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Feasibility study
A feasibility study is an assessment of the practicality of a project or system. A feasibility study aims
to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or
proposed venture, opportunities and threats present in the natural environment, the resources
required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success.[1][2][3] In its simplest terms, the
two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained.[4]

A well-designed feasibility study should provide a historical background of the business or project, a
description of the product or service, accounting statements, details of the operations and
management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements and tax
obligations.[1] Generally, feasibility studies precede technical development and project
implementation. A feasibility study evaluates the project's potential for success; therefore, perceived
objectivity is an important factor in the credibility of the study for potential investors and lending
institutions.[5] It must therefore be conducted with an objective, unbiased approach to provide
information upon which decisions can be based.

Formal definition
A project feasibility study is a comprehensive report that examines in detail the five frames of analysis
of a given project. It also takes into consideration its four Ps, its risks and POVs, and its constraints
(calendar, costs, and norms of quality). The goal is to determine whether the project should go ahead,
be redesigned, or else abandoned altogether.[6]

The five frames of analysis are:

The frame of definition;

the frame of contextual risks;
the frame of potentiality;
the parametric frame;
the frame of dominant and contingency strategies.

The four Ps are traditionally defined as Plan, Processes, People, and Power. The risks are considered
to be external to the project (e.g., weather conditions) and are divided in eight categories: (Plan)
financial and organizational (e.g., government structure for a private project); (Processes)
environmental and technological; (People) marketing and sociocultural; and (Power) legal and
political. POVs are Points of Vulnerability: they differ from risks in the sense that they are internal to
the project and can be controlled or else eliminated.

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The constraints are the standard constraints of calendar, costs and norms of quality that can each be
objectively determined and measured along the entire project lifecycle. Depending on projects,
portions of the study may suffice to produce a feasibility study; smaller projects, for example, may not
require an exhaustive environmental assessment.

Common factors
TELOS is an acronym in project management used to define five areas of feasibility that determine
whether a project should run or not.[7][8][9]

1. T - Technical — Is the project technically possible?

2. E - Economic — Can the project be afforded? Will it increase profit?
3. L - Legal — Is the project legal?
4. O - Operational — How will the current operations support the change?
5. S - Scheduling — Can the project be done in time?

Technical feasibility

This assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements, to determine whether the
company has the technical expertise to handle completion of the project.[10][11][12] When writing a
feasibility report, the following should be taken to consideration:

A brief description of the business to assess more possible factors which could affect the study
The part of the business being examined
The human and economic factor
The possible solutions to the problem

At this level, the concern is whether the proposal is both technically and legally feasible (assuming
moderate cost).

The technical feasibility assessment is focused on gaining an understanding of the present technical
resources of the organization and their applicability to the expected needs of the proposed system. It
is an evaluation of the hardware and software and how it meets the need of the proposed system[13]

Method of production

The selection among a number of methods to produce the same commodity should be undertaken
first. Factors that make one method being preferred to other method in agricultural projects are the
following:

Availability of inputs or raw materials and their quality and prices.

Availability of markets for outputs of each method and the expected prices for these outputs.
Various efficiency factors such as the expected increase in one additional unit of fertilizer or
productivity of a specified crop per one thing

Production technique

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After we determine the appropriate method of production of a commodity, it is necessary to look for
the optimal technique to produce this commodity.

Project requirements

Once the method of production and its technique are determined, technical people have to determine
the projects' requirements during the investment and operating periods. These include:

Determination of tools and equipment needed for the project such as drinkers and feeders or
pumps or pipes ...etc.
Determination of projects' requirements of constructions such as buildings, storage, and roads
...etc. in addition to internal designs for these requirements.
Determination of projects' requirements of skilled and unskilled labor and managerial and
financial labor.
Determination of construction period concerning the costs of designs and consultations and the
costs of constructions and other tools.
Determination of minimum storage of inputs, cash money to cope with operating and contingency
costs.

Project location

The most important factors that determine the selection of project location are the following:

Availability of land (proper acreage and reasonable costs).

The impact of the project on the environment and the approval of the concerned institutions for
license.
The costs of transporting inputs and outputs to the project's location (i.e., the distance from the
markets).
Availability of various services related to the project such as availability of extension services or
veterinary or water or electricity or good roads ...etc.

