REVIEWER IN DIASS - It is a SCIENCE based on

much research and empirical

I. LESSON 1: THE APPLIED SOCIAL evidence. It is NOT...fortune
SCIENCE telling or astrology It is
NOT...common sense. Many
 Social Science psychological studies have
- The study of people individuals proved to be the opposite of
common sense.
and as member of groups
(examples: family’s - Psychology- the scientific
communities, societies, peer, study of behavior and mental
groups) processes.
- Social Science are the - Mental processes- the
systematic studies of people, thoughts, feelings, and motives
their activities, customs, and that each of us experience
relationship – essentially, it’s the privately but cannot be
observed.
study of human behavior.
- As a science, psychology uses
 The Field of Social Science systematic approaches to
observe, describe, predict, and
1. Anthropology: Gk. “Anthropos”
explain human behavior and
(man) + “logos” (study) = study of mental processes.
man 5. Political Science
- Branch of knowledge which - The study of the processes,
deals with the scientific study principles and structure of
of man, his works, body, Government and of political
behavior and values within a institutions.
specific time and space.
6. Geography
2. Economics
- The scientific study of the
- production, distribution, and
location of people and activities
use of goods and services.
- Simple Definition: The study of across the Earth, and the
how people meet their needs. reasons for their distribution.
3. History 7. Linguistics
- History is the study of the past to - Is the scientific study of human
put it simply. But there is more languages. It focuses on three
to it than this simple definition. aspects of language: form,
- Studying history requires you to meaning, and context.
gather and examine evidence. 8. Sociology
Without evidence there is no - The systematic study of human
history! social behavior, relationships,
4. Psychology institutions, and societies.
- Psychology can be defined as
the discipline concerned with
behavior and mental processes
and how they are affected by an
organism's physical state, mental
state, and external environment.
 Other Applied Social Science 7. IT Management
Disciplines - IT management refers to the
1. Accounting monitoring and administration of
- This field provides business an organization's information
principles and other applied skills technology systems: hardware,
in the area of accounting. It software and networks. IT
provides an understanding of an management focuses on how to
individual, group, or institutional make information systems
finances, including budget and operate efficiently. Just as
cost analyses, payroll, auditing, important, it's about helping
and taxes, among others. people work better.
2. Business Administration 8. Marketing
- This specializes in the operations - The activity or business of
and management of business promoting and selling products
institutions. or services, including market
3. Communication research and advertising.
- A process by which information 9. Policy Studies
is exchanged between - Is a subdiscipline of political
individuals through a common science that includes the
system of symbols, signs, or analysis of the process of
behavior. policymaking (the policy process)
4. Criminology and the contents of policy (policy
- Criminology is the study of crime analysis).
and criminal behavior. 10. Public Administration
5. Healthcare Management - This field is concerned with the
- is the planning, administration, implementation of government
and management of all health policy. It is also an academic
care systems, hospitals, and discipline that studies policy
other medical facilities. Health implementation and prepares
care management roles are civil servants for working in the
crucial to the overall operations public service.
of the healthcare system. 11. Social Work
6. Human Resources and - Is a profession in which trained
Organizational Development professionals are devoted to
- Organizational development in helping vulnerable people and
HR involves changes and communities work through
improvement of the processes challenges they face in everyday
and structures that are part of life.
HR's responsibility. These
include processes and systems
related to performance
management, talent
management, diversity,
employee wellness, and so on.
 12. Urban Planning  Counseling as a Process
- Is the process of developing and - Counseling is a form of 'talk
designing urban areas to meet therapy'. It is a process where an
the needs of a community. The individual, couple or family meet
practice draws from a number of with a trained professional
disciplines—architecture, counselor to talk about issues
engineering, economics, and problems that they are
sociology, public health, finance, facing in their lives. Professional
and more—and strives to counseling is confidential and
prepare cities and towns for the non- judgmental.
future.  Counseling as a Relationship
- The interaction between
II. LESSON 2: COUNSELING counselor and client in which the
relationship is professional yet
 Counseling also characterized by empathic
- A helping process in which warmth and authenticity, with the
clients learn how to use their counselor bringing professional
personal resources to make training, experience, and
decisions/choices, and formulate personal insight to bear on the
new ways of behaving, feeling problems revealed by the client.
and thinking.  Counseling as a Science
- It is a special kind of relationship - It is a science because it
aimed at helping clients respond employs scientific methods in a
to the challenges of their lives. professional environment to help
- It uses specific skills and clients deal effectively with their
techniques to help people problems. It is an art because
become more competent, how effective methods may be
contended and creative. used, the counselor must have
 Common Misconceptions About the knack to handle the client
