UNIT 1: PRESENT TENSES

Exercise 1:
1 is always tasting 2 do you think 3 has 4 don’t see

5 Are you having 6 tastes 7 am thinking 8 is seeing

Exercise 2:
2. walk 3. turn on 4. start 5. is giving 6. ‘m trying
7. ‘s working 8. ‘m writing 9. is considering 10. I think 11. spend
12. make 13. have 14. ‘m doing 15. love

Exercise 3:
1 have you taken 2 I have been working / I have worked 3 have come 4 haven’t had 5 have
you been 6 haven’t walked 7 have been doing 8 haven’t finished 9 have you seen 10 have you
eaten

Exercise 4:
1. am thinking 2. tastes 3. is having 4. are being 5. is feeling
6. is 7. Suppose / belongs
Exercise 5:
1 have never come 2 have had/have been getting 3 am leading/ am preparing/ am trying 4
is/function 5 is /deals 6 don’t like / work 7 has/ requires 8 have you managed 9 has had 10
have you been doing 11 have run 12 has done 13 has been going down 14 have you called 15
have been walking 16 have been writing/ have only written

Exercise 6
1c 2c 3d 4c 5c 6c 7d 8b 9c 10 a 11 d 12 a 13 d
14 b 15 c

Exercise 7:
1. has gone to Italy
2. never ridden a camel
3. has been sleeping for
4. has been dieting since
5. has played tennis professionally
 UNIT 2: PAST TENSES
Exercise 1:
1. A 2. A 3. B

Exercise 2:
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. ? 5. T

Exercise 3:
1. have been married 2. didn’t happen 3. met 4. had 5. Thought
6. called up 7. asked 8. wanted 9. made 10. Led
11. ’ve never met 12. has always loved 13. ’ve never been able

Exercise 4:
1 had found/ immediately went and turned 2 arrived/ wasn’t /wasn’t studying
3 has been living / had been living 4 had already begun
5 turned/ heard/ hadn’t heard/brought 6 ran/ hadn’t seen/ had changed/ enjoyed/
asked 7 entered/recognized/ had lost/ had grown

Exercise 5:
1b 2c 3d 4a 5c 6b 7b 8c 9b 10 a 11 c 12 b 13 d
14 b 15 d

Exercise 6:
1C 2B 3A 4D 5C 6C 7B 8B 9D 10 B 12 C

Extension
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B
 UNIT 3: FUTURE TENSES

Exercise 1:
1. are going to – c
2. see- f
3. will be lying – e
4. opens – a
5. will do – d
6. is going to -c
7. won’t – d
8. are meeting - b
Exercise 2:
1. l'll sign 2. The cat is going to knock 3. She'll do 4. we get
5. l'm not leaving 6. l'll be relaxing 7. is going to start
8. will life change 9. will have landed 10. you'll have been working, l'll be
happy

Exercise 3:
1. will stop 2. will probably try 3. is going to 4. are going to
5. they'll succeed 6. He's going to 7. They're going to 8. They'll probably let

Exercise 4:
1. we will be lying
2. we will have been married
3. will be doing
4. will have built the new school
5. I will have written
7. Will have cut down
8. is going to hit
 TENSE REVIEW
Exercise 1
1. Has just moved 2. Has been living 3. Offered 4. Is 5. Are 6. Was working
7. sent 8. Didn’t accept 9. Is meeting 10. Likes 11. Misses 12. Have been 13.
Started 14. Were working 15. Got 16. Helped 17. Gave 18. Brought

Exercise 2:
1. They hadn’t gone on a gondola ride yet. --- haven’t
2. Igor doesn’t go with us to Toledo today --- isn’t coming/ going
3. I’ll have returned to Barcelona by the time you will get to Manila.
4. I promised to be ready, but when he arrived, I took a shower. --- was taking
5. I hope the dinner will be ready soon. It’s smelling delicious. ---- smells
6. Akiko and Jaime have done a great job --- had done
7. We haven't been visiting Venice since 2001. --- haven’t visited
8. There didn't used to be a factory on this comer, did there?
9. The plane has just taken off when I realized ---- had
10. Come along next Monday- the band was practicing in the afternoon.--- will be practicing

Exercise 3:
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C

Exercise 4:
1. a. are b. 're being
2. a. has written b. has been writing
3. a. are having b. have
4. a. has been developing b. has developed

Relative Clauses

Exercise 1: Right (✓) or wrong ()? Correct the wrong sentences.

