PMT

Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 8 9 6 2 5 0 0 2 7 0 *

GEOGRAPHY 0460/22
Paper 2 October/November 2016
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Ruler
Protractor
Plain paper
Calculator
1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.

If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of the booklet. The question number(s)
must be clearly shown.

Answer all questions.

The Insert contains Photographs A, B and C for Question 3.

The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner.
Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Definitions
MEDCs – More Economically Developed Countries
LEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries
NICs – Newly Industrialised Countries

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages, 4 blank pages and 1 Insert.

DC (LEG/JG) 115303/3
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1 Study the map extract for Kilkenny, Republic of Ireland. The scale is 1:50 000.

Fig. 1 shows some of the features in the north west of the map extract.

40 41 42 43 44 45
60 60

59 59

58 58

C A
B
57 57
40 41 42 43 44 45

Fig. 1

(a) Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1:

(i) feature A;

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) the six-figure grid reference of the castle at B;

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) the height above sea level at spot height C;

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) the feature at D.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) (i) What type of roads are shown on Fig. 1?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) What is the type of settlement pattern in the area shown on Fig. 1?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(c) Fig. 2 shows the built-up area of Kilkenny.

49 50 51 52 53 54
59 59

58 58

57 57

X
56 56

55 55
E

54 54

53 53
49 50 51 52 53 54

Fig. 2

(i) On Fig. 2, mark the route of the N76 and N10 road between E and F. [1]

(ii) Describe the pattern of main roads in the area shown on Fig. 2.

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.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Describe Kilkenny’s railway link shown on the map.

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...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Look at the River Nore from the northern edge of the map to the first bridge in Kilkenny,
shown at X on Fig. 2.

(i) Describe the shape of the river’s channel.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Measure the distance along the river from the northern edge of the map to the bridge.

................................................... metres [1]

(iii) Measure the compass bearing from the point where the river meets the northern edge of
the map to the bridge in Kilkenny.

................................................... [1]

(f) Fig. 3 shows the whole of the map extract divided into two parts, P and Q.

40 54
60 60

Kilkenny

52 52
40 54

Fig. 3

Give two differences between the relief of the two parts of the map.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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(g) Fig. 4 is a cross section along northing 53. The cross section is from 400530 (at the western
edge of the map) to 450530.

250 250
metres above sea level

metres above sea level

200 Y 200
Z
150 150

100 100

50 50

0 0
400530 450530

Fig. 4

(i) What is the name of the small settlement at Y on Fig. 4?

.......................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify the feature at Z on Fig. 4.

.......................................................................... [1]

(iii) Using the map, complete the cross section on Fig. 4. [2]

[Total: 20 marks]

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2 (a) Which two of the following settlements can be described as rural ? Tick only two boxes.

Tick (✓)
city
conurbation
isolated house
large town
village
[2]

(b) Study Fig. 5, which shows a rural settlement. Answer the questions on the opposite page.

100

0
10

300

N
200

Key
road building built before 1900
100 contour building built in 1900 or later
0 500
river
metres

Fig. 5

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(i) Fig. 5 shows the ages of the buildings in the settlement and settlement patterns.
Settlement patterns can be described as dispersed, linear or nucleated. Which of these
terms best describes the pattern of the settlement shown on Fig. 5:

– before 1900; ..................................................

– today? ............................................................ [2]

(ii) Roads influenced the original site of the settlement. Use evidence from Fig. 5 to explain
this.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) Suggest why is there no settlement in area X on Fig. 5.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) The settlement developed before 1900 at a good defensive site. What natural feature
made the site easy to defend?

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8 marks]

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3 Study Photographs A, B and C (Insert), which show three rivers in South Africa.

(a) Describe the relief of the valley shown in Photograph A.

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...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) (i) Using Photographs B and C, name the main process used to transport the river’s load
shown in:

Photograph B; ...................................................

Photograph C. .................................................. [2]

(ii) A dam is shown in Photograph A. Explain how and why building the dam will have
affected the river’s load further downstream after the dam was built.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8 marks]

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4 Study Fig. 6, which shows Volcano A and Volcano B.

Volcano A

crater

lava flows

km magma
50
chamber

Volcano B
crater
lava flows and
ash layers

m magma
10 k
chamber

Fig. 6

(a) Give four differences between Volcano A and Volcano B shown on Fig. 6.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

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3 ................................................................................................................................................

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4 ................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) Using Fig. 6, name the types of volcano.

Volcano A ................................................................

Volcano B ................................................................ [2]

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(c) Fig. 7 shows the location of the two volcanoes.

Volcano A

Volcano
B

0 4000
km
Key
plate boundaries
active volcanoes
plate movement

Fig. 7

Describe the location of each volcano in relation to plates and plate boundaries.

Volcano A

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Volcano B

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8 marks]

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5 (a) Wheat and rice are two of the main outputs of commercial, arable farming. Explain the
meaning of:

(i) commercial farming;

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) arable farming.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Fig. 8 shows the main areas of rice production in the world.

Rice

Tropic of
Cancer

Equator

Tropic of
Capricorn

Key
area of rice
production

Fig. 8

Describe the distribution of rice production shown on Fig. 8.

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(c) Fig. 9 shows the main areas of wheat production in the world.

Wheat

Tropic of
Cancer

Equator

Tropic of
Capricorn

Key
area of wheat
production

Fig. 9

Suggest two reasons for the difference between the distribution of rice production (Fig. 8) and
the distribution of wheat production (Fig. 9).

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 8 marks]

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6 (a) Which one of the following statements describes globalisation? Tick only one box.

Statement Tick (✓)

the way places on a map can be represented on a sphere
the way incomes of people in different parts of the world are
becoming more equal
the way countries can be classified as MEDCs, LEDCs, NICs, etc.
the increased links between different parts of the world, such
as the availability of food and clothing from other countries and
increased international population migration
[1]

(b) What is a transnational corporation?

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(c) Many transnational corporations have opened factories in LEDCs. Table 1 shows some of the
factors affecting these corporations and countries.

Table 1

Number Factor
1 increased income from taxes
2 few skilled workers may be employed
3 cheaper shipping in bulk carriers and container ships
4 development of skills in LEDCs
5 managers and skilled workers may be from other countries
6 growing consumer markets in LEDCs
7 access to more advanced technology
8 cost of the manufactured goods may be too high for local people to buy
9 low taxes in LEDCs

For each of the following, select two factors from Table 1 which:

(i) have encouraged transnational corporations to open factories in LEDCs;

Factor number .............................................

Factor number ............................................. [2]

(ii) are advantages of these factories for an LEDC and its people;

Factor number .............................................

Factor number ............................................. [2]

(iii) are disadvantages of these factories for an LEDC and its people.

Factor number .............................................

Factor number ............................................. [2]

[Total: 8 marks]

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Additional Pages

If you use the following lined pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question
number(s) must be clearly shown.

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To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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