, education, ZRUNDUHSUHVHQWHGLQ6HFWLRQ9DQG9,
employment
,, %/2&.&+$,1 +<3(5/('*(5
, ,1752'8&7,21
A. Blockchain
5HFUXLWPHQW DQG HPSOR\PHQW EXLOG D EULGJH EHWZHHQ
HGXFDWLRQ DQG LQGXVWU\ +RZHYHU WKH FXUUHQW (GXFDWLRQ %ORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ LV WKH XQGHUO\LQJ FRUH WHFKQRORJ\
,QGXVWU\ FRRSHUDWLRQ QHHGV VHDPOHVV FRQYHUJHQFH DPRQJ RI%LWFRLQ>@DQGLVHVVHQWLDOO\DGLVWULEXWHGDQGGHFHQWUDOL]HG
XQLYHUVLW\VWXGHQWVHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVDQGFRPSDQLHVDQG GDWD VWRUDJH VFKHPH $OO EORFNFKDLQ QRGHV FROOHFWLYHO\
WKH HIILFLHQF\ DQG WUDQVSDUHQF\ QHHG WR EH LPSURYHG 7KH PDLQWDLQ D VHW RI UHOLDEOH GDWD ZLWKRXW WKH QHHG WR WUXVW HDFK
FXUUHQW VWXGHQW FUHGLW V\VWHP LV QRW VRXQG ZLWK OLPLWHG GDWD RWKHUWKURXJKWKHXVHRIGHFHQWUDOL]HG33SURWRFROV
GLPHQVLRQ DQG LQFRPSOHWH KLVWRULFDO UHFRUGV 2Q RQH KDQG %ORFNFKDLQ LVD WHFKQLFDO VFKHPH ZKLFK YHULILHV WUDQVPLWV
GLSORPDIUDXGDFDGHPLFIUDXGDQGUHVXPHIUDXGH[DFWO\H[LVW DQG H[FKDQJHV GDWD WKURXJK LWV RZQ GLVWULEXWHG QHWZRUN DQG
RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG FRPSDQLHV ODFN HIIHFWLYH GRHVQRWUHO\RQWKLUGSDUWLHVDQGGDWDVWRUHV7RSXWLWSODLQO\
PHDQV RI YHULILFDWLRQ $V D UHVXOW WKH JRYHUQPHQW DQG EORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ UHIHUV WR D ZD\ RI LQYROYLQJ DOO
FRPSDQLHV FDQQRW REWDLQ FRPSOHWH DQG FUHGLEOH VWXGHQW SDUWLFLSDQWV LQ WHUPV RI GDWD VWRUDJH DQG PDLQWHQDQFH >@ $OO
LQIRUPDWLRQ ZKLFK UHGXFHV WKH WUXVW EHWZHHQ XQLYHUVLWLHV DQG V\VWHPV KDYH D GDWDEDVH EHKLQG WKHP DQG LQ EORFNFKDLQ WKH
FRPSDQLHV GDWDEDVHFRXOGEHUHJDUGHGDVDKXJHOHGJHU,WLVLPSRUWDQWWR
5HVXPHIUDXGLVSHUYDVLYHDQGKDVGHWULPHQWDOFRQVHTXHQFH NQRZZKRKDVWKHDXWKRULW\WRNHHSWKLVOHGJHU,QDEORFNFKDLQ
EXWLVUDUHO\VWXGLHGGHVSLWHWKHQHJDWLYHLPSDFWLWFDQKDYHRQ V\VWHP PHPEHUV RI WKH V\VWHP KDYH WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR
SDUWLFLSDWHLQERRNNHHSLQJ,IWKHUHLVDQ\FKDQJHRIGDWDZLWKLQ
7KHSDSHULVVSRQVRUHGE\7KH1DWLRQDO.H\5HVHDUFKDQG'HYHORSPHQW
3URJUDPRI&KLQD<)%6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\&RPPLVVLRQ
RI6KDQJKDL0XQLFLSDOLW\7KH6KDQJKDL6DLOLQJ
3URJUDP<)

978-1-5386-4870-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE


 Proceedings of 2018 1st IEEE International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking (HotICN 2018)

