GCTG 111 • The travel industry, therefore, refers to the

numerous aspects of the wider service

Week 2 – Lesson 1
industry which cater for the needs and
The Tourism Industry desires of those who have travelled from
one part of the world to another.
United Nations – World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO) Defining Tourist

The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is • Someone who travels at least 80 km from
the United Nations agency responsible for his or her home for at least 24 hours, for
the promotion of responsible, sustainable, business or leisure or other reasons.
and universally accessible tourism.
• A tourist is a person who travels to and
As the leading international organization in stays in places outside their usual
the field of tourism, UNWTO promotes environment for more than 24 hours and
tourism as a driver of economic growth, not more than one consecutive year for
inclusive development and environmental leisure, business, and other purposes.
sustainability and offers leadership and
- United Nations World Tourism
support to the sector in advancing
Organization (UNWTO)
knowledge and tourism policies worldwide.
The United Nations World Tourism
Defining Tourism
Organization (1995) helps us break down
• Tourism is a social, cultural, and economic this definition further by stating tourists can
phenomenon which entails the movement be:
of people to countries or places outside
1. Domestic – residents of a given
their usual environment for personal or
country travelling only within that
business/professional purposes.
country.
• Tourism comprises the activities of 2. Inbound – non-residents travelling
persons traveling to and staying in places in a given country.
outside their usual environment for more 3. Outbound – residents of one
than 24 hours and not more than one country travelling in another
consecutive year for leisure, business and country.
other purposes.“
The Tourism Industry in 2019
- United Nations World Tourism
• 1.5 billion international tourist arrivals
Organization (UNWTO)
were recorded in 2019, globally.
Defining Travel
• The Middle East has emerged as the
• Travel refers to the act of moving from one fastest-growing region for international
location to another. This can refer to long- tourism arrivals in 2019, growing at almost
distance travel, short-distance travel, double the global average (+8%). Growth in
overseas travel, domestic travel, and various Asia and the Pacific slowed down but still
other forms. Crucially, travel also includes showed above-average growth, with
both round trips and one-way journeys, and international arrivals up 5%.
it covers a wide variety of different travel
• Europe where growth was also slower
purposes.
than in previous years (+4%) continues to
lead in terms of international arrivals
numbers, welcoming 743 million
Tourism Industry Elements
international tourists last year (51% of the
global market). The Americas (+2%) showed Transportation – includes airlines and
a mixed picture as many island destinations airports, trains, buses, taxis, private
in the Caribbean consolidated their recovery automobiles, boats and ferries, the servicing
after the 2017 hurricanes while arrivals fell and repair of these transportation modes,
in South America due partly to ongoing and travel agents and tour companies that
social and political turmoil. Limited data facilitate transportation.
available for Africa (+4%) points to
Accommodation – include hotels, motels,
continued strong results in North Africa
resorts, campgrounds, the homes of friends
(+9%) while arrivals in Sub-Saharan Africa
and relatives, cruise ships, accommodation
grew slower in 2019 (+1.5%).
booking agencies and businesses that
The Tourism Industry Classification System service these different accommodations.
Given the sheer size of the tourism industry, Food & Beverage – includes all forms of
it can be helpful to break it down into broad restaurants and eateries (including those in
industry groups using a common hotels and at attraction sites), other
classification system. The tourism-related providers of food and drink to tourists
groupings created are (in alphabetical (including grocery stores), wholesalers who
order): sell food and drink to restaurants, and
businesses that provide other services to
1. Accommodation
restaurants and food providers.
2. Food and beverage services
(commonly known as “F & B”) Tourist Attraction – a physical or cultural
3. Recreation and entertainment feature of a particular place that individual
4. Transportation travelers or tourists perceive as capable of
5. Travel services meeting one or more of their specific
leisure-related needs.
These industry groups are based on the
similarity of the “labor processes and - Positive or favorable attributes of an
inputs” used for each. For instance, the area for a given activity or set of
types of employees and resources required activities as desired by a given
to run an accommodation business — customer of market, including
whether it be a hotel, motel, or even a climate, scenery, activity, culture.
campground — are quite similar. All these
Activities and Attractions Industry
businesses need staff to check in guests,
provide housekeeping, employ maintenance Attractions
workers, and provide a place for people to
sleep. As such, they can be grouped • NATURAL – botanical, zoological,
together under the heading of mountain, seaside parks, are wonders that
accommodation. The same is true of the lure travelers to enjoy the natural beauty
other four groupings, and the rest of this and the inspiration they provide.
text explores these industry groups, and
other aspects of tourism, in more detail.
