Dsa DFSR 02 - Defence Aerodrome Rescue & Fire Fighting (ARFF) Regulations

DSA DFSR 02 – Defence
Aerodrome Rescue & Fire

Fighting (ARFF)
Regulations
(JSP 426 Vol3 Lflt2)
Defence Fire
Safety Regulator
DFSR
UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED
Intentionally blank
Amendment Record
Date: Version: Authority: Comments
10 April 2019 1.0 DSA-DFSR-TL Consultation document issued
2.0 DSA-DFSR-TL Initial Issue
Foreword
The following message reinforces the DFSR Team Leaders commitment to improving
safety across Defence and includes our responsibility to ARFF Services in providing
assurance that the Services are contributing to aviation safety.
Defence Fire Safety Regulator Team Leaders Message
Whilst the regulations within this document are key to achieving this objective, I am
personally committed to enhancing the safe delivery of Operational Capability and the
continuous improvement of the Defence ARFF service; through focusing on improved
Safety and Quality Management. Key to this is the continued development of a
widespread engaged Safety Culture and greater sharing of information through effective
Knowledge Management.
To enable the DFSR to be recognised as a first-class Fire Safety Regulator we must
continue to engage with the Regulated Community (RC) and other regulatory bodies to
ensure that our regulatory activity remains effective, relevant and proportional.
Authority
The DSA Charter requires the Director General (DG) on behalf of the SofS to “empower
suitably qualified and experienced Crown servants to regulate safety and safety
management. The authority of Defence Regulators derives from this Charter and
extends wherever Defence activities are conducted including overseas (in which case
the expectations of any host nation’s relevant authorities are to be considered)”. The
DFSR ARFF (Assurance(A)) team shall regulate in a manner consistent with UK good
practice and the regulators Code of Practice.
My goal is for the DFSR ARFF (A) Team to be conducting fully risk-based activity
underpinned by evidence, to support this we will continue to develop our people and
support other assurance organisations within the RC. We will also improve the
Knowledge Management across the community to enable increased transparency and a
greater sharing of information.
Citation
This document will be referred to as the Defence Aerodrome Rescue & Fire-fighting
(ARFF) Regulations.
Regulation and Policy
This document follows the Military Aviation Authority (MAA) MAA01 direction. Each
Regulatory Article contains Rationale, Regulation, Acceptable Means of Compliance
(AMC) and Guidance Material (GM).
MAA03: MAA Regulatory Processes describes the processes that enable interaction
between the Regulated Community and the MAA amendment process. This document
is to be used for submission/ratification of Alternative Acceptable Means of Compliance
(AAMC) and the process for requesting Regulatory Waivers and Exemptions.
DFSR 02 ARFF Regs (Issue 2) UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Page 1 of 59

Reference Material
Defence Publications:
Defence Strategic Direction 2016 (DSD 16)
JSP 441 - Managing Information in Defence
JSP 822 - Defence Direction and Guidance for Training and Education
Military Aviation Authority (MAA) Publications and RAs:
RA 1020 - Roles & Responsibilities: Aviation Duty Holder and Aviation Duty Holder
– Facing Organizations
RA 1024 - Accountable Manager (Military Flying) (AM (MF)).
RA 1026 - Roles and Responsibilities: Aerodrome Operator.
RA 1440 - Air Safety Training.
RA 1600 - Remotely Piloted Air Systems (RPAS).
RA 2307 - Rules of the Air.
RA 2335 - Flying Displays and Flypasts.
RA 2415 - Civil Use of Government Aerodromes.
RA 3049 - Defence Contractor Flying Organization responsibilities for UK Air

System Operating Locations.
RA 3261 (2) - Aerodrome Emergency Services.
RA 3263 - Aerodrome Classification.
RA 3267 - Aerodrome Vehicle Marking and Lighting Requirements.
RA 3500 Aerodrome Design and Safeguarding.
RA 3550 – Temporary Landing Zones.
RA 3311 - Controllers Emergency Actions.
Defence Aerodrome Manual (DAM).
Manual of Military Air Traffic Management (MMATM)
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Standardised Agreements

(STANAGS):
STANAG 3117 Aircraft Marshalling Signals. Standard AFSP-2 Aircraft Marshalling

Signals (Edition A Version 1).

STANAG 3712 CFR (Edition 8) - Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting (ARFF)

Services Identification Categories.
STANAG 3896 CFR (Edition 6) - Aerospace Emergency Rescue And Mishap
Response Information (Emergency Services).
STANAG 7051 CFR (Edition 4) - Minimum Requirements for CFR Operations in
Support of Home Station and Deployed Operations.
STANAG 7132 CFR (Edition 2) - Personal Protective and Fire-fighting Equipment

Requirements for Fire and Emergency Operations.
STANAG 7145 ATM (Edition 5) - Minimum Core Competency Levels and

Proficiency of Skills for Firefighters.
STANAG 7162 CFR (Edition 1) - Standardization of Physical Fitness Maintenance
Program for Firefighters.
STANAG 7179 CFR (Edition 1) – Planning Guidelines for Fire and Emergency
Services Response to Major Fire and Emergency Incidents.
STANAG 7193 CFR (Edition 2) - Incident Command System For Fire And
Emergency Services Responses To Incidents.
STANAG 7206 CFR (Edition 1) – Assessement Guides for The Provision of Fire
Services During Deployed Operations.
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Documents:
EASA Commission Regulation (EU) No 139/2014.
EASA Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) to

Authority, Organisation and Operations Requirements for Aerodromes.
EASA Annex to Decision 2016/009/R Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)

and Guidance Material (GM) to Authority, Organisation and Operations
Requirements for Aerodromes – Amendment 1.
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Documents:
ICAO Annex 14 - Volume 1 Aerodromes - Aerodrome Design and Operations 7th

Edition.
ICAO Annex 14 - Volume 2 Aerodromes - Heliports 4th Edition.
ICAO Airport Services Manual Part 1 - 4th Edition.
ICAO Heliport Manual - 3rd Edition.
Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Documents:
CAP 168 Licensing of Aerodromes.
CAP 699 Framework for Competence of Rescue and Fire-fighting Service (RFFS)
Personnel.

CAP 789 Requirements and Guidance Material for Operators.
CAP 1150 Information Paper 04 Task and Resource Analysis.
CAP 1168 Guidance material for organisations, operations and design

requirements for aerodromes
CAA Information Notice (IN-2016/052) – EASA ED Decision 2016/09/R Rescue

and Fire-fighting Services – Remission Factor, Cargo Flights etc.
CAA Information Notice (IN-2017/031) - Aerodrome Rescue and Fire-fighting

Service – Provision of Fire Extinguishing Agents.
CAA Initial Emergency Response Training Framework Document.
United Kingdom Emergency Service Publications:
Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Programme (JESIP).
National Operational Guidance.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Publications:
FAA 14 CFR Part 139
National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) Documents:
NFPA 403 Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-fighting Services at Airports.

DSA 02 DFSR ARFF Regulations

Defence ARFF Regulation mirrors the layout used by the UK National Health and Safety
Executive (HSE). A regulation is provided for each DFSR ARFF Regulatory Article (RA)
in the following format:
Rationale: The reason why the Defence Regulation is applied to the MOD,
ideally with reference to National Legislation, British Standards
Insitute (BSI) or industry Codes of Practice.
Regulation The Defence Regulation is reiterated in the relevant regulation

to aid clarity and reinforce the relationship and precedence of
the Regulation. Each Regulation may contain a number of
Sub-Clauses that are pertinent to that Regulation (More than
one Regulation may be referenced).
Acceptable The Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) provides practical

Means of advice on how to comply with the Defence Regulation. If the AMC
Compliance: is followed, then this will be considered sufficient to demonstrate
compliance. However alternative approaches (Alternative
Acceptable Means of Compliance (AAMC) may be utilised where
this produces an outcome that can be demonstrated to be as good
as required by the ARFF Regulations.
Guidance Provides Guidance Material which, whilst not compulsory, may be

Material: considered ‘good practice’ to further support the Regulations.

This regulation has been substantially re-written: for clarification, no

change marks are presented – please read the regulation in its
entirety.
Military Aviation Authority (MAA) Regulatory Article (RA) 3261

Rationale:
(2):Stipulates that: ’Aerodrome Operators (AO) and Heads of
Establishment (HoE) shall provide Emergency Services at
aerodromes for which they are responsible.’ This Defence
Regulation has been aligned to:
a. DSA Charter;
b. NATO STANAG 3712 CFR (Edition 8) – Aircraft Rescue
and Fire-Fighting (ARFF) Services Identification
Categories;
c. EASA Commission Regulation (EU) No 139/2014;
d. ICAO Annex 14 Volume 1 Aerodromes - Aerodrome Design
and Operations 7th Edition;
e. ICAO Annex 14 - Volume 2 Aerodromes – Heliports 4th
Edition;
f. CAP 168 Licensing of Aerodromes Edition 11;
g. CAP 699 Framework for competence of Rescue and Fire-
fighting Service (RFFS) personnel; and
h. CAP 789 Requirements and Guidance Material for
Operators.
And details the requirements and provisions relating to MOD

ARFF Services. The purpose of this Regulation is to provide both
direction and guidance to AO and ARFF Service providers to
establish an ARFF Service at Defence Aerodromes ensuring
minimum standards are achieved and are capable of meeting
regulatory requirements.
Contents: DFSR 0201: ARFF Service Levels of Protection
DFSR 0202: ARFF Response
DFSR 0203: ARFF Vehicle and Equipment Requirements
DFSR 0204: ARFF Personnel Requirements
DFSR 0205: ARFF Fire-fighting Media
DFSR 0206: ARFF Operations
DFSR 0207: ARFF Reductions in Cover
DFSR 0208: ARFF Training Requirements
DFSR 0201 (Issue 2) UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Page 6 of 59

Regulation ARFF Service Levels of Protection

0201 0201 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-F) Organizations,
Heads of Establishment (HoE) and Accountable Manager (Military
Flying) (AM (MF)) shall task the ARFF Service Provider to provide
Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting Services at aerodromes suitable to
the appropriate ARFF category for which they are responsible in
accordance with (iaw) Front Line Command (FLC) and Industry
requirements.
Acceptable
Means of ARFF Service Levels of Protection
Compliance 1. ARFF Services should be provided to meet the ARFF category
0201 promulgated in the Unit Defence Aerodrome Manual (DAM)
2. The provision of ARFF services at MOD aerodromes aligns with the
guidance used in NATO/ICAO/EASA/CAA. Within the MOD 14 aircraft
categories are used to accommodate all variants of military aircraft types.
Table 1 below shows - Minimum useable amounts of extinguishing
agents
ARFF Foam meeting Foam meeting Complementary
Category performance level B performance level C agents (Kg)
Discharge Discharge Minimum

Discharge
Water Rate Foam Water Rate Foam Dry
Rate
(Ltrs) Solution (Ltrs) Solution Powder
(Kg/Sec)
(Lpm) (Lpm) (Kg)
Special 90 60 60 40 18 1.25
1 230 230 160 160 45 2.25
2 670 550 460 360 90 2.25
3 1200 900 820 630 135 2.25
4 2400 1800 1700 1100 135 2.25
5 5400 3000 3900 2200 180 2.25
6 7900 4000 5800 2900 225 2.25
7 12100 5300 8800 3800 225 2.25
8 18200 7200 12800 5100 450 4.5
9 24300 9000 17100 6300 450 4.5
10 32300 11200 22800 7900 450 4.5
H1 500 250 350 175 23 2.25
H2 1000 500 700 350 45 2.25
H3 1600 800 1070 535 90 2.25

Notes:
1. The quantities of water shown in columns 2 and 4 are based on the average
overall length of aircraft in each category. Where the aircraft is larger than the
average size in a given category, the quantities of water and discharge rates have
been individually recalculated in accordance with ICAO Airport Services Manual Part
1 and can be found in DFSR 01 Table 3.
2. At Category 1 and 2 Aerodromes up to 100% of the water may be substituted
with complementary agents. At Surface Level Heliports up to 50% of the water may
be substituted with complimentary agent. For substitution, the following equivalents
should be applied when using performance level B foam:
a. 1 kg of gaseous agent or dry powder = 0.66 litres of water[1];
b. 2 kg of CO2 = 0.66 litres of water; and
c. Where substitution up to 100% of the water with complementary agent
has occurred, the reserve supply of complementary agent should be increased
to 200%.
3. If a ‘high performance’ dry powder1 is used, it may be permissible to reduce the
minimum amount provided.
4. At all aerodromes a quantity of gaseous agent or CO2 should be provided for
use on small or hidden fires. A minimum extinguisher size is 5 kg for major and 2 kg
for smaller vehicles.
5. ‘H’ aircraft category requirements are based on surface level heliport
requirements. If operating from elevated heliports guidance should be sought from
the ICAO Heliport Manual.
6. Where the main complimentary agent is dry powder, an additional quantity of
gaseous gent CO2 (18 kg) is required for effective intervention in cases of aircraft
engine fire. Where the main complimentary agent is gaseous, an additional quantity
of dry powder (9 kg) is required to assist in dealing with a running fuel fire.
3. When non-UK MOD/NATO aircraft visit an aerodrome, the AO is to

ensure that the appropriate ICAO aircraft category is provided utilising the
information contained within Table 22.
Table 2 below lists ICAO Aerodrome Category for ARFF
Aerodrome Maximum
Aircraft overall length
Category fuselage width
1 0 m up to but not including 9 m 2m
1
High performance dry powders should be produced in accordance with the EN 615 standard.
2
Details of the individual ICAO category for aircraft currently in use within UK Defence can be found at Table 3. Aircraft used within
NATO can be found at Annex D.