1 This is the programme I was telling you about. ✓

2 Is this the train that it goes to the mountains? X
3 She told her boss she'd overslept, that which was absolutely true. X
4 My son, that who is very tall, enjoys playing basketball. X
5 The employee to who whom I spoke gave me some incorrect information. X
6 Everyone in my family always eats that what I cook. X
7 The Canary Islands, which are situated off the coast of Africa, are a popular tourist
destination. ✓
8 The woman who whose suitcase disappeared is a friend of mine.
9 Did you hear what I just said? X
10 The bag what that/ which / - I bought last week is already broken! X

Exercise 2: Join the sentences with a relative pronoun. Be careful with the punctuation.
1. His girlfriend, who is an architect, is very intelligent.
2. They gave us a present, which was a complete surprise.
3. I didn’t understand what he was saying.
4. The car which/that crashed into mine was a Mini.
5. The police officer who/whom/ that I spoke to was working on the reception desk.
6. Our computer, which we bought two months ago, keeps on crashing.
7. The things which/that I left on the table aren’t there anymore.
8. It’s too hot in my flat, which makes it impossible to sleep.

Exercise 3:
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A
Exercise 4:
4 The thing that I most regret is not going to university.
5 My two daughters, who are 16 and 13, are both interested in dancing
6 The town where I was born has changed dramatically. (no change)
7 I didn’t like the clothes which were in the sale. (no change)
8 Salt that comes from the sea is considered to be the best for cooking. (no change)
9 Salt, whose qualities have been known since prehistoric times, is used to season and
preserve food.
10 The CD that I bought yesterday doesn’t work.
11The part of Europe where I'd most like to live is Portugal. (no change)
12 The Algarve where my mother’s family comes from is famous for its beautiful beaches and
dramatic coastline. (no change)

Exercise: 5
1.A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A

UNIT 4 - MODAL VERBS

Shrek Activity
We use it to give present advice had better
We use it for present necessity/ obligation has to, has got to, mustn’t
We use it to give past advice should have V3, shouldn’t have V3
We use it for past necessity/ obligation had to
We use it for lack of necessity do/does not have to
Exercise 1
1. Have to
2. Had better not
3. Might, could
4. Have to, must
Exercise 2
1. Ought to
2. Had better have
3. Should have stayed
4. Were supposed to go
5. Had to
6. Shouldn’t
7. Have got to
8. Must
9. Can’t
10. Could not
11. May not
12. Had to
13. Don’t have to
14. I’m not supposed to
Exercise 3
1. Must
2. Cannot
 3. Have to
4. Must
5. May not
6. Must not
7. Do not have to /shouldn’t
8. May not
9. Do not have to
10. Do not have to
4.2 PAST MODALS OF SPECULATION AND CONCLUSION
Exercise 1
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. A
Exercise 2
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. B
Exercise 3
1. Was supposed to work
2. Had better/ should – will be/ can’t be/ mustn’t be/ shouldn’t be
3. Need not have bothered
4. Has to/ must/ has got to
5. Do not have to work – had to
6. Had to – had to/ was supposed to
7. Had better/should be – do I always have to go
8. Must have left – have to
9. Mustn’t/ can’t/ aren’t supposed to-had better not
10. Have to/ must
11. Have to/ have got to/must – might/could/may be finished – must/ have to/ am
supposed to
12. Had better/ should
13. Had better/ must

UNIT 5 - GERUNDS & INFINITIVES

Farmer Jones and his wife
1. Buy
2. To tell
3. Smoking
 4. To fly
5. Writing
6. To help
7. Making
8. To be
9. Building
10. Not to spend
Exercise 1
1. Going
2. Telling
3. Having
4. To speak
5. Carry/ to carry
6. Cooking
7. To help
8. Going
9. To bring
10. Taking
11. To visit
12. Going
13. To start
14. Getting
15. To speak
16. Going
17. To work
18. Being
19. Waiting
20. To be
21. To find
22. Smoking
23. Smoking
24. Eating
25. doing
26. Buying
Exercise 2
1. To cross
2. To win
3. To give
4. Riding
5. To find
6. Discovering
7. To reach
8. To complete
9. To arrive
 10. Crossing
Exercise 3
1. Run
2. Write
3. Thinking
4. Destroy
5. Working
6. Being
7. To write
8. Talking
9. Cooking
10. To find out
Exercise 4
1. Drinking
2. To reach
3. To get
4. Opening
5. To get
6. Getting
7. Smoking
8. Studying
9. To have
10. To have
11. To buy
12. To pick
13. Locking
14. Learning
15. To bring
16. Going
17. To bring
18. Eating
19. To tell
20. Telling
Exercise 5
1. Went on promoting
2. Stop worrying
3. Try opening
4. I regret lying
5. Remembered to check
6. Meant spending
Exercise 6
1. Explain
 2. To do
3. Trying
4. Getting
5. Calling - Not to tell
6. Doing
7. To find
8. Staying
9. Getting
10. To go
11. Forget/ to forget
12. To go
13. Going
14. To call
Exercise 7 (Mistakenly written as Exercise 6)
1. Solve / to solve
2. Losing
3. Use
4. To advise
5. To eat
6. To call
7. Playing
8. To be
9. Going
10. Using
11. To repair
12. Laugh