D FHUWDLQ SHULRG RI WLPH DOO V\VWHP PHPEHUV FDQ DPHQG WKH
UHFRUG7KHV\VWHPZLOOMXGJHWKHSHUVRQZKRPDNHVWKHIDVWHVW
DQGEHVWUHFRUGGXULQJWKLVSHULRGZULWHGRZQWKHFRQWHQWVRI
WKLVUHFRUGWRWKHOHGJHUDQGEURDGFDVWWKHUHFRUGVWRDOORWKHUV
LQWKHV\VWHPIRUEDFNXS(YHU\PHPEHURIVXFKDV\VWHPKDVD
FRPSOHWH FRS\ RI WKH GDWD OHGJHU 7KLV NLQG RI GDWD VWRUDJH
VFKHPHLVFDOOHGEORFNFKDLQ
%ORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ UHOLHV RQ GLVWULEXWHG FU\SWRJUDSK\
DQGPDWKHPDWLFDODOJRULWKPV>@,WLVKDUGWRHVWDEOLVKWUXVWRQ
WKH ,QWHUQHW ZLWKRXW WKH KHOS RI DQ\ WKLUGSDUW\ LQWHUYHQWLRQ
%ORFNFKDLQKRZHYHUFDQPDNHSDUWLFLSDQWVUHDFKDFRQVHQVXV
LQWKLVHQYLURQPHQWDWYHU\ORZFRVW,WVROYHVWKHSUREOHPRI
KRZWRWUDQVIHUWUXVWDQGYDOXH )LJ $UFKLWHFWXUHRI+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF
'XH WR WKH LQKHUHQW IHDWXUHV RI GHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQ DQG QRQ
WDPSHULQJ WKH EORFNFKDLQ KDV EHHQ FRQVLGHUHG DV KDYLQJ x %ORFN$JURXSRIFRQILUPHGWUDQVDFWLRQVUHDG\WRMRLQ
H[SDQVLYH SURVSHFWV DFURVV LQGXVWULHV VXFK DV ILQDQFH WKHEORFNFKDLQ
HGXFDWLRQDQGKHDOWKFDUH+RZHYHUDVWKHEORFNFKDLQKDVRQO\ x %ORFNFKDLQ $ FKDLQ VWUXFWXUH PDGH XS RI PXOWLSOH
UHFHQWO\EHHQUHFRJQL]HGUHVHDUFKDQGGHYHORSPHQWDUHVWLOOLQ EORFNV HDFK EORFN FRQWDLQV WKH KDVK RI WKH SUHYLRXV
WKHLU LQIDQF\ :KLOVW VRPH W\SLFDO DSSOLFDWLRQV RI EORFNFKDLQ EORFNFRQWHQWH[FHSWWKHILUVWEORFN
KDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGGLYHUVHILHOGVDUHQRZDFWLYHO\H[SORULQJ
WKH YDOXH DQG SRWHQWLDO RI DSSOLFDWLRQV IRXQGHG RQ EORFNFKDLQ x &HUWLILFDWH $XWKRULW\&$ 5HVSRQVLEOH IRU DXWKRULW\
SODWIRUP %ORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ ZLOO DGYDQFH IROORZLQJ WKH PDQDJHPHQW DOVR FDOOHG 0HPEHU 6HUYLFH RU ,GHQWLW\
GLUHFWLRQ RI EORFNFKDLQ  GLJLWDO FXUUHQF\ EORFNFKDLQ  6HUYLFH
GLJLWDO DVVHWV DQG VPDUW FRQWUDFWV WR EORFNFKDLQ 
EORFNFKDLQ VHOIFRQVLVWHQW RUJDQL]DWLRQ FRPSDQ\ DQG LW LV x &KDLQFRGH 7KH DSSOLFDWLRQ ORJLF FRGH RQ EORFNFKDLQ
VXJJHVWHG WKDW HYHQWXDOO\ WKH EORFNFKDLQ VRFLHW\ WKURXJKRXW GHULYHG IURP D 6PDUW &RQWUDFW UXQQLQJ LQ DQ LVRODWHG
HGXFDWLRQ KHDOWKFDUH VFLHQFH DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH DQG RWKHU FRQWDLQHUHQYLURQPHQW
DVSHFWVRIVRFLHW\ZLOOEHUHDFKHG x /HGJHU &RQWDLQV WKH EORFNFKDLQ ZLWK DOO WUDQVDFWLRQ
LQIRUPDWLRQDQGWKH:RUOG6WDWH
B. Hyperledger Fabric
x 2UGHUHU 5HVSRQVLEOH IRU FRQVHQVXV VHUYLFH VRUWV
7KH+\SHUOHGJHUSURMHFWLVWKHILUVWVLJQLILFDQWH[SORUDWRU\ XQFRQILUPHG WUDQVDFWLRQV JLYHV WKH JOREDO RUGHU IRU
GHYHORSPHQW LQ WHUPV RI RSHQ DQG VWDQGDUG EORFNFKDLQ FRQILUPLQJ
WHFKQRORJ\ :LWK WKH VXSSRUW RI WKH /LQX[ )RXQGDWLRQ