H1 Up to but not including 15 m 2m
H2 15 m up to but not including 24 m 2.5 m
H3 24 m up to but not including 35 m 3m
Notes:
To ensure that the aerodrome operations cells provide the correct ICAO
Aircraft category when booking in visiting aircraft, aircraft dimensions
including length and width should be requested from the Aircraft Operating
Authority (if the aircraft is not in Table 3 or Annex D).
1. The aircraft category for fixed wing aircraft is based on the aircraft
overall length and width. If, after selecting the category appropriate to the
length, the aircraft fuselage width is greater than the maximum width in
column 3, for that category, then the category for that aircraft should be one
category higher.
2. The aircraft category for rotary wing aircraft (helicopters) is based on
overall length including the tail boom and the rotors and their fuselage width.
If, after selecting the category appropriate to the length, the aircraft fuselage
width is greater than the maximum width in column 3, for that category, then
the category for that aircraft should be one category higher.
4. The ARFF Service should be provided throughout the opening hours of

the aerodrome and for 15 minutes after the departure of the last aircraft, or
until the aircraft has reached its destination, whichever is the shorter.
5. The minimum number of ARFF vehicles provided at an aerodrome to

effectively deliver and deploy the agents specified for the aerodrome
category should not be less than that set out in DFSR 0203: ARFF Vehicle
and Equipment Requirements.
6. Crewing levels should be determined in accordance with DFSR 0204:

ARFF Personnel Requirements.
7. Table 3 lists the individual category for aircraft currently in service and
planned to be in service with the MOD and associated agencies. It is
emphasised that this is for individual aircraft categorisation and not for
categorisation of aerodromes, which is a FLC and industry responsibility.
The table lists the minimum quantity of water required for foam production
(using performance Level B foam) to control the fire in the practical critical
area and to maintain the control of, and/or extinguish the remaining fire
using the ICAO principles of calculation. The list of aircraft categories in
Table 3 is compiled, maintained and authorised by the sponsor, DFSR.
Table 3 below shows – Individual Aircraft Fire-fighting Media

Requirements
Discharge
Rate4 (if
Water Min Water
Aircraft different) to
Aircraft Type Calculation Required3
Category that provided
(Ltrs) (Ltrs)
in Table 1
(Lpm)
Atlas (A400M) 12920 8 18200
3
Categories when using Level B Foam.
4
In accordance with ICAO Annex 14 Volume 1 Aerodromes - Aerodrome Design and Operations 7th Edition July 2016 Table 9.2.

Avenger 1048 3 1200
BAE 146 CC Mk2

5637 5 5637 3221
(RJ 70)
BAE 146 C Mk 3
7631 6 7900
(RJ 100)
C130 8647 6 8647 4324

C17 18060 8 18200
Cessna Caravan 728 2 728 574
Chipmunk 370 1 370 370
Dakota 2226 4 2400

Defender 891 3 1200
Hawk 937 3 1200
Hunter 1075 3 1200
Hurricane 615 2 670
Islander 677 2 677
Lancaster 2315 4 2400
Lightning II N/A 5 5400
Pilatus PC-21 680 2 680
Piper PA-31 639 2 670
Prefect 411 1 411 411

Phenom 959 3 1200
Poseidon 11203 7 12100
Rivet Joint 11773 7 12100
Robin DR 4005 332 1 332 332
Sea Fury 752 2 752 592
Sea Hawk 869 3 1200
Sentinal R1 7267 6 7900
Sentry E3D 13240 7 13240 5781
Shadow R1 1048 3 1200
Spitfire 610 2 670

Swordfish 658 2 670
Texan 618 2 670
Tucano6 597 3 1200
5
The DDH has confirmed that he is content for this aircraft to operate under category special aerodrome requirements.
6
At request of DDH Tucano will remain ICAO 3 due to length of service life remaining.

Tutor 364 1 364 364

Typhoon N/A 5 5400
Voyager 19380 8 19380 7690
Wedgetail 8323 6 8332 4162
Airbus EC 135
744 H1 744 372
(Juno)
Airbus EC 145
860 H1 860 430
(Jupiter)
Apache 997 H2 1000

AW109 804 H1 804 402
AW139 1100 H2 1100 550
AW189 1268 H3 1600
Bell 212 1229 H3 1600
Chinook 3585 H3 3585 1793
Dauphin 911 H2 1000
Gazelle 711 H1 711 356
Griffin 1280 H3 1600
Merlin 1599 H3 1600
Puma 1277 H2 1277 639
Sea-King 1559 H2 1559 780
Sikorsky S-61N 1495 H2 1495 748
Wildcat 1164 H3 1600

Notes:
1. In accordance with NATO STANAG 3712 CFR (Edition 8) - Aircraft Rescue
and Fire-Fighting (ARFF) Services Identification Categories, all Fast Jet aircraft
have been classified as ICAO. Therefore, individual water requirements have not
been calculated.
8. Flying, Gliding and Parachute Clubs7 are recreational activities

involving Service/civilian personnel with various levels of experience. Where
these clubs operate at MOD Aerodromes, the Flying, Gliding and Parachute
activities should be risk assessed to determine the required ARFF services
to be provided. The Risk Assessment should be recorded and the decision
on the appropriate level of ARFF cover documented in the DAM. Suitably
Qualified Experienced Personnel (SQEP) advice should be sought from the
Defence ARFF Service Provider to assist with informing the Risk
Assessment (CAP 168 Licensing of Aerodromes: Chapter 8 Appendix 8C
provides additional guidance).
Guidance
ARFF Service Levels of Protection
Material
7
Refer to RA 2415 - Civil Use of Government Aerodromes

0201 1. Reduced Hazard Profile Categories is the level of ARFF Response

required for; cargo, refuelling,8 mail, ferry, positioning and end-of-life aircraft
operations, irrespective of the number of movements may be reduced in
accordance with Table four. This is based on the need to protect only the
area around the cockpit of an aircraft in the Critical Area concept.
2. When operating with reduced Hazard Profile categories the aircraft is
to be crewed by the minimum number of personnel necessary to safely
achieve the aims of the sortie. Specifically, -following consultation with the
ADH chain and the Defence ARFF Service provider, the total number of
personnel is to be detailed within Group Orders. It is to be noted that the
number of personnel is to be limited to those that can be accommodated
within close proximity to the aircraft crew entrance door (thus, reducing the
size of the ‘Hazard Area’ that requires ARFF attention).
Table 4 below shows – Reduced Hazard Profile Categories
ARFF Level of
Aerodrome
Protection
Category
Required
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 5
7 6
8 6
9 7
10 7
3. Remission is where the number of movements by the aircraft visiting
the aerodrome (landing or take-off), performing passenger transportation in
the highest category, is less than 700 in the busiest consecutive three
months. The level of protection provided in accordance with Table 1 may be
reduced by no more than one category below that identified in Table 2.
4. Reduced Hazard Profile Categories and Remission are not to be
applied without the explicit approval of the ADH chain responsible for the
aircraft and are to be used independently.
5. Temporary Landing Zones as defined in MAA RA 3550 - Suitably
Qualified Experienced Personnel (SQEP) advice can be sought from the
Command/Group HQ/Defence ARFF Service Provider to assist with informing
the Risk Assessment.
6. Helicopter Landing Sites (HLS), either permanent or temporary, and
austere exercise locations are unlikely to have Rescue or Fire-fighting
Services routinely. In order that Aviation Duty Holders (ADH) and ADH-
Facing Organizations), or Accountable Managers (Military Flying) (AM (MF)),
meet their responsibilities, they must ensure that Aerodrome Rescue Fire-
fighting (ARFF) Services are considered when helicopters land away from
8
Aircraft involved in refuelling operations are included in Reduced Hazard Pofile categories where the only source of fuel is
contained the the aircrafts fuel tanks.

base at HLS or at exercise locations. Therefore, ADHs/HoEs/AM(MF)s are to

conduct a Risk Assessment providing direction on the level of Rescue and
Fire-fighting Services required, the Risk Assessment is to be recorded and
the decision on the appropriate level of Rescue or Fire Fighting cover
documented. Further guidance on the standards of fire cover required for the
safe operation of Rotary Wing aircraft can be found at Annex B.
7. SQEP advice can be sought from the Command / Group HQ /Defence
ARFF Service Provider to assist with informing the Risk Assessment.
8. Military Low Category (ICAO ARFF categories 1 and 2) Flying Training
Schools (FTS) are to conduct a Risk Assessment to ascertain the level of
ARFF protection required on the aerodrome. The Risk Assessment must be
recorded and the decision on the appropriate level of ARFF cover
documented in the DAM. SQEP advice can be sought from the
Command/Group HQ/Defence ARFF Service Provider to assist with informing
the Risk Assesment, CAP 168 Licensing of Aerodromes Chapter 8 Appendix
8B provides guidance.
9. Where the ARFF services on aerodromes (operating under MAA RA
3261 (2) Aerodrome Emergency Services of Category Special), Initial
Emergency Responders (IER) may be used as an alternative to professional
firefighters. IER shall be suitably equipped and trained to provide an
immediate response during flying operations. IER personnel must receive
initial and annual training. All training must be endorsed and assured by the
Defence ARFF Service Provider SQEP (CAP 168 Licensing of Aerodromes
Chapter 8 Appendix 8C provides additional guidance).
10. ARFF requirements during deployed operations are subject to
assessment by the Aircraft Operating Authority (AOA) and/or
ADHs/AM(MF)s, and the operational Chain of Command. The assessment is
to provide a balance between the operational requirements and the
aerodrome operating requirement. For further guidance refer to Annex A:
Requirements for Deployed Operations of Fixed and Rotary Wing Aircraft.
11. As deployed operating bases become established and circumstances
permit, the complete ARFF capability should be provided and informed by
conducting a Task and Resource Analysis (TRA).
12. When operating aircraft to/from aerodromes other than those regulated
under MAA RA 3261 (2) Aerodrome Emergency Services, AOA need to
satisfy themselves that the ARFF Service is appropriate for the aircraft type.
Annex C provides a comparison table to assist AOAs with this requirement.
13. Annex D Table 1 lists the individual category for aircraft currently in
service and planned to be in service within NATO.

Annex A to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
Requirements for deployed operations of Fixed and Rotary Wing aircraft
A.1 Background
A.1.1 Defence Strategic Direction 20161 (DSD 16) identifies 2 concurrency sets:
a. Primary Concurrency is Warfighting at Scale (W@S); and

b. Secondary concurrency set of 6 Niche, 5 Small and 1 Environmental Medium.
Only the Primary Concurrency set is force driving; however, Defence has yet to model W@S
and therefore the secondary concurrency set is used to force model.
A.1.2. Niche and Small interventions are designed to be swift, short-term interventions, utilising
identified numbers of personnel and equipment. Both W@S and the Environmental Medium are
considered longer term activities which will be enduring.
A.2 Planning
A.2.1 Pre-planning for all interventions is essential due to the timescales involved in ensuring
that the deployable force is in position within the given timescales. HQ Air A4 utilise the
Logistical Functional Area Services (LOGFAS) to ensure that all required equipment is correctly
identified. This ensures that once stood up, all Force Elements at Readiness (FE@R) are
swiftly transported to the identified deployed location.
A.2.2 The timeframes identified for Niche and Small interventions do not provide sufficient time
for a TRA to be carried out. Therefore, minimum levels of response are identified within tables 1
and 2 of this annex providing the Aerodrome Operators (AO) and Delivery Duty Holders
(DDH)/Accountable Manager (Military Flying) AM(MF)s with the assurance that ARFF provisions
are at a suitable level to carry out effective Fire-fighting operations.
A.3. Risk Assesment for Niche and Small Interventions
A.3.1 For Niche and Small interventions a Risk Assessment2 shall ascertain the required
resources for crash Fire-fighting and Rescue Protection - based on the type and number of
aircraft, combined with the anticipated number of sorties and the local resources available.
A.3.2 NATO STANAG 7206 CFR (Edition 1): Assessement Guides for The Provision of Fire
Services During Deployed Operations, is used to determine the minimum number of firefighters
and vehicles required to respond to an aircraft emergency. The minimum number of firefighters
at the emergency is based on the minimum of three firefighters per vehicle (one driver and two
firefighters to perform Hand Line Operations and facilitate self-rescue). Also, within this
minimum number of firefighters, at least one fire fighter shall be trained as an Incident
Commander. The number of firefighters required may vary and will be based on Risk
Assessment.
1
Refer to DSD 16 for further detailed requirements.
2
This Risk Assesment is to be aligned to NATO STANAG 7133 CFT – Minimum Level of Crash, Fire Fighting and Rescue (CFR)
Service for Deployed Fixed and Rotary Wing Aircraft
A1-1

