The Teaching Methods of Jesus
The Teaching Methods of Jesus
The Teaching Methods of Jesus
Volume 1
Article 9
Issue 1 JBFFL
2016
Recommended Citation
McCoy, Ed.D., John W. (2016) "The Teaching Methods of Jesus," The Journal of Biblical Foundations of Faith and Learning: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1
, Article 9.
Available at: https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/jbffl/vol1/iss1/9
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Peer Reviewed Journals at KnowledgeExchange@Southern. It has been accepted for
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Running head: Teaching Methods of Jesus 1
John W. McCoy
Abstract
Jesus was the Master Teacher. This was recognized by the great leaders of His day, by His followers, and
through the ages by Christians right up to today. If we recognize our calling to teaching, even though we might
have been trained via methods courses or have come to our positions because of experience and years of study,
what better way to gauge our teaching ability than by finding out how Jesus taught and carrying that over into our
classrooms today?
This paper will explore the methods Jesus used to get His message across to the people of His day and to
teach His lessons to His disciples. This paper could lead to the development of a required course for student
Introduction
The English word "teacher" originated from an Anglo-Saxon word, teacan, which meant to show, or to
point out. For those of us who have been called to be teachers, we have become accustomed to pointing things
out to students, either verbally, with a pointer stick in the olden days, use of a laser pointer a few years ago, or
In the Bible we find the following: In His church some function as apostles, reaching out to new mission
territory. Some might have the gift of prophecy to help guide the church. Others have the ability teach. Is
everyone a leader? Has everyone be called to prophesy? Do all members know how to teach? No, we
don’t all have the same gifts. (I Corinthians 12:28-30 Clear Word Version).
From this verse alone, you can see we have aligned with one of the professions God Himself has set-aside:
teaching.
In Ephesians we again see our profession singled out as one of the gifts from God. “The gifts He gave were
varied. Some were called to be apostles, others to function as prophets, still others to be evangelists, and others to
The Gospels are replete with references to Jesus as a teacher. In Mark it states, “Then Jesus left the house
and went down to the lake, with crowds of people trailing behind Him. He planned to continue teaching the people
there” (Mark 2:13). Jesus’ custom is described as “He started teaching them” (Mark 10:1 Clear Word Version). We
also find “So He continued teaching in the Temple with the Jewish leaders listening in” (Mark 12:35).
There was a time when Jesus taught in the Temple and people were “listening to every word He said. The
next few days Jesus taught openly in the Temple” (Luke 19:47).
With this example and model, and with our particular calling, should we not give serious thought to His
methods of teaching and see how we can emulate His approach to teaching in our classrooms? We have various
methods classes offered in our teacher education department, from content methods courses such as math, social
Teaching Methods of Jesus 4
studies, English, to Bible methods, and elementary methods. Many have not followed the certified teacher route
prior to teaching at the university level; consequently they have been left to their own methods of instruction,
essentially finding what works for them. What if Jesus’ methods were clearly spelled out for not only these
teachers (professors) but for student teachers, current K-12 teachers, parents, and even Sabbath School teachers?
The Biblical worldview of teaching is clear; study the Master Teacher’s way of instruction, for it is based in
scripture which is “inspired and given by God for teaching truth, refuting error, correcting our ways, and helping us
We can all remember that special teacher that said or did something that impacted our lives at a
particular point and we can fondly look back and see the difference it has made in our lives. Perhaps you have
been that person, giving an encouraging word, gently nudging the reluctant student, or showing mercy when
justice cried out. Great teachers have come and gone over the ages, men and women who have demonstrated
The world has had its great teachers, men of giant intellect and extensive research, men whose
utterances have stimulated thought and opened to view vast fields of knowledge…but there is One who
stands higher than they. We can trace the line of the world’s teachers as far back as human records
extend; but the Light was before them (White, 2000, p. 9).
While on earth, Jesus utilized many different teaching methods during his three and a half years of
ministry. One approach He used was to speak by His own authority; He spoke with certainty (Zuck, 1995). The Bible
states, “The people were amazed at His teaching, for He taught with real authority—quite unlike the teachers of
religious law” (Mark 1:22 New Living Translation).We find ourselves quoting other teachers or experts in our field
of study but Jesus did not have to do this. He spoke with His own authority because “all authority on heaven and
earth had been given to Him” (Matthew 28:18 Clear Word Version).