• MAN-MADE – historic sites, prehistory,  Miscellaneous Services – insurance,
archaeological sites, cultural, religious sites, hospitals, clinics, police, sanitary
inspired to learn more of contemporary and companies, laundry, construction,
long-vanished civilizations. engineering, security, drug stores,
etc.
Activities
Modern Tourism
• LEISURE – defines as freedom resulting
from the stoppage of work activities. It is Modern tourism is bringing Increasing
time that is free of duties. It can numbers of tourists worldwide, both
participatory or passive. international and domestic, resulting in
increasing social, economic and
• RECREATION – refreshment of strength
environmental impacts on at multiple
and spirit after work and mean of diversion.
geographic scales.
Travel Trade
Tourist motivations reflect a variety of needs
- It is made up of travel managers and and shape tourist decision making and
tour operators, also called as behavior.
intermediaries, or middle men, and
Tourism geography has evolved from being
tour guides.
highly focused on place description in the
Other Private Entities earlier periods, whereas today the focus is
more on understanding tourism
 Publishing Companies – producers
development and the relationship between
of print and electronic news,
tourists and place, reflecting the rise in
features, and advertising.
critical and cultural turns in geographic
 ITC Service Providers – these
theory and research, including modernity,
includes Central Reservation
mobility, globalization, production,
Systems (CRS) and Global
consumption, identity, and sustainability.
Distribution Systems (GDS)
 Marketing and Public Service 1. Geography
Organizations – planning and 2. Globalization
publicity and sales campaigns, 3. Leisure
selecting target markets, selecting 4. Mobility
media, providing market researches, 5. Recreation
discovering new markets. 6. Relational Geography
 Event Organizers – plans and 7. Sustainability
executes MICE events, negotiates 8. Tourism
hotel rates for events, planning 9. Tourism Inversions
meetings, seminars planning, 10. Tourist Motivation
budgeting, coordination with
stakeholders, promotions and public
GCTG 111
relations.
 Social Media Sites – valuable tool for Week 2 – Lesson 2
costless marketing, thru Facebook,
The Six Inhabited Continents of the World:
Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest,
Its Geography, Facts and Figures
Snapchat, etc.
The word continent is used to differentiate land area, and the least populated
between various large land areas of Earth continent.
into which all the land surface of the planet
Antarctica is an island and is completely
is divided. The term refers to the 'mountain
surrounded by the Southern Ocean. High
top' regions of the Earth not flooded by
winds, extremely cold temperatures, lack of
water, dry land.
vegetation, and a very dry desert makes the
The level of the surrounding water climate of Antarctica highly inhospitable.
ultimately defines the shape and borders of Despite this, a number of species have
continents. More water implies less land adapted to the environment. This includes
and different outlines. Even more water, like seals, penguins, and a number of plants and
that stored away as ice in the poles and bacteria.
glaciers, and you might live on a water
The only human presence in Antarctica are
planet, no continents.
scientists who live on the island on a
A continent is "a large, continuous area of temporary basis. It is also possible to visit
land on Earth." All continents of the Earth Antarctica as a tourist.
together make up about one-third of the
What is a map?
total surface of the planet. The fact is, more
than two-thirds of the Earth's surface is - A map is a drawing or other
covered by water. representation, usually on a flat
surface, of all or part of the earth's
The landmasses of the Earth are unequally
surface, ordinarily showing
distributed, two-thirds of the continental
countries, bodies of water, cities,
landmass is located in the Northern
mountains, etc.
Hemisphere (the upper half of the globe,
north of the equator). Why is that? This Maps and Map Readings
might be just a feature of our current point
Physical Maps – A rectangular flat map that
in geological time because some million
features the natural geographical features of
years ago, the bulk of the planet's landmass
the earth’s land mass.
was in the Southern Hemisphere.
Political Maps – A rectangular flat map that
The Six Inhabited Continents of the World
features the political boundaries.
namely:
Locator Maps – Are maps with grids with
1. North America
horizontal numbered squares on top and
2. South America
lettered vertical squares on the side of small
3. Europe
geographical areas used to locate hotels,
4. Africa
attractions and the like.
5. Asia
6. Australia and Oceania Nautical Charts – A rectangular flat map
that provide general indications of the
The 7th continent of the world, located at
ocean’s depth in fathoms and the
the South Pole, Antarctica has no
characteristics of the sea bottom (sandy,
permanent population and no countries. It
coral, mud)
is reserved for use as a scientific base.
Antarctica is the fifth largest continent by You can see our continents on a map or a
globe.
 - A globe is a three-dimensional scale The seven continents are:
model of Earth.
1. Asia
- The word "globe" comes from the
2. Australia
Latin word globus, meaning round
3. Africa
mass or sphere.
4. Antarctica
5. North America
6. South America
7. Europe

It is seen that each continent has a special

The Supercontinent and the Continental shape. Some of these continents are
Drift Theory connected while the water separates others.

