MATRIX

EXERCISE - 01 CHECK YOUR GRASP

 cos  sin   8. A T = – A. & A TA = I
2. A =  
  sin  cos    A 2 = – I  A 4n = I

 cos  sin    cos  sin   A 4n – 1 = A –1  A 4n – 1 = A T (A is orthogonal)

 A A =    
  sin  cos     sin  cos   9. AA T = I  A –1 = A T    A T = adj A
( |A| = 1)
 cos(   ) sin(   ) 
=   = A   every element = cofactor
  sin(   ) cos(   ) 
12. Hint : B = A –1  AB = I  10AB = 10I
3. 60 = 2 2 × 3 1 × 5 1
1
Number of divisor = 12 13. Hint : |2A 9 B –1 | = 2 2 |A| 9
| B|
4. Hint : x = 11 – y & x + 5 = y
2 1   3 2 1 0 
14. Hint :Let P    ,Q    ,R 
1 1  1 2  1 1  2  7 4  5 3  0 1 
6. 0 1  0 1  = 0
     1  PAQ = R     A = P –1 RQ –1
19. |A||adj A| = |A||A| n –1
= |A| n = a 9
1 1  2  1 3  1 1  2  3 
0    =   a  b
 1  0 1  0 1  28. |A – I| = 0  = 0
c d 
on multiplying the matrix we get
  2 – (a + d) + ad – bc = 0
1 1  2  .....  n  1 378  This is characteristic equation. Comparing with
0 1  = 0 1 
   given equation we get
 n(n + 1) = 378 × 2  n = 27 k = ad – bc =|A|, a + d = 0

EXERCISE - 02 BRAIN TEASERS

1. x = A T BA
3 3 1
x 2 = A TBA . A TBA = A T B 2 A S = 3 + + + ...  = 3 = 6
2 4 1
x 10 = A T B 10 A 1
2
2. A 2 = A  |A| 2 = |A|  |A| = 1
5. A T = BCD
A(adj A) = |A| I
adjA = A –1 AA T = ABCD  A AT = S  AA T = S T
also A 2 = A  S = ST
A = I  adj A = I D T C T B T A T = ABC . DAB . CDA. BCD
2
(adj A) = I  (adj A) 2 = adj A
(ABCD) T = (ABCD) (ABCD) (ABCD)
3. |A| = x(yz – 8) – 3(z – 8) + 2 (2 – 2y)
= 60 – 20 + 28 = 68 ST = S3  S = S3  S2 = S4

68 0 0 1
6. |A TA –1 | = |A T || A –1 | = | A T | 1
 0 68 0  | A|
A (adjA) =|A|I =  
 0 0 68   ƒ (x) = 1
2

3 4   3 4  1 0  14. Hint : 1  20 , 2  12 =  20

4. BC =    = 
2 3    2 3  
0 1    n  2n
0

A A
S = t r(A) + t r   + t r   + ... 
2
  4
EXERCISE - 03 MISCELLANEOUS TYPE QUESTIONS
Assertion & Reason :
Statement-II :
1. x, y, z are not all zero
AI = IA  A(adjA) = (adjA)A
 system has infinite solution. –1 –1
 AA = A A
 = 0

(a  b  c)
  =  (a  b)2  (b  c)2  (c  a)2   0  cos  12 sin  12  cos  12  sin  12 
2 5. St-I : x=   A   
  sin  12 cos  12   sin 12 cos  12 
but a, b, c are distinct  a + b + c = 0  
P PT
Statement-I is false & Statement-II is true.
 PP T = I
4. Statement-I : Now x = PAP T
 x 2 = PAP TPAP T  x 2 = PA 2 P T
1 2  a b  a b  1 2
 1 1   c   x 2 = PAP T  x 2 = x
  d   c d   1 1 
 
