Activity 12

Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________

Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Directions: Read the given articles by following the links (URL). You may
download them directly by clicking the links.

1. When is Impartiality is Morally Appropriate by Brad Hooker.

a. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289934847_Wh
en_Is_Impartiality_Morally_Appropriate

2. Impartiality: Its Nature and Application by Ellen Marie Maccarone.

a. http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0006632/maccarone_e.pdf

After reading the articles, let us find out how well you comprehend the
lesson. State the most important facts you derived from those materials and
list down at least 10 Definition of Terms.

Impartiality is Morally Appropriate by Brad Hooker

1. Impartiality - Impartial application of good moral rules
2. Impartiality - Impartial benevolence as the direct guide to decisions about what
to do
3. Impartiality - Impartial assesment of moral rules
4. The autocentric approach - is meant to contrast sharply not only with pure
impartialism but also with
5. Self/other asymmetry - Benefits to the agent of an action don’t add moral
value; benefits to others do.
6. Benevolence -  is a kind act or gift or the doing of kind things for others.
7. Morality - principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or
good and bad behavior.
8. Oxfam - a UK-based organization that works to help people who
are extremely poor and suffering by, among other
things, collecting old clothes and other unwanted things and selling them
at low prices in special shops
9. Utilitarianism - the system of thought that states that
the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one
that brings most advantages to the most people
10. Hedonic - connected with feelings of pleasure

Impartiality: Its Nature and Application by Ellen Marie Maccarone

1. Partialist - one that is partial to one side 

2. Consequencialist - he view that the value of an action derives solely from the
value of its consequences
3. Deontological theories - (derived from the Greek word for duty, deon) base
morality on certain duties, or obligations, and claim that certain actions are
intrinsically right or wrong, that is, right or wrong in themselves, regardless of the
consequences that may follow from those actions
4. Antagonistic - actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards something or
someone
5. Perfectionism - Perfectionism is one of the leading moral views of the Western
tradition, defended by Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Leibniz, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, and
Green.
6. Egoism - an ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality.
7. Common Sense - good sense and sound judgment in practical matters.
8. Agent Relative -  agent-relative reason is one that cannot be fully specified
without pronominal back-reference to the person for whom it is a reason.
9. Agent Neutral - Agentneutral reasons are those that apply to anyone in a
situation, regardless of any special relation-ship to the individuals or other elements
involved. 
10. Elitist - relating to or supporting the view that a society or system should be led
by an elite.

Activity 13
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________
Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Directions:Answer the following questions.

1. Give any situation concerning Reasoning, elaborate your answer?

Jonathan believes that it would not be fair to the owners to take their money and
short them through drinks because they are not rich and flaunting their money. Jon
is obeying the rules, but only because the owners are not crude. This shows that Jon
understands that rules are relative. It may be inquired that Jonathan believes that
the owners are good people who deserves to be treated fairly since they are not rich
scum bastards, which could be Jon’s own interpretation of law. This shows that
Jonathon is basing his decision on societal rules rather than self interest, which is
also why he is not stealing or shorting the owners.

2. Give any situation concerning Impartiality, elaborate your answer?

Partiality is defined as a fondness or a bias towards something or someone. If you
prefer chocolate ice cream to vanilla, this is an example of when you have a partiality
for chocolate.

3. The difference between Impartiality and Reasoning?

The difference between reason and impartiality is, reason is subjective and
impartiality is objective.Reason talks about how we think in our mind in a specific
situation, it is subjective because we, peoplehave different kind of perspective in life
and different beliefs that lead to judgement and wronginterpretation. However,
impartiality tackles about fairness of everyone. It is objective because it needs
acriteria that everyone has a right and equal opportunity and reasons

Activity 14
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________
Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Directions. Read the following statements carefully. Identify what is being

described in the statement and write your answers on the space provided
before the number.

Virtue 1. This refers to an excellence of moral or intellectual

character.
Theory of Forms 2. The theory that is central to Plato’s philosophy.
Nicomachean Ethics 3. This has been regarded as the Ethics of Aristotle since the
beginning of the Christian Era.
Theological Virtue 4. According to Aquinas, these virtues are concerned directly
with God and provide us with true knowledge and desire of
God and of His will.
Aquinas 5. The philosopher who believes that all actions are directed
towards ends and that happiness is the final end.
Self Realization 6. For Aristotle, this is a state of character manifested in choice
and action, resting in the golden mean, resolved by the
prescription that a wise person would determine.
Phronesis 7. Aristotle regards this as that kind of moral knowledge which
guides us to what is appropriate in conjunction with moral
value.
Temperance 8. This is the mean between gluttony (excess) and extreme
frugality (deficiency).
Gorgias 9. In this dialogue written by Plato, Socrates indicates that
pleasure and pain fail to provide an objective standard for
determining moral from immoral since they do not exist apart
from one another, while good and evil do.
Happiness 10. Aristotle considers this as the summun-bonum–the greatest
good of all human life.

