Gyaan-e-Nafsiat Presents Counselling and Psychotherapy Course

Gyaan-e- Nafsiat Presents
Counselling And Psychotherapy

Course
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: AROOJ FATIMA
Course Content
 Introduction of Counselling
 Different Techniques of Counselling
 Introduction of Psychotherapy
 Various Psychological Therapies
Psychodynamic
Behavior Therapy
Person centered Therapy
Family Therapy
Existential Therapy
CBT
REBT
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapeutic

treatment that helps people learn how to identify and change
destructive or disturbing thought patterns that have a negative
influence on behavior and emotions.
 Two of the earliest forms of Cognitive behavioral Therapy were
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ( REBT ), developed by Albert
Ellis in the 1950s, and Cognitive Therapy, developed by Aaron T.
Beck in the 1960s.
 Beck found that depressed patients experienced streams of negative
thoughts that seemed to arise spontaneously. He called these cognitions
“automatic thoughts.” He found that the patients’ automatic thoughts fell
into three categories. The patients had negative ideas about themselves, the
world and/or the future. Dr. Beck began helping patients identify and
evaluate these automatic thoughts. He found that by doing so, patients were
able to think more realistically. As a result, they felt better emotionally and
were able to behave more functionally. When patients changed their
underlying beliefs about themselves, their world and other people, therapy
resulted in long-lasting change. Dr. Beck called this approach “cognitive
therapy.” It has also become known as “cognitive behavior therapy.”
 Beck called it cognitive therapy because of the importance it
places on thinking. It’s now known as cognitive-behavioral therapy
(CBT) because the therapy employs behavioral techniques as well.
Basic Assumptions of CBT
 According to CBT, the way people feel is linked to the way they think about
a situation and not simply to the nature of the situation itself.
 Cognitive therapy perceives psychological problems as stemming from
common place processes such as faulty thinking, making incorrect
inferences on the basis of inadequate or incorrect information and failing to
distinguish between fantasy and reality.
 Behavior: What we do affects how we feel and think. The individual, who
deals with an upcoming exam by putting off his studies until the last minute,
is likely to experience more distress on the day of the exam than an
individual who has studied well in advance. CBT helps people to learn new
behaviors and new ways of coping with events, often involving the learning
of particular skills.
How CBT can help The Client:
 CBT has been applied to a broad range of psychological issues. Its use became
more widespread in the 1990s and is now promoted by the NHS. As its popularity
grows, the number of clinical trials into CBT is increasing and the evidence base is
strengthening.
 CBT has been shown as an effective way of treating a number of different mental
health conditions and for treating a range of conditions.
In addition to depression or anxiety disorders, CBT can also help
people with:
 obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
 panic disorder
 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
 phobias
 eating disorders – such as anorexia and bulimia
 sleep problems – such as insomnia
 problems related to alcohol misuse
CBT is also sometimes used to treat people with long-term health
conditions, such as:
 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Although CBT can't cure the physical symptoms of these conditions, it

can help people cope better with their symptoms.
Common Thinking Errors
In Summary / Key Takeaways
 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was primarily developed by Aaron Beck in

the 1960’s
 CBT is an evidence based therapy that explores how a person’s thoughts
& feelings
 about a situation influence their reactions and behaviors
 CBT highlights for individuals their problematic thinking patterns and
ways to
 challenge them
 CBT has been shown to be effective on various diagnoses and conditions

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Gyaan-e- Nafsiat Presents

Counselling And Psychotherapy

 Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapeutic

Although CBT can't cure the physical symptoms of these conditions, it

 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was primarily developed by Aaron Beck in

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