Mental Services: well.
1. A person seeing a counselor, a  Counseling as an Art
psychologist, or any mental - In the process where counselors
health practitioner has mental become flexible, creative, and
illness. are able to give of themselves,
2. "Counseling means giving the subjective realm of
advice” counseling is then explored.
3. Counseling is part of the  Difference Between Guidance and
Discipline Board Psychotherapy
4. "A counselor is a problem-solver” - Counseling concerns with
helping clients make changes.
- Guidance is more focused on
helping people identify their
values and help them make
important life changes. This
usually takes place in schools
and career centers.
 - Psychotherapy deals with
treating serious mental health
problems. It usually takes place
in clinical settings.
 Counseling as an Emerging
Profession
- Counseling, as a helping
profession, significantly
flourished in the 20th century. It
is "an emerging profession... a
service sought by people in
distress or in some degree of
confusion who wish to discuss
and resolve these in a
relationship which is more
disciplined and confidential than
friendship, and perhaps less
stigmatizing than helping
relationships offered in
traditional or psychiatric
settings" (Feltham and Dryden
as quoted in McLeod 2003, 7).
- As professionals, counselors
have the opportunity to assist
their clients in making choices
and solving their problems in
various settings, such as - Actualize their goals, for
schools, communities, offices, instance, a junior high school
and clinical settings. student who is intelligent but is
not performing well in class may
 Goals of Counseling undergo counseling to help him
1. Facilitating behavior change determine reasons of his low
2. Improving the client's ability to performance and discover ways
establish and maintain of overcoming perceived
relationships. obstacles.
3. Enhancing the client's
effectiveness and ability to cope
4. Promoting decision-making
process
5. Facilitating client potential and
development
 his/her abilities, interests, and
needs” (GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELING ACT OF 2004).
 Roles of Counselors (According
to Shertzer and Stone (1974)
1. Quasi-administrator
2. Generalist
3. Specialist
4. Agent for change
5. Specialist in psychological
education
6. Applied behavioral scientist
7. Contingency manager
8. Consultant
9. Helping professional
 Roles of Counselors (According
to Erford (2014)
- The role of professional
counselor is important in school
to assist students in their
academic well-being.
1. Providers of individual and group
counselling services
2. Developmental classroom
guidance specialists
3. Leaders and advocates of
academic success
4. Career development specialists
III. LESSON 3: THE 5. Agents of diversity and
PROFESSIONALS AND multiculturalism
PRACTITIONERS IN COUNSELING 6. Advocates of students with
special needs and student-at-risk
 Counselors 7. Advocates of safe school
- Are professionally trained environment
individuals who help clients 8. School and community specialist
experiencing difficulties by  Allied Mental Health Professionals
engaging them in the counseling 1. Psychologist
process. In the Philippines, 2. Psychiatrist
counselors or guidance 3. Neurologist
counselors, as they are popularly 4. Social worker
known, are professionals who
use an “integrated approach to
the development of well-
functioning individual primarily by
helping him/her maximize his/her
potentials to the fullest and plan
his/her future in accordance with
 Functions of Counselors  Personal Qualities of Counselor
(According to Gibson and Michael (Glading 2009 – Foster 1969 – Guy
2008) 1987)
- Cite the traditional functions of 1. Curiosity and inquisitiveness
counselors which are observable 2. Ability to listen
across different work settings. 3. Comfort with conversation
4. Empathy and understanding
1. Counseling 5. Emotional insightfulness
- Core function of counselors 6. Introspection
- Focuses on the client’s growth, 7. Capacity for self-denial
adjustment, problem solving, and 8. Tolerance of intimacy
decision-making needs 9. Comfort with power
- Individually or group 10. Ability to laugh
2. Assessment
- Gathering information about the
clients
- Administer standardized test
- Gather non-test data through
observation, case study, and
anecdotal records
3. Career Assistance
- Focused on helping clients to
explore their career options
- Help determine which career
best suits them
- Provided career education and
counseling IV. LESSON 4: THE CLIENTELE AND
AUDIENCES OF COUNSELING
- Placement and Follow-up
- Referral  Individuals and groups of people
- Consultation who receive service from various
- Research counseling professions constitute
- Evaluation and accountability the clientele and audience. These
- Prevention individuals and groups vary in their
 Competencies of Counselors needs and context where they avail
1. Knowledge of counseling services.
2. Skills (Mcleod 2003)
- Interpersonal Skills
- Conceptual Ability
- Ability to understand and work
within social systems
3. Attitudes
  The Individuals as Client of
Counseling
- The most common type of
counseling is the individualized
type. The individual who needs
to be helped to manage well a
life-changing situation or
personal problem or crisis and
other support needs may
undergo counseling as an
individual. Problems like
alcoholism, loss of job, divorce,
imprisonment, and rehabilitation
 Needs of Various Types of
can cause of shame and
Clientele and Audiences of
embarrassment. Without
Counseling
acquiring enough strength ad
ability to go through such life
experience, people are
vulnerable and may come out
worse.
 The Community as Client of
Counseling
- When people experience
something collectively, which
may be socially troubling and
constitute the danger of blocking
their collective capacity to move
on, counseling is necessary to
be undertaken on a community
level.