Teaching Methods of Jesus 5
What does this method look like in your classroom? Students are searching for content knowledge and
answers to life’s questions as well. There are times when we must say, “I don’t know,” and help students find the
answers. There are other times, particularly when it comes to spiritual truths, that we must not waiver but speak
with certainty. We must not be shy when it comes to sharing how God has been a part of our lives or what the
biblical teaching is on a particular subject. Can we, like Jesus, return a question with a question? What does the
Bible say? Biology teachers, what does the Bible say about creation? This is not an area to introduce uncertainty.
Music teachers, what does the Bible say about Satan’s skills in this area? Might he use music to get to the souls of
our students? Art teachers, can you direct students to Esther 1:6 where we read about white tapestries with blue
hangings, a mosaic of porphyry, marble, mother of pearl, and other costly stones? God has provided beautiful
gems for our enjoyment and we must appreciate their value. Consider the laws of physics and the reliability of
chemical formulas, which cannot and should not be explained outside the concept of a creator God.
Jesus knew that many of the people of His day who were visual learners. This is still true today. In Christ’s
Object Lessons (White, 1941) we read, “in His wonderful deeds of healing He had answered their question” (p.
273). Jesus used object lessons to communicate truth to those who would listen. According to the Visual Teaching
Alliance (1998), 65% of the population are visual learners. At the high school level, 10% of the students are
auditory learners, and 80% of the instruction is delivered orally (University of Illinois Extension, 2009). The 3M
Corporation has found that visual aids in the classroom improve learning by up to 400% (3M Corporation, 2001).
Can you visualize Jesus washing the disciples’ feet? How about sitting with His disciples when a child approached
Him and He said it was okay? Or pointing out the widow as she dropped her offering in the plate? Or the big one:
History teacher, aren’t there sufficient artifacts that you could bring into the classroom every day to make
your points come alive? How many of your students have seen an actual civil war bullet or an insignia from the
Third Reich? Religion teacher, can you check out items or at least take your class to an archeology museum? Do
you have Bibles that contain ancient maps or do you use pulldown maps in your classrooms? Bible prophecy and
history are coming alive in the Middle East right now and it takes more than just talking about it.
Teaching Methods of Jesus 6
Use of Repetition
There is a famous saying attributed to teachers: “You are going to do this over and over again until you
get it right.” Repetition is essential to new learning, as is relevance and rigor. Jesus utilized these three conceptsas
He worked not only with His disciples but with folks He met. We see this when He talked about the importance of
receiving the kingdom of God like a little child, and when He told the disciples to allow the children to come to
Him. In Peter we read about desiring the milk of the word like a child, and in regard to evil, be like infants. His
repetitious use of children sends a message to us. It is crucial to our lessons that we identify the essential concepts
to be learned and build on them. In teacher education, we talk about accessing prior knowledge and activating
prior knowledge. Students need to see the relevance of what they are learning (how it ties in with what they
already know), and how it might apply to their future. This can be accomplished through various activation
strategies such as two-minute talks, think-pair-share-,talking drawings, the first word (acronym), or THIEVES (title,
headings, introduction, every first sentence, visuals and vocabulary, end of chapter questions, summary). Once we
point out to students the relevance of the material, we can then increase the rigor.
English teachers, do students need to memorize portions of famous writings, such as this one from Mere
Christianity that integrates faith and learning: “and out of that hopeless attempt has come all that we call human
history-money, poverty, ambition, war, prostitution, classes, empires, slavery-the long terrible story of man trying
to find something other than God which will make him happy” (Lewis, 1952, p. 54-55). Is there a content area that
Math teachers, I suspect you will need not only this teaching method of Jesus but a few others as well.
