R.M.K.

ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
R.S.M Nagar, Kavaraipettai, GummidipoondiTaluk, ThiruvallurDt- 601 206.
(Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai/Approved by AICTE, New Delhi /
/ Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade/ All the eligible UG Programs are accredited by NBA, New Delhi)

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

(MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT)
Regulation 2022

22CS102-SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES

LABORATORY MANUAL

COMMON FOR B.E./B.TECH - FIRST YEAR

 R.M.K. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
R.S.M Nagar, Kavaraipettai, GummidipoondiTaluk, ThiruvallurDt- 601 206.
(Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai/Approved by AICTE, New Delhi /
/ Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade/ All the eligible UG Programs are accredited by NBA, New Delhi)

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

(MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT)
Regulation 2022
22MA101-MATRICES AND CALCULUS
LABORATORY MANUAL

COMMON FOR B.E./B.TECH - FIRST YEAR

Name :-----------------------------------------------

Reg. Number : ----------------------------------------------

Branch/Section : ----------------------------------------------

Academic Year/Semester : ----------------------------------------------

Prepared by Verified by Approved by Approved by

Dr. K. A.
Name Dr. Kumar T R K Mr. S. Vijayakumar Dr. S. Pavai Madheswari
Mohamed Junaid
Associate Professor
Associate Professor Academic coordinator
Designation and Mathematics Principal
(Mathematics) &HoD /S&H
Division Head

Sign.

Date
 MATRICES & CALCULUS
Course L T P C
Code (Common to all First year B.E. / B. Tech. except
CSBS)
22MA101 Semester I 3 0 2 4
(Theory Course with Laboratory Component)

OBJECTIVES:

The syllabus is designed to:

● explain the concepts of matrix algebra techniques needed for practical applications.
● determine the curvature of the curves.
● illustrate the simple applications of multivariable calculus and vector calculus.
● elaborate the concept and application of multiple integrals.

UNIT I MATRICES 15
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a real matrix – Properties of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors –
Statement and applications of Cayley-Hamilton Theorem – Diagonalization of matrices by
orthogonal transformation – Reduction of a quadratic form to canonical form by orthogonal
transformation – Nature of quadratic forms.
Theory : 9
Experiments using SCILAB:

1. Introduction to SCILAB through matrices and general syntax.

2. Finding the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors.
3. Plotting the graph of a quadratic form.
Laboratory: 6

UNIT II SINGLE VARIABLE CALCULUS 15

Curvature in Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates – Centre and radius of curvature – Circle of
curvature–Evolutes.
Theory: 9
Experiments using SCILAB:

1. Evaluating the radius of curvature.

2. Finding the coordinates of the center of curvature.
3. Tracing of Curves.
Laboratory: 6

UNIT III MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS 15

Partial derivatives (excluding Euler’s theorem) – Total derivative – Differentiation of implicit

functions – Jacobian and properties – Taylor’s series for functions of two variables – Maxima
and minima of functions of two variables.
Theory: 9
Experiments using SCILAB:
 1. Evaluating the maxima of functions of several variables.
2. Evaluating the minima of functions of several variables.
3. Evaluation of Jacobians.
Laboratory: 6

UNIT IV MULTIPLE INTEGRALS 15

Double integrals – Change of order of integration – Area enclosed by plane curves – Triple
integrals – Volume of solids.
Theory: 9
Experiments using SCILAB:

1. Evaluating area under a curve.

2. Evaluating area using double integral.
3. Evaluation of volume by integrals.
Laboratory: 6

UNIT V VECTOR CALCULUS 15

Gradient, divergence and curl (excluding vector identities) – Directional derivative –

Irrotational and Solenoidal vector fields – Vector integration – Green’s theorem in a plane and
Gauss divergence theorem (Statement only) – Simple applications involving cubes and
rectangular parallelopipeds.

