7 Branches of Philosophy

4.
Ethics Philosophy: Study of what is right and wrong in

human behavior
In the previous lesson, the definition of Philosophy Everyone in their day to day life tries to conduct
and its salient features were discussed. This time, the themselves according to some established ethical norms. This
branches of Philosophy will be tackled. philosophical concept has different applications in a person’s
Knowing only the meaning of Philosophy and some real life. For instance, there are certain organizations that
of its characteristics are not enough if we are in search for have ethical committees which lay down rules of behavior for
true wisdom. For a narrow and partial mind is wholly its employees. Ethics is concerned with the definition of right
incompatible with the real philosophical attitude that and wrong. It elucidates schools of thought that instruct us
manifests holistic point of view. The discussion below on how to act in a given situation, which has always been a
branches of Philosophy is intended to broaden one’s matter of contention between philosophers. Every
perspectives and skills in doing philosophical discourses. philosopher has defined it according to their own subjective
understanding.
The main branches of Philosophy are:
1. Axiology: “Study of the nature of value and 5.Aesthetics: Study of beauty and taste
valuation”
Comes from the Greek word “aisthetikos” meaning Aesthetic
Comes from the two Greek words “axios” means “worth or or pertaining to perception
value” and “logos” means “study”
Every person defines beauty as per his or her own
Seeks to understand the meaning, nature, and origin of the perspectives. This philosophical subject is wholly devoted to
notion of values and values judgement defining the different aspects of beauty, even its contours.
How do we find something beautiful? Is beauty always
When the person asks the questions, subjective or can it be objective too? Can everyone find a
thing beautiful? It also examines individual taste and
1.Why do I need to obey the social norms? attempts to provide answers about these things in a scientific
2. from what is morality derived, and what is it for in the manner. Aesthetic Philosophy’s primary topic of investigation
context of society? is beauty and art. It is often debated inside its classrooms. It
(the person wants to know what it is that motivates us to take also talks about performing arts like music.
actions, or refrain from doing such actions)
In addition to axiological questions, 6.Logic Philosophy: Study of the nature and types of logic. It
is science or is the study of correct processes of thinking or
1.Where did these values come from?
2.Can either these values be called good? reasoning. It came from the Greek word LOGOS which means
3. Is one better than the other and why? WORDS, DISCOURSE or REASON
2. Metaphysics: Study of the fundamental nature of reality
LOGOS as reason could mean two things,
It is derived from the Greek words “ta meta ta physica”
1. HUMAN REASON- “STUDY”, that is the rationality of
which means “the work after the physics”
human mind. It is how we define based on
It deals with the general and abstract questions. etymology. We define words using the dictionary.
2. Universal Intelligence/Rationale Divine Intelligence-
Those pertaining to the nature of existence this means LIGHT-GIVING PRINCIPLE, which enables
The categories of space and time human person to understand the NATURE, DYNAMIC
The existence of God and MSTERIES of the Universe.
The immortality of human soul
“It seeks to provide comprehensive account of the world that We use this word in our commonplace
is a proof against the uncertainties of experience.” conversations, so we are all aptly familiar with it. People
constantly ask each other, “where is the logic behind this or
Aristotle’s Metaphysics which he himself called “the first that?”. People even acknowledge a good thought or act by
Philosophy” calling it logically correct. Hence, the question arises, what
does Science of logic has to do with Philosophy? In logic, we
3.Epistemology: Study of the nature, origin, and limits of
usually construct two sentences which are called premises,
human knowledge and they are used to make a conclusion. This sort of logic is
This term originated from the Greek word episteme called a syllogism, pioneered by Aristotle.
which literally means knowledge, and the other half of the
word ‘logy means ‘the study of’. Basically it is about the study
of knowledge. What can we know? A fundamental question 7. Political Philosophy: Study of government, addressing
concerning Epistemology is, what is knowledge? It also asks questions about the nature, scope, and legitimacy of public
questions like, can knowledge ever be absolute? Is there a agents and institutions
limit for humans to know certain things? If we are living in a
Combining the two fields of Politics and Philosophy,
world of simulation, how can we know it? These are some of
Political Philosophy studies political government, laws,
the essential questions Epistemology seeks answers for.
liberty, justice, rights, authority, political states and systems,
ethics, and more. It explores the concepts of why we need
KNOWLEDGE is about TRUTH, not BELIEVE governments, the role of played by governments, what are its
constituents, amongst others.
Ex. Alice knows that it is raining outside. (it’s true)
Jaz believes that is it raining outside. (maybe true,or false)

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Ethics Philosophy: Study of what is right and wrong in

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