Consider this, the laws and absolutes of mathematics are based on the six-day creation event. Mathematical
calculations and formulas are crucial to many in their everyday lives. Consequently, teaching students this
information would best be done utilizing word problems. Pages of math calculations, known as drill and kill, miss
the mark when it comes to relevance. We read earlier that visual learning has a tremendous impact on memory
retention and what better way for students to learn mathematical calculations and formulas than when they can
Story Telling
Do you know that God loves you so much that if you turn your back on Him, if you choose to live a sin-
filled life, that if you have a change of heart, He will welcome you back? This is a wonderful truth but is there
anything memorable about it? The preacher Andy Stanley says that “memorable is portable.” So how did Jesus
make truths memorable? He turned them into stories. Luke states “Jesus told them a story to teach them…” (Luke
18:1). While the word “prodigal” does not appear in the Bible, it is a word that represents wasteful living, as well
as careless and imprudent spending. This biblical truth of 35 words is reduced to three words: The Prodigal Son.
When someone says this phrase, we all know the implications and the applications.
Each of us has stories to tell our students of God’s intervention in our lives. Can these stories be the
launching point of our lessons, or perhaps a point along the way, or could they be used as closure, wrapping up the
lesson? Sometimes teachers can be so intent on covering the materials prepared for the lesson that they miss the
importance of this teaching method of Jesus, to take a moment to encapsulate the lesson or one or more of the
essential learning points, in a story. Teachers must beware that stories are intended to “shed light on spiritual
truths. Through His short stories Jesus did not entertain; He educated” (Zuck, 1995, p 314). From His stories, Jesus
related to His listeners using everyday examples, referencing, for instance, fig trees, mustard seeds, fish, weddings,
Teachable Moments
Jesus utilized the teachable moment like no other before Him or since. During one of Jesus’ lessons, He
was interrupted by an expert in the law and asked what he needed to do to inherit eternal life. Jesus simply said,
“Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind … you should love and
value your neighbor as much as you love and value yourself” (Matthew 22: 37-39), a Bible truth of 30 words. Jesus
used two teaching methods—storytelling and a teachable moment—to illustrate and summarize this truth
into three words: The Good Samaritan. These three words bring to memory an example of what it takes to be a
There has been a strong emphasis of late on the importance of a personal relationship with Jesus, how
this supersedes our ability to keep the law, or the need for getting our life in order before Jesus will accept us.
Teaching Methods of Jesus 8
Martha knew how to take care of visitors to her home. She was skilled at hospitality, which is an important and
valuable talent. When sister Mary sat at Jesus’ feet during a visit to her house, Martha was upset and brought it to
Jesus’ attention. He took this moment to teach a lesson, rather than send Mary back to work with Martha. He
There is a wonderful example in the Old Testament that illustrates teachable moments. This goes beyond
the classroom and shows the mindset one needs to be ready for teachable moments. In Deuteronomy we read
“These commandments that I give you today are to be on your hearts. Impress them on your children. Talk about
them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up”
Howard Hendricks of the Dallas Theological Seminary has a saying he is known for: “He dropped his
watermelon!” (Zuck, 1995, p. 183). He could have simply said “he messed up bad,” but instead utilized a word
picture that says it all. Jesus loved to use sayings when He taught. Do you think when Jesus said, “Don’t throw your
pearls to pigs” (Matthew 7:6) that people remembered that and quoted it a few times since? Have you ever said;
“that’s the blind leading the blind”, a variation of a saying of Jesus from Luke? Our psychology students and
education students tend to study a lot of notable figures who are known for their sayings. Individuals such as Freud
(1953) “What does a woman want,” John Dewey (1897) “Education, therefore, a process of living and not a
preparation for future living” (p. 78), and most recently Arne Duncan (2011), “The vast majority who drop out of
high school drop-out not because it’s too hard but because it’s too easy,” make statements that tend to drive the
In Zinke’s Faith-Science Issues: An Epistemological Perspective, he lists the following quote: “Leave the
impression upon the mind that the Bible and the Bible alone, is our rule of faith, and that the sayings and doings of
men are not to be a criterion for our doctrines or actions” (White, 2002, p. 84). While Zinke identifies this
statement with the authority of the Bible, it certainly applies as a statement worthy of memorization and will most
Jesus used sayings for three reasons: “to capture His hearer’s attention, to encourage them to reflect on
what He said, and to help them remember His words” (Zuck, 1995, p.184). In content areas where there is a strong
flow of thought away from God (psychology) or a removal of God in certain settings (education), these professors
must take extra effort to bring their classroom discussions and sayings back around to God and His voices on earth,
to center their students, and to remember that “the Bible and the Bible alone is to be our creed, and sole bond of
union; all who bow to this Holy Word will be in harmony. Our own views and ideas must not control our efforts.
