GOUTAM CEP Microcnotroller

COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM
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Microcontroller and embedded system
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM
Design a traffic light signal

SUBMITTED TO: Mam Memona Memon
SUBMITTED BY: GOUTAM KUMAR (20MTE037)
S.NO TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 OBJECTIVE
2 INTRODUCTION
3 COMPONENTS REQUIREMENT
 COMPONENTS LIST
 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
4 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 SOFTWARE USED
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 CODE
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
5 CONCLUSION
 APPLICATIONS
6 REFERENCES
OBJECTIVE
Design a traffic light signal containing Interfacing and operation of
seven segment display (down counter) starting from 15 seconds to
allow and forbid the flow of traffic through an 8051 microcontroller.
INTRODUCTION
Traffic lights are essential components of any modern transportation
system, enabling the safe and efficient flow of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic. A traffic signal typically uses a combination of
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light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to signal drivers and pedestrians when

to proceed or stop.
To design a traffic light signal, one needs to consider the interfacing
and operation of a seven-segment display with a down counter. A
down counter is used to count down the time from 15 seconds to
allow and forbid the flow of traffic through the intersection. An 8051
microcontroller is used to control the operation of the traffic light
signal.
The seven-segment display is a common type of electronic display

that uses seven LEDs to display numbers, letters, and other
characters. The down counter is programmed to decrement the time
by 1 second until it reaches 0, and then it resets to 15 seconds. The
seven-segment display is updated with the current time at each step
of the countdown.
The traffic light signal consists of three lights, namely red, yellow,
and green. Each light is connected to a relay, which is controlled by
the microcontroller. The red light is turned on when the countdown
reaches 0, indicating that traffic should stop. The yellow light is
turned on for a few seconds, indicating that traffic should prepare to
stop. Finally, the green light is turned on, indicating that traffic can
proceed.
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Overall, the design of a traffic light signal using a down counter and
seven-segment display involves the integration of several
components, including an 8051 microcontroller, relays, and LEDs.
Proper interfacing and operation of these components are critical to
ensure the safe and efficient flow of traffic through an intersection.
COMPONENTS REQUIREMENT
 8051 microcontroller
 Seven segment display
 LEDs
 9v battery
 Ground wire
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COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
1) 8051 microcontroller:
An 8051 microcontroller is used to control the operation of the traffic

light signal.
2) Seven segment display:
The seven-segment display is a common type of electronic display that

uses seven LEDs to display numbers, letters, and other characters. The
down counter is programmed to decrement the time by 1 second until it
reaches 0, and then it resets to 15 seconds. The seven-segment display is
updated with the current time at each step of the countdown.
3) LEDs:
Red led:
The red light is turned on when the countdown reaches 0, indicating that
traffic should stop.
Yellow led:
The yellow light is turned on for a few seconds, indicating that traffic
should prepare to stop.
Green led:
The green light is turned on, indicating that traffic can proceed.
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4) 9v battery:
A 9V battery is used as a single power source.
5) Ground wire:
When running a ground wire, it should be connected to the designated

place on the device, and then run to a safe location where the energy can
be dispersed.
Working principle:
The working principle of the traffic light signal involves the use of a
down counter to count down the time for each signal, a seven-
segment display to display the countdown time, and an 8051
microcontroller to interface with both the down counter and the
seven-segment display. The microcontroller receives input from the
down counter and changes the signal by switching on/off the
appropriate lights at the appropriate times.
Software used:
 Proteus:
The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used

primarily for electronic design automation. The software is used mainly
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by electronic design engineers and technicians to create schematics and

electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards.
 AVR:
AVR studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) developed

by ATMEL for developing different embedded applications based on 8-
bit AVR microcontroller.
CODE:
#include <reg51.h> // Include header file for 8051 microcontroller

sbit red_signal = P1^0; // Define red signal pin as P1.0
sbit yellow_signal = P1^1; // Define yellow signal pin as P1.1
sbit green_signal = P1^2; // Define green signal pin as P1.2
void delay(unsigned int); // Declare delay function
void main() {
while(1) { // Loop indefinitely
// Green light on for 15 seconds
green_signal = 1; // Turn on green signal
delay(15000); // Delay for 15 seconds
green_signal = 0; // Turn off green signal
// Yellow light on for 3 seconds
yellow_signal = 1; // Turn on yellow signal
yellow_signal = 0; // Turn off yellow signal
// Red light on for 12 seconds
red_signal = 1; // Turn on red signal
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red_signal = 0; // Turn off red signal
}
}
// Function to create a delay
void delay(unsigned int count) {
unsigned int i, j;
for(i=0; i<count; i++)
for(j=0; j<100; j++);
}
Circuit diagram:
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CONCLUSION
Applications:
Intersection control:
Traffic lights are used at intersections to control the flow of traffic, allowing
vehicles to pass through the intersection safely and efficiently. The signals
indicate when it is safe for vehicles to proceed, and when they should stop.
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Pedestrian safety: Traffic lights are also used to provide safe crossings for
pedestrians. They help to regulate pedestrian traffic, allowing them to cross
busy roads without endangering their lives.
Emergency vehicle management:
Traffic lights are used to control the flow of emergency vehicles, such as
ambulances, fire trucks, and police cars, through intersections. They ensure
that emergency vehicles can reach their destination quickly and safely.
Transit priority:
Traffic lights can be programmed to give priority to buses or other forms of
public transportation, ensuring that they can travel quickly and efficiently
through busy areas.
References:
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/blog/7-segment-display-tutorial.html
https://chat.openai.com/chat/0cbfbcb5-63a5-4c9d-8548-d74a4c2a33b8
https://www.circuitstoday.com/interfacing-seven-segment-display-to-8051
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COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

Design a traffic light signal

SUBMITTED BY: GOUTAM KUMAR (20MTE037)

S.NO TABLE OF CONTENTS

light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to signal drivers and pedestrians when

The seven-segment display is a common type of electronic display

 Seven segment display

An 8051 microcontroller is used to control the operation of the traffic

2) Seven segment display:

The seven-segment display is a common type of electronic display that

A 9V battery is used as a single power source.

When running a ground wire, it should be connected to the designated

The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used

by electronic design engineers and technicians to create schematics and

AVR studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) developed

#include <reg51.h> // Include header file for 8051 microcontroller

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