Annex A to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
Table 1 below show - Individual Fixed Wing Aircraft Fire-fighting Requirements

Recommended
Recommended
Aerodrome Crash Category Minimum ARFF
Firefighters
Vehicles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Maximum Aircraft on the Ground
1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12 4 1
13+ 13+ 13+ 13+ 1-12 6 23
13+ 1-6 8 2
1-6 10 2
7+ 1+ 1-3 12 3
4+ 15 3
Table 2 - Individual Rotary Wing Aircraft Fire-fighting Requirements

Aerodrome/Heliport Crash Category Recommended Recommended
Firefighters Minimum ARFF
Vehicles
H1 H2 H3
Maximum Helicopter on the Ground
1-12 1-12 4 1
13+ 13+ 1-12 6 1
13+ 9 1
Notes
1. Fire fighter numbers should be doubled for 24-hour operations, to ensure a minimum of two
operational crews available to adopt an appropriate shift system.
2. Minimum Extinguishing Agent quantities and Discharge Rates must be met.
3. Helicopter Landing Sites or Forward Area Re-arming and Re-fuelling point (FARPS) operations or
similar locations are deemed out of scope and should be rRsk Assessed. DFSR 0201: ARFF Service
Levels of Protection (Paragraph 14) to this regulation refers.
A.3.4 When water supplies are limited, a water tanker and operating crew should be
provided. This regulation does not consider structural or tented camps fire protection,
therefore additional resources may be required. In addition, when operating at locations
with more than one type of aircraft, the larger ARFF requirement applies.
A.4. ARFF Requirements for Enduring Operations
A.4.1 An Enduring Operation will generally follow on from either a Small Intervention or
Environmental Medium; as such there will be sufficient time to allow a full TRA to be
carried out. This is to be carried out in accordance with DFSR Regulation 04: ARFF
Personnel Requirements.
3
The requirement for 2 ARFF vehicles may be reduced to 1 at aerodromes where there is no requirement to respond to structural
type incidents.
A1-2

Annex A to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19

Annex B to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
Guidance on the standards of Fire Cover required for the safe

operation of Rotary Wing Aircraft.
B.1 Introduction
B.1.1 Standards for aerodrome fire cover are contained within DSA DFSR 02 –
Defence Aerodrome Rescue and Fire-fighting (ARFF) Regulations. Front Line
Commands (FLC) and Industry must ensure that Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting
(ARFF) Services are considered when landing away from base. Assessment of a
Helicopter Landing Site (HLS) responsibility will enable the Aviation Duty Holder (ADH)
or the Accountable Manager (Military Flying) (AM ((MF)) to meet their responsibilities in
accordance with RA 1020 – Roles and Responsibilities: Aviation Duty Holder (ADH)
and, ADH-Facing Organizations and RA 1024 - Accountable Manager (Military Flying).
B.1.2 The Risk Assessment is an executive responsibility, and owned by the risk owner
(eg ADH, AM (MF)). The process may be delegated to ADH-Facing individuals ie
Aerodrome Operator or SATCO etc. Specialist advice may be sought through SQEP
personnel including; the Command/Group HQ or Defence ARFF Service Provider.
B.1.3 The mitigations are to be interpreted and applicable to the intensity of operations
and be proportionate to the risk identified by the ADH or AM (MF).
B.2 Purposes of fire cover
B.2.1 The principle objective when responding to an air system crash is to save life by
creating and maintaining survivable conditions. Depending on the level of fire cover
provided, additional tasks may include; initiating rescue, making safe special risks,
minimising damage to aircraft, reducing the effects on the environment and preserving
evidence at the scene1.
B.2.2 ARFF response should be positioned on the HLS to achieve response times in
accordance with DSA DFSR 0202: ARFF Response.
B.2.3 The level of fire support must be addressed through Risk Assessment and be
proportionate to the flying operations being conducted. Factors to be considered during
this process are:
a. total number of planned movements in a 24hr period.
b. total number of helicopters in use at peak period including other operators.
c. Operating risks. Apart from the type of aircraft and the number of occupants,
other operating factors to be taken into consideration include:
(1) presence of Dangerous Goods;
(2) fuel quantities;
(3) aircraft armaments;
(4) type of flying being conducted;
(5) time of day and weather considerations including; Night Vision Device
(NVD) sorties;
1
These ‘additional tasks’ will only be provided by the employment of ARFF personnel.
B1-1

Annex B to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
(6) response time of Civilian Emergency Services (CES) and their ability to
provide adequate support2;
(7) local topography; and
(8) Provision of fire cover for rotors running refuels3.
d. The establishment of an Emergency Plan is the bare minimum requirement. This
may be included within any Safe Operating Environment (SOE) documentation.
B.3 Domestic Helicopter Landing Sites (HLS)
B.3.1 RA 1026 (5) - Use of Domestic Helicopter Landing Sites, stipulates that there is
no requirement to establish an Aerodrome Operator (AO) at a MOD HLS, but the HoE
and ADH and/or AM (MF) are not prevented from doing so if it is considered,
appropriate. The ADH and/or AM (MF) must assess the suitability of all HLS for wich
they have responsibility for Risk to Life (RtL).
B.3.2 All Domestic HLS are to have an Emergency Plan in place. It is to include but is
not limited to; emergency contact numbers, rendezvous points, emergency services4
access, First Aid provision, water supplies available and actions in the event of fire.
B.4 Permanent HLS.
B.4.1 A Permanent HLS (also referred to as a "heliport" in the MAA02 Master
Glossary) is a facility with a permanent rotary wing presence which is designated for
operating, basing, servicing and maintaining helicopters. It may be an entire aerodrome
or a defined area within an aerodrome and may contain one or more landing points.
B.4.2 When Helicopters are permanently based at an HLS an assessment of the
intensity of flying operations is to be carried out to confirm the level of ARFF Service
provision required. Where this assessment identifies that the flying operations will be
that of Standard Intensity, a Task and Resource Analysis5 (TRA) to confirm ARFF
Service & crew numbers, is to be carried out at the earliest opportunity. Where this is
not possible due to operational reasons, the guidance to be followed is provided in
Annex A of DFSR01: ARFF Service Levels of Protection.
B.5 Low Intensity Operations.
B.5.1 Civilian publications (CAP 789) Requirements and Guidance Material for
Operators and CAP 168 Licensing of Aerodromes) allow a greater latitude when
helicopter movements are deemed to be of a low intensity. The ADH/AM (MF) is to
consider when conducting a Risk Assessment (which must be completed prior to the
commencement of operations), the intensity of operations that are likely to take place
during a 24-hour period. The definition of Low and Standard Intensity Operations is to
be determined by the individual ADH chain, allowing a reduced level of ARFF response.
Examples of fire provision for Low Intensity Operations can be found in (CAP 789)
B.6 Standard Intensity Operations
2
Where practicable the CES are to be offered the opportunity to undertake familiarisation of the aircraft, this may include provision
of a copy of the relevant aircraft hazard datasheet.
3
This activity should be subject to a separate Risk Assesment in accordance with DFSR 0206: ARFF Operations.
4
This could either be from internal or external emergency services.
5
Facilitated by the Defence ARFF Service Provider on behalf of the ADH via the Aerodrome Operator (AO) if appointed.
B1-2

Annex B to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
B.6.1 Where Standard Intensity Operations have been determined, the requirement to
provide ARFF Services must be in accordance with DFSR 0201 – ARFF Service Levels
of Protection.
B.7 Temporary/Tactical HLS
B.7.1 A Temporary facility designated for the movement of passengers, crew or cargo
during times of tension, operations, training or exercise. It may also be used for basing,
servicing and/or maintaining helicopters. It may be located within the UK or overseas.
It may be an entire aerodrome, a defined area within an aerodrome, or any other
designated location. It may include one or more landing points.
B.7.2 ADH-facing Organizations must liaise with the relevant ADH/AM(MF) to ensure
that there is an adequate level of ARFF services or fire provision required for the
activity.
B.8 Exercises.
B.8.1 The provision and level of fire cover must be addressed at the Initial Planning
phase for any exercise. Early engagement is key to ensure the fire cover is
proportionate to the risk assessed. There is substantial lead time for any additional fire
cover that may be identified.
B.9 Skills and Training
B.9.1 Skills and training are to be proportionate to the task expected of the personnel
undertaking the fire-fighting responsibilities. Where practicable, the training of
personnel required to use First Aid Fire Appliances (FAFA) is to include practical use of
the FAFA in use at the location of flying operations. The training of SQEP ARFF
Service personnel is to be in accordance with: DFSR 0208: ARFF Training
Requirements.
B.10 Summary
B.10.1 The utility brought by Rotary Wing (RW) Air Systems must not be constrained by
overly prescriptive regulations with regards to providing fire cover. The latitude within
the Risk Assessment process allows ADH/AM (MF) scope to adjust levels of cover
dependent upon the ability to operate safely. Where doubt exists consult the Defence
ARFF Service Provider or SQEP fire advice within FLC.
B1-3

Annex C to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
C.1 International and National Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting Service Standards

C.1.1 Across the World there are several different standards for ARFF1 Service provision.
e.g.
a. Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom) (CAA(UK));
b. European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA);
c. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA);
d. International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO);
e. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); and
f. National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA).
C.1.2 In order to assist Aircraft Operating Authorities (AOA) to understand these differing
standards, Table 1 below provides comparison of the standards identifying the maximum
aircraft size that can be operated within each standard.
Table 1 below shows – ARFF Category Comparisons:
Overall Length of
Maximum Exterior
Airport Category: Aircraft
Fuselage Width
Up to but Not
Up to but Not Including:
Including:
NFPA/NATO FAA ICAO/EASA/CAA Mtrs Mtrs
1 A 1 9 2
2 A 2 12 2
3 A 3 18 3
4 A 4 24 4
5 A 5 28 4
6 B 6 39 5
7 C 7 49 5
8 D 8 61 7
9 E 9 76 7
10 E 10 90 8
Notes:
1. The FAA do not have an equivalent category for ICAO/EASA/CAA/NFPA/NATO aircraft categories 1-3.
Therefore, the lowest FAA category will be category A.
2. Whilst it is accepted that each standard may have different Fire-fighting media requirements, AOA
need not concern themselves with these, concentrating solely on the maximum aircraft size that can be
operated in each category.
1
Also, be referred to as Rescue Fire Fighting Service (RFFS) or Crash Fire Rescue (CFR) and is not to be confused with a Local
Authority Fire and Rescue Service or other national equivalents.
C1-1

Annex D to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
Table 1 Individual Aircraft Fire-fighting Media Requirements for NATO Aircraft

D.1 The table lists the quantity of water required for foam production (using
performance Level B foam) to control fires in the Practical Critical Area and to maintain
control of, and/or extinguish, the remaining fire using the ICAO Principles of Calculation.
Water Min Water Discharge Rate1

Aircraft (if different) to
Aircraft Type Calculation Required
Category that provided in
(Ltrs) (Ltrs)
Table 1 (Lpm)
A-10 N/A 5 5400
A-37 454 1 454 454
A 310 15374 8 18200
Aermacchi / Embraer AMX N/A 5 5400
Alpha Jet 927 3 1200
AN-2 Colt 859 3 1200
AN-12 8015 6 8015 4008
AN-26 2622 4 2622
AN-30 2928 5 5400
AN-32 2618 4 2618
AN-124 24913 9 24913 9228
AN-225 31408 10 32300
AV-8B Harrier II N/A 5 5400
B-1 13450 7 13450 5873
B-2 5400 5 5400
B-52H TBC 7 TBC
B747 400 Series 25263 9 25263 9357
B767 200 Series 14279 7 14279 6236
Breguet Atlantique 7634 6 7900
C-5 26322 9 26322 9749
C-23 Sherpa 1325 3 1325 1019
C-27J 2724 4 2724 1800
C-101 Aviojet 924 3 1200
C-160 7904 6 7904
C-212 Aviocar 1163 3 1200
C-295M 5144 5 5400
CL-41 Tutor 632 2 670
CN-235 2444 4 2444
DHC-6 Twin Otter 1179 3 1200 907
DO 28D / D-2 Skyservant 729 2 729 577
DO 228 1227 3 1227 944
E-2 Hawkeye TBC 3 TBC
EA-6 Prowler N/A 5 5400
EP-3E Aries II 8723 6 8723 4362
Falcon 20 / 200 1299 3 1299 999
1 In accordance with ICAO Annex 14 Volume 1 Aerodromes - Aerodrome Design and Operations 7th Edition July 2016 Table 9.2.
D1-1

Annex D to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
Water Min Water Discharge Rate1