“We all must be on the same page”. “I need everyone’s attention”. “All eyes on me”. These phrases are
commonly heard in today’s classroom. Are there other more effective ways to get students’ attention so teachers
can get their essential learning points across to students? Many a good lesson has fallen on deaf ears because the
teacher has not taken the time to capture the imagination of his or her students at the beginning of the lesson.
One of Jesus’ methods of teaching was to intentionally get peoples’ attention, either by shocking them with a
statement, or using humor, enigmas, or aphorisms, for the expressed purpose of planting these thoughts for future
reaping, “refusing to be forgotten, even when the mind would willingly forget” (Zinke, 2004, p. 208).
We all realize that Jesus was not speaking literally when He said people had logs in their eyes, but we all
know what He meant. Some have taken His hyperbole literally, particularly in Matthew where He states:
If there is anything that keeps leading you into sin, you need to get rid of it, even if it’s as valuable to you
as one of your eyes. It’s better to go without an eye than to go on sinning and lose eternal life. Even if you
had to lose your right hand, it would be better to lose it here than to lose out on heaven later. (Matthew
A literal interpretation of these verses does little to remove sin from a person’s life. Hands and eyes are
not needed in order for a person to sin. This statement then and now still presents the shock factor and draws the
attention to the spiritual truth that “there is no sin in life worth perishing over” (Zuck, 1995, p.196). Nursing
students will be faced with many shocking scenarios when it comes to patient issues. In their discussions with
patients, it would serve them well to go beyond the obvious plan of treatment and consider the contributing
Teaching Methods of Jesus 10
factors that brought the patient to them initially, such as diet or lifestyle issues, and create a treatment plan that
will prevent the reoccurrence of the condition. Professors can assist this path of treatment with outrageous
statements much like the television shock doc known as Dr. House. A six-year old was brought in with stomach
pains but the mother was adamant about unnecessary surgery, dismissed Dr. House’s prognosis, which lead him to
state, “Sorry, didn’t know you wanted your kid dead. Although for a couple of G’s, I can still make it happen.” The
university is where thinking takes place and what better content area is there for thoughtful steps than in nursing,
Humor
Zuck (1995) emphasizes the importance of humor in teaching by making a point that although it is not
usually mentioned as a characteristic of good teaching, he quotes former teacher of the year for Arizona, Margo
Stone, who said that “Good teachers are teachers that know their field, have a sense of caring and compassion,
and a sense of humor (p. 204). There are many examples of Jesus’ use of humor and wit to get his point across.
Jesus said what father would give his son a stone to eat, or a snake instead of fish, or when he asks for scrambled
eggs, his father gives him a scorpion. I can almost hear Him saying, “C’mon man.” Jesus had a great dialogue with
the woman from Canaan whose daughter was demon possessed. They went back and forth, tit for tat, and I can
imagine a smile on His face when she said, “even the puppies eat the crumbs which fall from their masters’ table”
(Matthew 7:28 International Standard Version). In other words, she was saying she wanted a little benefit from
Him and would even eat the crumbs off His table.