 Only Six of the Continents are

Inhabited.
Pangea or Pangaea
Asia – being the largest of the continents
- a supercontinent that existed on the
covers around one-third of the world’s total
Earth millions of years ago and
land area.
covered one-third of its surface.
- Ancient Greek word means “all - Asia is known for its vast size and
lands” incomparable character.
- Alfred Wegener - It stretches all the way from East
Japan to the southeast Arabian
The scene of history is continuously moving
Peninsula, which is more than 8500
land masses.
kilometers away.
The World’s Continents - It encompasses the entire climate
and expanse, be it the equatorial
Did you know that approximately 70% of the
rain forest or the arctic tundra.
Earth’s surface is covered by water alone
- We also get to see the highest and
and the other 30% are covered by land?
lowest points of the earth’s surface
What is a landmass? in Asia. The highest being, Mount
Everest (8, 848 meters) and the
- Land mass refers to the total area lowest is the shore of the Dead Sea
refers to the total area of a country (397 meters below sea level).
or geographical region of a country
or geographical region (which may Africa – is the second largest of the
include discontinuous (which may continents, covers around 22% of the
include discontinuous pieces of land world’s land area.
such as islands).
- The Equator intersects it and the
This land has been divided into seven main expansive landmass covers the
areas. Each area is called a continent. Sahara, which is the world’s largest
desert, and the Nile, the longest
What is a continent? river on earth, as well as 53 nations.
- A continent is one of several large - Most of Africa is a desert region.
landmasses on Earth. - This continent is basically divided
into three regions, which are the
 northern plateau, the central - The Ural Mountains, the Ural River,
southern plateau, and the eastern part of the Caspian Sea, and the
highlands. This includes plains, Caucasus Mountains forms the main
swampy coastal regions, lush boundary between Europe and Asia.
tropical forests with savannah’s and Lot of geographers also see the two
hilly plateaus inland. continents as one and call it Eurasia.
- It is the home for many exotic large - Europe has more or less a radial
mammals, which include the zebras, pattern of drainage. Most streams
giraffes, gazelles, elephants, flow outward from the core of the
hippopotamuses, and rhinoceroses, continent.
antelopes, and carnivores such as
Antarctica – sixth largest of the continents
lions, leopards, hyenas, and
panthers. - Ice bound throughout the year.
- The marine life is rich, and it
North America – twice the size of Europe.
includes a krill, a shrimp like
- America has irregular coastline with organism that is a food source for
many prominent offshore islands, large number of whales in the
including Greenland, which is the surrounding waters.
largest island in the world. - Antarctica has no trees, flowering
- North American wildlife was once plants, grasses. The vegetation is
abundant but after people started limited to or about species, which
inhabiting this land, the numbers mostly encompasses of lichens,
have decreased. mosses and algae.
- More than 1,700 species of birds - Antarctica is a true desert due to its
breed and live on this continent. extreme cold climate making it the
coldest, windiest, and driest
South America – is the fourth largest
continent.
continent of the world although it contains
- Its average temperature is around -
less than 12% of the world’s population.
50°C (-58°F), and the land is swept
- The Andes, the world’s largest by hurricanes and the annual rainfall
mountain range is seen in south is only around 50 millimeters a year.
America. The second largest river –
Australia – is the smallest of the seven
Amazon also runs through south
continents.
America.
- The lowland consists mainly of the - The interiors of the continent are
amazon basin, which is covered in predominantly plains. The southeast
the equatorial region. These areas and the southwest plains are the
are of the wet tropical climate and most densely settled areas of
have a dense cover of rain forest. It Australia.
is the home for many exotic animals. - Australia is known for its vast
wildlife with rare species, and it’s
Europe – fifth largest continent
known as the land of the kangaroos.
- Also known as “Europa”. Europa was - Aborigines are the original
the daughter of phoenix in Greek inhabitants of Australia.
mythology. - Australians are known to have an
ethnic sort of origin.
- One of the interesting features of
Australia is the “Great Barrier Reef”
which is the world’s largest coral
reef.