Level 4 Passive Voice Answer Key

Exercise 1:
1. stole 2. was caught 3. was mugged 4. discovered
5. took 6. was met 7. found 8. were informed
9. was arrested 10. being interrogated11. ordered 12. is called
13. to be held 14. belonged 15. be sent 16. support

Exercise 2:
1. Your situation is currently being discussed.
2. Every question had been answered by the class
3. X
4. Some medicine should be prescribed by the doctor.
5. All those dresses might have been sold.
6. The final decision is going to be made by the council at the next meeting.
Exercise 3:
1. The road was closed for the accident.
2. My handbag has been stolen.
3. My house is being painted.
4. A meeting will be held tomorrow.
5. They were fined for travelling without a ticket.
6. You can be arrested for drink-driving.
7. Miranda thinks she was being followed last night.
8. The house had been sold five years earlier.

Exercise 4:
1. C 2. B 3. E 4. D 5. F 6. A

Exercise 5:
1. It is believed that the burglar is a local man.
The burglar is believed to be a local man.
2. It is said that the muggers are very dangerous.
The muggers are said to be very dangerous
3. It is thought that the robber entered through an open window.
The robber is thought to have entered through an open window.
4. It is said that the murderer has disappeared.
The murderer is said to have disappeared.
5. It is expected that the trial will last three weeks.
The trial is expected to last three weeks.

UNIT 9- CONDITIONALS
2. Now read the sentences and choose the correct words in italics. The highlighted
grammar examples will help you.
1. Steal
2. In case
3. Knew
4. Unless
5. Wouldn’t
6. Be
7. Didn’t
Exercise 1
1. If the twins hadn’t worn different clothes, we could have told them apart.
2. If you tell me what the instructions say, I’ll try to follow them.
3. If people used public transport, there would be less pollution.
4. If you don’t wear a sweater, you might not be warm enough.
5. If I hadn’t seen the product advertised, I wouldn’t have bought it.
Exercise 2
 1. Are – didn’t
2. Hasn’t – doesn’t
3. Didn’t take – have to
4. Giving advice
5. Is
6. Unlikely
7. Had to – don’t
8. Present
Exercise 3
1. .
2. .
3. .
Exercise 4
1. Unless
2. If
3. Unless
4. Unless
Exercise 5
1. Only
2. Could / would
3. Wish
4. You
5. Wish
6. Had
7. Were
8. Had
9. Wish
10. Could
Exercise 7
1. Unless
2. Even if
3. In case
4. Whether

Reported Speech
After you read
1. Tim, 2. Tim, 3. Sheila, 4. Tim, 5. Sheila
Exercise 1: Change the direct speech statements to reported speech.
1. her dad had been a teacher.

2. they had been waiting for hours.

3. he hadn’t gone to the party because he had been too tired.

4. Jane told me that she worked for a bank. Jane said to me that she worked for a bank.

Exercise 2: Change the direct speech statements to reported speech.

1. Emily said that their teacher would go to Leipzig the next day.

2. Victoria said that she had to finish that work the following month.

3. Andrew said that they hadn’t eaten fish two days before.

4. Josh told her she should see him that day.

5. Anna said that they had been there the day before.

Exercise 3: Change the direct speech statements to reported speech.

1. My brother said he was selling all his books the following day.
2. Emma told me she had booked the flights.
3. My mother told me My new dress didn’t suit me.
4. Matt said he might not be able to go to the party that night.
5. Jenny said he wouldn’t wear those shoes again.
6. My girlfriend told me she hadn’t bought me a present the previous week.
7. Rachel said she had to get a dress for the party that day.
8. My sister told me she had found a bargain in the sales the day before.
9. Luke told me he couldn’t find anywhere to park then.
After you read
1, 3, 5, 6