Aircraft (if different) to
Aircraft Type Calculation Required
Category that provided in
(Ltrs) (Ltrs)
Table 1 (Lpm)
F-4 Phantom II N/A 5 5400
F-5 (All Variants) N/A 5 5400
F-7 / J-7 Airguard N/A 5 5400
F-22 N/A 5 5400
F-27 Enforcer 5214 5 5400
F-35 N/A 5 5400
F-117 N/A 5 5400
G-4 Super Galeb 730 2 730 575
G-222 2724 4 2724
IL-28 Beagle TBC 3 1200
IL-76 13074 7 13074 5709
J-22 Orao N/A 5 5400
Jaguar N/A 5 5400
JAS 39 Gripen N/A 5 5400
L-39 929 3 1200
KC-10A 18431 8 18431 7314
KC-135 Strato Tanker 11744 7 12100
M-346 740 2 740 583
MiG 17 N/A 5 5400
MiG 21 N/A 5 5400
MiG 23 N/A 5 5400
MiG 29 N/A 5 5400
Mirage 2000 N/A 5 5400
Mirage F1 N/A 5 5400
Mirage IV N/A 5 5400
M.B. 339A 723 2 723 570
P-3 Orion 8740 6 8740 4370
PC-7 Turbo Trainer 592 2 670
PC-9 617 2 670
Rafale N/A 5 5400
S-2 Tracker TBC 3 TBC
SF 260 347 1 347 347
SU-17 N/A 5 5400
SU-20 N/A 5 5400
SU-22 N/A 5 5400
SU-25 N/A 5 5400
Super Etendard N/A 5 5400
T-33 727 2 727 573
T-38 1055 3 1200
T-45A 765 2 765 602
TR-1 2093 4 2400
206 Jet Ranger 654 H1 654 327
D1-2

Annex D to
DFSR 0201
Dated 12 Sep 19
AH-1 Cobra TBC H2 TBC

Alouette III 931 H1 931 466
AS 350 Ecureuil 826 H1 826 413
CH-53 2459 H3 2459 1230
H-2 Sea Sprite TBC H2 TBC
KA-25 953 H2 1000
KA-27 TBC H2 TBC
MD-500 Defender 549 H1 549 275
Mi-8 / 14 / 17 Hip 2370 H3 2370 1185
Mi 24 1307 H2 1307
NH90 1291 H2 1291 646
S-64 / CH-54 2274 H3 2274 1137
SA 321G Super Frelon 1581 H2 1581 791
SA 332 Super Puma 1603 H3 1603 802
S-64 Skycrane / CH-54 2275 H3 2275 1138
Tiger 958 H2 958
UH-60 Blackhawk 1383 H2 1383 692
UH-70 Seahawk 1383 H2 1383 692
UH-72 826 H1 826 413
V-22 Osprey 1848 H3 1848 924
Notes:
1. In accordance with NATO STANAG 3712 CFR (Edition 8) - Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting
(ARFF) Services Identification Categories, all Fast Jet aircraft have been classified as ICAO.
Therefore, individual water requirements have not been calculated.
D1-3

Regulation Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting (ARFF) Response
0202
0202 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-F)
Organizations, Heads of Establishment (HoE) and Accountable
Managers (Military Flying) (AM (MF)) shall ensure that ARFF
Services are organised, operated, and respond to all emergency
incidents according to the defined principles in a timely manner.
Acceptable ARFF Response

Means of
Compliance 1. The ARFF Service Should be notified of all aircraft emergencies
0202 by ATC; operating in accordance with MAA RA 3311 – Controllers
Emergency Actions.
2. ARFF services Should be organised and operated in such a
manner as to ensure their rapid deployment and the effective and
efficient use of resources.
3. When aircraft are involved in incidents on or adjacent to
aerodromes, the principle objectives of the ARFF service Should be to:
a. save life;
b. create and maintain survivable conditions;
c. initiate1 the rescue of those occupants unable to make
their escape without direct aid;
d. make safe any special risks;
e. minimise damage to aircraft and associated equipment;
f. reduce or mitigate effects on the environment; and
g. preserve evidence at incident location.
4. The operational objectives of the ARFF Service on aerodromes
and Surface Level Heliports are to:
a. create and maintain survivable conditions;
b. provide egress routes for occupants to escape un-aided;
and
c. initiate the rescue of those occupants unable to make their
escape.
5. At an aerodrome the ARFF Services Should achieve the response
times of two minutes (and not exceeding three minutes to any point of
each operational runway, as well as to any other part of the movement
area2), in optimum visibility and surface conditions3.
1
Oxford Concise English Dictionary definition is; “Cause (a process or action) to begin.”
2
MAA 02 defines movement areas as follows, “that part of an aerodrome intended for the surface movement of air systems,
including the manouvering area and apron(s).”
3
Optimum visibility and surface conditions are defined as daytime, good visibility, no precipitation or strong wind with normal
response route free of surface contamination eg water, ice, snow and aircraft movement restrictions.

6. At a Surface Level Heliport, the ARFF Services Should achieve
response times not exceeding two minutes in optimum surface and
visibility4.
7. The ARFF Service Should make safe progress (as quickly as
conditions permit), to the accidents and/or incidents - to maximise the
opportunity for saving life. Achieving the response times are dependent
on: the size of aerodrome, location of fire station(s), disposition of
vehicles, personnel and weather conditions at any given time.
8. ARFF vehicles Should normally be housed in a fire station to
ensure that response times can be met. Their access from the fire
station on to the runway area Should be clear, direct, and requiring a
minimum number of turns. The responding ARFF services Should be
capable of reaching the furthest point of the aerodrome boundary within
the stipulated response time.
9. The ARFF Service Response Area Should be identified within the
Unit Emergency Orders – (Aerodrome Crash Plan).
10. If the aerodrome is located near water, a swampy area, or other
difficult environment, or a significant portion of the approach/departure
operations takes place over these areas; the AO Should coordinate5 the
availability of suitable rescue equipment and services. Where
necessary, if not available from other Emergency Services,6 the ARFF
Service Should be appropriately resourced with specialist rescue/fire-
fighting vehicles, equipment and training.
11. All ARFF vehicles Should be equipped with Crash Maps and
Ordnance Survey Maps in accordance with MAA RA 3261 (2):
Aerodrome Emergency Services.
12. A Response Safe System Of Work includes a number of elements
that must come together to deliver an effective and safe service. A
comprehensive Hazard and Risk Analysis Should be conducted over
the Optimum Response Routes within the aerodrome boundary that
ARFF vehicles are likely to use. The analysis and system of work
Should consider:
a. Standard Operating Procedures;
b. Call handling;
c. Alerting System;
d. position of the fire station or Standby Area;
e. position of training area where a response may be made
from suitable access roads and routes;
f. visibility and surface conditions;
g. a clear route;
4
It is recognised that a two-minute response time for rotary wing aircraft may not always be achievable; particularly in training areas
where helicopter movements are outside the aerodrome boundary.
5
Refer to EASA AMC1 ADR.OPS. B.005(b) Aerodrome Emergency Planning and ICAO Airport Services Manual Part 1 Chapter 13
– Rescue Operations in Difficult Environments.
6
CES in the UK or HN Support when on Deployed Operations.

h. vehicle performance;
i. vehicle maintenance;
j. effective equipment;
k. competent staff;
l. communications;
m. an effective safety culture;
n. effective leadership and incident command;
o. Human Factors; and
p. monitoring and review (including records).
When assessing an effective response, the above points Should be
scrutinised and reviewed; however, when measuring effectiveness, each
aspect need not be focused on in isolation.,
13. A Response Area Risk Assesment (DFSR Form 01) Should be
completed by the Defence ARFF Service and endorsed by the AO.
Once completed, the Risk Assessment Should be included in the Unit
DAM.
14. Assessment of the approach and departure areas within 1000m of
the runway threshold, or suitable point(s) for rotary wing aircraft
locations, Should be carried out by the Defence ARFF Service present -
to determine the options available for rescue. In considering the need
for any specialist rescue and access routes, the environment of the Risk
Area (in particular the topography and composition of the surface),
Should be considered.
15. To facilitate achieving minimum response times Emergency
Access Roads Should be provided on an aerodrome where terrain
conditions permit their construction.. Particular attention Should be
given to the provision of ready access routes to approach areas up to
1000m from the threshold, or suitable point(s) for Rotary Wing locations
within the aerodrome boundary. Where a boundary fence offers
obstruction to the responding ARFF services, appropriate arrangements
Should be in place to facilitate unobstructed access to outside areas for
the largest ARFF vehicle.
16. The Aerodrome 1000m Assessment (DFSR Form 02) Should be
completed and included in the Unit DAM.
17. Defence ARFF Service providers Should develop Safe Systems of
Work for all incidents likely to be encountered on Defence aerodromes.
Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTP) Should be produced for all
incidents likely to occur on all Unit-based and frequent visiting aircraft.
Generic risks may be reduced to As Low As Reasonably Practicable
(ALARP) and Tolerable by the introduction of these TTP.
18. The Duty Crew of the ARFF Service Should be placed under the
orders of the DATCO/ATCO IC who will be responsible for its
deployment and state of readiness during aerodrome operating hours.
The DATCO/ATCO IC Should be responsible for immediately

authorising the response of the ARFF service to attend all emergency
incidents or accidents on or near the aerodrome, if an aircraft is
involved. The DATCO/ATCO IC Should be responsible for
disseminating the implications of the reduction of ARFF capability.
19. The Senior ARFF Officer present Should retain Incident Command
and Control of all deployed ARFF assets until the incident is handed
over to an appropriate member of an Emergency Response service or
until the incident Emergency Response Phase is terminated.
20. ARFF crews are to respond to all emergency incidents7 within their
areas of responsibility as a priority, when life may be at risk and/or an
effective contribution to the incident can be made. Any consequent
effect on aerodrome operations, through a reduction or loss of ARFF
category, is to be considered secondary to the saving of life (Refer: MAA
RA 3261 (2): Aerodrome Emergency Services).
21. When an incident occurs off an aerodrome, the action to be taken
depends on whether the exact location of the incident is known. When
the location is known, the DATCO/ATCO IC (or other emergency
coordinating body), will initiate emergency action in accordance with the
Local Emergency Plan. If the location of the incident is unknown, ATC
personnel or other emergency coordinating body will initiate search
activity in accordance with MAA RA 3261 (2).
Guidance ARFF Response

Material 1. States of readiness for aircraft emergencies are defined as:
0202
a. State 1 - Aircraft Accident: A crash (on or seen), from an
aerodrome;
b. State 2 - Full Emergency: An incident on the aerodrome
where doubt exists about the safety of the aircraft or its occupants,
or to anticipate a “State 1”. The ARFF vehicles and emergency
medical services are deployed to the incident or to pre-arranged
positions on the aerodrome;and
c. State 3 - Local Standby: A precautionary measure to cater
for a possible incident on the aerodrome, or when an aircraft has
crashed off the aerodrome, but the position is unknown. ARFF
vehicles are crewed with engines running at their normal locations.
2. Response time is considered to be: the time between the initial call
to the ARFF service, and the time when the first responding vehicle(s)
is (are) in position to apply foam at a rate of at least 50 per cent of the
discharge rate specified in Table 1 of DFSR Regulation 01 ARFF
Service Levels of Protection.
7 In some instances, where ARFF capability is providedby a contracted Service Provider, where no provision has been made within
the contract to provide a structural response capability. ARFF personnel will not be authorised or contracted to collate any pre-
planning or structural risk information activities, which support Safe Systems of Working (SSoW). Where the situation exists the aim
being to limit the spread of fire to the compartment or building of origin.

3. Any vehicle(s), other than the first responding vehicle, required to
achieve continuous agent application is/are to arrive no more than one
minute after the first responding vehicle(s).
4. When determining response time, the aerodrome operators need
to consider:
a. providing direct access to the operational runway(s);
b. designating access routes to the response area;
c. the maintenance of roads and access routes;
d. eliminating the possibility of any vehicle blocking the
progress of responding emergency vehicles;
e. accounting for the gross weight and maximum dimensions of
the ARFF vehicle(s) expected to use the roads and access
routes.
f. ensure roads are capable of being traversed in all conditions;
g. Exit Gates or frangible sections in the security fence are
suitable to allow access of the largest ARFF vehicle utilised on the
aerodrome;
h. Exit Points will need to be clearly identified. Reflective tape
or markers will be of assistance where aerodrome may need to be
accessible during the hours of darkness or conditions of low
visibility; and
i. providing sufficient vertical clearance from overhead
obstructions for the largest vehicle.
5. ARFF vehicles will approach any aircraft incident by the quickest
route commensurate with safety, although this might not necessarily be
the shortest distance to the scene. Traversing through uneven or rough
terrain areas can take longer than travelling a greater distance on
paved surfaces, therefore, a thorough knowledge of the topography of
the aerodrome and its immediate vicinity is fundamental for ARFF
personnel. The use of grid maps and careful selection of routes is
essential for success in meeting the response objective.
6. It is highly likely that Air Transport Incidents will involve a multi-
agency response, therefore it is important that the Defence ARFF
Service provider ensures collaboration with civil emergency responders
forming the Pre-Determined Attendance (PDA) for incidents at
individual aerodromes. To support Interoperability and Intraoperability it
will be necessary to embed the basic principles of the JESIP in to the
Unit Emergency Orders (Aerodrome Crash Plan).
7. To ensure interoperability with Civil Emergency Services (CES) it
will be necessary to ensure that tactics, techniques and procedures for
dealing with all foreseen emergency incidents on aerodromes reflect the
information provided by the National Operational Guidance where
relevant.