St-II : Q = PAP T    Q 2 = PAP T . PAP T
If A is idempotent then Q 2 = PA 2 P T
a  2c b  2d  a  b 2a  b 
 a  c   Q n = PA nP T
  b  d   c  d 2c  d 
Comprehension # 3 :
 2c = –b & b = a – d Hint : |A 0 |= 0
 infinite matrix are there. B 1 = B 2 = B 3 = ........ = B 49 = B 0

EXERCISE - 04 [A] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE

n(n  1) a  0 
2.  = 1 + 2 + 3 + ...... +n   = 1 ; (1 + 3 + 3 2 + 3 3 + 3 4 ) I   =  
2 b  11 
n(n  1) a  0  a  0 
m = n + 1 p = (121)   =      =  1 
2 b  11  b   11 
1 2  a b a b  1 2 
3. 3 4   c  =  8. A2 = I  x = 2, 4, 6, .......
   d c d  3 4 
x
 a  2c b  2d  a  3b 2a  4 b   (cos   sin x )
3a  4c 3b  4 d  =  c  3d 2c  4d 
   
On equating we get  (cos 2   sin 2 )  (cos 4   sin 4 )  .......

2c = 3b ... (1) 2 2
= (cot   tan )  2
2d = 2a + 3b ... (2)
c = d – a ... (3) 1 1 1   x  3 
15. (a)     = 4 
db db 1 2 3   y   
= = 1 1 4 9   z  6 
a cb db

   2  / 3  AX = B
Let d = , c =  then A = 
   
|A| = 2
4. n(A) = 4 ; n(B) = 2 ; n(C) = 4; n(D) = 1;
(adjA )
|D| = 18 X = A –1 B =
| A|
n(C)(| D|2  n(D )) 4(18 2  1)
 = 650 6 5 1  3 
n(A )  n(B) 2
  
x   6 8 2  4  2 
0 1   2 3 1  6   
3 0    1
5. A =   ; A2 =   = 3I y  = =  
3 0  0 3   z 
2 0 
EXERCISE - 04 [B] CONCEPTUAL SUBJECTIVE EXERCISE
n
2. |B|=|adj A|= |A| 2 = 9  1 0 0  0 2 a   1 18 2007 
a 8.      
S b ab 27 27 9  0 1 0   0 0 4    0 1 36 
= 1 a 2 = 2 = = =  0 0 1  0 0 0   0 0
2 b b a 81  3 78 26   1 
(ab 2 + a 2 b + 1) S = 225 I A
3. a11 a21 + a 12 a 22 = 0
1 18 2007 
1 1 1 –1  4 ways  
0 1 36 
–1 –1 –1 1  4 ways  (I + A) n = 
0 0 1 
–1
4. B = (I – A)(I + A)
B T = [(I + A) –1] T (I – A) T = [(I + A) T] –1 (I – A) T 1 18 2007 
n(n  1) 2 0 1 36 

= (I + A T) –1 (I – A T) = (I – A) –1(I + A)  I + nA + A =
2 0 0 1 
BB T = (I – A)(I + A) –1(I – A) –1(I + A)
(A 3, A 4....... is a null matrix)
= (I – A){(I – A)(I + A)}–1 (I + A)
on solving it we get
= (I – A)(I – A) –1(I + A) –1(I – A) = I
n = 9 & a = 191

EXERCISE - 05 [A] JEE-[MAIN] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

