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    Bioethical Issues: PHM 31303: Public Health Pharmacy

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    hariz zulkifli
    Clinical problems addressed include identifying adverse events, while methodological problems include obtaining consent from unavailable patients. Currently, solutions involve informed consent using plain language, de-identifying data to protect privacy, and disclosing conflicts of interest. The future includes establishing ethics for big data/AI, personalized medicine, and ensuring global health equity and access to treatment.

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    Bioethical Issues: PHM 31303: Public Health Pharmacy

    Uploaded by

    hariz zulkifli
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    Clinical problems addressed include identifying adverse events, while methodological problems include obtaining consent from unavailable patients. Currently, solutions involve informed consent using plain language, de-identifying data to protect privacy, and disclosing conflicts of interest. The future includes establishing ethics for big data/AI, personalized medicine, and ensuring global health equity and access to treatment.

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    Clinical problems addressed include identifying adverse events, while methodological problems include obtaining consent from unavailable patients. Currently, solutions involve informed consent using plain language, de-identifying data to protect privacy, and disclosing conflicts of interest. The future includes establishing ethics for big data/AI, personalized medicine, and ensuring global health equity and access to treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views3 pages

    Bioethical Issues: PHM 31303: Public Health Pharmacy

    Uploaded by

    hariz zulkifli
    Clinical problems addressed include identifying adverse events, while methodological problems include obtaining consent from unavailable patients. Currently, solutions involve informed consent using plain language, de-identifying data to protect privacy, and disclosing conflicts of interest. The future includes establishing ethics for big data/AI, personalized medicine, and ensuring global health equity and access to treatment.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PHM 31303: PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACY

    BIOETHICAL ISSUES
    Introduction
    Pharmacoepidemiologic research is the study of the effects of drugs in large
    populations, particularly in terms of their safety and effectiveness. This field of
    research is important in identifying and understanding the risks and benefits of
    medications, as well as in developing policies and regulations related to their
    use. In this discussion, we will focus on the clinical and methodological
    problems addressed by pharmacoepidemiologic research, as well as the
    currently available solutions and the future of this field.

    Clinical Problems to be Addressed by


    Pharmacoepidemiologic Research
    The birth and subsequent development of research and scholarship in
    research ethics, constructed a language that is particularly its own
    This language form the foundation of any communication and discourse
    between the fields of ethics and epidemiology.

    Prepared by:
    Luqman & Hariz
    PHM 31303: PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACY

    BIOETHICAL ISSUES

    Methodologic Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic


    Research
    Universal consent as a approval his or her medical record can used for research.
    Validity is a precondition for all ethical research and research should not be
    conducted if it cannot answer the hypothesis it claims to test
    Selective consent by patient may prohibits the evaluations of a key medication-
    adverse events if the shielded information is in the pathways between medication
    exposure and outcomes of interest
    Patient unavailable to provide consent

    Currently Available Solutions


    Informed consent: Use plain languaage explanations, provide visual aids and use
    interactive multimedia. For example, a systematic review by Grady et al. (2017) found
    that multimedia tools can improve the quality of informed consent in clinical trials.
    Privacy and confidentiality: solve by de-identifying data, using secure data storage
    and limiting data access to autorized personnel. For example, a study by Molinari et
    al. (2018) found that a combination of technical and organizational measures can
    effectively protect the privacy and confidentiality of health data.
    Conflict of interest: solve by disclosing financial or other potential conflicts, using
    independent oversight committees, and conducting research with funding from
    neutral sources.
    Prepared by:
    Luqman & Hariz
    PHM 31303: PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACY

    BIOETHICAL ISSUES
    The Future
    Big data and artificial intelligence (AI): establishing ethical guidelines for data sharing
    and algorithm development, incorporating diverse perspectives into AI development,
    and ensuring transparency and accountability in AI decision-making. (Kaplan and
    Beeler, 2019; Char and Shah, 2020)
    Precision medicine and personalized treatment: developing ethical guidelines for the
    use of biomarker data in treatment decision-making, ensuring equitable access to
    personalized treatments, and involving patients in the development of personalized
    treatment plans. (Bunnik et al., 2016; Kalf et al., 2018)
    Global health and access to medicines: promoting global health equity, developing
    partnerships with local healthcare providers and researchers, and conducting research
    that is relevant and responsive to the needs of local communities. (Parker and
    Thabane, 2015; Rodriguez et al., 2021)

    Reference:
    Strom, B.L., Kimmel, S.E. and Hennessy, S. (2020) Pharmacoepidemiology.
    Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

    Prepared by: Course coordinator:


    Luqman & Hariz Madam Nor Liana binti Che Yaacob

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