Tropical Design: Climate

17/7/2020
TROPICAL DESIGN
02
Basic Theories
ArcStudio
Center for Advanced Studies in Architecture
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
BUILDING CONFIGURATION,
CLIMATE
SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT
BUILDING ORIENTATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
– defined a region with certain
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
temperature, dryness, wind, light etc
– an integration in time of the

atmospheric environment of a
certain geographical location
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN • Temperature
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
• Humidity
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
• Precipitation
• Sky Conditions/ Solar Radiation
• Wind
• Special Elements
CLIMATIC FACTORS SUN is the source of:

• Solar radiation
• Natural light
WIND, its prevalence, direction, velocity and
wind effect.
• air filtration into a building (heat loss)
• ventilation of interior spaces
• lateral load on a structure
PRECIPITATION prevalence and amount of
precipitation effect:
• the roof form, its construction and
resulting load on structure
• the presence and drainage of water on
• site
• the choice of building materials
TEMPERATURE air temperature and
Thermal comfort are affected by all of the
above climatic factors.
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CLIMATE WORLD CLIMATES

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS GENERAL TYPES OF CLIMATE
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
1. Hot Humid (Tropical)
PASSIVE COOLING
2. Hot Arid
BUILDING CONFIGURATION, 3. Temperate
SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT 4. Cold
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
SOUTHEAST ASIA
TYPES OF CLIMATE
Tropical Climate
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
PHILIPPINES S IS
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
UNDER TROPICAL CLIMATE
PASSIVE COOLING
BUILDING CONFIGURATION, those regions where heat is the dominant problem,
BUILDING ORIENTATION where the annual mean temperature is not less than
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
20 degrees
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
TROPICAL DESIGN
This is concerned with countries where discomfort
due to heat and humidity are the dominant
problems. Tropical Design is applicable to Tropical,
Sub-Tropical and Equatorial Climates covering the
Southeast Asian Countries.
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
SOUTHEAST ASIA
TYPES OF CLIMATE Tropical Climate
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
39
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE COOLING
TYPES OF CLIMATE PROGROGMATIC REQUIREMENT IN DIFF. REGIONS
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS PROVIDE ACCEPTABLE THERMAL COMFORT
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
is the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with
PASSIVE COOLING the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective
SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT evaluation (ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55).
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION PSYCHROMETRIC
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM CHART
A chart relating the
wet-bulb and dry-bulb
readings from a
psychometer to relative
humidity, absolute
humidity and dew point
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE IN PHILIPPINES
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN Temperature – average mean temperature (dbt) 20 – 30 deg C
PASSIVE COOLING Small diurnal temperature change/range 2-5 deg C
SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT Humidity Levels - 50% - 100% Relative Humidity
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
Wind Conditions – Slow Wind Flow
SUNSHADING DEVICES Average of 2 m/s
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
Prevailing Wind in the Philippines :
Amihan (NE) – November to April
Habagat (SW) - May to October
Sky Conditions – Overcast Sky most of the time

a lot of reflected heat/ solar gain
Precipitation – high during the year – average of 1000mm/yr.
Others :
Climate conditions breed insects (flies, mosquitoes, termites)
Damp Ground Conditions
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE WIND AND NATURAL VENTILATION
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
BUILDING CONFIGURATION, Prevailing Wind in the Philippines
FAÇADE DESIGN Amihan (NE) – November to April
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
Habagat (SW) - May to October
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE PROBLEMS IN AREAS WITH
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN TROPICAL CLIMATES
PASSIVE COOLING
• HIGH TEMPERATURE LEVEL (HEAT)
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
• HIGH HUMIDITY LEVELS
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM • SLOW WIND VELOCITIES
• HIGH PRECIPITATION LEVELS DURING RAINY DAYS

