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    1.4 Alcohols and Ethers Alcohols: Sch4U-Unit 2

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    Shefali G
    1. Alcohols are formed by the addition of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups to alkenes or alkynes. Common alcohols include methanol, ethanol, and glycerol. 2. Alcohols are named based on the parent alkane chain and location of the hydroxyl group. They can be primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on how many carbons the hydroxyl group is bonded to. 3. Ethers are named similarly to alcohols but have two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom instead of a hydroxyl group. They are less polar than alcohols.

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    1.4 Alcohols and Ethers Alcohols: Sch4U-Unit 2

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    Shefali G
    21 views4 pages
    1. Alcohols are formed by the addition of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups to alkenes or alkynes. Common alcohols include methanol, ethanol, and glycerol. 2. Alcohols are named based on the parent alkane chain and location of the hydroxyl group. They can be primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on how many carbons the hydroxyl group is bonded to. 3. Ethers are named similarly to alcohols but have two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom instead of a hydroxyl group. They are less polar than alcohols.

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    1.4

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    1. Alcohols are formed by the addition of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups to alkenes or alkynes. Common alcohols include methanol, ethanol, and glycerol. 2. Alcohols are named based on the parent alkane chain and location of the hydroxyl group. They can be primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on how many carbons the hydroxyl group is bonded to. 3. Ethers are named similarly to alcohols but have two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom instead of a hydroxyl group. They are less polar than alcohols.

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    21 views4 pages

    1.4 Alcohols and Ethers Alcohols: Sch4U-Unit 2

    Uploaded by

    Shefali G
    1. Alcohols are formed by the addition of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups to alkenes or alkynes. Common alcohols include methanol, ethanol, and glycerol. 2. Alcohols are named based on the parent alkane chain and location of the hydroxyl group. They can be primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on how many carbons the hydroxyl group is bonded to. 3. Ethers are named similarly to alcohols but have two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom instead of a hydroxyl group. They are less polar than alcohols.

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    SCH4U- UNIT 2

    1.4 Alcohols and Ethers


    Alcohols
     alcohols are created by the addition of a ____________ ____________
     Applications: ____________ - known as wood alcohol; produced by heating
    wood in the absence of air
    ____________ - alcoholic beverages; fermentation of sugars and plants
    ____________ – found in vitamin A
    Naming Alcohols
     Parent chain ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
    (unless there is another more prominent functional group – e.g. carbonyl group)
     Alcohol functional group is named _____
     added to the prefix of the parent alkane
     parent chain is numbered so the ____________ (not the side chains) has the
    ____________ ____________
     If alcohol has ____________ than 2 C atoms, or more than 2 –OH groups, need
    ____________ to identify ____________
     Location of –OH group indicated by number of C atom that ____________ _____
    ____________
    Naming Alcohols (Examples)

    a) b)

    Drawing Alcohols (Examples)


    a) 3-methylbutan-1-ol
    b) Propane-1,2-diol
    c) Phenol
    SCH4U- UNIT 2

    Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Alcohols


     Alcohols classified differently based on the carbon that is bearing the –OH group
     ____________ means that the carbon the functional group is bonded to is joined
    to only one other carbon (R)
     ____________ means that the carbon the functional group is bonded to is joined
    to two other carbon (R and R’)
     ____________ means that the carbon the functional group is bonded to is joined
    to three other carbon (R, R’ and R’’)

    Butanol and It’s Isomers

    Butan-1-ol Butan-2-ol 2-methylpropan-2-ol


    PRIMARY alcohol SECONDARY alcohol or TERTIARY alcohol or 3º
    or 1º 2º

    Positional Isomers
     Positional Isomers: same hydrocarbon skeleton (____________
    ____________) and same functional group; but the functional group is joined to a
    different part of the skeleton
    Polyalcohols
     alcohols that have ____________ ____________ ____________ hydroxyl group
     suffixes are added: -____________ and –____________ to alkane name
    Examples: Propane-1,2,3-triol
     Commonly known as glycerol. Can make H-bonds. Used in moisturizers, hand
    lotions, lipsticks and foods such as chocolate.
    SCH4U- UNIT 2

    Properties of Alcohols
     boiling points much ____________ than parent alkanes
     due to present of hydroxyl group ( - OH)
     ____________ group, allows alcohols to form ____________
    ____________
     in long-chain alcohols, the hydrocarbon portion is nonpolar, making
    ____________ ____________ good solvents for non polar compounds as
    well
    Ethers
     add ____________ to the prefix of the ____________ hydrocarbon group
     join the prefix to the alkane name of the ____________ hydrocarbon group
     sometimes named by combing the names of the two alkyl groups with the word
    ether (ie. Methyl ethyl ether or diethyl ether)
     Use previous 2 rules
    Naming Ethers (Examples)

    1: 2:

    Drawing Ethers (Examples)


    Ethoxypentane 3-methoxypentan-2-ol

    Functional Group Isomers


     Functional Group Isomers: some functional groups have isomers that contain
    other functional groups
    Ex. Ethanol and Methoxymethane
    SCH4U- UNIT 2

    Properties of Ethers
     structure of ethers is similar to water and alcohol
     oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups
     no OH group and so _____ ____________ ____________
     still polar molecules
     intermolecular attractions, ____________ ____________ ____________ but
    ____________ ____________ ____________
    Reactions of Alcohols
     Alcohol molecules can be made by____________ ____________. Addition ___
    ____________ to alkene or alkynes (following Markovnikov’s rule)
     Alcohols can ____________ (complete and incomplete)
    Elimination (Dehydration)
     performed by passing the alcohol over an acid catalyst or heated aluminum oxide
    catalyst
     propanol is ____________ (water removed) to an alkene
     In a lab, dehydration performed by heating the alcohol with concentrated sulfuric
    acid

    Condensation Reactions (Ether Synthesis)


     ____________ reaction is one in which two molecules ____________ to form a
    larger product, with the elimination of a small molecule such as ____________ or
    an ____________
     condensation of two alcohols produces an ether

    Homework:

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