Exp - S5 - Vapour Liquid Equilibrium - Corrected
Exp - S5 - Vapour Liquid Equilibrium - Corrected
Exp - S5 - Vapour Liquid Equilibrium - Corrected
S5
OBJECTIVE
AIM:
To determine the temperature (T), Liquid composition (X), Vapor composition (Y) at
equilibrium and to draw the vapor liquid equilibrium curve for the given system of liquids.
THEORY:
The phase rule is given by F=C-P+2 or F+P=C+2, where F is the number of degrees
of freedom, C is the number of components and P is the number of phases. For a system of
two miscible liquids, it can be seen that the number of degrees of freedom is 2. Fixing either
the temperature or pressure we can define such a system and the pressure or temperature has
an influence over the concentration. Liquid A has a higher vapor pressure than B, at any
value of the total pressure P, the point L on the curve marked liquid gives the composition of
the liquid in equilibrium with the vapor. It can be seen from the figure that the vapor in
equilibrium with any liquid is relatively richer in the component having the higher vapor
pressure (more volatile component A in the figure). The curves for systems which behave
ideally or which show small deviation from the ideal can be represented as shown in the
figure, corresponding curves can be obtained for systems in which the total vapor pressures
has a maximum or minimum at the given temperature (Non-ideal systems). In all the systems
the liquid and vapor curves are always related to one another in such a way so as to satisfy
the condition that the vapor of the shell contains relatively large properties of the more
volatile component. At the maximum and minimum pressures, however the liquid and the
vapor in equilibrium have the same composition (Azeotropic).
hence the distillation is being carried out at boiling point. Vapour pressure and boiling point
varies with the composition of the mixture. Change of total pressure changes the vapor
pressure and also the boiling point will be changed and this is represented in the figure,
Isobaric
PROCEDURE:
OBSERVATION TABLE:
CHEMICAL ENGG GROUP
CALIBRATION CHART:
To prepare calibration curve, you should follow table below and make sure that all the
standard solution prepared are at 280C temperature.
S. Volume of Volume Moles of Moles of Refractiv Mole fraction of Mole fraction
No. Cyclohexane of Cyclohexa Toluene e Index Cyclohexane of toluene
(ml) Toluene ne
(ml)
1 100 0 1.4254
2 0 50 1.4374
3 0 50 1.4506
4 0 55 1.4558
5 0 50 1.4681
6 0 50 1.4826
CHEMICAL ENGG GROUP
Cyclohexane
Molecular weight: 84.16 g/mol
Toluene:
Molecular weight: 92.14 g/mol
Where T is in 0C
CALCULATIONS:
S. Temperature PA , mm PB , mm P PB PA . X A
No. (oC) XA T YA
Hg Hg PA PB PT
1
2
3
CHEMICAL ENGG GROUP
4
5
0.9
0.8
0.7
Vapor
o 0.6
Temperature C
0.5
Liquid
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
XY Cyclohexane
Conclusion :
Vapor-liquid equilibrium curve
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