1 1 1 1 2
7. A = 
2 1 3 3 4 
3. A =
1 1 1 a 0
B =  a, b  N
4 2 2 0 b 
5 0   a 2b 
10 B = AB = 
1 2 3  3a 4b 
B = A –1  a 2b 
BA = 
AB = AA –1 = I  3b 4 b 
10 AB = 10I For AB = BA
b = a  their are infinite
(A) (10B) = 10I
Natural number for which a = 6
1 1 1 4 2 2
so Infinite matrix B possible
2 1 
3   5 0   2
 ×  8. |A | = 25
1 1 1   1 2 3  |A| 2 = 25
10 0 0 |A| = ± 5
0 10 0 
=  5 5 
 0 0 10  0  5 = ±5
10 0 5   10 0 0 0 0 5
0  0 25 = ±5
 10   5 10 0 
= 
 0 0 5     0 0 10  1
 = ±
5
5 –  = 0
9. A2 = I
5 |A 2 | = |I|
4. A2 – A + I = 0 |A 2 | = 1
multiplying by A –1 |A| = ±1
A –1 AA – A –1 A + A –1 I = 0 statement–1 :
IA – I + A –1 = 0 If A  I, A  –I
but |A| = ± 1
A 1  I  A
so this statement is true
 statement–2 : 17. (P 2 + Q 2 ) P = P 3 + Q 2 P ... (1)
0 1 (P 2 + Q 2) Q = P 2Q + Q3 ... (2)
Let A = 
1 0 
Equation (1) – Equation (2)
|A| = –1 tr(A) = 0
but A  I, A  – I (P 2 + Q 2) (P – Q) = P 3 – Q 3 + Q 2P – P 2Q
so statement-2 is false (P 2 + Q 2) (P – Q) = 0  (P  Q)
14. AT = A
P2 + Q2 = 0
BT = B
St-1 : so |P 2 + Q 2 | = 0
(A(BA))T = (BA) TA T T
= A TBTA T = A(BA)  symetric  1 2 1   1 0 0
18. 1    
((AB)A)) T = A T B T A T = (AB) A  symetric A   0 1 2    2 1 0 
Statement - 1 is true 0 0 1   1 2 1 
   
St-2 :
(AB) T = B T A T = BA  1 0 0 1  1 
1      
if AB = BA then and A A U1   2 1 0   0    2  ...(1)
(AB) T = BA = AB  1 2 1   0   1 
     
St.- 2 is true
but Not a correct expalnation.  1 0 0 0  0 
15. St–1 : The value of det. of skew sym. matrix of odd 1      
A A U 2   2 1 0   1    1  ...(2)
order is always zero. So St-I. is true.  1 2 1   0   2 
     
St–II : This st. is not always true depends on the
Eq. (1) + (2)
order of matrix.
|–A| = –|A| if order is odd, so St-–II is wrong. 1
 
St-I is true and St-II is false. U 1 + U 2 =  1 
16. Since H is a diagonal matrix. We know that product  1 
 
of two diagonal matrix is always a diagonal matrix.

 0   0   0 
So H70 =    0   ...  0   70 times
 0     

 70 0   0 
=   H
 0  70   0  
EXERCISE - 05 [B] JEE-[ADVANCED] : PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS

3. |M – I| = |M – M M T |
1
|M – I| = |M| |I – M| A –1 = [A 2 + cA + dI]
6
 |M – I| = |I – M|
6 0 0
 |M – I| = (–1) 3 |M – I| 1  
0 4 1 
 |M – I| = 0 6 
0 2 1 
4. AX = U
1 0 0  c 0 0  d 0 0  
a 1 0   x  f  1      
      =  0 1 5 
  0 c c   0 d 0  
 1 b d    = g 
y 6  

1 b c   z  h  0 10 14  0 2c 4c  0 0 d  
on comparing we get
has infinitely many solutions.
 |A| = 0 (c – d) (ab – 1) = 0 – 1 = 5 + c  c = – 6
& (adj A) U = 0 1 = 14 + 4c + d  1 = 14 – 24 + d
 bc  bd c d   f  0  d = 11
     
 dc ac ad   g  = 0  6. PP T = I
 0 1  ab ab  1  h  0 

 fbc  fbd  gc  dh  0  1 1 
    A =  
0 1 
 fd  fc  agc  adh  = 0 
 g  abg  adh  h  0 
 fd – fc + agc – agh = 0 ... (1) 1 1  1 1  1 2 
 A2 =   0 1  = 0 1  & so on
 0 1     
a 1 1   x  a 2 
      Q = PAP T
BX = V  0 d c  y  =  0 
 f g h   z   0  Q 2 = (PAP T ) (PAP T ) = PA 2 P T
 
