The Impact of Part

Time Job to the

Academic Performance
of Grade 12 Gas
Students.

Group Members:
Baja, Myzieline
Dumaloan, John Richard P.
Dumaloan, John Michael P.
Isidto, Kyenechi Angell A.
Idul, Jenelyn V.
Gurro, Sandara Jean M.
Pinkian, Rica Mae E.
Quidet, Ivan Miguel V.
 Chapter 1

Introduction
Teenagers this day has the eagerness to pursue and finish their school even if students
and their parents are suffering from financial stability. Students want to pursue their
college degree and by college courses come up to college tuitions. College tuition isa
matter that is on every college student’s mind. With the increasing cost that is attached
to higher education, having a part-time job while studying is the only solution to solve all
the expenses in pursuing college. Students, especially college one are eager
to start working and become more independent. Pursuing a college course
might be costly considering if you want to have a high standard education. With all the
expenses that college students are paying for school, you might think they would get a
tremendous education and be able to find a job after college. But in today’s reality,
students were exposed to many risky outcomes. That is why college students are
admirable for being diligent and industrious.

Most students tend to be a working student just to help their parents when it comes to
financial problem. This kind of scenario has been a risk for every student that is working
at the same time, but there are many kinds of benefits while taking a part-time job at the
same time pursuing your dreams.

According to Darlena Cunha (2018), there are several benefits of being a working
student, in terms of money, lessons on budgeting, in time management, and especially
for early working experience. It is widely recognized that many students are employed
part-time out of school hours, little is known about the consequences of such
employment shows that the major positive effect of this is that, the students will be
independent and they become mature as they are now self-learning in their lives but
somehow can be a negative effect because the students might not give a proper
concentration between apart-time job and academic performance.

According to Marie Anderson (2013), most of the college students are now
experiencing lack of time, suffering from stress and because of that their
academic performance is being affected of the all workloads that students are now
encountering. This proves that, time is very precious for all of the college students that
have a part-time job. College students must not waste their time to successfully hold
their job while they are in school. Students must know how to spend their time wisely
and also must be expert in time management skills and organization.

Time management, on the other hand, is the right use of the college students with their
time including doing the right things at the right time. This may help the students to have
a clearer view of what they have to work with in terms of setting up time to study and be
able to do their responsibilities with their families, work and also to their school that may
result with having an effective overall performance of the students and having an
academic achievement of the selected college students. The financial problem is the
common reason why students take a part-time job. Students are forced to look for a job
that will give them a good salary and also a good schedule so that students will be able
to do their responsibility in school. They want to make money by themselves. In line with
this, students who were balancing a full-time academic load along with a part-time job
were likely to suffer from stress. A part-time job can also affect students’ health because
of there are so much things that running in their mind. Some of them suffer from losing
weight because they tend to use their money for the school activities than buy food for
themselves.

As mentioned by Kleinschmidt (2013), the pressure in a limited time while studying can
lead to panic especially if there is a term paper that is needed to pass for tomorrow
particularly if a student is tired from work and he/she doesn’t have enough sleep after
having a long work will eventually lead to college students to freak out. This shows that,
students think that they should beat the deadline in line with their job and also with their
activities in school. The less sleep that a working student get, the more likely stress
heightens as they are trying to keep up for all the recruitments they need to finish with
having a jammed-packed schedule.

Better academic achievement only can be achieved by those students who spend more
time on academic-related on their daily activities outside the class such as reading
books, completing assignments, studying, and preparing their reports. On the other
hand, working during school may motivate youths to study harder to achieve a certain
career goal.

Intensively, this research aims to help the students understand the possible effects of
being a working with their academic performance. This research will help the college
students to be more knowledgeable about them, taking a part-time job and what are the
possible consequences of their decisions if this might harm their academic performance
or this will make them a better student and a person.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework:
The study is anchored by this theories it helps explain the empirical findings in the
literature, which we discuss studies that examine this relationship are primarily
interested in whether working while studying is a complement to or a substitute for
education, and hence whether it improves or worsens educational attainment.