+\SHUOHGJHU KDV DWWUDFWHG WKH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ RI PDQ\ WHFKQLFDO x 7UDQVDFWLRQ &DOOV VRPH IXQFWLRQV RQ WKH /HGJHU
DQGILQDQFLDOFRUSRUDWLRQV,Q0DUFKXQGHUWKHDXVSLFHV IXQFWLRQVLPSOHPHQWHGLQ&KDLQFRGH
RI WKH /LQX[ )RXQGDWLRQ WKH +\SHUOHGJHU SURMHFW IRUPDOO\
LQFRUSRUDWHG WKH VRXUFH FRGH FRQWULEXWHG E\ PHPEHUV RI x :RUOG6WDWH$NH\YDOXHGDWDEDVHKHOSV&KDLQFRGHWR
%ORFNVWUHDP 'LJLWDO $VVHW +ROGLQJV DQG WKH WHFKQLFDO JLDQW VWRUHWKHJOREDOVWDWXVRIWUDQVDFWLRQV
,%0 LQWR D QHZ FRGH EDVH WR IRUP D QHZ HQWHUSULVHOHYHO
EORFNFKDLQ EDVH 7KLV FRGH FROOHFWLRQ LV FDOOHG +\SHUOHGJHU
)DEULF )DEULF DLPV WR LQWHUFKDQJH PDLQWDLQ DQG UHWULHYH
LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ VSHFLILF DVVHWV ZLWKLQ D FRQVHQVXV QHWZRUN ,,, %/2&.&+$,1,1('8&$7,21,1'8675<&223(5$7,9(
)DEULF DUFKLWHFWXUH VXSSRUWV WKH SOXJJLQJ DQG XQSOXJJLQJ RI :25.
PRGXOHV ZKLFK ZLOO IXUWKHU SURPRWH WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI 6PDUW (GXFDWLRQ DQG HPSOR\PHQW DLP WR DFKLHYH VHDPOHVV
&RQWUDFWVIRUYDULRXVEXVLQHVVVFHQDULRV FRQYHUJHQFHEHWZHHQWKHVWXGHQWVHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVDQG
FRPSDQLHVLQRUGHUWRLPSURYHWKHHIILFLHQF\DQGWUDQVSDUHQF\
7KHEORFNFKDLQLQ+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULFFDQEHXQGHUVWRRGLQ RIHGXFDWLRQDQGHPSOR\PHQWDJHQFLHV>@7KHWUDQVSDUHQF\RI
WKH PRGHO RI VWDWHPDFKLQH UHSOLFDWLRQ ZKHUH D VHUYLFH D EORFNFKDLQ V\VWHP LV IXOO\ DSSOLFDEOH WR VWXGHQW FUHGLW
PDLQWDLQV VRPH VWDWH DQG FOLHQWV LQYRNH RSHUDWLRQV WKDW PDQDJHPHQW HPSOR\PHQW DFDGHPLF TXDOLILFDWLRQ FHUWLILFDWH
WUDQVIRUP WKH VWDWH DQG JHQHUDWH RXWSXWV 7KH EORFNFKDLQ DQGRWKHU(GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\FRRSHUDWLRQ
HPXODWHV D ³WUXVWHG´ FRPSXWLQJ VHUYLFH WKURXJK D GLVWULEXWHG
SURWRFROUXQE\QRGHVFRQQHFWHGRYHUWKH,QWHUQHW7KHQRGHV $V WKH FXUUHQW VWXGHQW FUHGLW V\VWHP LV QRW VWURQJ HQRXJK
VKDUH WKH FRPPRQ JRDO RI UXQQLQJ WKH VHUYLFH EXW GR QRW DQG WKH KLVWRULFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ GDWD FKDLQ KDV QRW EHHQ
QHFHVVDULO\ WUXVW HDFK RWKHU 7KH DUFKLWHFWXUH RI WKH HVWDEOLVKHGJRYHUQPHQWDQGHQWHUSULVHVFDQQRWREWDLQFRPSOHWH
+\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF LV VKRZQ EHORZ DV )LJ  ZKLFK FRQWDLQV DQGHIIHFWLYHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGVWXGHQWVWKXVFDQQRWHDVLO\ DQG
WKUHH PDMRU FRPSRQHQWV %ORFNFKDLQ &KDLQFRGH DQG IDLUO\ HQMR\ WKH VHUYLFH WKH\ GHVHUYH 2Q RQH KDQG DFDGHPLF
0HPEHUVKLS>@ IUDXG WKHVLV IUDXG DQG UHVXPH IUDXG DUH VHULRXV RQ WKH RWKHU
KDQG HPSOR\PHQW LQVWLWXWLRQV GR QRW KDYH SURSHU PHDQV RI
YHULILFDWLRQ VR WKH\ VXIIHU IURP WKH ORVV RI LQIRUPDWLRQ