Humor will work very well in all classes and perhaps the physical education teachers can start their classes
like Hans and Franz who want to “pump you up!” I could see humorous exercise quotes around their classrooms
which can lead to discussions and can also support the essential points of the lesson. Quotes such as “whenever I
feel the need to exercise, I lie down until it goes away,” or “I believe every human has a finite amount of
heartbeats. I don’t intent to waste any of mine running around doing exercises.” This use of humor also supports
the shock approach to teaching. It gets the students’ attention and gets them thinking. However, “the Lord’s
humor was never entertainment for entertainment’s sake. He never told jokes merely to evoke hilarity. His humor
Teaching Methods of Jesus 11
was always purposeful” (Zuck, 1995, p.204). I would caution and encourage all teachers to use humor to support
From My Experiences
There is something about experience that lends credibility to a teacher’s lesson. Jesus taught His disciples
how to pray (the Lord’s prayer), He prayed for the little children when they were brought to Him, He prayed with
Peter, James, and John, and He prayed alone. He also taught His disciples to love sinners and He demonstrated
what that looked like by eating with them. I have sat in many classrooms and listened to professors expound on
textbook information with little personal interjection of experiences that would support the textbook. Today’s
students want to hear first-hand examples, to draw closer to their professors, and to relate to them as regular
human beings, not cold, text-quoting academians with little experience in the real world. “In all true teaching the
personal element is essential…teachers are dealing with things real, and they should speak of them with all the
force and enthusiasm that a knowledge of their reality and importance can inspire” (White, 2000, p. 141-142 ).
Consider the experiences that our world language professors could bring to their lessons to make them
not only memorable, but invigorating and inspirational. Multi-lingual individuals have a richness about them that
goes beyond book knowledge and goes deeply into cultural experiences that will captivate the learner. In addition,
our outdoor program professors bring to class, through their experiences and their numerous certifications, a
wealth of practical information that will help students add tools to their toolbox of life.
Experiential Learning
Experiential learning is the process of making meaning from direct experience. This teaching method is
not new, although it is becoming a popular approach in education early in this current century. Aristotle said, “For
the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them.” In Christ’s Object Lessons, we read
that “Words are of no value unless they are accompanied with appropriate deeds” (White, 1941, p. 272). Tolbert
(1999) summarizes Jesus’ approach to experiential learning in that He gave instructions and called them to do it.
Not only did He teach His disciples what to do, He sent them out and asked them to come back with their success
reports.
Teaching Methods of Jesus 12
There is a high school in Washington, D.C. called the School Without Walls. The premise is that students
will come to school on Mondays, capture the focus of the week from their content area teachers, and spend the
rest of the week in various locations around the city that will support and satisfy the demands of the curriculum.
Teachers support students in the creation of their experiences and empower them to live out their lessons in the
public arena. What better model of learning, what more effective teaching method could be found, especially for
our professors, particularly in counseling and social work. These students, upon graduation, will be dealing with
social issues, personal crises, and human relationships as part of their everyday activities and must go well-
equipped. This means learning from professors who share their professional experiences in the classroom setting.
It means having opportunities to interact in the community and getting constructive feedback from their
professors and site supervisors. It’s basic, we don’t just tell our students what to do. We help provide the settings
Questions-Questions-Questions
But today’s students tend to want their teachers and professors to simply tell them the answer to their
questions. It’s been said that the university is where the church thinks, yet it is in this very setting that we find this
In the skillful use of the question more than anything else lies the fine art of teaching; for in such use we
have the guide to clear and vivid ideas, the quick spur to imagination, the stimulus to thought, the
“Skillful teachers work at using questions effectively” (Zuck, 1995, p. 235). There are times when we as
teachers are anxious to give the answer to every question posed to us. But a question is more than an opportunity
for a response. (Zuck, 1995, p.241) has listed 15 purposes for questions. When students ask us a question, it is
usually for information or facts. On the contrary, when we as teachers ask questions, it should be for a greater
purpose. Bloom’s Taxonomy, a hierarchy distinguishing the fundamental questions in education, ought to be the
standard against which we measure our questions posed to students. It is easy to get comfortable at the lowest
level of questioning, that being knowledge recall. But just as Jesus’ questions caused His hearers to think deeply, so
must ours. We must take our students from knowledge to comprehension, followed by application and analysis,
Teaching Methods of Jesus 13
then synthesis and evaluation, all this done by the appropriate phrasing of our questions. What better approach to
learning a world language than following Bloom’s Taxonomy? Students learn new words, gain an understanding of
their origin/meaning, apply what they have learned, analyze generalizations of the applications, construct and edit
Jesus used many words, later identified by Bloom, that are essential to spiritual growth. Throughout
scripture, the red-letter edition of the Bible brings out these words that even today, lead His listeners to greater
truths and also self-inspection of widely held beliefs. Those words of Jesus are captured in Table 1.