Q 2005 = PA 2005 P T
|B| = a(dh – gc) + fc – fd = 0 (from (1))
 system can’t have unique solution 1 2005 
x = P T (PA 2005 P T)P  x = A 2005 = 
Now X = (adj B)V 0 1 

dh  gc g  h c  d   a 2  x  10. (c) (i) If A is symmetric, A =A

T
     
=  fc ah  f ac   0  =  y 
a b   a c 
 fd g  af ad   0   z    c a   b a 
   
if afd  0  (adj B) V  0  b = c
 adfd  0 then BX = V is inconsislent T
If A is skew symmetric, A = – A
1 0 0   a b   a c 
5. A = 0 1 1   |A| = 6   c a     b a 
     
0 2 4   a = 0, b + c = 0
 b, c  0  a = 0, b = 0, c = 0
6 0 0 2
Now, det(A) = a – bc
adjA 1  
A –1
 = 0 4 1  2 2
= a – b ( b = cfor A being symmetric
| A| 6 
0 2 1  or skew symmetric or both)
= (a – b)(a + b) is divisible by p.
1 0 0

2  Let (a – b)(a + b) = p,   I
A = 0 1 5

0 10 14 
 Range of (a + b) is 0 to 2p – 2 which includes
1 a b
only one multiple of p i.e. p
 1 c
 a + b = p & a – b  I 12.
2  1
 possible number of pairs of a & b will be
p – 1. 2
=1– c – a( –  c) = (1 – c) – a(1 – c)=(1
Also, range of (a – b) is 1 – p to p – 1 which includes – c) (1 – a)
only one multiple of p i.e. 0 for non singular matrix
 a – b = 0 & a + b  I
 Possible number of pairs of a & b will be p. 1 1
c & a
Hence total number of A in T p will be  
2 2
p + p – 1 = 2p – 1  c   , a  
3
(i i i ) Total number of A in T P = p  a & c must be  & b can be  or 
2

when a  0 & det(A) is divisible by p, then number

2
 total matrices = 2
of A will be (p –1)
2 2 a 11 2 3 a 12 2 4 a 13
When a = 0 & det(A) is divisible by p, then number
of A will be 2p–1.
14. | Q| 2 3 a 21 2 4 a 22 2 5 a 23
So, total number of A for which det(A) is divisible 2 4 a 31 2 5 a 32 2 6 a 33
by p
2
= (p – 1) + 2p – 1 a 11 2a 12 2 2 a 13
= p
2  | Q|  2 2.2 3.2 4. a 21 2a 22 2 2 a 23
So number of A for which det(A) is not divisible a 31 2a 32 2 2 a 33
by p 2 3 4 3
3 2 = 2 .2 .2 |P|.2
= p – p
2 3 4 3 13
11. (Comment : Although 3 × 3 skew symmetric = 2 .2 .2 .2.2 = 2
matr ice s ca n never be non-si ngular.
15. PT = 2P + I
Therefore the information given in question  P = 2PT + I
is wrong. Now if we consider only non  P = 2(2P + I) + I
singular skew symmetric matrices M & N,  P = 4P + 3I
then the solution is-)  P = –I
T
Given M = –M  PX = –X
T
N = –N
1 4 4
MN = NM
2 2 T –1 –1 T 16. |adjP| = 2 1 7
according to question M N (M N) (MN )
2 2 –1 T –1 –1 T T 1 1 3
= M N N (M ) (N ) M
2 2 –1 –1 T –1
= M N N (–M) (N ) (–M)  |P| 2 = 4  |P| = ±2

MN  NM
 1 1
(MN )  (NM )
N 1 M 1  M 1 N 1

2 –1 –1
= –M N M N M
2 –1 –1 2
= – M N N M M = –M