 Proceedings of 2018 1st IEEE International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking (HotICN 2018)

DV\PPHWU\ FDXVLQJ PLVWUXVW DPRQJ XQLYHUVLWLHV HQWHUSULVHV EDFNJURXQG VHUYLFH OD\HU WKH IURQWHQG XVHU LQWHUIDFH ZDV
DQGLQVWLWXWLRQV,QDGGLWLRQWKHUHDUHRIWHQFRS\ULJKWGLVSXWHV HIIHFWHG XVLQJ $QJXODU-6 )XQFWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ VWRULQJ
DQG DFDGHPLF GLVSXWHV RQ WKH ,QWHUQHW UHODWLQJ WR DFDGHPLF PRGLI\LQJDQGTXHU\LQJWKHEORFNFKDLQGDWDDUHDFKLHYHG
H[SHULPHQWV 6FKRODUV DQG UHVHDUFKHUV ODFN WKH DZDUHQHVV RI
LQWHOOHFWXDO SURSHUW\ SURWHFWLRQ ZKLFK PD\ UHGXFH WKH A. System Architecture
HQWKXVLDVPRIDFDGHPLFUHVHDUFK 7KH V\VWHP DUFKLWHFWXUH OD\HUV DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJ 
%ORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ FDQ JUHDWO\ RSWLPL]H H[LVWLQJ +\SHUOHGJHU)DEULFSODWIRUPXQGHUOLHVWKHZKROHV\VWHPXVLQJ
RSHUDWLRQDO VROXWLRQV DQG HIIHFWLYHO\ VLPSOLI\ WKH SURFHVVDQG EORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ DV GDWD VWRUDJH 7KHQ +\SHUOHGJHU
LPSURYHHIILFLHQF\>@DYRLGLQJLQIRUPDWLRQRSDFLW\DQGIUDXG )DEULF &$ SURYLGHV WKH $XWKRUL]DWLRQ 6HUYLFH 7KH
,W FDQ IDFLOLWDWH WUDFNLQJ DOO SRVLWLYH DQG QHJDWLYH EHKDYLRU +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF &KDLQ&RGH 6HUYLFH LV DGRSWHG WR IXOILOO
UHFRUGV RI VWXGHQWV GXULQJ WKH FDPSXV SHULRG E\ XVLQJ VPDUWFRQWUDFWVEDVHGRQWKHEORFNFKDLQ2QWRSRI+\SHUOHGJHU
GLVWULEXWHG OHGJHUV WR UHFRUG FURVVUHJLRQDO DQG FURVV LV WKH DXWKRULW\ DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ PRGXOH VWXGHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ
LQVWLWXWLRQDO VWXGHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ EXLOGLQJ D KHDOWK\ FUHGLW PDQDJHPHQW PRGXOH UHFUXLWPHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ PDQDJHPHQW
HFRORJ\ 6WXGHQWV ZLWK JRRG UHFRUGV PD\ JDLQ DGGLWLRQDO PRGXOH DQG WKH EORFN LQIRUPDWLRQ PDQDJHPHQW PRGXOH 7KH
LQFHQWLYHV V\VWHPSURYLGHVDZHELQWHUIDFHDQGDFRPPDQGOLQHLQWHUIDFH
IRUPDQLSXODWLQJ+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULFIURPWKHERWWRPVLGH
%ORFNFKDLQ FDQ SURYLGH WKH GLJLWDO SURRI RI DFDGHPLF
DFKLHYHPHQWDQGDXWKRULW\HYLGHQFHIRUDFDGHPLFGLVSXWHVDQG
WKXVUHGXFHWKHFRVWVRIPDQSRZHUDQGWLPH$WWKHVDPHWLPH
WKLV GLJLWDO SURRI FDQ EH VHDPOHVVO\ LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK H[LVWLQJ
DSSOLFDWLRQVDGGLQJDXQLTXHWLPHVWDPSLGHQWLW\SURRIIRUHDFK