Exercise 4: Read the questions to Helen, a newspaper columnist specializing in health

matters, and report her instructions. Use the reporting verbs in parentheses.
1. …
2. …
3. She said to sip some hot herbal tea with honey, but not to drink black tea. It would
make her throat dry.
4. She told her to sip some hot herbal tea with honey, but not to drink black tea. It
would make her throat dry.
5. She said to pinch the place between her upper lip and her nose. The cramp should
stop right away.
6. She told him to make a toothpaste of one tablespoon of baking soda and a little
 water, and to brush as usual.
7. She said to make a toothpaste of one tablespoon of baking soda and a little
water, and to brush as usual.
8. She told him to spread cool, cooked oatmeal over the rash, and also to try soaking
the rash in a cool bath with a quarter cup of baking soda.
9. She said to spread cool, cooked oatmeal over the rash, and also to try soaking the
rash in a cool bath with a quarter cup of baking soda.
10. She told him not to scratch the rash. That would make it worse.
11. She said to eat onions or garlic every day. His skin would have a slight odour that
bugs hate, or to ask his doctor about vitamin B supplement.
12. She told him to eat onions or garlic every day. His skin would have a slight odour
that bugs hate, or to ask his doctor about vitamin B supplement.
Exercise 5: Change the direct speech statements to reported speech.
1. …
2. Mr Stollins asked what kind of experience I had.
3. Claire asked if/whether there was/were opportunity for promotion.
4. Mr Stollins asked if/whether I was interviewing with other companies.
5. Claire asked what her responsibilities would be.
6. Claire asked how job performance was rewarded.
7. Mr Stollins asked what my starting salary at my last job was.
8. Mr Stollins asked if/whether I had got along well with my last employer.
9. Claire asked if/whether I hired many women.
10. Mr Stollins asked why I had applied for that position.

Exercise 6: Change the direct speech statements to reported speech.

1. Mum asked me if/whether I had seen my glasses.
2. He asked me who would clean the pool.
3. Phil asked me if/whether I had been at the party, too.
4. Ann asked Kate if/whether she really wrote that story.
5. Tim asked who had taken his ruler.
6. Jim asked Sara if/whether she was married.
7. They asked me where I lived.
8. Sally asked John if/whether he had called her.
9. May parents asked me when I was leaving.
10. Jerry asked Candy if/whether she could help her.
Exercise 7: Change the reported speech statements to direct speech.
1. I will never forget the first time I met Frank.
2. Why didn’t you finish your report last week?
3. We must/have to leave before 9.30.
4. Did you buy the food for the camping trip?
5. James lived/has lived here for nearly five years.

Exercise 8: Complete the sentences using reported speech.

1. Were having
 2. Not to
3. Had bought
4. Might not
5. Would
6. If/whether
7. They had interviewed

Causatives
After you read
1. B
2. A
3. B
Exercise 1
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. A
Exercise 2
1. C, have
2. H, made
3. E, made
4. A, got
5. G, let
6. B, had
7. I, had
8. D, let
9. F, made
Exercise 3
1. made Ana (OR her) work
2. had Fernando ( OR him) clean
3. got Uri (OR him) to teach
4. helped Greta (OR her) find
5. had Hector (OR him) ask
Passive Causatives
Exercise 1
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. F
7. T
Exercise 2
1. The Santanas are going to have family pictures taken on the 21st
2. Debra got her hair permed on the 7th.
3. Amber had the dog groomed on the 14th.
4. They're going to get the windows washed on the 16th.
5. They had the carpets cleaned on the 13th.
6. Amber is going to have (OR is having) her ears pierced on the 25th.
7. Jake got his hair cut on the 12th.
8. They're going to have food and drinks delivered on the 20th.

Exercise 3

Comparative Patterns
Exercise 1
 a. 2
b. 1
c. 5
d. 6
e. 4
Exercise 2
1. A big difference far (more addictive) than, nowhere near as (high) as, considerably
(less) than, not nearly as (exotic) as, a great deal (cheaper) than
2. A small difference almost as (much) as, nearly as (expensive) as, slightly /'slaitli/
(bigger) than, not quite as (enthusiastic) as
3. No difference as (beautiful) as, not any (nicer) than, no (more time-consuming) than
Exercise 3
1. Twice as big as
2. Getting more and more lucrative, …was getting better and better
3. The more I learned about koi, the more interested I became, the bigger
they are, the more they cost
Exercise 4
1. Than
2. Near
3. As
4. Great
5. More
6. Likely
7. Far
8. Far
9. The
10. And
11. Nearly
12. Considerably
13. Than
Exercise 5
1. Not nearly
2. And
3. The colder
4. More beautiful
5. The more
Exercise 6
1. Goldfish aren't anywhere near as exotic as koi.
2. Looking after children is far more time-consuming than looking after children.
3. Teenagers are nowhere near as affectionate as young children.
4. People now live twice as long as people in the past.
5. Working for someone else is not nearly as rewarding as being self-employed.
6. Unemployment figures are slightly higher than they were last month.