Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 38 views

    Early Neolithic (Ancient Near East)

    Uploaded by

    Resbi vr
    1. Gobekli Tepe, dated between 9600-8000 BCE, is considered the oldest known temple. It consists of circles of large T-shaped stone pillars with carvings of animals. 2. Jericho, from 7700-6200 BCE, was one of the world's first walled cities with stone towers and walls for flood protection. It had rectilinear housing and hand-made pottery. 3. Catal Huyuk from 5400-4000 BCE was a large Neolithic settlement with houses built wall-to-wall and accessed by ladders through roof openings. Murals and figurines have been found within.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Early Neolithic (Ancient Near East)

    Uploaded by

    Resbi vr
    38 views17 pages
    1. Gobekli Tepe, dated between 9600-8000 BCE, is considered the oldest known temple. It consists of circles of large T-shaped stone pillars with carvings of animals. 2. Jericho, from 7700-6200 BCE, was one of the world's first walled cities with stone towers and walls for flood protection. It had rectilinear housing and hand-made pottery. 3. Catal Huyuk from 5400-4000 BCE was a large Neolithic settlement with houses built wall-to-wall and accessed by ladders through roof openings. Murals and figurines have been found within.

    Original Title

    Early Neolithic (ancient near east)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. Gobekli Tepe, dated between 9600-8000 BCE, is considered the oldest known temple. It consists of circles of large T-shaped stone pillars with carvings of animals. 2. Jericho, from 7700-6200 BCE, was one of the world's first walled cities with stone towers and walls for flood protection. It had rectilinear housing and hand-made pottery. 3. Catal Huyuk from 5400-4000 BCE was a large Neolithic settlement with houses built wall-to-wall and accessed by ladders through roof openings. Murals and figurines have been found within.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views17 pages

    Early Neolithic (Ancient Near East)

    Uploaded by

    Resbi vr
    1. Gobekli Tepe, dated between 9600-8000 BCE, is considered the oldest known temple. It consists of circles of large T-shaped stone pillars with carvings of animals. 2. Jericho, from 7700-6200 BCE, was one of the world's first walled cities with stone towers and walls for flood protection. It had rectilinear housing and hand-made pottery. 3. Catal Huyuk from 5400-4000 BCE was a large Neolithic settlement with houses built wall-to-wall and accessed by ladders through roof openings. Murals and figurines have been found within.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 17

    S1 B.

    ARCH
    Gobekli Tepe

    NEOLITHIC ARCHITECTURE IN
    ANCIENT NEAR EAST
    HUMAN MIGRATION
    THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION
    THE FERTILE CRESCENT

    beginning they were hunter-gatherers, pre-farming and


    sedentary lifestyle. only tools they had were sickles and
    harpoons
    later they stared farming, plowing and irrigation
    domesticated sheep, goats and cattle.
    they stored food in granaries. invented wheels and a
    writing system document.
    the land had access to River Nile, Euphrates and Tigris.
    Neolithic Era
    This was the time period when permanent dwelling were established.
    the end of Ice Age and beginning of village life.
    it is divided broadly into 2 parts:

    1. Pre Pottery Era (PPN) - (9600-7000 BC)


    2. Post Pottery Era (PPN) - (7000-4500 BC)

    Jericho pottery
    stopped wandering and settled. they started developing their skills.
    introduction to basic social organization of society
    they acquired confidence in the ability to tame and wished control
    nature
    they started to understand weather and heavenly bodies and sought
    to control nature through rituals
    gradually introduced the idea of religion.
    saw differences between spaces like- Sacred vs everyday places
    introduction of multiple rooms with religious and non-religious
    buildings (work, storage, burials etc.)
    thus architecture was born. Jomon pottery
    Catal Huyuk

    Neolithic Architectural characteristics


    can be studied under the following 3
    points:
    1. Building type Catal Huyuk shrine
    2. Building Materials, Construction and Technologies
    3. Principles of Architectural organisation

    1.Building type
    Dwellings and settlements were made out of more
    durable materials. they had rectangular rooms with
    multiple uses
    thoughts about life and death led to introduction of
    religious buildings and funerary buildings
    ritual buildings for ceremonial activities as a means to
    control people

    Stone alignment, Carnak


    2.Building materials. construction and technology
    started using more diversified construction materials
    Corbelled vaults
    Adobe and stone were the most popular
    Large stones were used as monuments
    there is evidence of ability to quarry, shape, transport and
    join large stones to create monuments

    3.Principles of Architectural Organisation


    required of durable construction
    drastic change in form of houses, introduction of furniture
    and differentiation of spaces
    improvement in village forms including the emergence of
    street systems

    Post and Lintel


    GOBEKLI TEPE (9600-8000 BCE)
    located at the peak of Germus mountains near the Harran
    plains
    believed to be the oldest known temple
    about 25 acres in site, it has a series of 19-20 concentric
    circles in 3 levels

    GOBEKLI TEPE

    each setting has 2 T-shaped pillars with bedrock pedestal.


    they are surrounded by smaller T shaped pillars and bench
    around the periphery
    these T-shaped megaliths had carvings of animals and insects
    believed to be seasonal ritual sites
    AERIAL VIEW
    GOBEKLI TEPE (9600-8000 BCE)
    it was isolated with no housing nearby
    many other sculptures were buried at the enclosure like the
    'Urfa man'.
    for some reason these were buried post-usage

    Urfa man
    hypothetical reconstruction
    JERICHO (7700-6200 BCE)
    the world's first walled city
    double walled with stone tower attached to the walls
    they had 10m high stone tower and surrounding walls abt 5ft
    thk and 12 ft high which acted as flood barriers
    the stone towers had stairs of 22 step, each step a single
    block of stone.
    reconstruction

    part of retaining wall and tower


    plan of ancient Jericho
    JERICHO (7700-6200 BCE)
    they had rectilinear housing alongside domesticated animals
    they made vessels out of stone, wove clothes and traded in a
    barter system
    they made hand-made pottery from crude to well-made
    forms

    hand made pottery

    it is believed people travelled to Greece,


    Europe and Asia
    led to diffusion of domestication and people
    (languages, skills etc.)
    JOMON CULTURE (5000-300 BCE)
    encompasses the Japanese Neolithic period
    pottery was hand made, smoothened with tools and fired in an
    outdoor bonfire around 900 degree Celsius
    they had cord markings on the surface hence the name ( Jomon
    means cord in Japanese)
    world's first fired clay pots deep vessel

    flame rimmed vessel 'dogu' clay figurine jar


    CATAL HUYUK (5400-4000 BCE)
    largest settlements with a social structure known to
    humans
    houses were made with Adobe (mud bricks)
    since houses were built wall to wall, roofs acted as
    streets
    18 successive layers of buildings which showed
    different stages of settlement and eras of history
    composed entirely of domestic buildings with no public
    buildings
    estimated around 5000-7000 people
    clustered buildings with openings/entrances from above
    different rooms for different purposes

    views
    Present day remains

    CATAL HUYUK (5400-4000 BCE)


    houses were plastered from within and often had
    painted murals on their walls
    there were two main rooms for living and cooking.
    ancillary rooms were for storage
    there were no windows or chimneys
    they had one entrance on the roof with a steep ladder.
    the smoke was let out from holes in the roof.
    as a ritualistic part , they used to bury the remains of
    their families beneath their own houses hypothetical sketch
    remains of a female clay figurine has been found -
    'Seated woman of Catal Huyuk', who is believed to
    have been of their deity, Mother goddess.

    seated woman of Catal Hyuk

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy