Lesson 3: First Aid For Common Unintentional Injuries

LESSON 3
First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries

A. Musculoskeletal Injuries
1. Sprains and Strains
Both sprains and strains are common
injuries that share common signs and
symptoms but involve different parts of
the body.
a. Sprain
■ Is stretching or tearing of
ligaments (tough bands
of fibrous tissue that
connect one bone to
another in the joints).
■ It is most commonly
located in the ankle.
b. Strain
■ Is the stretching or tearing
of muscle or tendon, a
fibrous cord of tissue that
connects muscles to
bones.
■ It often occurs at the lower
back and the hamstring
muscle at the back of the
thigh.
First Aid
R-est
■ is important
for soft tissue
injuries.
I-mmobilize
■ the injured
body part with
a sling or
splint.
C-old compress
■ should be applied
periodically for around
15-20 minutes at a
time. An interval of 20
minutes off-period
should be given before
another cold compress.
E-levate
■ the injury above
the heart to help
reduce the
localized swelling.
Do not elevate if it
causes pain to the
victim.
2. Fractures
A fracture is a
broken bone that
requires medical
attention.
First Aid for Fractures:
■ Immobilize the injured area. Never try to realign the
bone or push a bone that is sticking out back in.
■ Apply a splint to the area above and below the
fractures sites. Padding can help reduce discomfort.
■ While waiting for medical help, stop any bleeding by
applying pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage
or a clean cloth.
■ Apply an ice pack for 10-15 minutes every 1-2 hours.
B. Heat Emergencies
1. Recognize heat stroke
When someone shows the following signs of heat stroke, seek
immediate emergency attention:
❑ Seizure
❑ Disorientation
❑ Unconsciousness
❑ Body Temperature is above 39°c
❑ Rapid pulse rate
❑ Reduced sweating
❑ Warm, red, and dry skin
2. Lower Body Temperature
Quickly
While waiting for medical care to arrive, the following first-aid
attention should be given:
❑ Get the person into the shade, well-ventilated place, or air-

conditioned area.
❑ Spray the victim with cool water, or apply cold wet clothes or
ice packs to the armpits, neck, and groin.
❑ Do not give the victim anything to drink if the person is not
responsive or vomiting.
3. Treat Symptoms
❑ If the victim experiences seizure,
keep him or her safe from injury.
❑ If the victim vomits, turn the person
on his her side to keep the airway
open.
4. Follow up
❑ The health provider or doctor will
rehydrate the person and continue
cooling as needed.
C. Bleeding
❑ Apply direct pressure on the
injured area.
❑ Place a sterile dressing over the
injury and secure with tape or
tie just tight enough to control
the bleeding.
❑ Elevate the injured arm, leg, or
head above the level of the
heart to help control the
bleeding.
❑ Do not elevate or move an area
of the body with a fracture until
a splint is applied.
D. Poisoning
Poisoning happens when toxic
substances are introduced by one of four
routes:
Ingestion (eating)
Inhaling (breathing)
Absorption (through the skin or eyes) or
Injection (insect bite or string).
1. Swallowed Poison
❑If the victim is unconscious,
call for medical help. Call 911
❑If the victim is conscious, call
the Poison Control Center for
Instructions.
❑Lay the person on his or her
left side to keep the windpipe
clear, especially if the person
vomited. Keep a sample of the
vomit in a poison container.
2. Inhaled Poison
❑ Protect yourself. Move
the person outdoors if you
can for fresh air. Try not to
breathe the fumes
yourself.
❑ Follow steps 1 and 2 for
swallowed poison.
3. Chemical Poison on Skin
❑ Flood the skin with water
for 5 or more minutes.
❑ Remove clothing that
was in contact with the
person.
❑ Gently wash the skin with
soap and water. Rinse
well. Ask for medical care.
E. Choking
If choking is occurring, perform
abdominal thrusts (Heimlich Maneuver)
on the victim.
Heimlich Maneuver- is an emergency

technique to prevent suffocation when a
person’s airway or windpipe is blocked by
a piece of food or other objects.
❑ Stand behind the person. Wrap your arms around
his or her waist. Tip him or her forward slightly.
❑Make a fist with one hand. Position it slightly above
the person’s navel.
❑Grasp the fist with other hand. Hardly press into
the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust (as if
trying to lift the person up).
❑Perform five (5) abdominal thrusts, if needed. If
the blockage still is not dislodged, repeat the
procedure.
You can perform the Heimlich Maneuver on
yourself:
❑ Make a fist and place the thumb below

your rib cage and above the navel.
❑ Grasp your fist with your other hand.
Press it into the area with a quick
upward movement.
❑ You can also lean over a table, chair, or
railing, Quickly thrust your upper belly
area against the edge. If needed to,
repeat this motion until the object
blocking the airway comes out.
Henry Judah Heimlich
Feb. 3, 1920-Dec. 17, 2016
❑He is an American
thoracic surgeon
who invented the
Heimlich
Maneuver.

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LESSON 3

First Aid for Common Unintentional Injuries

❑ Get the person into the shade, well-ventilated place, or air-

Heimlich Maneuver- is an emergency

❑ Make a fist and place the thumb below

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