Intentionally Blank

Regulation DFSR 0203: ARFF Vehicle and Equipment Requirements
0203
0203 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-H)
Organizations, Heads of Establishment (HoE), Aerodrome
Operator (AO) and Accountable Managers (Military Flying) (AM
(MF)) shall provide Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting Services
with adequate numbers and types of vehicles and equipment at
aerodromes for which they are responsible.
Acceptable ARFF Vehicle and Equipment Requirements

Means of
Compliance 1. The minimum number of ARFF vehicles provided at an
0203 aerodrome to effectively deliver and deploy the agents specified for the
aerodrome category should not be less than that set out in Table 1.
Table 1 below shows – The minimum Number of ARFF Vehicles
required at Aerodromes.
Special
Aerodrome
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 H1 H2 H3
Category
Minimum
Number of
1 1 1 1 1 21 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1
ARFF
vehicles
2. The minimum performance specification for ARFF vehicles should

be in accordance with the DSA DFSR 02 ARFF Regulations and ICAO
Airport Services Manual Part 1 - Rescue and Fire-fighting.
3. A system of preventative maintenance of ARFF vehicles should be
employed to ensure effectiveness of the equipment and compliance
with specified response time throughout the life of the vehicle.
4. Where a structural response capability is provided by the ARFF
Service, the ability to deliver water jets would be desirable. Care
should be taken in providing this additional capability to ensure that the
primary role of the vehicle (aircraft Fire-fighting) is not impaired.
5. Rescue equipment commensurate with the level of aircraft
operations should be provided on the ARFF vehicles, taking into
consideration:
a. the level of aircraft operations;
b. a Task Needs Analysis (TNA); and
c. the Task and Resource Analysis (TRA).
1
The requirement for 2 ARFF vehicles may be reduced to 1 at aerodromes where there is no requirement to respond to structural
type incidents.

d. Relevant Health and Safety legislation, eg Provision and Use of
Work Equipment Regulations (PUWER), Personal Protective
Equipment at Work Regulations (PPE) require that equipment is:
1) suitable for the intended use;
2) safe for use; maintained in a safe condition and, in
certain circumstances, inspected to ensure this remains
the case;
3) used only by personnel who have received
adequate information, instruction and training; and
4) accompanied by suitable safety measures, eg
protective devices, markings, warnings.
e. A suitable Test and Inspection regime for which
appropriate records should be maintained (for a minimum period
of five years).
f. Records should include details of consequential action
where an inspection has revealed a defect or deficiency.
6. If the aerodrome is located near a water/swampy area (or other
difficult environment), or a significant portion of the approach/departure
operations takes place over these areas, the AO should coordinate the
availability of suitable rescue equipment and services. Where
necessary, if not available from other Emergency Services 2, the ARFF
Service should be appropriately resourced with specialist rescue/Fire-
fighting vehicles, equipment and training.
7. All ARFF3 personnel should be provided with Personal Protective
Equipment (BS EN 469:2005) to enable them to perform their duties in
a safe and effective manner.
8. A discrete communication system should be provided linking the
Fire Station with Air Traffic Control (ATC) and all ARFF vehicles.
9. An alerting system for ARFF personnel, which is capable of being
operated from that station, should be provided at the Fire Station and
ATC.
10. Communications equipment should be provided which will have an
effective range such that it ensures reception within all response areas
that the ARFF Service may be required to operate in. The ARFF
Service Response Area should be identified within the Unit Emergency
Orders – (Aerodrome Crash Plan).
11. Communication equipment should be provided to enable the ARFF
Service to communicate with the responding CES.
12. Radio equipment should be provided to enable ARFF personnel to
maintain communications with ATC when not in their vehicles.
2
Civil Emergency Services (CES) in the UK or Host Nation (HN) Support when on Deployed Operations.
3
IER personnel are not to be considered as ARFF. PPE for IER personnel is to be kept to the absolute minimum necessary to
perform their duties. It is not expected for IER personnel to be provided with Fire Fighting PPE. This is to be confirmed by the 1*
TRA following the TNA.

13. A reliable method of summoning assistance from external
emergency services should be provided. (MAA RA 3261 (2) Aerodrome
Emergency Services refers).
Guidance ARFF Vehicle and Equipment Requirements

Material 1. In accordance with MAA RA 3267: Aerodrome Vehicle Marking
0203 and Lighting Requirements, ARFF vehicles utilised within the UK are to
be Signal Red in colour.
2. Guidance on the rescue equipment to be provided at an
aerodrome is given in both NATO STANAG 7132 CFR: Personal
Protective and Fire-fighting Equipment Requirements for Fire and
Emergency Operations, and ICAO Airport Services Manual Part 1.
3. At category ‘Special’, ICAO category 1 and 2 Aerodromes, any
vehicle provided is to be mechanically reliable, fit for purpose, and
capable of accommodating personnel. The vehicle is to be capable of
conveying and delivering at least the minimum quantities of
extinguishing agents as specified in DFSR Regulation 01 ARFF Service
Levels of Protection Table 1.
4. Non-self-propelled appliances (trailers) are permissible, at
category ‘Special’, 1 and 2 Aerodromes, but, they are to be connected
to a suitable towing vehicle during aircraft movements. Where soft or
other difficult terrain is immediately adjacent to, or comprises part of the
response area, a suitable all-wheel drive vehicle will be required to
ensure an effective response. In other situations the vehicle is to be
suitable for the terrain at the specific aerodrome.
5. At category ‘Special’, 1 and 2 aerodromes following a TNA, a
minimum quantity of ancillary equipment resource appropriate to the
sizes and types of the aircraft is to be provided. CAP 168 Chapter 8
Appendix 8B and 8C provide further details of equipment requirements
for these aerodromes.
6. The management of information and record keeping including
the disposal of records can be found in JSP 441: Managing Information
in Defence.
7. At certain locations communication equipment, may also include
a requirement for ground to air4 radio systems. Any requirement will be
determined by HOE/AO.
8. In order that ARFF personnel can communicate with an aircraft
captain without the need for ground to air communications, it is
acceptable for ARFF personnel to be supplied with a headset and
4
The use of ground to air radio systems is limited to direct communications between the senior ARFF Officer present and pilot,
when the aircraft is on the ground and only within the period of a declared emergency.

microphone which can be connected to the aircraft once it has come to
rest.
9. In accordance with MAA RA 2307 Rules of the Air, ARFF
personnel are to utilise NATO Standardised Marshalling Signals as
identified within NATO STANAG 3117 - Standard AFSP-2 Aircraft
Marshalling Signals when operating in the vicinity of aircraft.

Regulation ARFF Personnel Requirements
0204 0204 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-D)
(MF)) shall provide Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting Services with
appropriate numbers of Suitably Trained and Competent
Personnel (STCP) at aerodromes for which they are responsible.
Acceptable ARFF Personnel Requirements

Means of 1. The Defence ARFF Service Provider should ensure that:
Compliance
0204 a. during flight operations and, at least, 15 minutes after the
departure of the last flight, an appropriate number of STCP are
detailed and readily available to respond to an incident and
operate the equipment at the maximum capacity;
b. all ARFF personnel required to act in aviation
emergencies, must demonstrate their medical fitness1 to execute
their role, taking in to account the type of activity;
c. all personnel are deployed in a way that ensures the
minimum response times can be achieved and continuous agent
application at the appropriate rate can be fully maintained.
Consideration should also be given to the use of hand lines,
ladders and other rescue and Fire-fighting equipment normally
associated with aircraft rescue and Fire-fighting operations; and
d. all responding ARFF2 personnel are provided with
protective clothing and respiratory equipment to enable them to
perform their duties in an effective manner.
2. It is recognised that ARFF/IER personnel may be engaged in
duties other than those directly associated with the ARFF role. These
‘extraneous’ duties should be the subject of an Impact Assessment and
are to be organised so not to create conditions likely to compromise
individual or crew performance, or introduce additional hazards.
3. A Task Resource Analysis3 (TRA) should determine the
appropriate level of rescue and Fire-fighting equipment, personnel and
supervisory grades. It should also identify training needs for personnel
1
Medical fitness assessments specific to ARFF Services should be conducted for pre-employment entry as a fire fighter as well as
ongoing medical fitness assessments for existing staff.
2
IER personnel are not to be considered as ARFF personnel. PPE for IER personnel is to be kept to the absolute minimum
necessary to perform their duties. It is not expected for IER personnel to be provided with Fire Fighting PPE. This is to be
confirmed by the 1* TRA following the Task Needs Analysis (TNA).
3
Refer to ICAO Airport Services Manual Part 1 Paragraph 10.5 Task Resource Analysis and CAP 1150 Information Paper 04 Task
and Resource Analysis for further detail.

to deal with the Worst Credible Scenarios (for all ICAO ARFF categories
promulgated within the Unit DAM).
4. A TRA should be completed in consultation between the HoE/AO
and Defence ARFF Service Provider. By using a Qualitative Risk-
based approach which focuses upon Worst Credible Scenarios (WCS)4
5. During operations, when no Civilian Emergency Services (CES)
or Host Nation (HN) support is available, the provision of ARFF services
should be scaled to ensure that all tasks associated with the WCS are
effectively and safely dealt with by on-site arrangements.
6. The TRA process should commence by ascertaining the
aerodrome category required by the Front-Line Command5 (FLC) and
Industry. This will allow the AO to confirm the minimum number of
vehicles, minimum extinguishing agent requirements and discharge
rates. This should also allow the Defence ARFF service provider to
determine the appropriate number of personnel required to functionally
operate the vehicles and equipment.
7. The outcome of the TRA should be agreed with the HoE/AO and
is to be shared with the CES or Host Nation (HN) equivalent and Local
Resilience Forums.
8. Independent assurance of the TRA process should be provided
by the DFSR ARFF (Assurance) Team. Once completed, the TRA
should be recorded in the Unit’s Defence Aerodrome Manual (DAM).
9. The objective of providing the appropriate number of competent
personnel should be based on the ‘Safe Person Concept’ to have
available sufficient staff ,at all responsibility levels, operating Safe
Systems of Work (SSoW) to ensure that:
a. the ARFF Service can achieve the Operational objective;
b. all vehicles and equipment can be operated effectively
and safely;
c. continuous agent application at the appropriate rate(s) can
be maintained;
d. Sufficient supervisory grades can initiate an Incident
Command System;
e. ARFF personnel are able to assist in aircrew, passenger
and crew self-evacuation;
f. Access aircraft to carry out specific tasks if required( eg
Fire-fighting, create survivable conditions, initiate rescue6, make
safe special risks);
g. support and sustain the deployment of Fire-fighting and
rescue equipment;
h. support and sustain the delivery of supplementary water
supplies; and

i. the ARFF elements of the Emergency Orders –
(Aerodrome Crash Plan) can be effectively achieved.
Note: The above list is not exhaustive, and all relevant tasks must be
identified before moving to Phase 2. Each task may include numerous
functional activities.
10. The AO should ensure that a TRA is carried out for each ICAO
aircraft category promulgated within the aerodrome DAM. Other
reasons requiring a TRA include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. where the aerodrome category published within the DAM
has changed;
b. introduction of new Air System(s);
c. change of WCS;
d. change in flying operations (e.g. Defence Exercise,
Airshow etc, that requires the aerodrome to operate at a different
ICAO aircraft category than promulgated within the Unit DAM);
e. change in type of ARFF vehicle(s) which introduce new
technology;
f. change in the Pre-Determined Attendance (PDA)
delivered by CES/HN Support;
g. adoption of new FRS Guidance where change impacts
upon operational response;
h. where an EAW Operational Deployment is identified to
become an Enduring Operation; and
i. continuous Improvement, following Lessons Identified (LI)
from incidents, exercises reports (including DASORs etc).
11. At category 1 – 10 and H1 – H3 aerodromes/heliports, all
personnel forming part of the appropriate staffing level should be
qualified Aerodrome Rescue Firefighters, who have maintained the
competencies required to be considered STCP for the role in which
employed.
12. Where the required level of ARFF services (on aerodromes
operating under MAA RA 3261 (2) Aerodrome Emergency Services), is
that of Category Special, the AO should promulgate clear and concise
emergency procedures including the use of Initial Emergency Response
(IER) personnel, as an alternative to professional firefighters. IER
4 A TRA seeks to identify the most appropriate number of personnel required to undertake identified tasks in real time before
supporting external services are able to effectively assist the ARFF service.
5
For aerodromes operating under MAA CFAOS this will be set by the AM (MF)
6
Oxford Concise English Dictionary definition is; “Cause (a process or action) to begin.”

should be suitably equipped and trained to provide an immediate
response during flying operations.
13. An appropriate number of competent IER personnel should be
detailed to operate the IER equipment.
14. Training of both ARFF and IER personnel should be carried out
in accordance with DFSR Regulation 08: ARFF Training Requirements.
Guidance ARFF Personnel Requirements

Material 15. Medical standards for ARFF personnel is a single Service (sS)
0204 requirement. However, guidance can be found in NATO STANAG 7162
Standardization of Physical Fitness Maintenance Program, for
Firefighters on a Maintenance of Fitness programme.
16. ARFF/IER personnel designated as part of the appropriate level
for response, who are engaged on extraneous duties, must be able to
disengage safely to meet the response time objective.
17. ARFF/IER personnel designated as part of the appropriate level
for response are not to be engaged on duties involving the handling of
flammable liquids.
18. Until a TRA has been carried out, each individual aerodrome will
provide ARFF Services in accordance with Annex A :Transitional
arrangements for Defence Fire Rescue (DFR) ARFF Services.