Whose picture? What parent How much The speck in Who do you What does
Jesus would do that? more will He his eye, the say I am? it profit a
clothe you? log in yours? man?
Bloom Remembering Understanding Applying Analyzing Evaluating Creating
(revised
Bloom Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
When it comes to asking questions, it’s all about the words we use, the verbs selected. One might think
that the business professors would focus mostly on the beginning levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy. But I would
challenge these professors to regularly take their lectures and lessons, if they are not doing so already, to the
levels of synthesis and evaluation. In the business world, leaders are looking for new plans and procedures as a
result of looking for alternative solutions. Action verbs such as collect, combine, devise, formulate, and generate
could drive the questions in this area of study. Taking it one step further, students could be asked to make and
defend their decisions based on evidences, either within or outside the organization. Great action verbs here could
Upon review of the questions Jesus asked, it appears He utilized a hierarchy of action verbs when posing
His questions. When He asked, “Whose picture is this”(Matthew 22:20, Clear Word Version), He was tapping into
their knowledge (remembrance). When Jesus said, “What parent would give his son a rock when he asks for a
piece of bread” (Matthew 7:9), He was using comprehension (understanding). “If that is how God clothes the grass
of the field … how much more will He clothe you, you of little faith” (Luke 12:28, New International Version), was a
great use of applying knowledge to actual situations. A great question of analysis by using contrast and comparison
Teaching Methods of Jesus 14
is when He asked, “Why are you so eager to take the speck out of his eye when you still have a piece of wood in
your own” (Matthew 7:4, Clear Word Version). Another example is when He asked the Pharisees, “If Satan drives
out Satan, he is divided against himself. How then can his kingdom stand? And if I drive out demons by Beelzebub,
by whom do your people drive them out?” (Matthew 12:26, New International Version). He collected their
beliefs and rearranged them through questioning. An excellent evaluation question posed to His disciples was,
“But what about you? Who do you say I am” (Mark 8:29). In Matthew we find Jesus helping His disciples create
their future in their minds as He laid out what it takes to be a disciple. He states, “What value is there in gaining
the whole world and losing your own soul” (Matthew 16:26 Clear Word Version)? As an integral part of each
lesson, I would encourage teachers to carefully develop 2-3 crucial questions of increasing rigor that will challenge
students, engage them, and lead them to the essential lesson points identified as important for learning.
What can we learn from Jesus about asking questions? Zuck (1995) lists the following suggestions that we
might follow in our classrooms: ask questions that challenge, that are clear, specific and brief, ask a variety of
questions, use Bloom’s Taxonomy, and ask questions in an atmosphere of acceptance and respect. White (1941)
states that when Jesus asked questions, “He watched the faces of His hearers, marked the lighting up of the
countenance, the quick responsive glance, which told the truth had reached the soul; and there vibrated in His
heart the answering chord of sympathetic joy” (p. 141). Tolbert (1999) reported that Jesus asked many questions
that brought His listeners to the conclusions He had hoped. We can see from Jesus’ example alone, that questions
are a very powerful method of teaching. The use of a good question can not only stimulate the thinking process, it
can lead to the discovery of truth. DeGarmo (1911) said, “To question well is to teach well” (p. 179).
Conclusion
The teaching methods of Jesus identified in this paper are methods that can be utilized and duplicated in
every classroom, from Sabbath School to the university. From Table 2, we can see how each content area
professor/teacher is able to adopt a certain teaching method of Jesus that perhaps best suits his/her area.
Even though specific content areas were identified as being best suited for a particular method, I would
encourage all teachers to follow His example and use one or more of His methods in every classroom session. It’s
clear: speak with authority, use visual props, incorporate repetition, tell great stories, look for teachable moments,
find appropriate sayings, get your students’ attention, bring in humor, speak from experience, provide hands-on
experiences, and utilize good questions. These were His methods. Now let us follow His command, “Go ye
therefore and teach all nations” (Matthew 28:19 American King James Version).
Teaching Methods of Jesus 16
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