Introduction to ART APPRECIATION ART APPRECIATION: CREATIVITY,

IMAGINATION, AND EXPRESSION

 Art comes from the ancient Latin, Ars which
means a "craft" or specialized formof skill,  lt takes an artist to make art. One may
like carpentry or smithying or surgery" perceive beauty on a daily basis.
(Collingwood, 1938)  However, not every beautiful thing that can
 Art can be 2-dimensional, like paintings, be seen or experienced may truly be called
drawings, and prints. a work of art.
 Art is a product of man's creativity,
EXAMPLES: Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa Between imagination, and expression.
1503 and 1516 Oil on poplar wood  Not everyone can be considered an artist,
 Art can be 3-dimensional, like sculptures but all are spectators of art.
and ceramics.  We are able to distinguish what is fine and
beautiful from what is not and what is good
EXAMPLES: quality and from poor.
 This gives us a role in the field of art
Jeff Koons- Balloon Dog (Yellow) on the roof of the appreciation.
Metropolitan Museum.1994-2000.
ART APPRECIATION AS A WAY OF LIFE
High chromium stainless steel with transparent color
coating.  "The role of art as a creative work is to
depict the world in a completely different
 Art can be 4-dimensional, utilizing time as light and perspective" - Jean-Paul Sartre
an intrinsic element, such as in performance  Each artwork beholds beauty in its own kind,
art, kinetic art, video art, and sound art. the kind that the artist sees and wants the
We find it museum and galleries, streets, caves. viewers to perceive.
 More often than not, people are blind to this
What is Humanities? Why do we need to study beauty and only those who have developed
Humanities? a fine sense of appreciation can experience
and see the art the way the artist did.
 The expression of ourselves without using of  Hence, refining one's ability to appreciate
words (painting, sculptures, dancing, arts allows him to deeply understand the
mosaic, cross stitch, collage, paper and purpose of an artwork and recognize the
folding) beauty it possesses.
 The study of mans expression feelings,  ln cultivating an appreciation of art, one
thought, intuition, values, and ideas. should also exercise and develop his taste
 The study of mans experience, goals, and for things that are fine and beautiful.
aspirations  This allows individuals to make intelligent
 It is used to dramatize individual choices and decisions in acquiring
expressions necessities and luxuries, knowing what
Why do we need to study humanities? gives better value for time or money while
taking into consideration the aesthetic and
The humanities serve to provide the student with practical value.
certain skills and values through the arts. Students  Learning to appreciate art no matter what
learn to appreciate the importance of value that no vocation or profession you have, will lead to
other subject can describe those values which are a fuller and more meaningful life.
directly an exact
THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN ART MAKING
The Humanities constitute one of the oldest and
most important means of expression developed by
man  Creativity requires thinking outside the box.
Assumptions of Art
1. Art is Universal  ln art, creativity is what sets apart one
2. Art is not nature artwork from another.
a. Paul Cezanne- a French painter,  When can we say that something is
painted a scene from reality entitled creative?
"Well and Grinding Wheel in the
Forest of the Chateau Noir" When we have not seen anything like it
b. The Elephant an the Blind Men
3. Art involves experience When it is out of the ordinary

Art depends on experience, and if one is to When it is not just a copy or imitation of
know art, he must know it not as fact or someone's work
information but as experience
 THERE IS ORIGINALITY! Performance art is a live art and the artist's
medium is mainly the human body which he
 Nowadays, being creative can be quite or she uses to perform, but also employs
challenging. other kind of art such as visual art, props, or
ART AS A PRODUCT OF IMAGINATION, sound.
IMAGINATION AS A PRODUCT OF ART Elements of performance arts:
 ❝Imagination is more important than a. Time
knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all b. Where the performance took place
we now know and understand, while c. The performer's body
imagination embraces the entire world, and
all there ever will be to know and Relationship between the audience and the
understand." Albert Einstein performer(s)
 imagination is not constrained by the walls
4. POETRY PERFORMANCE
of the norm, but goes beyond that.