Theory: 9
Experiments using SCILAB:

1. Evaluating gradient.
2. Evaluating directional derivative.
3. Evaluating divergent and curl.
Laboratory: 6
COURSE OUTCOMES:

After the successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: use the matrix algebra methods to diagonalize the matrix.
CO2: determine the evolute of the curve.
CO3: apply differential calculus ideas on the function of several variables.
CO4: evaluate the area and volume by applying the concept of multiple integration .
CO5: utilize the concept of vector calculus in evaluating integrals.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Erwin Kreyszig, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, John Wiley and Sons, 10th
Edition, New Delhi, 2016.
2. B.S. Grewal, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 43rd
Edition, 2014.
REFERENCES:
1. M. K. Venkataraman, “Engineering Mathematics”, Volume I, 4th Edition, The National
 Publication Company, Chennai, 2003.
2. Sivaramakrishna Dass, C. Vijayakumari, “Engineering Mathematics”, Pearson
Education India, 4th Edition 2019.
3. H. K. Dass, and Er. Rajnish Verma, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, S. Chand
Private Limited, 3rd Edition 2014.
4. B.V. Ramana, “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company, 6th Edition, New Delhi, 2008.
5. S.S. Sastry, “Engineering Mathematics”, Vol. I & II, PHI Learning Private Limited, 4th
Edition, New Delhi, 2014.
6. James Stewart, “Calculus: Early Transcendentals”, Cengage Learning, 7th Edition, New
Delhi, 2015.
What is Scilab?

Scilab is short used for Science laboratory. Scilab was created in 1990 by researchers from
INRIA and École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC).
Scilab is free and open source software for numerical computation providing a
powerful computing environment for engineering and scientific applications.
Scilab is released as open source under the GPL License, and is available for
download free of charge. Scilab is available under GNU/Linux, Mac OS X and Windows
XP/Vista/7/8/10 (see system requirements).

What does Scilab do?

Scilab includes hundreds of mathematical functions. It has a high level
programming language allowing access to advanced data structures, 2-D and 3-D
graphical functions.
A large number of functionalities is included in Scilab such as

• Maths & Simulation

For usual engineering and science applications including mathematical
operations and data analysis.
• 2-D&3-D Visualization
Graphics functions to visualize, annotate and export data and many ways to
create and customize various types of plots and charts.
• Optimization
Algorithms to solve constrained and unconstrained continuous and discrete
optimization problems.
• Statistics
Tools to perform data analysis and modeling
• Control Systems
Standard algorithms and tools for control system study
• Signal Processing
Visualize, analyze and filter signals in time and frequency domains.
• Application Development
Increase Scilab native functionalities and manage data exchanges with external
tools.
• Xcos - Dynamic systems modeling
Modeling mechanical systems, hydraulic circuits, control systems...
Scilab is based on methods of numerical computation:

• Data analysis
• Algorithm development
• Model
Available methods:

• Interpolation and regression

• Differentiation and integration
• Linear systems of equations
• Fourier analysis
• Ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
Scilab 6.1.1
Released on Tue, 16 July 2021
System requirements
Scilab 6.1.1 is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL)
v2.0.
Prior to version 6.0.0, Scilab was previously licensed under the terms of the CeCILL
license v2.1, and continues to be available under such terms.

Windows Vista, 7, 8, 10
Scilab 6.1.1 - Windows 64 bits (exe)
Scilab 6.1.1 - Windows 32 bits (exe)
There is a good chance that you have a 64-bit machine! But the 32-bit version
will work in any case.

GNU/Linux
Scilab 6.1.1 - Linux 64 bits, (scilab-6.1.1.bin.linux-x86_64.tar.gz - 241M) (gz)

macOS
Scilab 6.1.1 - macOS Builds
Getting started with Scilab:
Installation of the software is easy like any other software. The software gets ready
after its installation into a computer system. Just like any other software, Scilab can be
opened by Double clicking on the Scilab icon in desktop or by clicking on the icon
appearing after the entering the name Scilab in the Windows search bar
This window is the default layout of the Scilab desktop. It is a set of tools for managing
files, variables, and applications associated with Scilab.
1. The Console is a command window used for entering Scilab functions and other
commands at the command line prompt appearing as -->
2. The Command History Window is used to view or execute previously run functions.
3. The Current Directory/Workspace Window lists the folders/files in the Current
Directory (where you are working) or the values and attributes of the variables you
have defined.
4. The variable browser allows you to find the variables previously used during the
current session.
i. OBJECTIVE:
Practicing Scilab environment with simple commands to familiarize Command
Window, History, Workspace, Current Directory, Figure window, Edit window,
Shortcuts, Help files.
ii. SOURCE CODE:
help – detailed help menu for scilab commands
who – list all the variables from the variable browser window
whos - list all the variables with byte size, variable type etc.
clc – clears command window
clear – removes the variable from memory
quit – to close the session
Pre-defined variables
%pi – 3.14
% e = 2.718 (Euler’s constant)
%eps – epsilon
%inf – infinity
%i – the imaginary number i