HIGH INCIDENCE OF TYPHOONS
• ABUNDANCE OF INSECTS AND RODENTS
• DAMP GROUND CONDITIONS
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS Design Objectives in
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT Tropical Climates :
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT 1. Minimize Heat Gain
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
2. Maximize Ventilation (but protect from
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES typhoon wind)
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
3. Prevent unnecessary increase in humidity
levels
4. Have good drainage systems to

accommodate high precipitation during the
year
5. Protect spaces from insects and rodents
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CLIMATE PASSIVE COOLING

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
A cooling system using a building’s design and
TROPICAL DESIGN construction to maintain a comfortable temperature within
PASSIVE COOLING the building
Passive design is essentially low-energy design achieved
FAÇADE DESIGN by the building’s particular morphological organization
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
rather than electro-mechanical means.
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN Some passive cooling methods used in building design are:
PASSIVE COOLING
1. BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE LAYOUT and SITE
BUILDING ORIENTATION PLANNING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL 2. BUILDING ORIENTATION
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM 3. FACADE DESIGN
4. HEAT INSULATION
5. WIND AND NATURAL VENTILATION
6. BUILDING ENVELOPE COLOR
7. SUN SHADING
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE COOLING
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN 1. BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE LAYOUT and SITE
PASSIVE COOLING
BUILDING CONFIGURATION, PLANNING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES Example :
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
A building can be protected
from direct sunlight by placing
it on a location within the site
that utilizes existing features
such as trees, terrain etc.
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CLIMATE STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE COOLING

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
1. BUILDING CONFIGURATION, SITE LAYOUT and SITE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN PLANNING
PASSIVE COOLING
Trees shade a building most
BUILDING ORIENTATION effectively from the southeast and
FAÇADE DESIGN southwest when the morning and
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION late afternoon sun has low altitude.
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM South-facing overhangs provide
more efficient shading during the
midday period when the sun is
high and casts short shadows.
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
2. BUILDING ORIENTATION
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
Example :
In tropical countries such as the Philippines, it is
best to place service areas in the west and east
facing sides of the building because these sides are
exposed to direct sunlight.
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
2. BUILDING
Minimize Heat ORIENTATION
Gain
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE Minimize Lighting Heat Gain Thru Day Lighting
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
2. BUILDING ORIENTATION
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
Location of Spaces:
PASSIVE COOLING
Bedroom- North/Northeast Carport- West
FAÇADE DESIGN Kitchen- West Service Area- West
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION Living- with good view, north
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
78
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE COOLING
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING Minimize Gain and Thermal Mass
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
Page 33 of
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79
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE 3. FACADE DESIGN
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN • Use of Double-layered façade
PASSIVE COOLING • Use Low-emissivity glass (Low-E glass) or solar tint
SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT • Use of materials and heat insulation
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
80
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT 3. FACADE DESIGN
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
BUILDING CONFIGURATION, Use of Double-layered façade
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
81
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE 3. FACADE DESIGN
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN • Use of Double-layered façade
PASSIVE COOLING • Use Low-emissivity glass (Low-E glass) or solar tint
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
82
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CLIMATE
5. CROSS VENTILATION
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT 3 . FACADE DESIGN (BUILDING ENVELOPE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
MATERIALS)
Transparent Translucent
FAÇADE DESIGN Opaque
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
HEAT TRANSFER ON VARIOUS MATERIALS FINISHES
83
CLIMATE
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
84
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
3. FACADE DESIGN
BUILDING CONFIGURATION, Wide canopy
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
85
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING Use of less heat absorptive façade materials
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
86
43
17/7/2020
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING Use of less DOUBLE LAYARED FACADE
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
87
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT 4. HEAT INSULATION
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
SITE PLANNING and LAYOUT Reflective insulation
FAÇADE DESIGN A form of a material of
WIND and NATURAL high reflectivity and
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
low emissivity.
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
Aluminum insulation
Aluminum-bubble
insulation
88
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
89
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
90
45
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
91
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT 5. BUILDING ENVELOPE COLOR
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
HEAT TRANSFER ON VARIOUS SURFACE TYPES
92
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
6 . VENTILATION
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
93
CLIMATE STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE COOLING