Legal feasibility

It determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal requirements, e.g., a data processing
system must comply with the local data protection regulations and if the proposed venture is
acceptable in accordance to the laws of the land.

Operational feasibility study

Operational feasibility is the measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes
advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements
identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.[14]

The operational feasibility assessment focuses on the degree to which the proposed development
project fits in with the existing business environment and objectives with regard to development
schedule, delivery date, corporate culture and existing business processes.

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To ensure success, desired operational outcomes must be imparted during design and development.
These include such design-dependent parameters as reliability, maintainability, supportability,
usability, producibility, disposability, sustainability, affordability and others. These parameters are
required to be considered at the early stages of design if desired operational behaviours are to be
realised. A system design and development requires appropriate and timely application of
engineering and management efforts to meet the previously mentioned parameters. A system may
serve its intended purpose most effectively when its technical and operating characteristics are
engineered into the design. Therefore, operational feasibility is a critical aspect of systems
engineering that needs to be an integral part of the early design phases.[15]

Time feasibility

A time feasibility study will take into account the period in which the project is going to take up to its
completion. A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful. Typically this
means estimating how long the system will take to develop, and if it can be completed in a given time
period using some methods like payback period. Time feasibility is a measure of how reasonable the
project timetable is. Given our technical expertise, are the project deadlines reasonable? Some
projects are initiated with specific deadlines. It is necessary to determine whether the deadlines are
mandatory or desirable.

Other feasibility factors

Resource feasibility

Describe how much time is available to build the new system, when it can be built, whether it
interferes with normal business operations, type and amount of resources required, dependencies,
and developmental procedures with company revenue prospectus.

Financial feasibility

In case of a new project, financial viability can be judged on the following parameters:

Total estimated cost of the project

Financing of the project in terms of its capital structure, debt to equity ratio and promoter's share
of total cost
Existing investment by the promoter in any other business
Projected cash flow and profitability

The financial viability of a project should provide the following information:[16]

Full details of the assets to be financed and how liquid those assets are.
Rate of conversion to cash-liquidity (i.e., how easily the various assets can be converted to
cash).
Project's funding potential and repayment terms.
Sensitivity in the repayments capability to the following factors:
Mild slowing of sales.

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Acute reduction/slowing of sales.

Small increase in cost.
Large increase in cost.
Adverse economic conditions.

In 1983 the first generation of the Computer Model for Feasibility Analysis and Reporting (COMFAR),
a computation tool for financial analysis of investments, was released. Since then, this United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) software has been developed to also support the
economic appraisal of projects. The COMFAR III Expert is intended as an aid in the analysis of
investment projects. The main module of the program accepts financial and economic data, produces
financial and economic statements and graphical displays and calculates measures of performance.
Supplementary modules assist in the analytical process. Cost-benefit and value-added methods of
economic analysis developed by UNIDO are included in the program and the methods of major
international development institutions are accommodated. The program is applicable for the analysis
of investment in new projects and expansion or rehabilitation of existing enterprises as, e.g., in the
case of reprivatisation projects. For joint ventures, the financial perspective of each partner or class of
shareholder can be developed. Analysis can be performed under a variety of assumptions concerning
inflation, currency revaluation and price escalations.[17]

Market research
Market research studies is one of the most important sections of the feasibility study as it examines
the marketability of the product or services and convinces readers that there is a potential market for
the product or services. If a significant market for the product or services cannot be established, then
there is no project. Typically, market studies will assess the potential sales of the product, absorption
and market capture rates and the project's timing. The feasibility study outputs the feasibility study
report, a report detailing the evaluation criteria, the study findings, and the recommendations.[18]

See also
Project appraisal
Environmental impact
Mining feasibility study
Proof of concept
SWOT analysis