Scilab being a matrix environment, treats all entries as a matrix. There are many
built in functions to create different matrices that is listed below
Using Scilab as a calculator
The basic arithmetic operators are + for addition, - for subtraction, * for
multiplication, / for division, ^ for exponentiation, and these are used in conjunction with
braces or commonly called round brackets ( ). The symbol ^ is used to get exponents
(powers): 2^4 = 16. An alternative symbol used for the same purpose is **.

Example: −−> 2 + 3/4 ∗ 5

Note that in this calculation the result was 2+(3/4)*5 and not 2+3/(4*5) because
Scilab works according to the priorities of operations given in the following order.
1. quantities in brackets ( )
2. powers or exponent ^ or **
3. multiplication *, left division /, and right division \, working left to right
4. addition + and subtraction -, working left to right
The dollar operator ($) for counting indices to assess matrices
The dollar operator ($) enables to refer to the last row index or last column index
of a matrix without manually finding those. For example, if A is a matrix of order 𝑚𝑚 × 𝑛𝑛,
then for referring to the elements of matrix A while counting the indices in descending
order starting from the last one, can be done through the following commands.
Command Description
A(i, $) the element of matrix A in row i and the last column (i.e., column n)
A($, j) the element of matrix A in the last row (i.e., row m) and column j
A($-i, j) the element of matrix A in the row (m - i) and the column j
A(i, $-j) the element of matrix A in the row i and the column (n-j)
A($-i, $-j) the element of matrix A in the row (m-i) and the column (n-j)

Assignment Operator
The assignment operator “=” is used for assigning a value (or a matrix) to variable.
On the left hand side of “=” is placed a variable name to which the value on right hand side
is to be assigned. For example, let us observe the following Scilab command
demonstrating the use of assignment operator.
Variable Names
Variable names may be as long as the user wants, but only the first 24 characters
are taken into account in Scilab. For consistency, we should consider only variable names
which are not made of more than 24 characters. All ASCII letters from "a" to "z", from "A"
to "Z" and from "0" to "9" are allowed, with the additional letters "%", "_", "#", "!", "$", "?".
Exp.No. 1 Introduction to SCILAB through matrices and Date:
general syntax.

Vector Scilab command Output

Row Matrix
1×3 Or
(Row Vector)

Column Matrix
3×1
(Column Vector)

Square matrix of
order 2 × 2

Square matrix of
order 3 × 3

Identity matrix of
order
2× 2
Identity matrix of
order
3×3

Diagonal matrix

Determinant of A

Inverse of matrix
A
 rank of A

Eigenvalue(spectr
um) of A

trace(A)-sum of
main diagonal
elements of A
Transpose of A

Zero matrix

Sum of two
matrices

Difference of two
matrices

Product of two
matrices

Interchange first
and second row

Interchange first
and second
column
 Exp.No. 2 Find the eigen values and eigen vectors Date:

Program 1:
3 −4 4
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �1 −2 4�
1 −1 3
Execution:
The SciLab program code to enter the matrix

To get the eigenvalues of the matrix 𝐴𝐴, the SciLab command is spec(A).