Annex A to
DFSR 0204
Dated 12 Sep 19
A.1 Transitional Arrangements for DFR ARFF Services

A.1.1 ARFF crewing levels at Defence aerodromes are to remain extant until a TRA
has been completed. This will ensure the appropriate number of STCP is provided to
deal with aircraft incidents at each aerodrome.
Table 1 below shows – Transitional Arrangements for ARFF Service
DEFENCE AERODROMES
Foam Minimum
Total
ICAO Previous Solution Complementary Minimum
Vehicle Water
Aerodrome MOD Discharge Media Crew
Requirements Capability
Category Category Rate Dry Powder Levels
(Ltr)
(Lpm) (Kg)
Minimum
Special No of IER
personnel36
1 N/A
2 1A 3
3 4
4 2A 4
As per DFSR
3A 03: ARFF 637
5 Vehicle and
Equipment
H3A 538
Requirements As per DFSR 01: ARFF Service Levels of
Table 1 The Protection Table 1- Minimum useable amounts
6 minimum of extinguishing agents. 8
Number of
7 4A ARFF Vehicles 10
at
8 5A Aerodromes. 12
9 6A 15
10 N/A
H1 3
H2 4
H3 5
36
The minimum number of IER personnel identified to operate the equipment provided, is to be recorded within the Unit Risk
Register.
37
Minimum number of personnel required when operating fixed wing ICAO 5 aircraft
38
Minimum number of personnel required when operating H3 Rorary Wing aircraft.
A1-1

Annex A to
DFSR 0204
Dated 12 Sep 19
Intentionally Blank

Regulation ARFF Fire-fighting Media

0205
0205 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-F)
(MF)) shall provide Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting Services
with adequate quantities and properties of fire extinguishing
agents at aerodromes for which they are responsible.
Acceptable ARFF Fire-fighting Media

Means of 1. The Defence ARFF Service providers should ensure that
Compliance provision of ARFF Fire-fighting Media remains compliant with DFSR
0205
Regulation 01 ARFF Service Levels of Protection, Table 1.
2. Fire-fighting foams should be tested in accordance with ICAO
Level B or Level C Performance Test Method as set out in: ICAO Airport
Services Manual, Part 1, Rescue and Fire-fighting 4th Edition (2014),
Chapter 8 (Doc 9137-AN/898 Part 1).
3. The foam produced by an ARFF vehicle, or other such appliance,
should be of an acceptable quality. The delivery parameters (ie
monitors, jet range and pattern), should be maintained and meet the
appropriate operational requirement.
4. In order to ensure foam production by an ARFF vehicle or other
such appliance of an acceptable standard, a Foam Production
Performance Test (ie an acceptance test) should be carried out when:
a. a vehicle is first acquired;and
b. significant maintenance, refurbishment or component
replacements have been undertaken on an ARFF vehicle that
could affect a change in the foam quality or production
performance of the foam-making system. This includes a change
of foam-making branches, nozzles or monitors. Only those parts
of the system that could have been affected by the work
undertaken or the component change need to be tested.
5. The Foam Production Performance Test should confirm the
following:
a. the induction percentage for all foam making devices can
be checked using water instead of foam (if the foam production
system is fitted with an Induction Monitoring System, the test
results obtained from analysis of the foam sample should
correspond with those provided with the monitoring system):
b. the expansion ratio from all foam making devices;
c. the quarter draining time from all foam making devices;
d. the jet range of the main monitor; and
e. the spray pattern of the main monitor.

6. For vehicles equipped with foam monitors capable of producing

foam on the move, the test should include an assessment of this
capability.
7. Induction systems should induce with a tolerance of +/- 10% of
the desired induction percentage at optimum working conditions. Pre-
mixed foam systems should have a foam concentration introduced to
within a tolerance of 1.0 to 1.1 times the manufacturer’s desired
induction rate.
8. The in-service test should be carried out, at least every twelve
months, or in accordance with equipment manufacturers’ instructions (if
more frequent), to ensure the on-going capability of the foam production
system.
9. Due to changes in environmental legislation and the SofS for
Defence’s commitment to environmental protection, Fire-fighting media
should deliver a Fire-fighting capability, whist at the same time be
sympathetic to the environment.
10. The foam solution should be acceptable to the local water
utilities for discharge into the foul sewer, minimising the impact on the
environment and reducing the risk of enforcement action from an
environmental release.
11. The Fire-fighting agents should be compliant with Persistent
Organic Pollutant Regulations. The foam products must be free of any
Perfluorotooctanesulfonic acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane sulfonate
(PFOS) and Per - and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) or any
derivative that is persistent in the environment (there should be no
acceptable lower limit or threshold).
12. The complementary extinguishing agent should be a dry
chemical powder suitable for extinguishing hydrocarbon fires, or any
other alternative agent having equivalent Fire-fighting capability.
13. The complementary agents should comply with the appropriate
specifications of the International Organisation for Standardisation
(ISO).
14. Where the main complementary agent is a gaseous agent
including CO2, a quantity of dry powder1 should be provided to assist
in dealing with a running fuel fire.
15. Systems should be capable of delivering the agent through
equipment which will ensure its effective application.
16. The discharge rate of complementary agents should be selected
for optimum effectiveness of the agent.
17. The required quantities of extinguishing agents should be in
accordance with the aerodrome category, as identified within DFSR
1
Refer to DFSR 01: ARFF Service Levels of Protection – Table 1

Regulation 01 ARFF Service Levels of Protection Table 12. And, be

available for immediate discharge from ARFF appliances.
18. For aerodrome categories Special, 1 and 2: hose line(s) of
sufficient length(s) appropriate to dealing with fires involving the sizes
and types of aircraft normally using the aerodrome, and which include a
hand-controlled foam-making branch, should be provided.
19. For aerodrome categories 3-10, the discharge rates for foam
should be met using vehicle mounted monitor(s).
20. Where different types of extinguishing agents are used on an
Aerodrome, care should be taken to ensure that incompatible types are
kept apart and stored in accordance with manufacturer’s guidance.
21. The quantity of foam concentrates separately provided on
vehicles for foam production should be in proportion to the quantity of
water provided; being sufficient to produce at least two full discharges of
foam solution. The discharge rate of foam solution should not be less
than the rates shown in DFSR Regulation 01 ARFF Service Levels of
Protection Table 1.
22. It is essential that the foam produced by ARFF vehicles is of an
acceptable quality and that delivery parameters are maintained to the
appropriate operational requirements. To ensure that foam production
is of an appropriate standard, Foam Production Tests should be carried
out, in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions, and a record of the
results of these tests maintained.
23. Vehicle foam tanks should be kept full at all times when the
vehicle is in operational service.
24. A reserve supply of foam concentrate, equivalent to 200% of the
quantities required to produce at least two full discharges of foam
solution for the aerodrome ICAO category as detailed in Table 1 below,
should be maintained on the aerodrome for vehicle replenishment
purposes. Foam concentrate carried on fire vehicles more than the
quantity required to deliver two full discharges of foam solution can
contribute to the reserve.
Table 1 below shows – ICAO Foam Requirements when using
Performance Level B Foam.
Foam to meet Water on
200% Foam
Crash Category Wheels Requirement
Requirement (Ltr)
(Ltr)
3% 6% 3% 6%
1 14 28 28 56
2 40 80 80 160
3 72 144 144 288
4 144 288 288 576
5 324 648 648 1296
6 474 948 948 1896
7 726 1452 1452 2904
2
The amounts of water specified for foam solution production are predicated on an application rate of 5.5 Ltrs/min/m² for foam
meeting performance level B and 3.75 Ltrs/min/m² for foam meeting performance level C.

8 1092 2184 2184 4368
9 1458 2916 2916 5832
10 1938 3876 3876 7752
H1 30 60 60 120
H2 60 120 120 240
H3 96 192 192 384
Notes:
1. The amounts provided within this table are for when using Performance
Level B foam with the reduced levels of water identified within DFSR Regulation
01 ARFF Service Levels of Protection Table 1.
2. To calculate foam requirements for vehicle tanks - ICAO Water on Wheels
Requirement x foam percentage / 100 x 2 = Vehicle Tank Requirement.
3. To calculate Reserve Foam requirements – Vehicle Tank Requirement x 2
= 200%.
Table 2 below shows – ICAO Foam Requirements when using

Performance Level C Foam.
Foam to meet Water on 200% Foam
Wheels Requirement Requirement (Ltr)
Crash Category
(Ltr)
3% 6% 3% 6%
1 10 20 20 40
2 28 56 56 112
3 50 100 100 200
4 102 204 204 408
5 234 468 468 936
6 348 696 696 1392
7 528 1056 1056 2112
8 768 1536 1536 3072
9 1026 2052 2052 4104
10 1368 2736 2736 5472
H1 21 42 42 84
H2 42 84 84 168
H3 65 130 130 260
Notes:
1. The amounts provided within this table are for when using Performance
Level C foam with the reduced levels of water identified within DFSR Regulation
01 ARFF Service Levels of Protection.
2. To calculate foam requirements for vehicle tanks - ICAO Water on Wheels
Requirement x foam percentage / 100 x 2 = Vehicle Tank Requirement.
3. To calculate Reserve Foam requirements – Vehicle Tank Requirement x 2
= 200%.
25. A reserve supply of complementary extinguishing agents,

equivalent to 100% of the quantities identified within DFSR Regulation
01 ARFF Service Levels of Protection Table 1, should be maintained
on the aerodrome.
26. Reserve extinguishing agents should be available within agreed
and acceptable timescales, as dictated by the establishments
Emergency Orders - (Aerodrome Crash Plan) .

27. Additional water supplies should be provided for the expeditious

replenishment of ARFF vehicles at the scene of an aircraft incident..
28. Additional water to replenish vehicles may be required in as little
as five minutes after an incident. Therefore, the aerodrome ARFF
Service is required to conduct an analysis to determine the extent to
which it, and its associated storage and delivery facilities, should be
provided.
29. The aerodrome ARFF service should consider the following
when assessing Aerodrome water supplies:
a. size and type of aircraft using the aerodrome;
b. the capacities and discharge rates of ARFF vehicles;
c. the provision of hydrants;
d. the provision of static water supplies;
e. utilisation of existing natural water supplies;
f. vehicle response times;
g. historical data of water used during aircraft incidents;
h. the need and availability of supplementary pumping capacity;
i. the provision of additional vehicle-borne supplies;
j. the level of support provided by Civil Emergency Services;
k.the Pre-Determined Attendance (PDA) response of Civil
Emergency Services; and
l. fixed pumps, where these may provide a rapid and less
resource-intensive method of replenishment.
30. A Water Assessment is at (DFSR Form 03), once completed this
should be included in the Unit Defence Aerodrome Manual (DAM).
31. Where insufficient water supplies are identified, it should be
recorded on the Establishment Station Risk Register, the Aerodrome
Operating Hazard Log (within the DAM), and elevated to the AO with
the implications for the provision of the ARFF crash category.
Guidance ARFF Fire-fighting Media

Material
1. The objective of Fire-fighting media is to extinguish/suppress a
0205 fire on which it is applied. Principal agents provide an air-excluding
blanket which prevents volatile flammable vapours from mixing with air
or oxygen and provide for permanent control, ie for a period of several
minutes or longer. Complementary agents may provide rapid-fire
suppression but generally only offer transitory control during application.
2. The ICAO Critical Area Concept is not intended to ensure
extinguishment of the entire fire; it seeks to control the area of fire

adjacent to the fuselage. The objective is to safeguard the integrity of
the fuselage and maintain tolerable conditions for its occupants.
3. Principal extinguishing agents include:
a. foam meeting the minimum performance level B;
b. foam meeting the minimum performance level C; or
c. a combination of these agents.
4. Both Principal and Complementary agents are to be provided at
a defence aerodrome.
5. Manufacturer standard test procedures and equipment
requirements are to be detailed in: the ARFF Vehicle Army Equipment
Support Publication (AESP), Technical Support Documents or ARFF
Service Provider equivalent publication.
6. A quantity of gaseous agent or CO2 will need to be provided for
use on aircraft engine fires.
7. Extinguishing agent quantities designated as reserve (including
the stocks on the vehicle), are to be held in an appropriate manner
which easily allows vehicles to be replenished promptly.
8. In addition to any statutory or legal requirements, ARFF Services
are to ensure that they:
a. comply with manufacturers storage instructions;
b. complete regular inspection and testing;
c. maintain log books and records; and
d. comply with manufacturers recommended service and test
intervals.
9. Training foams do not comply with any recognised national or
international standards; however, they will be quality assured by the
manufacturer. They may be formulated to mimic the operational foams
for induction, drainage and expansion properties; however, their Fire-
fighting properties may be reduced. Personnel must understand this
feature of training foams before they are used. Care is to be taken to
prevent confusion between the storage and use of training foams with
their operational counterparts.
10. Where the manufacturer can demonstrate that the training foam
produces identical test results, to those expected to be obtained by the
operational Fire-fighting foam, it may be used to conduct the foam
production performance and ‘in-service’ tests. Training foam is to be
managed in the same manner as operational foam.
11. The objective of providing additional water supplies at adequate
pressure and flow is to ensure rapid replenishment of ARFF vehicles.
This supports the principle of continuous application of extinguishing
media to maintain survivable conditions at the scene of an aircraft
incident for far longer than that provided for by the minimum amounts of
water detailed in DFSR Regulation 01: ARFF Service Levels of
Protection Table 1.