References
1. Justis, R. T. & Kreigsmann, B. (1979). The feasibility study as a tool for venture analysis.
Business Journal of Small Business Management 17 (1) 35-42.
2. Georgakellos, D. A. & Marcis, A. M. (2009). Application of the semantic learning approach in the
feasibility studies preparation training process. Information Systems Management 26 (3) 231-
240.
3. McLeod, Sam (2021-12-01). "Feasibility studies for novel and complex projects: Principles
synthesised through an integrative review" (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.plas.2021.100022).
Project Leadership and Society. 2: 100022. doi:10.1016/j.plas.2021.100022 (https://doi.org/10.10
16%2Fj.plas.2021.100022).
4. Young, G. I. M. (1970). Feasibility studies. Appraisal Journal 38 (3) 376-383.
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5. Feasibility studies as a tool for successful co-operative business enterprises "(A case study of the
importance of Feasibility students to co-operative investment)" (https://www.grossarchive.com/pr
oject/1796/FEASIBILITY-STUDIES-AS-A-TOOL-FOR-SUCCESSFUL-COPERATIVE-BUSINESS
-INTERPRISES--A-CASE-STUDY-OF-THE-IMPORTANCE-OF-FEASIBILITY-STUDENTS-TO-C
O-OPERATIVE-INVESTMENT-.html). grossarchive.com. Retrieved 2015-11-09.
6. Mesly, Olivier. (2017). Project feasibility – Tools for uncovering points of vulnerability. New York,
NY: Taylor and Francis, CRC Press. 546 pages. ISBN 9 781498 757911. See page 130.
7. James Hall (23 August 2010). Information Technology Auditing (https://books.google.com/books?
id=URYIAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216). Cengage Learning. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-133-00804-0.
8. P. M. Heathcote (April 2005). 'A' Level Computing (https://books.google.com/books?id=IEDcsqyh
y58C&pg=PA176). Payne Gallway. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-903112-21-2.
9. McLeod, Sam (2021-06-29). "Interrelated Attributes of Project Feasibility: Visualizing the TELOS
Framework" (https://scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPT
0ZRS.v1). Scienceopen Posters. doi:10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppt0zrs.v1 (https://doi.org/10.1
4293%2Fs2199-1006.1.sor-.ppt0zrs.v1). S2CID 237876039 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/Corp
usID:237876039).
10. Blecke, Curtis. Financial Analysis for Decision making. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: prentice-Hall, 1966
11. Caiden, Naomi, and Aaron Wildovsky. planning and Budgeting in Poor Countries. New York:
John Wiley and Sons, 1974
12. Pouliquen, Louis Y. Risk Analysis in Project Appraisal. World Bank Staff Occasional Papers, no.
11. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970.
13. O'Brien, J. A., & Marakas, G. M. (2011). Developing Business/IT Solutions. In Management
Information Systems (pp. 488-489). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
14. Bentley, L & Whitten, J (2007). System Analysis & Design for the Global Enterprise. 7th ed. (p.
417).
15. Benjamin S. Blanchard & Wolt Fabrycky (uk). Systems Engineering & Analysis . 5th ed. (p. 361).
16. Finance, Department of (30 October 2013). "ASSESSING FINANCIAL VIABILITY" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20171217155255/http://www.finance.gov.au/procurement/procurement-policy-and-
guidance/buying/contract-issues/assessing-financial-viability/practice.html). www.finance.gov.au.
Archived from the original (http://www.finance.gov.au/procurement/procurement-policy-and-guida
nce/buying/contract-issues/assessing-financial-viability/practice.html) on 17 December 2017.
Retrieved 21 November 2015.
17. COMFAR III Expert Reference Manual United Nations Industrial Development Organisation.
18. Michele Berrie (September 2008), Initiating Phase - Feasibility Study Request and Report (http://
www.pmhut.com/initiating-phase-feasibility-study-request-and-report)

Further reading
Matson, James. "Cooperative Feasibility Study Guide" (http://plantsforhumanhealth.ncsu.edu/ext
ension/marketready/cost-share/pdfs/Cooperative-Feasibility-Study-Guide.pdf) Archived (https://w
eb.archive.org/web/20120324000748/http://plantsforhumanhealth.ncsu.edu/extension/marketrea
dy/cost-share/pdfs/Cooperative-Feasibility-Study-Guide.pdf) 2012-03-24 at the Wayback
Machine, United States Department of Agriculture, Rural Business-Cooperative Service. October
2000.

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https://pilotandfeasibilitystudies.qmul.ac.uk/

External links
Hoagland & Williamson 2000 (https://web.archive.org/web/20081221092721/http://www.uky.edu/
Ag/AgEcon/pubs/ext_other/feasibility_study.pdf)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (http://www.unido.org/)
Matson (https://web.archive.org/web/20080916131105/http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/pub/sr58.p
df)
Allan Thompson 2003 (http://bestentrepreneur.murdoch.edu.au/Business_Feasibility_Study_Outli
ne.pdf)

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