Poetry is an art form where the artist
 Through imagination, one is able to craft
expresses his emotions not by using paint,
something bold, something new, and
charcoal, or camera, but expresses them
something better in the hopes of creating
through words.
something that will stimulate change.
These words are carefully selected to exhibit
 ln the same way that imagination produces
clarity and beauty and to stimulate strong
art, art also inspires imagination.
emotions of joy, anger, love, sorrow among
ART AS EXPRESSION others.
5. ARCHITECTURE
 "What an artist does to an emotion is not to Art is the pursuit and creation of beautiful
induce it, but express it. Through things while architecture is the making of
expression, he is able to explore his own beautiful buildings.
emotions and at the same time, create However, not all building are beautiful
something beautiful out of them."- Robin because some only embody the functionality
George Collingwood they need, but the structure, lines, forms,
 Expressing emotions is different from and colors are not beautifully expressed.
describing emotions.
 This makes people's art not a reflection of lmportant elements:
what is outside or external to them, but a a. Plan
reflection of their inner selves. b. Construction
c. Design
There are Countless Ways of Expressing
d. Buildings should embody
Oneself Through Art
these three important
1. VISUAL ARTS elements if they wish to merit
Creations that fall under this category are the title architecture.
those that appeals to the sense of sight and 6. DANCE
are mainly visual in nature. Dance is series of movements that follows
Artists produce visual arts driven by their the rhythm of the music accompaniment.
desire to reproduce things that they have Dancing is a creative art form that allows
seen in the way that they perceived them. people to freely express themselves.
2. FILM IT HAS NO RULES.
Film refers to the art of putting together 7. LITERARY ART
successions of still images in order to create Artists who practice literary arts use words
an illusion of movement. to express themselves and communicate
Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, emotions to the readers.
cultural, and social value and is considered Simply becoming a writer does not make
both an art and an industry. one a literary artist.
Techniques in film-making process: Literary art goes beyond the usual
a. Motion-picture camera (also known professional, academic, journalistic and
as movie camera) other technical forms of writing.
b. Animation techniques 8. THEATER
c. Computer-generated imagery (CGI) Theater uses live performers to present
accounts or imaginary events before a live
Filmmaking simulates experiences or audience.
creates one that is beyond the scope of our Theater art performance usually follows
imagination as it aims to deliver ideas, follow a script, though they should not be
feelings, or beauty to its viewers. confused with literary arts.
3. PERFORMANCE ART
 Like in filmmaking, theater also considers a. The personal functions of art are varied and
several elements such as acting, gesture, highly subjective.
lighting, sound effects, musical score, b. Functions depends on the artist who created
scenery and props. the art.
Like performance art, theater also is a live c. An artist may create an art out of self-
performance. expression, entertainment, or therapeutic
Genres: drama, musical, tragedy, comedy purpose.
and improvisation
9. APPLIED ARTS SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ART
Applied arts is incorporating elements of a. Art is considered to have a social function if
style and design to everyday items with the and when it addresses a particular collective
aim of increasing their aesthetic value. interest as opposed to a personal interest.
Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and b. Art may convey message of protest,
comfort into many things that were useful in contestation, or whatever message the artist
everyday life. intends his work to carry.
Industrial design, interior design, fashion c. Political art is a very common example of an
design, graphic design art with a social function.
FUNCTIONS AND PHILOSOPHICAL d. Art can also depict social conditions such as
PERSPECTIVES ON ART photography (pictures of poverty)
e. Performance art like plays or satires can
 Aristotle claimed that every particular also rouse emotions and rally people toward
substance in the world has an end, or telos a particular end.
in Greek, which translates into "purpose."
 Every substance, defined as formed matter, PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART
moves according to a fixed path towards its a. The physical functions of art can be found in
aim. artworks that are crafted in order to serve
 This telos, according to Aristotle, is some physical purpose.
intricately linked with function. b. Architecture, jewelry-making, interior design
 For a thing to reach its purpose, it also has all serves physical functions.
to fulfill its function.