Activity 15
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________
Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022
Direction: Enumerate the following items given inside the box below.

1-3 Basic Moral Virtues (Aristotle)

1. courage
2. temperance
3. liberality
4-5 Two kinds of virtues (Aristotle)
4. Intellectual Virtue
5. Moral Virtue

Activity 16
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________
Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Direction: Answer or explain the following items below.

1. Explain the Greek word or belief “telos”.

Telos or( "end, 'purpose', or 'goal") is a term used by philosopher Aristotle to refer to
the full potential or inherent purpose or objective of a person or thing, similar to the
notion of an 'end goal' or 'raison d'être

2. Explain the quotation of Aristotle, “For all things that have a function or
activity, the good and the well is thought to reside in the function”.

Aristotle teaches that each man's life has a purpose and that the function of one's
life is to attain that purpose. ... According to Aristotle, human beings have a natural
desire and capacity to know and understand the truth, to pursue moral excellence,
and to instantiate their ideals in the world through action

3.Explain The Golden Mean

This is known as Virtue Ethics. It places the emphasis on high character and not on
duty or seeking good consequences. So, true courage would be a balance between
too much courage, recklessness, and too little courage, cowardice. A person is
courageous out of practice rather than duty or to produce some desired effect. The
Golden Mean is a means of assisting a person in practicing good character as they
strive to make it second nature.

Activity 17
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________
Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Directions: Differentiate the Four Types of Laws of St. Thomas Aquinas and
give examples.

Eternal Law
The natural law is “the rational creature’s participation in the eternal law.”
"It is evident that all things partake somewhat of the eternal law, in so far as,
namely, from its being imprinted on them... Wherefore it (human nature) has a
share of the Eternal Reason, whereby it has a natural inclination to its proper act and
end: and this participation of the eternal law in the rational creature is called the
natural law."

Divine Law
The divine law refers to Special Revelation -- the will of God as revealed in the
Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. This law was necessary for four reasons:
(1) humans need explicit divine guidance on how to perform proper acts; (2)
uncertainty of human judgment needs a check; (3) humans need divine insight on
issues on which they are not competent to judge; and (4) it proves that God will
punish some deeds that even go beyond the ability of human law to punish.

Human Law
The human law refers to “the more particular determinations of certain matters
devised by human reason.”

Natural Law
Natural Law is a moral theory of jurisprudence, which maintains that law should be
based on morality and ethics. Natural Law holds that the law is based on what’s
“correct.” Natural Law is “discovered” by humans through the use of reason and
choosing between good and evil. Therefore, Natural Law finds its power in
discovering certain universal standards in morality and ethics.

Activity 18
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________
Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Directions: Watch the given video by following the links (URL). You may
download them directly by clicking the links.

Natural Law Theory: Crash Course Philosophy

a. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_UfYY7aWKo

After watching the video, let us find out how well you comprehend the
lesson. State the most important facts you derived from the materials.
NATURAL LAW THEORY: CRASH COURSE PHILOSOPHY
Natural law is insufficient for human beatitude and salvation. Thomas Aquinas is
really clear about this. He teaches that natural law is not enough. A human person
can never erase natural law from his heart, but he can mitigate its force in his life.
And even if a human person followed natural law perfectly, he would not attain to
Heaven, because sanctifying grace is needed to enter the Beatific Vision (vision of
God). So then, God gave “Divine Law” in the form of the Old Testament but perfectly
in the New Testament

Activity 19
Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________
Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Directions: Answer the following questions concisely.

1. How can we achieve happiness?

How to find happiness within yourself Stop chasing happiness. Many people connect
happiness to the achievement of certain goals or aspirations. Remove your own
barriers to happiness. Practice looking inwards. Build your self-esteem. Be present.
Take time to appreciate yourself.

2. How can we become virtuous?

One becomes virtuous by living an ethical life, following a moral code which respects
others, treats others with kindness and compassion, and is not engaging in corrupt,
criminal or malicious actions.
A virtuous person will have high principles of conduct, language and communication.
They will be honest, honourable, trustworthy, decent and pure in spirit.