WH[W SLFWXUH DXGLR DQG YLGHR 7KLV HQVXUHV LQWHJULW\ DQG
FRQVLVWHQF\RIWKHGDWDDQGSURWHFWVLQWHOOHFWXDOSURSHUW\ULJKWV
>@
,Q WKH FDVH RI HGXFDWLRQDO FHUWLILFDWHV D VWXGHQW FUHGLW
SODWIRUP EDVHG RQ EORFNFKDLQ FDQ FUHDWH D GLJLWDO ILOH
FRQWDLQLQJ EDVLF LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG WKHQ XVH WKH SULYDWH NH\ RI
WKH XVHU WR VLJQ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH FHUWLILFDWH DQG WKHQ DGGD
VLJQDWXUH WR WKH FHUWLILFDWH LWVHOI $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH KDVK YDOXH
FUHDWHGWKHFRQWHQWVRIWKHFHUWLILFDWHFDQEHYHULILHG)LQDOO\
WKH XVHU FDQ XVH WKH SULYDWH NH\ LQ WKH EORFNFKDLQ WR FUHDWH D
GLJLWDO UHFRUG DQG HQVXUH WKH FRQVLVWHQF\ RI ERWK XVHU
LQIRUPDWLRQDQGFHUWLILFDWHFRQWHQW7KHHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQV
FDQXVHWKHLURZQSULYDWHNH\VWRVLJQDGLJLWDOFHUWLILFDWHZLWK
WKH ZKROH LQIRUPDWLRQ UHFRUG WR EH VWRUHG LQ WKH EORFNFKDLQ )LJ 3URWRW\SH6\VWHP$UFKLWHFWXUH/D\HUV
ZLWKDXQLTXHKDVKYDOXH7KHQDWHDFKDXWKRUL]DWLRQDQGTXHU\
WKH FHUWLILFDWH FDQ EH WULJJHUHG DQG YHULILHG E\ WKH VPDUW $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH GDWD IORZ VKRZQ LQ )LJ  XVHUV FDQ GR
FRQWUDFW DQG WKH PXOWLVLJQDWXUH 7KLV HQVXUHV WKDW WKHUH ZLOO LGHQWLW\DXWKHQWLFDWLRQWKURXJKWKHZHELQWHUIDFHDQGREWDLQWKH
QRW EH PDOLFLRXV TXHULHV DQG WKH WUDQVDFWLRQ ZLOO JLYH WKH FHUWLILFDWHIURPWKH+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF&$6HUYHUZLWKDYDOLG
GLJLWDOFHUWLILFDWHWRVWXGHQWVRUHPSOR\HUFRPSDQLHV XVHU ,' DQG SDVVZRUG 9DOLGDWHG XVHUV FDQ LQWHUDFW ZLWK WKH
V\VWHP WKURXJK WKH ZHE LQWHUIDFH RU WKH SURYLGHG FRPPDQG
)RU (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ FRRSHUDWLRQ WKLV LV D ZLQZLQ OLQH LQWHUIDFH 8VHUV FDQ TXHU\ RU PDQLSXODWH WKH EORFNFKDLQ
SURFHVV EHWZHHQ HGXFDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG HPSOR\HU LQIRUPDWLRQ VWXGHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ RU UHFUXLWPHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ
HQWHUSULVHV1RZRQHRIWKHSUREOHPVRIHGXFDWLRQLVWKDWVNLOOV GHSHQGLQJRQWKHDXWKRUL]DWLRQRIWKHXVHU
LQIRUPDWLRQ RI VWXGHQWV DQG NQRZOHGJH V\VWHPV DUH QRW
V\PPHWULFDOZLWKWKHVNLOOGHPDQGVRIWKHPDUNHWDQGHPSOR\HU
HQWHUSULVHV 6HDPOHVV FRQYHUJHQFH PD\ EH DFKLHYHG ZLWK
EORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ ZKLFK FDQ HIIHFWLYHO\ SURPRWH
FRRSHUDWLRQEHWZHHQXQLYHUVLWLHVDQGHQWHUSULVHV