V. LESSON 5: THE SETTINGS,

PROCESSES, METHODS, AND
TOOLS IN COUNSELING
 Counselors work in various settings-
from government to private sectors,
to civil society to school setting.
Drawing on a wide range of
processes, methods, and tools,
counselors are trained to use what is
appropriate for the setting and
relative to their specialty. There are
classical approaches informed by
theories to counseling that scaffold
their process and selection of
methods and tools.
 2. Behaviorism

 Counseling Approaches
1. Psychoanalysis

- Behavior and mental processes

are determined by our
environment all psychological
disorders are a result of
maladaptive learning that all
- represented by Sigmund Freud
behavior is learnt from our
- a theory of personality, an
approach to psychotherapy, and environment and symptoms are
acquired through classical and
method of investigation founded
operant conditioning
by Sigmund Freud
- Classical conditioning – involves
- the assumption is that there are
inner battles that are waged in a learning by association;
introduced by Ivan Pavlov
client that are directly
responsible for the appearance
of symptoms and behavioral
problems
- emphasizes the role of early
childhood experiences
- early childhood experiences:
dictate us of who we are as an
adult

- Operant Conditioning – involves

learning by reinforcement;
introduced by B.F. Skinner
- The therapeutic techniques used
in this type of treatment are
action-based and rooted in the
theories of classical conditioning
and operant conditioning and
utilize the same learning
strategies that led to the
 formation of unwanted
behaviors. Behavioral therapy
tends to be highly focused on
teaching clients’ new behaviors
to minimize or eliminate the
issue.
3. Humanistic Perspective

- behavior and mental processes

are determined by our need to
fulfill our potential
- attempted to understand the
conscious mind, free will, human
dignity, and the capacity for self-
reflection and growth
- the human potential for change
requires only exercise of the
distinctively human capacities for
choice, creativity, and drive
toward self-actualization
- humanistic therapeutic models
are rooted in insight and focus
on self-development, growth,
and responsibilities
- they seek to gain self-
empowerment by recognizing
their strengths, creativity and
choice in the given
circumstances
  Counseling Processes
- Establishing rapport
- Assessment – data gathering,
interviews behavioral
observations, psychological tests
– to determine most appropriate
intervention strategies
- Treatment planning – to respond
to the client’s needs, through
which he or she chooses the
order according to his or her
concerns.
- Intervention and problem solving
– used to assist the client gain
insight into the situation and
eventually take the appropriate
actions that will facilitate change
and improve the quality of his or
her life.
- Evaluation – provided to
determine if treatment goals are
realized.
 Counseling Services - Termination – this process
- Orientation and information – happens when outcomes are
focus on providing information evaluated and, ideally, when the
and development experiences counselor and the counselee
such as coping stress, have mutually agreed that goals
developing effective study habits, have already been achieved.
and managing anger.
- Individual inventory service –
provided to obtain pertinent
information to the client
- Psychological testing – provided
to assess the client’s cognitive
aspect, interest, socio-emotional
being, or behavioral tendencies.
- Referral service – provided to
support clients in finding the
needed expert assistance
regarding their problem or
concern.
- This service is provided to
strengthen the quality of
programs and services given to
clients.