Regulation ARFF Operations

0206 0206 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-F)
(MF)) shall ensure that Aerodrome Rescue Fire-fighting
Services are provided to cover all operations considered
necessary at locations for which they are responsible.
Acceptable DFSR 0206: ARFF Operations

Means of
Compliance 1. The ARFF capability should be commensurate with the
0206 appropriate category of the operating aircraft at that location1. The
ARFF capability should be maintained for a period of not less than 15
minutes prior to, or following, flying operations.
2. The ARFF Service should respond as quickly as possible to
accidents and/or incidents to create maximum opportunity for saving
life. Achievements of response times are dependent on the size of
aerodrome, location of fire station(s), disposition of vehicles, personnel
and weather conditions at any given time.
3. At an Aerodrome, the operational objective of the ARFF Service
should, in optimum surface and visibility2, achieve response times of
two minutes and not exceeding three minutes to any point of each
operational runway, as well as to any other part of the operating area.
4. At a surface level heliport, the operational objective of the ARFF
Services should be to achieve response times not exceeding two
minutes in optimum surface and visibility.
5. It is recognised that a two-minute response time for rotary wing
aircraft, may not always be achievable; particularly in training areas
where helicopter movements are outside the aerodrome boundary. In
these cases, the ARFF Services should respond with due care and
attention.
6. To achieve this operational objective, a response Safe System
of Work should be produced, including Tactics, Techniques and
Procedures (TTP) for dealing with all foreseen aircraft incidents, to
achieve an effective and safe ARFF Service. This is to be achieved by
carrying out a comprehensive Hazard and Risk Assessment in
accordance with DFSR Regulation 02: ARFF Response.
7. During routine flying operations the ARFF Service will be at
Immediate Readiness, allowing personnel to carry out maintenance,
training and extraneous duties in accordance with DFSR Regulation
02: ARFF Response. However, there will be circumstances and
operational tasks that require a pre-determined response from the
ARFF Service.
1
FLC requirements may require aerodromes to operate at a higher category than the aircraft normally operating from the
aerodrome.

8. The minimum operating category for aircraft carrying Dangerous

Goods (DG) should be maintained. ARFF Services should be at
Readiness State 3 (in accordance with DFSR Regulation 02: ARFF
Response) for air transport movements carrying DG 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and
1.5. During unloading / loading of all UN class 1 (except 1.4) for
optimum response a manned ARFF vehicle should be located near
the operation..
9. Aero-med Flights may carry passengers who are not capable,
unaided, of evacuating an aircraft in an emergency and may
necessitate additional assistance from the ARFF Service. The ARFF
services should be at Readiness State 3 (in accordance with DFSR
Regulation 02: ARFF Response), during the aircraft movement, and in
some circumstances this may necessitate an ARFF vehicle to follow
the aircraft to the parking or the take-off point.
10. ARFF services should be of the category appropriate to the
aircraft involved for Royal Flights. The ARFF services should be at
Readiness State 3 (in accordance with DFSR Regulation 02: ARFF
Response), for the duration of the aircraft movement. In circumstances
where the normal ARFF provisioning are inadequate, the parent
Command HQ should seek the necessary augmentation. Where this
not possible, the aircraft operating authority should carry out a Risk
Assessment in accordance with DFSR Regulation 07: ARFF
Reductions in ARFF Cover.
11. The HoE/AM(MF) is responsible for specifying the level of ARFF
cover after the cessation of flying operations. Advice should be
obtained from the aerodrome Senior ARFF Officer present, with
consideration given to higher risk aircraft operations such as:
a. Ground runs (including APUs);
b. fuelling/de-fuelling operations;
c. Fuel flow testing;
d. Hot Work (heat producing) procedures being carried out
on or adjacent to aircraft; and
e. Loading and unloading of Dangerous Goods (DG).
12. Subject to a Risk Assessment, the aerodrome crash category
provided may be maintained/lowered or removed as necessary. The
HoE/AM(MF) should complete the Risk Assessment (DFSR Form
043/05)4 confirming the decision regarding the level of ARFF cover to
be provided, adding caveats as necessary. Once completed the Risk
Assessment should be placed in the Unit DAM.
3
For all Defence Aerodromes.
4
For Aerodromes operating under Contractor Flying Approved Organization Scheme (CFAOS).

Guidance ARFF Operations

Material
1. There is no requirement to increase the ARFF crash category for
0206 Armed Aircraft, where the principle objectives contained within DFSR
Regulation 02: ARFF Response are met with the available resources
(as listed in DFSR Regulation 01: ARFF Service Levels of Protection
Table 2).
2. A reduction in the ARFF services below that stated in DFSR
Regulation 01: ARFF Service Levels of Protection Table 2 is not
appropriate ircraft operating in an armed role.
3. The hazardous nature of rotors turning/engines running
refuelling, requires a Risk Assessment to be undertaken by
HoE/ADHs/AM(MF)s with advice from the aerodrome Senior ARFF
Officer to identify appropriate levels of fire protection commensurate to
the risk. Agreed procedures are to be published within Unit Orders.
4. Due to the dynamic nature of Aircraft Display Flying5 the
aerodrome may need to increase the ARFF service provision.
Consequently, it is the responsibility of the HoE/AO (in consultation
with the aerodrome ARFF service), to facilitate the necessary increase
in ARFF provision.
5. Following a Risk Assesment6, the agreed level of ARFF
capability, including personnel levels confirmed by completion of a
Task Resource Analysis (TRA) in accordance with DFSR Regulation
04: ARFF Personnel Requirements, and state of readiness for a flying
display will be recorded7 and agreed by all stakeholders.
6. Remotely Piloted Air System (RPAS) ADHs/AM(MF)s are
required to conduct a Risk Assesment to determine a level of ARFF
service that is appropriate and proportionate to the risk and record the
findings. Hazard Data Sheets and Post-Crash Management Plans are
to be kept up to date and Units are to pre-plan with all relevant Civilian
Emergency Services in areas where RPAS may be operated8.
7. Ground Instructional Aircraft (GIA) are used in the training of
aircraft handlers and do not take-off or land. Typically, these aircraft
have reduced fuel loads, are unarmed and operate at reduced power
levels. Due to the reduced hazard profile and kinetic movements of the
GIAs, a Risk Assesment is to be undertaken by DH/AM(MF)s utilising
the Senior ARFF Officer SQEP advice to identify appropriate levels of
fire protection commensurate to the risk. This Risk Assesment is to be
recorded and details of actions to be taken published in Local Orders.
5
As defined within MAA RA 2335 Flying Displays and Flypasts
6
Using DFSR 0205 for Defence and DFSR 0206 for AM (MF)
7
DFSR Form 04 or DFSR 0205 is to be used to record the outcome of the Risk Assesment.
8
Refer to MAA RA1600 Remotely Piloted Air Systems.

Intentionally Blank

Regulation ARFF Reductions in Cover

0207 0207 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-F)
(MF)) shall ensure that processes are in place for informing the
Duty Holder(s) when there are reductions to the correct aircraft
category at aerodromes for which they are responsible or when
aircraft are due to operate at aerodromes below the specific
aircraft category.
Acceptable ARFF Reductions in Cover

Means of
Compliance 1. The AO should confirm that the ARFF Service Provider has
0207 sufficient policy/procedures in place to notify the DH/AM(MF) chain of any
reductions in ARFF Services ensuring, through Risk Assesment, flying
operations either continue, are restricted, or cease.
2. The ARFF Service Provider should have policy/procedures in
place to notify the Aircraft Duty Holder (ADH), Aerodrome Operator (AO)
and Accountable Manager (Military Flying) (AM (MF)) of the risks
associated with operating aircraft at aerodromes that are below the
aircraft category for a specified aircraft.
Guidance ARFF Reductions in Cover

Material 3. The ARFF services provided are to be appropriate to the
0207 aerodrome category, as detailed in DFSR Regulation 01: ARFF Service
Levels of Protection. Exceptions include:
a. ‘Remission’ or
b. ‘Reduced Hazard Profile Categories’.
4. There is no requirement to increase the ARFF Crash Category
for Armed Aircraft where the principle objectives contained within DFSR
Regulation 02: ARFF Response are met with the available resources
(listed in DFSR Regulation 01: ARFF Service Levels of Protection Table
2).
5. In the event of an unexpected reduction in ARFF capability (eg
unserviceability of a vehicle, specialist equipment or unplanned
shortage of fire personnel), the senior ARFF Officer on duty will
implement the Risk Assesment in accordance with (DFSR Form
061/07.2):
a. Complete the relevant section of the ARFF Risk
Assesment Form;
b. Detail the nature of the reduction in ARFF capability;
1
2

c. State what ARFF capability remains; and
d. Provide an estimate of how long the reduced capability is
expected to persist.
6. Once completed by the Senior ARFF Officer present, the DFSR
Form 06/07 is to be sent to the DATCO/ATCO IC to allow the HoE or
AO3 to determine what, if any, action will be taken concerning
continuance of flying operations. The decision to stop, restrict or
continue flying operations will depend on the nature of the reduction of
ARFF capability. The HoE or AO is required to complete DFSR Form
06/07 confirming the decision regarding the status of flying operations,
adding caveats as necessary. Completed appendices constitute the
formal audit trail of the Risk Assesment and are to be included within
the Unit DAM.
7. When the AOA/ADH/AM(MF) is content to use an aerodrome at
lower than required ARFF category, the agreement of the receiving
aerodromes HoE/AO is to be obtained before use. The HoE/AO of the
receiving aerodrome will endeavour to meet the required ARFF
category, but where this is not possible he/she may approve the use.
Any decision not to support the below ARFF category movement is to
be communicated to the relevant AOA/ADH/AM(MF). The Risk
Assesment process detailed in Annex A is to be used to assist the
ADH/HoE/AM(MF) decision. It is permissible for the Aircraft Operating
Authority (AOA )to issue standing dispensation for regular activity.
8. When dealing with an in-flight aircraft emergency, the aircraft
commander may elect to land at an aerodrome which will not meet the
criteria set out in this document.
3
AM (MF) operating iaw MAA RA 3049 Defence Contractor Flying Organization responsibilities for UK Military Air System Operating
Locations will complete DFSR Form 07

Annex A to
DFSR 0207
Dated 12 Sep 19
ARFF Risk Assessment guidance sheet

A.1. Introduction
A.1.1 Where circumstances dictate that flying is conducted to/from aerodromes with
reduced levels of ARFF services, the ADHs/AM (MF)1, in consultation with the
Aerodrome Operator (AO), may approve such activity following a Risk Assesment
informed by advice from the Defence ARFF Service Provider.
A.1.2 The Risk Assesment is conducted using DFSR From 02062/02073 which is to
be archived within the Unit Defence Aerodrome Manual (DAM) once completed,
providing an auditable record of the HoE/ADH’s/AM(MF) decision. Aircraft Operating
Authorities (AOA) are responsible for detailing (in Orders), who can make risk-based
decisions and to the level of reduced ARFF category which will require elevation to the
appropriate risk owner.
A.1.3 The Risk Assesment must consider the associated risks and potential
outcomes prior to exposing not only aircraft, aircrew, passengers, and equipment, but
also MOD resources and emergency services personnel to any increased exposure to
potential hazards.
A.1.4 This guidance sheet is intended to assist in the formulation of a Risk
Assesment, considering all factors prior to accepting a reduction in ARFF cover. The
Risk Assesment, including any action taken to reduce identified hazards, is to be
recorded.
A.2. Considerations
A.2.1 When compiling a Risk Assesment, the following factors are to be considered
as a minimum:
Aircraft Type:
a. does the a/c have ejection seats or other assisted escape systems?;
b. does the a/c construction include large quantities of Composite Materials?;
c. is the a/c carrying weapons/armaments and/or significant pyrotechnic
stores?;
d. is the a/c carrying its full complement of crew/passengers?;
e. would rescue of crew/passenger’s entail firefighters entering a fuselage?;
f. would rescue of crew/passenger’s entail firefighters having to utilise
additional rescue equipment eg ladders, hydraulic rescue equipment, etc?; and
g. what is the a/c fuel load (Hydrazine/AVTUR/AVGAS)?
1
It is acknowledged that in some cases the roles of ADH/AM(MF)/HoE and AO will be the same individual(s); equally that in some
cases the HoE will NOT be an ADH or the AO. The requirement is that in order to operate from an aerodrome at a lesser ARFF
state than normally required by the Air System, the platform RISK OWNER (or empowered representative) is the only person who
can accept the lower ARFF state and continue with ops. AO are to be consulted but can only advise/inform the risk owner,
notwithstanding that they can ultimately decline to accept the air system.
2
3
A1-52

Annex A to
DFSR 0207
Dated 12 Sep 19
Aircraft Operations:
a. number of aircraft moves (low intensity, high intensity)?;
b. are paired/multiple take offs and landings being conducted?;
c. are paired/multiple take offs and landings of training a/c (pilots under
instruction) being conducted?;
d. are ‘first solo flights’ being conducted?;
e. are aerobatic manoeuvres being performed?;
f. is the a/c carrying Dangerous Air Cargo/Dangerous Goods?;
g. is the a/c operating in an Aero-med role?;
a. are rotors turning or engine running refuels being conducted?; and
b. is the a/c operating in accordance with its release to service?
Location:
a. are adequate water supplies for emergency purposes readily available?;
b. does the terrain provide problems for access/egress of emergency service
vehicles; eg marshy land or watercourses?;
c. are there other ground hazards in close proximity to the a/c operating
area; eg fuel installations, armament/weapons stores, etc?;
d. are emergency medical/ambulance services available to support rescue
operations?;
e. are the Civil Emergency Service (CES) capable of providing adequate
support (eg back-up water supply) within an acceptable timeframe?;
f. does the location afford good radio communications (eg no radio black
spots)?; and
g. are remaining firefighters able to be transported to the scene of operations
by alternative means - to assist with initial Fire-fighting operations?