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART
FUNCTIONS OF ART
 Music was principally used for dance and
An inquiry on the function of art is an inquiry on religion.
what art is for.  The ancient world saw music as an
Example: What is the Rizal monument for? instrument to facilitate worship and
invocation to gods.
When it comes to function, different art forms come  Music was essential for synchronicity of
with distinctive functions. dancers.
 Music guarantees that warriors were
Some art forms are more functional than others. simultaneous.
1. Architecture and Applied Arts  Today, music has expanded its functions
and coverage.
The value of the art in question lies in the  There is a lot of music that has no
practical benefits one gains from it connection to dance or religion.
Obviously made for a specific purpose Example: Serenade - People compose hymns to
express feelings and emotions.
2. Painting and Literature
One can look at the value of the product of  Music is also used as accompaniment to
art in and for itself stage plays and motion pictures
 Sculptures have been made by man most
DOES IT MEAN THAT PAINTINGS AND particularly for religion.
LITERARY WORKS CAN NEVER HAVE ANY  In the Roman Catholic world, the
FUNCTION? employment of sculptures for religious
Dr. Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere and El purposes has remained vital, relevant, and
Filibustirismo. The novels accrued value and as a symbolic
consequence, function.  Rizal and Bonifacio's monument and
commemorative coins (Pope Francis)
They are functional in so far as they are 0 designed  Architecture may be the most prominent
to accomplish some definite end. functional art.
 Unlike other forms of art, buildings take so
PERSONAL FUNCTIONS OF ART much time to erect and destroy.
  One cannot dismiss taking into conceived of art as representing possible
consideration the function of a building versions of reality.
before construction.  For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to
 It is also in architecture where one can find represent reality as it is, it endeavors to
the intimate connection of function and form. provide a version of what might be or the
myriad possibilities of reality.
 In Aristotelian worldview, art serves two
particular purposes:
a. Art allows for the experience of
pleasure (horrible experience can be
made an object of humor)
DOES ART ALWAYS HAVE TO BE
FUNCTIONAL?
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ART b. Art also has an ability to be
instructive and teach its audience
1. ART AS AN IMITATION things about life (cognitive)
 In Plato's The Republic, paints a picture of 3. ART AS A DISINTERESTED JUDGMENT
artists as imitators and art as mere imitation.  Immanuel Kant, in his Critique of Judgment,
 In his description of the ideal republic, Plato considered the judgment of beauty, the
advises against the inclusion of art as a cornerstone of art, as something that can be
subject in the curriculum and the banning of universal despite its subjectivity.
artists in the Republic.  Kant recognized that judgment of beauty is
 In Plato's metaphysics or view of reality, the subjective.
things in this world are only copies of the  However, even subjective judgments are
original, the eternal, and the true entities that based on some universal criterion for the
can only be found in the World of Forms. said judgment.
 For example, the chair that one sits on is not
a real chair. It is an imperfect copy of the HOW AND IN WHAT SENSE CAN A JUDGMENT
perfect "chair" in the World of Forms. OF BEAUTY, WHICH ORDINARILY IS
 Plato was convinced that artists merely CONSIDERED TO BE A SUBJECTIVE FEELING,
reinforce the belief in copies and discourage BE CONSIDERED OBJECTIVE OR UNIVERSAL?
men to reach for the real entities in the
World of Forms. HOW ARE THESE TWO STATEMENTS
 Plato was deeply suspicious of arts and DIFFERENT?
artists for two reasons: 1. "I like this painting."
a. They appeal to the emotion rather to
the rational faculty of men 2. "This painting is beautiful.”
b. They imitate rather than lead one to
reality The first is clearly a judgment of taste (subjective),
 Poetry rouses emotions and feelings and while the second is an aesthetic judgment
thus, clouds rationality of people. (objective).
 Art is just an imitation of imitation. A painting Making an aesthetic judgment requires us to be
is just an imitation of nature, which is also disinterested. In other words, we should try to go
just an imitation of reality in the World of beyond our individual tastes and preferences so that
Forms. we can appreciate art from a universal standpoint.