On the one hand, according to Human Capital Theory (Becker, 1964), student
employment can be a complement to education due to the additional skills and
knowledge obtained while working. There are several reasons why student work may
lead to such an increase in human capital. First, student employment enables the
acquisition of new general and transferable skills such as work values, communication
skills, and a sense of time management (Buscha, Maurel, Page, & Speckesser, 2012;
Rothstein, 2007; Staff & Mortimer, 2007). Second, combining study and work may offer
students the opportunity to apply in practice what they have learned in school (Geel &
Backes-Gellner, 2012; Hotz et al., 2002). Third, student employment may increase
future-orientedness and thereby motivate students to work harder in school in order to
achieve a certain career goal (Oettinger, 1999; Rothstein, 2007).

On the other hand, building on the Theory of the Allocation of Time (Becker, 1965), the
Zero-Sum Theory suggests that student employment and education are substitutes. It is
argued that student employment strongly constrains students’ use of time: time spent
working crowds out time spent on activities that enhance academic performance (e.g.
studying, doing homework, and attending classes; Bozick, 2007; Kalenkoski &
Pabilonia, 2009; 2012). As the reduced time spent on the latter activities subsequently
worsens academic performance (Aramaean, Naylor, & Smith, 2012; Stinebrickner &
Stinebrickner, 2004; 2008), student employmentmay have a detrimental effect on
educational attainment. However, spending one hour more on student work does not
necessarily translate into spending one hour less on study activities(Triventi, 2014). In
other words, student workers may cut back on leisure time without reducing the time
they dedicate to school-related activities (much). Indeed, Kalenkoski and Pabilonia
(2009; 2012), Schoenhals, Tienda, and Schneider (1998), and Warren (2002) find that
time spent working does not reduce the time spent on school-related activities in a one-
to-one relationship. Working students also scale down the time spent on non-school-
related activities (e.g. time spent with family or friends and time spent watching
television or in front of a computer). In this case, the Zero-Sum Theory is not (or is less)
valid. Another theory that supports a negative association between student work and
educational success is the Primary Orientation Theory (Baert, Marx, Neyt, Van Belle, &
Van Casteren, in press; Bozick, 2007; Warren, 2002), often cited in the field of
sociology. This theory suggests that the worse academic perform

students is related to their primary orientation being toward work rather than toward
school. In other words, it reflects a disengagement from school that existed before the
decision to work was made, rather than a negative effect due to student employment
itself. Therefore, instead of providing an explanation for a causal, negative effect of
student work, this theory reveals a potential selection problem that one wants to control
for in empirical analyses. Indeed, Bozick (2007), Staff and Mortimer (2007), and Triventi
(2014) hypothesise that when pre-existing differences between working and non-
working students, such as their primary orientation, are properly controlled for, the
difference in academic performance between these two groups disappears. We
elaborate more generally on this selection problem in the next section.Where we
discuss the empirical findings in the literature, we distinguish between studies focussing
on the effect of student work during secondary education and those focussing on the
effect of student work during tertiary education. Based on the aforementioned theories,
there are several reasons why student employment is expected to be less of a
substitute for education for students in tertiary education. First, as students in tertiary
education have more flexibility in their schedules, the assumption that working crowds
out time spent on activities that foster academic performance—the Zero-Sum Theory—
may be less valid for them. Indeed, their classes are usually not compulsory and they
often have flexibility in planning their academic workload by choosing between different
courses (Triventi, 2014). Second, a selection effect with respect to students’ primary
orientation may be less of an issue for students in tertiary education, since only more
school-oriented students will choose to commence this form of non-compulsory
education. More work-oriented students will not enter this type of education, but rather
pursue labour market opportunities (Bozick, 2007). Third, most students in tertiary
education have already combined study and work in secondary education, so they
should be more adept at mixing these two activities (Bozick, 2007; Staff & Mortimer,
2007).