Regulation ARFF Training Requirements
0208 0208 Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-facing Organizations, Heads
of Establishment (HoE) and Accountable Managers (Military
Flying) (AM (MF)) shall ensure that Aerodrome Rescue Fire-
fighting Services are properly trained and qualified to operate at
aerodromes for which they are responsible.
Acceptable ARFF Training Requirements

Means of 1. Personnel providing ARFF Services for aircraft operations are
Compliance seldom called upon to deal with major aircraft fires/incidents. The
0208 maintenance of skills and core competencies required, are to be
maintained by carefully following a planned and meticulous training
programme. This assures both personnel and equipment will be
capable in dealing with an aircraft fire/incident and great emphasis
should be placed upon the training of ARFF personnel.
2. The Aviation Duty Holders (ADH), ADH-Facing (ADH-F)
Organizations, Heads of Establishment (HoE) and Accountable
Manager (Military Flying) (AM (MF)) should ensure that:
a. all ARFF personnel required to act in aviation emergencies,
demonstrate their medical fitness to execute their function
satisfactorily, taking in to account the type of activity;
b. all ARFF personnel are provided with training, including
standardized aircraft rescue and fire-fighting information1
allowing personnel to safely isolate aircraft systems and carry out
rescue procedures from all station based and regular visiting
aircraft;
c. all ARFF personnel have access to standardized ARFF
specific technical information for all NATO aircraft;
d. all ARFF personnel are trained to carry out the role in which
they are expected to perform operational ARFF duties;
e. all ARFF personnel maintain the required competencies
through a Maintenance of Competence Scheme (MOCS)
endorsed by the relevant Training Requirements Authority (TRA);
f. suitable facilities or means for conducting the required
training are provided. This is to include the use of aircraft ‘live’
fire simulators corresponding to the dominant risk profile of the
aerodrome; and
g. all ARFF personnel participate in ‘live’ fire drills
commensurate with the types of aircraft and the type of rescue
and Fire-fighting equipment in use at the aerodrome.
3. ‘Live’ fire training facilities should make provision for ARFF
personnel to practice the tactics, techniques and procedures for the
1
Training material is to be in accordance with NATO STANAG 3896 - Aerospace Emergency Rescue and Mishap Response
Information (Emergency Services).
control and extinction of aviation fuel fires, including pressure fed fires.
‘Live’ fire frequencies are set in accordance with: NATO STANAG 7145
ATM – Minimum Core Competency Levels and Proficiency of Skills for
Firefighters as follows:
a. Daytime - no less than once every 6 months; and
b. Darkness - no less than once per year2.
4. ARFF training programmes should include Air Safety training3 and
training in human performance, including team co-ordination.
5. The ADH, ADH-F Organizations, HoE and AM (MF) should:
a. ensure there are sufficient numbers of Suitably Qualified
Experienced Personnel (SQEP) trainers and assessors, as per
JSP 822 Defence Direction and Guidance for Training and
Education, for the effective implementation of the MOCS at the
aerodrome;
b. implement proficiency checks at adequate intervals to ensure
continued competence of all ARFF personnel;
c. ensure assessment of the competency of the individual(s)
determining, evaluating and conducting training is in accordance
with JSP 822 Defence Direction and Guidance for Training and
Education; and
d. ensure that all ARFF personnel maintain appropriate
qualification, training and proficiency check records to
demonstrate compliance to this regulation.
6. All ARFF training should meet the requirements of the individual
Role Performance Statements (Role PS) endorsed by the relevant
TRA4.
7. ARFF training Should include initial and recurring5 familiarization
of all station-based and regular visiting aircraft. Training should be in
accordance with all aircraft engineering authorizations.
8. At category 1 and 2 aerodromes, ARFF training requirements
should comply with at least those identified in CAP 168 Licensing of
Aerodromes Chapter 8 – Appendix B.
9. At Category ‘Special’ aerodromes, operating under MAA RA 3261
(2) Aerodrome Emergency Services, training requirements should
comply with, at least those identified within: CAP 168 Licensing of
Aerodromes Chapter 8 – Appendix C6.
2
Only required for ARFF Service personnel that are required to operate on an aerodrome that operates during the hours of
darkness.
3
Refer to MAA RA 1440 – Air Safety Training.
4
The Task Resource Analysis process may identify training needs within individual aerodrome to deal with aircraft Worst Case
Scenario's.
5
Frequency is to be determined by a Task Needs Analysis.
6
Greater detail of an IER Training Manual is contained within the CAA Initial Emergency Response Training Framework Document.

10. Proficiency checks should be carried out as agreed by the TRA in
accordance with JSP 822 Defence Direction and Guidance for Training
and Education.
11. Qualification, training and proficiency check records, endorsed by
the T
12. RA, should be maintained and held for each individual of the
ARFF Service for a minimum of 4 years following the end of an
individual’s employment7.
Guidance ARFF Training Requirements

Material 13. Physical fitness standards for ARFF personnel are a single
0208 Service (sS) requirement. However, guidance can be found in NATO
STANAG 7162 CFR – Standardization of Physical Fitness Maintenance
Program for fire-fighters.
14. Training of ARFF personnel employed within Defence,is to utilise
the Defence Systems Approach to Training (DSAT); in accordance with
the authoritive policy as directed by Joint Service Publication (JSP) 822
Defence Direction and Guidance for Training and Education. This
policy directs and guides Defence personnel to ensure that training and
education are: appropriate, efficient, effective, risk focussed and most
importantly, safe.
15. AOC 22 Trg Gp is the Training Requirements Authority (TRA) for
all Service training, this is delegated to the Battlespace Management
Force Commander (BMFC) as the delegated 1 Star (1*) Joint TRA for
Shore-Side Professional Fire-fighting within Defence. 22 Trg Gp
Director Ground Training (DGT) has been identified as the 1* TRA for
IER personnel operating under MAA RA 3261 (2) Aerodrome
Emergency Services at Defence aerodromes.
16. In accordance with JSP 822: Defence Direction and Guidance for
Training and Education - following a thorough Task Needs Analysis
(TNA), Role Performance Statements (Role PS) are to be developed for
each role required by ARFF Service providers. These Role PS provide
the requirements that are needed for each role within the ARFF
Service, as such all training is to be designed to meet the requirements
of the Role PS.
17. At Category 1-10 and H1-H3 aerodromes/surface level heliports all
ARFF personnel are to be at Training Performance Standard (TPS)
following attendance at an ARFF Training Centre, prior to carrying out
operational fire fighter duties.
18. At category ‘Special’ aerodromes IER personnel are to be
provided with sufficient training, prior to carrying out their role.
19. A generic MOCS is to be utilised for all ARFF Service personnel.
However, this can be individually tailored to ensure that it meets all
7
CAP 699 Framework for competence of Rescue and Fire Fighting Service (RFFS) personnel.

requirements of each aerodrome. The aerodrome senior ARFF Officer
is to ensure that all site-specific training requirements are covered by
the generic MOCS. Any shortfalls identified are to be met by the
introduction of local training packages endorsed by the TRA.
20. The provision of training facilities at each aerodrome allow ARFF
personnel to train (maintaining core competences and key skills), to
ensure that all personnel remain SQEP.
21. Where training facilities are unavailable at the aerodrome, training
can be achieved externally. Where a Unit elects to use an external
training provider, it is important to ensure that ARFF personnel train
with the types of vehicles and equipment that are used at the
aerodrome at which they are employed.
22. The tactics, techniques and procedures used during training
scenarios are to be compliant with the service providers operational
policy and procedures.
23. Ideally, ‘live fire’ training will involve Class B liquid fires. However,
considering the various environmental requirements and sources of
guidance, the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) may be
considered as a suitable alternative.
24. If LPG is used during live fire drills it is important that , ARFF
personnel are provided with suitable training to enable them to
recognise the differing characteristics of LPG as opposed to Class B
fires when used to simulate realistic fire training8.
25. The training facilities are to enable ARFF personnel to periodically
practice the application of Multiple Extinguishing Agent application at
the aerodrome.
26. The aircraft simulator is to make provision for ARFF personnel to
practice:
a. Incident Command;
b. Aircraft external fires;
c. Aircraft internal fires;
d. Gaining entry;
e. Search and Rescue; and
f. Specialist equipment drills (e.g. High Reach Extendable
Turret (HRET), aerial appliances, rescue/emergency stairs).
27. To meet this Regulation ARFF Service providers operating under:
MAA RA 3049 – Defence Contractor Flying Organisation responsibilities
for UK Military Air System Operating Locations, may choose to utilise
CAA CAP 699 - Framework for the competence of Rescue and Fire-
fighting Service (RFFS) personnel.
8
1* TRA for Shore-side Professional Fire-fighting within Defence has confirmed that “A small residual Trg gap exists for aerodromes
with LPG only Trg facilities and this should be reflected in the Formal Trg Statement (FTS) as a Residual Trg Gap (RTG)”

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DSA DFSR 02 – Defence

Aerodrome Rescue & Fire

DFSR 02 ARFF Regs (Issue 2) UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Page 1 of 59

Defence Strategic Direction 2016 (DSD 16)

JSP 441 - Managing Information in Defence

Military Aviation Authority (MAA) Publications and RAs:

RA 1024 - Accountable Manager (Military Flying) (AM (MF)).

RA 1026 - Roles and Responsibilities: Aerodrome Operator.

RA 1440 - Air Safety Training.

RA 1600 - Remotely Piloted Air Systems (RPAS).

RA 2307 - Rules of the Air.

RA 2335 - Flying Displays and Flypasts.

RA 2415 - Civil Use of Government Aerodromes.

RA 3049 - Defence Contractor Flying Organization responsibilities for UK Air

RA 3261 (2) - Aerodrome Emergency Services.

RA 3263 - Aerodrome Classification.

RA 3267 - Aerodrome Vehicle Marking and Lighting Requirements.

RA 3500 Aerodrome Design and Safeguarding.

RA 3550 – Temporary Landing Zones.

RA 3311 - Controllers Emergency Actions.

Defence Aerodrome Manual (DAM).

Manual of Military Air Traffic Management (MMATM)

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Standardised Agreements

STANAG 3117 Aircraft Marshalling Signals. Standard AFSP-2 Aircraft Marshalling

DFSR 02 ARFF Regs (Issue 2) UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Page 2 of 59

STANAG 3712 CFR (Edition 8) - Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting (ARFF)

STANAG 7132 CFR (Edition 2) - Personal Protective and Fire-fighting Equipment

STANAG 7145 ATM (Edition 5) - Minimum Core Competency Levels and

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Documents:

EASA Commission Regulation (EU) No 139/2014.

EASA Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) to

EASA Annex to Decision 2016/009/R Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)

International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Documents:

ICAO Annex 14 - Volume 1 Aerodromes - Aerodrome Design and Operations 7th

ICAO Annex 14 - Volume 2 Aerodromes - Heliports 4th Edition.

ICAO Airport Services Manual Part 1 - 4th Edition.

ICAO Heliport Manual - 3rd Edition.

Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Documents:

CAP 168 Licensing of Aerodromes.

DFSR 02 ARFF Regs (Issue 2) UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Page 3 of 59

CAP 789 Requirements and Guidance Material for Operators.

CAP 1150 Information Paper 04 Task and Resource Analysis.

CAP 1168 Guidance material for organisations, operations and design

CAA Information Notice (IN-2016/052) – EASA ED Decision 2016/09/R Rescue

CAA Information Notice (IN-2017/031) - Aerodrome Rescue and Fire-fighting

CAA Initial Emergency Response Training Framework Document.

United Kingdom Emergency Service Publications:

Joint Emergency Services Interoperability Programme (JESIP).

National Operational Guidance.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Publications:

FAA 14 CFR Part 139

National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) Documents:

DFSR 02 ARFF Regs (Issue 2) UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Page 4 of 59

DSA 02 DFSR ARFF Regulations

Regulation The Defence Regulation is reiterated in the relevant regulation

Acceptable The Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) provides practical

Guidance Provides Guidance Material which, whilst not compulsory, may be

DFSR 02 ARFF Regs (Issue 2) UNCONTROLLED COPY WHEN PRINTED Page 5 of 59

This regulation has been substantially re-written: for clarification, no