,9 352727<3(6<67(0'(6,*1 ,03/(0(17$7,21

7KH SURWRW\SH V\VWHP DLPV WR XVH +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF WR
LPSOHPHQW D EORFNFKDLQEDVHG (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ FRRSHUDWLYH
V\VWHPVKDULQJVWXGHQWDQGHPSOR\HULQIRUPDWLRQ7KHILUVWVWHS
LV WR VHW XS DQG GHSOR\ D +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF EORFNFKDLQ
QHWZRUN+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF&$ZDVXWLOL]HGDVWKH&HUWLILFDWH
$XWKRULW\LQWKHV\VWHPDQGDVLQJOHQRGH+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF
2UGHUHU DV WKH 2UGHULQJ 6HUYLFH 7ZR RUJDQL]DWLRQV ZHUH
VLPXODWHG ZLWK +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF 3HHU ZLWK WZR QRGHV SHU
RUJDQL]DWLRQ 6SULQJ%RRW ZDV XVHG WR EXLOG WKH V\VWHP )LJ 6\VWHP'DWD)ORZ'LDJUDP


 Proceedings of 2018 1st IEEE International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking (HotICN 2018)

B. Data Structure C. System Deployment

7KHGDWDVWUXFWXUHRIRXUSURWRW\SHV\VWHPLVVKRZQLQ)LJ 7KHEDVLFHQYLURQPHQWRIRXUSURWRW\SHV\VWHPLVGHSOR\HG
 DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH UROHV RI XVHUV ZH KDYH GLYLGHG DQG WKH RQ+\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF Y DV LV VKRZQ LQ)LJ  $V WKHUH LV
IXQFWLRQVZHKDYHGHVLJQHG QRW\HWVWDEOHUHOHDVHIRU+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULFYRXUV\VWHP
XVHV'RFNHUFRQWDLQHUIRU+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULFYEORFNFKDLQ
x 7KH DIILOLDWLRQ LQ 8VHU LQGLFDWHV WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ QDPH QHWZRUN GHSOR\PHQW 7KH V\VWHP VLPXODWHV WZR NLQGV RI
RIWKHXVHUDQGPVSLGPHDQVPHPEHUVHUYLFHSURYLGHU RUJDQL]DWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ VFKRRO RUJDQL]DWLRQV DQG RWKHU
,' RUJDQL]DWLRQV (DFK RUJDQL]DWLRQ KDV WZR +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF
x (QUROOPHQW FRQWDLQV WKH FHUWLILFDWH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW WKH 3HHUQRGHV,QWRWDOIRXU3HHUQRGHVIRUPDEORFNFKDLQQHWZRUN
XVHU DFTXLUHV IURP WKH +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF &$ 6HUYHU 7KH QHWZRUN DOVR FRQWDLQV D VLQJOHQRGH +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF
IRUVXEVHTXHQWDXWKHQWLFDWLRQRIWKH+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF 2UGHUHU DV WKH 2UGHULQJ 6HUYLFH SURYLGHU RI WKH V\VWHP
QHWZRUN $GGLWLRQDOO\ WKHUH LV D +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF &$ 6HUYHU
SURYLGLQJWKH0HPEHUVKLS6HUYLFHRIWKHVFKRRORUJDQL]DWLRQ
x ,QWHUQ,QIR UHSUHVHQWV WKH LQWHUQVKLS H[SHULHQFH RI WKH
XVHU x +\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF&$

