Electric circuits

-where we can we find electric circuits

- what are the parts of an electric circuits

- what are the electrical conductors and insulators?

Electric circuits in appliances

Electrical equipment’s also called electrical appliances

For example the torch that made up of bulb, switch, wires, and batteries

Those parts must be connected for the torch to work

The parts of an electric parts

4 parts

1. Battery
2. Switch
3. Wires
4. Bulb

First, source of energy in an electric circuits

When the positive and negative parts of the battery are connected properly to the other parts of electric
circuits an electric current will flow to the electric circuit producing light and heat.

Next, Switch-controls when an electric current can flow in an electric circuit.

- The electric current flows if the switch is on and stopped if the switch is off

Wires, made of thin strips of metals especially copper.

- Most of the wires around us have rubber covering. Wires are use to connect one electrical part
to another. They allow electric currents to flow in circuits.

Last, Bulb

Produces light and heat

In order to bulb to light up it has to be properly connected in a circuit. Bulb is made up of four parts the
first one is metal filament made of metal called tungsten

When the electric current flows in electric filament it glows and light up heat

Glass case, it covers the metal filament to prevent it from being damages

Metal Casing and tip- they connect the bulb to an electric circuit
How does the bulb produce light

-when an electric current flows to the metal filament of the bulb the filament gets heated up and get so
hot that it glows and gives of light.

Open and closed circuits

- Electric current will only flow if the parts in an electric circuit form a complete path with no
gaps.
- First, the close circuits in a close circuit the bulb light up because the electric current flows
through the circuit.
- Closed circuit, we have the bulb, battery, switch and the wires. All the parts of this electric
circuits are properly connected. The switch is close forming a close circuit and the blub lights up.
- The example of closed circuits, we have a bulb, battery and wires.

Open circuit

The bulb do not light up because the electric current is not flowing through the circuit.

- In this open circuit we have the bulb, battery, switch and wires.

Conductors and insulators

- Some materials such as steel allow an electric current through them. Other materials such us
wood do not allow electric current flow through them

Electrical conductors and electrical insulators

- Electrical conductors, materials that allow an electric current to flow through them

Electrical insulators, materials that do not allow electric current to flow through them.
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Identify the types of electric circuits

Gives example of situational

spikey and bubbles were playing with the ball when it hit the chandelier and the
string of decoration lights something interesting happened next

oops this is bad we should have gone outside to play hey bubbles isn't this strange only one bulb of the
chandelier has gone out but for the decoration lights

all the bulbs have stopped working but why

good question

it's time to learn about the types of circuits

it is a path along which electric current flows a simple circuit has a cell a bulb and a switch connected by
wires but what happens when there are two bulbs how can we connect them well we can connect the
second bulb right next to the first bulb or we can connect it above the first one

SPIKY CIRCUITS
well let's see who's right let's make spiky circuit

first we need a battery a switch three bulbs two that work and one that's burnt out and connecting virus

let's set up the circuit now let's add another bulb right next to the first one what happens to the
brightness of the first bulb

whoa it's dimmer exactly now replace one of the lightbulbs with a burned-out one

SIRIES CIRCUITS
what happens both the bulbs go out this is a series circuit if all the electrical components are connected
one after another in a single loop then it is a series circuit in a series circuit there is only one path for the
current to flow the amount of current that flows through each bulb of the circuit is the same

now let's try bubble suggestion will add another bulb above the first one what

happens to the brightness of the first bulb

it remains the same this way

correct

nowreplace one of the light bulbs with the burned-out one

what happens
the burnt out bulb does not glow but the other world is still glowing it is not affected

excellent observation

this is a parallel circuit

if all the electrical components are connected in two or more loops then it is a parallel circuit. In a
parallel circuit there is more than one path forthe current to flow

each loop is independent so the current in one loop will not affect the current in another loop

so now we know that both spiky and bubbles were right

spiky connected the bulbs in a series

whereas bubbles connected the bulbs in parallel hence there are two types of circuits 1 C-circuits for
example decoration lights 2 parallel circuits our home appliances are always connected in parallel

but why, why don't we use Siri circuits in our home

because series circuits come with a disadvantage

let's take a closer look with an example

look at these bridges they are connectednone after another in series

you can cross these bridges easily

but what happens when one of the bridges collapses

can you cross to the other side?

no we can't exactly

this is the disadvantage of a series circuit

a break in any part of the circuit stops the flow of current in the whole circuit

another disadvantage is that the more bulbs we add to the series circuit the dimmer they become

now look at these bridges connected in parallel

what happens when one of the bridges collapses

can you cross to the other side now?