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE 6 . VENTILATION
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
94
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT COOLING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
BUILDING CONFIGURATION, 6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
95
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE
TYPES OF CLIMATE COOLING
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
96
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
COOLING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING 6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
97
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
COOLING
PASSIVE COOLING
6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
98
49
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CLIMATE
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
99
CLIMATE
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
100
50
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
COOLING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
101
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
STRATEGIES FOR
THERMAL COMFORT PASSIVE COOLING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
102
51
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CLIMATE STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE COOLING
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN 6 . VENTILATION
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
103
CLIMATE
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING 6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
104
52
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CLIMATE
TYPES OF CLIMATE
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
6 . VENTILATION
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
105
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
STRATEGIES
PASSIVE COOLINGFOR PASSIVE COOLING
TYPES OF CLIMATE SUNSHADING DEVICES
THERMAL COMFORT
7 . SUN SHADING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
HORIZONTAL
BUILDING ORIENTATION TYPES
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION Horizontal Sun Shades
SUNSHADING DEVICES are generally used on
SUN PATH DIAGRAM the North-Facing and
South Facing Sides of a
building
106
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
STRATEGIES
THERMAL COMFORT
7 . SUN SHADING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
HORIZONTAL
BUILDING ORIENTATION TYPES
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION Horizontal Sun Shades are
SUNSHADING DEVICES generally used on the
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
North-Facing and South
Facing Sides of a building
107
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
7 . SUN SHADING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
VERTICAL TYPES
FAÇADE DESIGN
Vertical Sun Shades are
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION generally used on the
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
East-Facing and West-
Facing Sides of a
building
108
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
STRATEGIES
THERMAL COMFORT
7 . SUN SHADING
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
EGGCRATE
TYPES
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION Combination of
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM Horizontal and
Vertical Shades
109
CLIMATE SOLAR STUDIES

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
AZIMUTH = 289°
SOLAR ALTITUDE = 32°
110
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CLIMATE PASSIVE COOLING

CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES SOLAR PATH
SUN PATH DIAGRAM DIAGRAM
ALTITUDE
SUMMER SOLSTICE
EQUINOX
AZIMUTH
WINTER SOLSTICE
111
SUN PATH DIAGRAM

SOLAR PATH
DIAGRAM
ALTITUDE
SUMMER
SOLSTICE
EQUINOX
AZIMUTH
WINTER SOLSTICE
Sun exposure
South- exposed for 8 months
North –exposed for 4 months
112
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CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
113
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
114
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17/7/2020
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
115
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
116
58
17/7/2020
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
117
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
118
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17/7/2020
CLIMATE
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CLIMATE
THERMAL COMFORT
TROPICAL DESIGN
PASSIVE COOLING
FAÇADE DESIGN
WIND and NATURAL
VENTILATION
SUNSHADING DEVICES
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
119
END
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Tropical Design: Climate

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Tropical Design: Climate

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17/7/2020

– an integration in time of the

CLIMATIC FACTORS SUN is the source of:

CLIMATE WORLD CLIMATES

Sky Conditions – Overcast Sky most of the time

• HIGH PRECIPITATION LEVELS DURING RAINY DAYS

4. Have good drainage systems to

CLIMATE PASSIVE COOLING

6. BUILDING ENVELOPE COLOR

CLIMATE STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE COOLING

HEAT TRANSFER ON VARIOUS MATERIALS FINISHES

HEAT TRANSFER ON VARIOUS SURFACE TYPES

CLIMATE STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE COOLING

CLIMATE STRATEGIES FOR PASSIVE

CLIMATE SOLAR STUDIES

SOLAR ALTITUDE = 32°

CLIMATE PASSIVE COOLING

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

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