x 7KH HGXFDWLRQ4XDOLILFDWLRQV LQ 6WXGHQW,QIR LQGLFDWHV 7KH V\VWHP GHSOR\V WKH +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF &$ LQ D
SUHYLRXVHGXFDWLRQH[SHULHQFH VLQJOHQRGH7KHHQWLUHGHIDXOWVFKRRORUJDQL]DWLRQXVHV
WKH VDPH &$ 6HUYHU 7KH GHSOR\HG YHUVLRQ LV
x 5HFUXLWPHQW,QIR UHSUHVHQWV FRPSDQ\ UHFUXLWPHQW +\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF&$[BDOSKD
LQIRUPDWLRQ +HDG&QW UHSUHVHQWV WKH H[SHFWHG VWDIILQJ
GHPDQG DQG FRQWDFW LV WKH FRQWDFW SHUVRQ RI WKH x +\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF2UGHUHU
FRPSDQ\ 2XUV\VWHPGHSOR\V+\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF2UGHUHULQ6ROR
x %ORFN,QIR UHSUHVHQWV WKH EORFN PHWD GDWD LQ WKH 0RGH7KHHQWLUHGHSOR\PHQWRIWKHEORFNFKDLQQHWZRUN
EORFNFKDLQ1XPEHULVWKHEORFNQXPEHUSUHYLRXV+DVK XVHVWKHVDPH2UGHUHUFRQVHQVXVVHUYLFH7KHGHSOR\HG
LV WKH KDVK YDOXH RI WKH SUHYLRXV EORFN DQG GDWD YHUVLRQ LV +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF 2UGHUHU [B
FRQWDLQVWKHQRQGHFRGHGEORFNPHWDGDWDVWRUHGE\WKH DOSKD
EORFN x +\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF3HHU
2XU V\VWHP VLPXODWHV WKH GHSOR\PHQW RI WZR
RUJDQL]DWLRQV HDFK RUJDQL]DWLRQ KDV WZR 3HHU QRGHV
7KH GHSOR\HG YHUVLRQ LV +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF 3HHU
[BDOSKD

)LJ 3URWRW\SH6\VWHP'HSOR\PHQW'LDJUDP

)LJ 3URWRW\SH6\VWHP'DWD6WUXFWXUH'HVLJQ


 Proceedings of 2018 1st IEEE International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking (HotICN 2018)