yes because we can use the other bridge to cross to the other side

well done this is the advantage of a parallel circuit

when there is a brick in one of the branches in the circuit current can still flow through the other
branches also the brightness of the bulbs remains the same since every loop is independent

now can you explain the chandelier and decoration lights problem you had earlier
oh yes it makes sense now only one bulb of the chandelier went out because it is connected in a parallel
circuit one broken bulb did not affect the current in rest of the bulbs but for the string of lights all the
bulbs went out because it is connected in series one broken bulb will stop the flow of current to

all the bulbs good job

let's summarize

there are two types of electric circuits

a series circuit is one in which all the electrical components are connected one after another in a single
loop

a parallel circuit is one in which all the electrical components are connected in two or more loops

a disadvantage of the series circuit is that a break in any part of the circuit stops the flow of current in
the entire circuit but a break in any part of the parallel circuit does not.
Ohm’s Law

in this video we're gonna talk about

Ohm's law so what is Ohm's law Ohm's law describes the relationship between voltage current and
resistance perhaps you've seen this equation V is equal to I times R V stands for voltage I stands for the
current r is resistance voltage is measured in the units of volts I which represents the current is
measured in amps and are the resistance is

measured in ohms now you need to know that as the voltage in a circuit increases the current will
increase provided that the resistance stays thesame if the resistance goes up the current will go down if
the voltage is held constant so voltage and current they are proportional to each other and resistance
and current they're inversely related to each other now let's work on a practice problem let's say if we
have a 12 volt battery

connected across a four ohm resistor what is the current flowing in this

circuit conventional current flows from the positive terminal the battery to the negative terminal of the
battery this is the opposite direction to electron flow so to find the current in a circuit we can use Ohm's
law V is equal to IR so the voltage is 12 we're looking for

the current the resistance is 4 so we need to solve for the variable I let's divide both sides by 4 12
divided by 4is 3 so the current is going to be 3ampsnow let's say if we have three resistors connected in
series like this let's saythis is r1 r2 and r3 and it's connected across a 60 volt battery now let's saythat r1
has a value of 3 ohms and r2 is 4 ohms and r3 is 5 ohms so what is the current flowing in a circuit in
order tofind the current flowing in a circuit where the resistors are connected inseries you need to find
the total resistance and the total resistance isgoing to be r1 plus r2 plus r3 you just

need to add the values of the three resistors so 3 plus 4 plus 5 that's going to give us 12 so the total
resistance in a circuit is 12 ohms next you need to calculate the SIRT on the

current so we could use the formula V is equal to IR so V is 60 that's the

voltage across the three resistors we're looking for the current and then the total resistance is 12 so you
can treat this as if it's one big resistor and you have a 60 volt battery source across a12 ohm resistor
what is the current in that resistor so what we need to do is divide both sides by 12 to get the current by
itself 60 divided by 12 is 5

so we have a current of 5 amps flowing in this circuit now once we have the current

we can calculate the voltage drop across each resistor what is the voltage dropacross the first resistor
now in this series circuit the current that flows in a circuit is the same as the current flowing through r3
r2 and r1 because there's only one path for the current to

flow it's going to be the same five amps so to find the voltage across the first

resistor we can use the current that flows through the first resistor times the resistance to the value of
that resistor so we're using Ohm's law but in a different way I 1 is going to be the same as I because that
5 amp current is flowing through each resistor but r1 is
different r1 is going to be 3 so it's 5 times 3 so we have 15 volts across r1 now what about across r2 what
is the voltage across r2 well we could follow the same pattern so we can say v2 is equal to i2 times r2 so
the current is still going to be 5 amps but this time the resistance is 4 ohms so 5 times 4 that's going to
give us 20 so we have 20 volts across r2 now across R 3 it's going to be v3 is equal to I 3 times r3 so I 3 is
going to be the same as i2 and i1 so that's 5 amps r3 is 5 so 5 times 5 is 25 so notice that if you add up 15
plus 20 plus 25 it gives you 60 and so the voltage of the battery is equal to the sum of all of the voltage
drops across those resistors and there's

something called Kirchhoff's voltage law

which basically states that as you go around a circuit in a loop the total voltage will

be zero and make sense because the battery it increases the energy of the circuit because it supplies
energy to the circuit so increases it by 16 the resistors consume energy from the circuit so they decrease
it does they have a negative value so if you add a positive 60 with a negative 15 negative 20 and
negative 25 you get zero because the energy that flows into a circuit must equal the energy that comes
out of your circuit thus kirchoff's voltage law it always applies whenever you have a

closed loop so the sum of all the voltages in a closed loop will always add up to zero now what's going to
happen if we connect three resistors in a parallel circuit let's calculate the current in such a circuit in the
series circuit the current flowing through the resistors that are connected in series is the same because
the current only has one path and what you could flow in the parallel circuit the current has multiple
paths and so it could vary however notice that whenever resistors are connected in parallel the voltage
across those resistors is the same so let's say if we have in this case a 12 volt battery each resistor is
connected across that 12 volt battery and so all of them have 12 volts across their terminals let's call this
r1 r2 and r3 and so let's say that r1 has a

value of 3 ohms and r2 is going to be 4 ohms and r3 is going to be 6 ohms what

is the current flowing through each resistor so we can use this formula V 1is equal to i1 times R 1 so
remember in a parallel circuit the voltage across the resistors connected in parallel is the same but in
the series circuit the

current flowing and resistors that are connected in series will be the same in this case V 1 is 12 because
we have 12 volts connected across R 1 and to findthe current flowing through this resistor we need to
use that formula R 1 s 3 so the current is going to be 12 divided by 3 so we have a current of 4 amps
flowing through R 1 now let's do the same for R 2 so let's use the formula V 2 is equal to i2 times R 2