The impact of part-time work on academic performance in every students. It also agreed
that students acquire experience and work skills from the job, but he believed that
spending too much time on the job distracts students from their studies that can cause
poor academic achievement in school. If the students can manage the time between
work and study, the impact of part-time work on academic performance would be either
positive or negative. This is because there are students who work part time and perform
better in the study and score better in the academic performance than other students
who do not work part-time. The students work part-time because they think their parents
feel burdened with the costs of university tuition fees that are higher than they expected.
There's a lot of different impact in our academic performance and it's up to us how we
handle those situations and how we manage our time. Our attitude, behaviour and
compassion will lead us on a successful year, we just have to focus on this learning
process as long as well learn, the knowledge we gain will be our best assets that we
hold on forever.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Respondent’s Profile The impact of part time job to the academic
performance of Grade 12 students of our
Lady of Lourdes Academy of Claveria.
 Age
 Sex
 Academic Performance
 Parent’s Occupation
State of Economic
the Problem:  Learning Progress
status
 Attitude towards other
 In this study the researcher would like to find out the impact of our part job to the
academic performance of grade 12 students. Specifically, it will seeks answer to the
following questions.

1. What is the demographic profile of respondents in terms of

1.1. Age
1.2. Sex
1.3. Parents Occupational
1.4. Economic Status
2. What are the impact of part time job to the academic performance of grade 12
students in terms of
1.1. Academic Performance
1.2. Learning Progress
1.3. Attitude Towards Others
3. Is there a significance relationship between the demographic profile of respondents
and the impact of part job to the academic performance of grade 12 students?

Hypothesis:

There is a significant relationship between the demographic profile and the academic
performance of grade 12 students.

There is no significant relationship in the impact of part time job to the academic
performance of students in grade 12 students.

Scope and Delimitation:

This study focused on the G12 student's part-time job and their academic performance.
This study covers the 15 selected G12 students of the Senior High School Department
in Our Lady of Lourdes Academy of Claveria. The participants of the study are the
Senior High School students who are currently living in Claveria Misamis Oriental. This
research starts from March and ends in the month of May 2023.

Significance of the Study:

This study focused to the significant effects of studying while taking part-time job which
may affects the academic performance of the grade 12 students. The results of this
study are the beneficial to the following:

Grade 12 Students. The students will be aware about the possible outcomes of taking a
part-time job if this job will give a good feedback for them or not. Also to this study will
help them to be more aware that, there are positive and negative outcomes in terms of
being a working student. With this study, they will be able to determine on what are the
things that they should consider first and what are the possible outcomes that students
might suffer after having a part-time job.

Teachers. This study will aid the teachers to help the students in terms of academic
approaches. Teachers will see the struggle which working students experience by this,
teachers will consider the situation of every working student, especially they are coping
with their requirements from time to time.

Owners. This study may also help the owners to be aware of their crews/clerks/staffs/ or
etc. on what are the happening that their employee might suffer while having their job
with their store/company. This may also help them to give their student-employees a
good schedule so that they will be able to perform good with their designated job and
also with their academic performance.

Parents. This study may help the parents to be more aware of their children. To make
them understand their daughter/son situation so that parents can help the working
students to cope up with their unfinished business in school and also with students'
current job.

Definition of terms:
Part-time Job- is a flexible work arrangement which means working less than full-time
hours.

Employment- means the state of having a paid job of being employed. This term
applies to an individual who is hired for a salary or compensation to initiate work or
tasks for an organization.

Academic Performance- what the learner acquires such as skills, knowledge and
different sciences as a result of a variety of learning processes that indicate his
cognitive mental activity and is measured by the degree he achieves in a standardized
exam when he is asked to do so.

Learning Progress- a description of increasing levels of difficulty and complexity in

acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes within domain.

GPA- a grade point average is a number representing the average value of the
accumulated final grades earned in courses over time.