 Art then is to be banished, alongside the
practitioners, so that the attitudes and 4. ART AS A COMMUNICATION OF
actions of the members of the Republic will EMOTION
not be corrupted by the influence of the arts.  According to Leo Tolstoy, art plays a huge
 For Plato, art is dangerous because it role in communication to its audience's
provides a petty replacement for the real emotions that the artist previously
entities than can only be attained through experienced.
reason.  In the same that language communicates
2. ART AS A REPRESENTATION information to other people, art
 Aristotle, agreed with Plato that art is a form communicates emotions.
of imitation. 5. ART AS A COMMUNICATION OF
 However, Aristotle considered art as an aid EMOTION
to philosophy in revealing the truth.  As a purveyor of man's innermost feelings
 The kind of imitation that art does is not and thoughts, art is given a unique
antithetical to the reaching of fundamental opportunity to serve as a mechanism for
truths in the world. social unity.
 Unlike Plato who thought that art is an
imitation of another imitation, Aristotle
  Art is central to man's existence because it NON – REPRESENTATIONAL ART> ABSTRACT<
makes accessible feelings and emotions of REPRESENTATIONAL ART
people from the past and present.
SOURCES AND KINDS OF SUBJECT
SUBJECT AND CONTENT
For non-representational art, a higher, level of
In viewing art, there are clues that mediate between perceptiveness and insight might be required to fully
the artwork and the viewer, allowing the viewer to grasped the feeling. emotion, or concept behind the
more easily comprehend what he is seeing. work.
These clues are the three basic components of a For representational art, it is easier to infer the
work of art: subject matter because from the figures depicted in
the artwork, there is already a suggestion as to its
a. Subject the visual focus or the image that implication.
may be extracted from examining the
artwork; the "what"
b. Content - the meaning that is communicated
by the artist or the artwork; the "why"

c. Form the development and configuration of Sources of Subject

the art work how the elements and the • Nature
medium or material are put together; the • History
"how" • Greek and Roman mythology
In the sciences, experimentation is the key to • Judeo-Christian tradition
proving a hypothesis or a larger theory. • Sacred oriental texts
• Other works of art
In the arts, there are observable qualities that the
artwork holds that will point to its subject, and Kinds of Subject
sometimes even to its content. (look at the • History
constituent figures that are perceptible, the manner • Mythology
in which the • Still life
TYPES OF SUBJECT • Myth
• Animals
1. REPRESENTATIONAL ART • Dreams
 These types of art have subjects that refer to • Figures
objects that refer to objects or events • Fantasies
occurring in the real world. • Nature
 Also termed figurative art because the • Landscape
figures depicted are easy to make out and • Seascape
decipher. • Cityscape
EXAMPLE: MONA LISA
 Despite not knowing who Mona Lisa is, it is CONTENT IN ART
clear that the painting is of a woman that is The meaning or message that is expressed or
realistically-proportioned; only the upper communicated by the artwork.
torso is shown; a beguiling and mysterious
smile is flashed; the background is a In understanding the content of art, it is important to
landscape note that there are various levels of meaning:
2. NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART
 Art forms that do not make a reference to 1. Factual meaning
the real world, whether it is a person, place, The most rudimentary level of meaning for it
thing, or even a particular event. may be extracted from the identifiable or
 It is stripped down to visual elements, such recognizable forms in the artwork and
a shapes, lines, and colors that are understanding how these elements relate to
employed to translate a particular feeling, one another.
emotion, and even concept. 2. Conventional meaning
Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation
NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART AND of the artwork using motifs, signs, and
ABSTRACT ART symbols and other cyphers as bases of its
meaning.
Is non-representational art the same with abstract These conventions are established through
art? time, strengthened by recurrent use and
There is no clear-cut divide, rather, they exist in a wide acceptance by its viewers or audience
spectrum. and scholars who study them.
3. Subjective meaning
When subjectivities are consulted, a variety
of meanings may arise when a particular
work of art is read.
These meanings stem from the viewer's or
audience's circumstances that come into
play when engaging with art (what we know,
what we learned, what we experienced;
what values we stand for).
Meaning may not be singular, rather,
multiple and varied