3. Based on Same-sex marriage topic, write at least 2 pages of comparative

report of Aristotelian’s Nicomachean Ethics and St, Thomas Natural Law.
Answer whether Aristotle and Aquinas allow same-sex marriage? Explain
why will they promote or against the idea.

“Men agree that the good is happiness, but differ as to what this is.” In The
Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explains many ways in which people can reach
happiness and fulfill their function. And with these statements, in my opinion,
Aristotle would agree that the right for homosexuals to be legally married would
allow them to fulfill their function and reach full potential of happiness. “Happiness
is believed to be the most desirable thing in the world,”

Scripture’s opening proclaims that: “God created man in the image of himself, in the
image of God he created him. Male and female he created them. God blessed them
and said to them, ‘Be fruitful, multiply and fill the earth and conquer it’” It is obvious
to everyone that the male and female human bodies complement one another
sexually, and possess together the power to regenerate human life. It is equally
obvious that no such complementarity, or regenerative power, exists between
bodies of the same sex.

The natural law also mandates that sexual intercourse take place exclusively
between a husband and wife within a stable, monogamous state of marriage. This is
seen from the fact that the human newborn is the most helpless and most
dependent of all newborn animal life.

Activity 20

Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________

Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Direction: Answer or explain the following items below.

1. What are the importance of Human Rights? Site an example

Human rights are important because they reflect the minimum standards necessary
for people to live with dignity. Human rights give people the right to choose how
they want to live, how to express themselves and what kind of government they
want to support, among other things.Best example here in the Philiines there are ma
many LGBTQ are out in their closet even the other didn’t favor their choises and
belief they s1till have freedom to choose and do what they want.

2. What are the difference between Moral Rights and Legal Rights? Site
an example.
Human rights are the universal rights any human being can enjoy while moral rights
are the rights that are accorded according to the ethics or moral code, and legal
rights are the rights formulated by the state or government for the privilege of its
citizens
An example of a legal right is the right to vote of citizens.
Example of moral right is our name should always appear next to your artwork in an
exhibition.

Activity 21

Name: Vea Janelle DC. Rodriguez Score: ___________________

Course/Year/Section: BS Archi 2-E Date: March 11, 2022

Direction: Answer or explain the following items below.

1. Explain the Basic Principles of Utilitarianism.

a. Pleasure or Happiness Is the Only Thing That Truly Has Intrinsic Value.
Utilitarianism gets its name from the term "utility," which in this context does not
mean "useful" but, rather, means pleasure or happiness. To say that something has
intrinsic value means that it is simply good in itself.
b. Actions Are Right Insofar as They Promote Happiness, Wrong Insofar as They
Produce Unhappiness.
This principle is controversial. It makes utilitarianism a form of consequentialism
since it says that the morality of an action is decided by its consequences. The more
happiness is produced among those affected by the action, the better the action is.
c. Everyone's Happiness Counts Equally.
This may strike you as a rather obvious moral principle. But when it was put forward
by Bentham (in the form, "everyone to count for one; no-one for more than one") it
was quite radical. Two hundred years ago, it was a commonly held view that some
lives, and the happiness they contained, were simply more important and valuable
than others.

2. Elaborate the Impact of Utilitarianism in Law, Politics, Economics.

Site an examples.

Law
The utilitarian theory of the justification of punishment stands in opposition to the
“retributive” theory, according to which punishment is intended to make the
criminal “pay” for his crime. According to the utilitarian, the rationale of punishment
is entirely to prevent further crime by either reforming the criminal or protecting
society from him and to deter others from crime through fear of punishment.

Politics
Utilitarians have supported democracy as a way of making the interest of
government coincide with the general interest; they have argued for the greatest
individual liberty compatible with an equal liberty for others on the ground that
individuals are generally the best judges of their own welfare; and they have
believed in the possibility and desirability of progressive social change through
peaceful political processes.

Economics
The Utilitarians provided the psychological framework that economists, even today,
seem reluctant to move away from. They also inspired many ideas in economics,
such as welfare economics. Of no less importance is the contribution that Utilitarians
gave to the philosophy of morality.

3. Explain the nature of Utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism is an effort to provide an answer to the practical question “What ought
a person to do?” The answer is that a person ought to act so as to maximize
happiness or pleasure and to minimize unhappiness or pain.