9 &21&/86,21 x 7KHDXWKRULW\DXWKHQWLFDWLRQPRGXOHRIWKHV\VWHPFDQ
7KH SDSHU DGGUHVVHV WKH FXUUHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ DV\PPHWU\ EH IXUWKHU GHVLJQHG ZLWK PRUH ILQHJUDLQHG DXWKRULW\
EHWZHHQ XQLYHUVLWLHV DQG HPSOR\HU HQWHUSULVHV DQ LQFRPSOHWH GLYLVLRQ
VWXGHQW FUHGLW V\VWHP DQG WKDW WKH KLVWRULFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ GDWD x 3HUIRUPDQFH SUREOHP LV D FRPPRQ OLPLWDWLRQ RI
FKDLQLVXQHVWDEOLVKHG:LWKWKHKHOSRIEORFNFKDLQWHFKQRORJ\ EORFNFKDLQV\VWHPVVRWKHIXWXUHZRUNFDQEHIRFXVHG
GDWDWUDQVSDUHQF\DXWKHQWLFLW\DQGYDOLGLW\FDQEHJXDUDQWHHG RQLPSURYLQJWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHV\VWHPEDVHGRQ
6HDPOHVVFRQYHUJHQFHLVDFKLHYHGDPRQJVWXGHQWVHGXFDWLRQDO +\SHUOHGJHU)DEULF
LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG HPSOR\HU HQWHUSULVHV ZKLFK LPSURYHV WKH
HIILFLHQF\ DQG WUDQVSDUHQF\ RI HGXFDWLRQ DQG HPSOR\PHQW
DJHQFLHV :LWK WKH KHOS RI +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF ZH KDYH
GHVLJQHG DQG LPSOHPHQWHG DQ (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ FRRSHUDWLYH 5()(5(1&(6
SURWRW\SH V\VWHP 7KH V\VWHP SURSRVHV D QHZ ZD\ IRU
XQLYHUVLWLHVDQGHQWHUSULVHVWRVKDUHLQIRUPDWLRQWUDQVSDUHQWO\ >@ & $ +HQOH % 5 'LQHHQ DQG 0 . 'XII\ ³$VVHVVLQJ LQWHQWLRQDO
ZKLFKDFKLHYHVLQIRUPDWLRQV\PPHWU\DPRQJVWXGHQWVNLOODQG UHVXPH GHFHSWLRQ GHYHORSPHQW DQG QRPRORJLFDO QHWZRUN RI D UHVXPH
IUDXG PHDVXUH´ -RXUQDO RI %XVLQHVV DQG 3V\FKRORJ\ YRO  SS 
NQRZOHGJHLQIRUPDWLRQGHPDQGVRIHQWHUSULVHUHFUXLWPHQWDQG 'HF
FXUUHQW PDUNHW WUHQGV (QWHUSULVHV FDQ SUHFLVHO\ DUUDQJH WKHLU >@ 61DNDPRWR³%LWFRLQ$SHHUWRSHHUHOHFWURQLFFDVKV\VWHP´
RIIHUV DQG JUDGXDWH VWXGHQWV FDQ ZLVHO\ FKRRVH DYDLODEOH
>@ 0&URVE\1DFKLDSSDQ33DWWDQD\DN69HUPDDQG9.DO\DQDUDPDQ
RSSRUWXQLWLHV 7KLV RIIHUV D VLJQLILFDQW DWWHPSW RQ WKH ³%ORFN&KDLQ7HFKQRORJ\%H\RQG%LWFRLQ´$SSOLHG,QQRYDWLRQYRO
DSSOLFDWLRQ RI EORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ WR (GXFDWLRQ,QGXVWU\ SS-XQH
FRRSHUDWLRQDVDSLORWGHYHORSPHQWIRUWHFKQRORJ\GHSOR\PHQW >@ $.RVED$0LOOHU(6KL=:HQDQG&3DSDPDQWKRX³+DZN7KH
EORFNFKDLQ PRGHO RI FU\SWRJUDSK\ DQG SULYDF\SUHVHUYLQJ VPDUW
FRQWUDFWV´ 6HFXULW\ DQG 3ULYDF\ 63  ,((( 6\PSRVLXP RQ SS
9, )8785(:25. 0D\
2XUIXWXUHZRUNZLOOEHIRFXVHGRQWKHIROORZLQJDVSHFWV >@ & &DFKLQ ³$UFKLWHFWXUH RI WKH +\SHUOHGJHU EORFNFKDLQ IDEULF´
:RUNVKRS RQ 'LVWULEXWHG &U\SWRFXUUHQFLHV DQG &RQVHQVXV /HGJHUV
x 7KH FXUUHQW +\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF &$ 6HUYHU DQG 
+\SHUOHGJHU )DEULF 2UGHUHU DUH GHSOR\HG LQ VLQJOH >@ ' <HUPDFN &RUSRUDWH JRYHUQDQFH DQG EORFNFKDLQV 5HYLHZ RI
QRGHZKLFKLVQRWUREXVWHQRXJK&OXVWHUGHSOR\PHQW )LQDQFHYROSS0DUFK
FDQ EH DGRSWHG LQ WKH IXWXUH WR DFKLHYH VHUYHU ORDG >@ 0 3LONLQJWRQ ³%ORFNFKDLQ WHFKQRORJ\ SULQFLSOHV DQG DSSOLFDWLRQV´
EDODQFLQJ 6\VWHP EDFNXS DQG UHVWRUH ZLOO DOVR EH 5HVHDUFKKDQGERRNRQGLJLWDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQVSS
WDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW >@ * =\VNLQG 2 1DWKDQ 'HFHQWUDOL]LQJ SULYDF\ 8VLQJ EORFNFKDLQ WR
SURWHFW SHUVRQDO GDWD 6HFXULW\ DQG 3ULYDF\ :RUNVKRSV 63: 
x 7KH V\VWHP QHHGV PRUH $3,V IRU GDWD LPSRUWLQJ DQG ,(((SS0D\
IRUH[WHUQDODFFHVV