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Class 8 Notes - Force and Pressure

This document discusses the concepts of force and pressure in physics. It defines force and its SI unit (Newton), balanced and unbalanced forces, and the effects of forces. It also defines contact forces like frictional and muscular forces, and non-contact forces like gravitational, electrostatic, and magnetic forces. Pressure is defined as the force per unit area, with the SI unit of Pascal. Examples are given for why pillars have a broad base to reduce pressure and why cutting tools are sharp to increase pressure with less force. Atmospheric pressure is also defined.

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NEIL GAROO
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352 views3 pages

Class 8 Notes - Force and Pressure

This document discusses the concepts of force and pressure in physics. It defines force and its SI unit (Newton), balanced and unbalanced forces, and the effects of forces. It also defines contact forces like frictional and muscular forces, and non-contact forces like gravitational, electrostatic, and magnetic forces. Pressure is defined as the force per unit area, with the SI unit of Pascal. Examples are given for why pillars have a broad base to reduce pressure and why cutting tools are sharp to increase pressure with less force. Atmospheric pressure is also defined.

Uploaded by

NEIL GAROO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS – 8 (Physics)

Chapter- Force and Pressure


1) What is force? State its SI unit.
Ans: Push or pull exerted on an object is called force.
SI unit of force is Newton(N).

2) What are balanced forces?


Ans: When the resultant (net or total) force acting on an object is zero, then the forces
acting on it are called balanced forces. For example, balanced forces act on a book which
is at rest.

3) What are unbalanced forces?


Ans: When the resultant (net or total) force acting on an object is not zero, then the forces
acting on it are called unbalanced forces. For example, unbalanced forces are responsible
for the motion of an object like a rolling ball.

4) What are the effects of force?


Ans: Effects of force are
a) Force can change the state of rest or state of motion of an object.
b) It can change the speed and direction of a moving object.
c) It can change the shape and size of an object.
**Unbalanced force can cause one or all the above effects whereas balanced force
can cause only (c)
5) What will be the resultant force, if two forces are acting on an object?
a) In the same direction
b) In the opposite direction
Ans: In the same direction, resultant will be the addition of the two forces.
In the opposite direction, resultant will be the difference between the two forces.
** In both the above cases, resultant is along the direction of the larger force.
6) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net force, when two forces F1(10 N) and
F2(8N) are applied
a) In the same direction
b) In the opposite direction
(For Practice)
7) Define –
a) Contact Force -Forces which act only when there is a physical contact between
the two interacting objects. Example- Muscular force and frictional force
b) Muscular Force- The force resulting due to the action of muscles. It is a type of
contact force
c) Frictional Force-Friction is the force exerted by one object on another to oppose
the relative motion between the two objects in contact. It is a contact force and
always acts opposite to the direction of motion.

d) Non- Contact force – Forces whichcan act without any physical contact with the
object and can act from a distance. Example- Gravitational force, Electrostatic
force, and Magnetic force

e) Gravitational Force – Every object in the universe whether small or large exerts a
force on every other object. This is known as gravitational force. It is an attractive
force. Example- Water in the rivers flows downwards due to the force of gravity
(gravitational force).

f) Electrostatic Force- The force exerted by a charged object on another charged or


uncharged object is known as electrostatic force. It can be an attractive as well as
a repulsive force. Example- a straw rubbed with paper attracts another straw.

g) Magnetic force- The force existing between two magnets, or a magnet and a
magnetic material is known as magnetic force. It can be an attractive as well as a
repulsive force. Example- like poles of two magnets repel each other.

8) Define pressure. What is its SI unit?


● The force acting on unit area of a surface is called pressure.
● Pressure =Force /Area
● The SI unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa)
● 1 Pascal (Pa)=1 Newton (N)/1 m2

9) Give reason for the following:

a) Pillars holding the tracks of metro trains have broader base:


Since pressure is inversely proportional to area, thus when area increases pressure
decreases. Thus, when the area of the pillar is increased, lesser pressure is exerted
on the ground.

b) Cutting and piercing tools are made sharp:


They are made sharp to reduce the surface area. When area is decreased the
pressure increases, so we need to apply a much lesser force to cut the vegetables.
10) Define atmospheric pressure.
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure at any location on the earth, caused by the weight of
the column of air above it.

11) A force of 10 N acts on an area of 0.1 m2.


a) Calculate the pressure
b) What will be the value of pressure, if the force is kept the same but the area is
reduced to half? What do you infer from this?
Ans: Given: force= 10 N
area = 0.1
Pressure = force/ area
⇨ Pressure = 10/0.1
⇨ Pressure = 100 Pa
When area is reduced to half,
area = 0.1/2
⇨ area = 0.05
Pressure = force/ area
⇨ Pressure = 10/ 0.05
⇨ Pressure = 200 Pa
Thus, when area is reduced by half, the pressure becomes twice the original.

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