The SciLab command to get the eigen vectors is

Details of the result are given by display command

Output:
Program 2:
2 2 −7
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �2 1 2�
0 1 −3
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Output:
Program 3:
2 2 1
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �1 3 1�
1 2 2
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Output:
Program 4:
8 −6 2
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �−6 7 −4�
2 −4 3
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Output:
Program 5:
2 2 0
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 𝐴𝐴 = � 2 1 1�
−7 2 −3
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Output:
Exercise:
2 0 −1
1. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of 𝐴𝐴 = � 0 2 0 �
−1 0 2
−0.7 0 −0.7
Answer: 𝜆𝜆 = 1,2,3, 𝑋𝑋1 = � 0 � , 𝑋𝑋2 = �1� , 𝑋𝑋3 = � 0 �
−0.7 0 0.7
3 −1 1
2. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �−1 5 −1�
1 −1 3
0.7 −0.5 0.4
Answer: 𝜆𝜆 = 2,3,6, 𝑋𝑋1 = � 0 � , 𝑋𝑋2 = �−0.5� , 𝑋𝑋3 = �−0.8� `
−0.7 −0.5 0.4
3 1 4
3. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �0 2 6�
0 0 5
1 −0.7 0.80
Answer: 𝜆𝜆 = 3,2,5, 𝑋𝑋1 = �0� , 𝑋𝑋2 = � 0.7 � , 𝑋𝑋3 = �0.53�
0 0 0.26
1 1 3
4. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �1 5 1�
3 1 1
−0.7 0.57 0.40
Answer: 𝜆𝜆 = −2,3,6, 𝑋𝑋1 = � 0 � , 𝑋𝑋2 = �−0.57� , 𝑋𝑋3 = �0.81�
0.7 0.57 0.40
2 −2 2
5. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of 𝐴𝐴 = �1 1 1�
1 3 −1
0 0 −0.49
Answer: 𝜆𝜆 = 2,2, −2, 𝑋𝑋1 = �−0.7� , 𝑋𝑋2 = �−0.7� , 𝑋𝑋3 = �−0.12�
−0.7 −0.7 0.86
 Exp.No. 3 Plotting the graph of a quadratic form Date:

Program 1:
Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑦𝑦 2 and classify its nature.
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Output:
Program 2:
Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑦𝑦 2 and classify its nature.
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Output:
Program 3:
Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = −2𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑦𝑦 2 and classify its nature.
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Output:
Program 4:
Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = −5𝑥𝑥 2 and classify its nature.
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Output:
Program 5:
Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 and classify its nature.
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Output:
Exercise:
1. Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑦𝑦 2 and classify its nature.
2. Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑥𝑥 2 and classify its nature.
3. Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = −𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑦𝑦 2 and classify its nature.
4. Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = −𝑥𝑥 2 and classify its nature.
5. Plot the graph of the quadratic form 𝑄𝑄 = −3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑦𝑦 2 and classify its nature.
 Exp.No. 4 Evaluating the radius of curvature Date:

Program 1:
Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 3 at (0,0).
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 2:
Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥(1 − 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 ) at (1, 1/2).
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 3:
Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑥𝑥 2 = 2(𝑦𝑦 − 1) at (0,1).
Execution:
The SciLab program code to enter

Output:
Program 4:
Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑡𝑡 2 , 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑡𝑡 at 𝑡𝑡 = 1.
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 5:
Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑥𝑥 = 6𝑡𝑡 2 − 3𝑡𝑡 4 , 𝑦𝑦 = 8𝑡𝑡 3 at 𝑡𝑡 = 1.
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Exercise:
1. Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 10 at (3,1).
Radius of curvature is 1/2.
2. Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 at (0,0).
Radius of curvature is 1/2.
3. Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3 at (0, −3).
Radius of curvature is 1/4.
4. Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 2 = 4𝑥𝑥 at (1,2)
Radius of curvature is 4√2.
5. Compute the radius of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 at (1,1)
5√10
Radius of curvature is .
3
 Exp.No. 5 Find the coordinates of centre of curvature Date:

Program 1:
Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 3 at (0, −3).
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 2:
Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 at (0,0).
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 3:
Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 10 at (3,1).
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 4:
Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 at (1,1).
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 5:
Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 3 at (0,0).
Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Exercise:
1. Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 at (3,27).
Answer:
(𝑥𝑥̅ , 𝑦𝑦�) = (−1092, 67.55)
2. Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 at (1, −1).
Answer:
(𝑥𝑥̅ , 𝑦𝑦�) = (−36, −43/6)
3. Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 1 at (1,1).
Answer:
(𝑥𝑥̅ , 𝑦𝑦�) = (−14, 6)
4. Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 2 at (0,0).
Answer:
(𝑥𝑥̅ , 𝑦𝑦�) = (0, 0.125)
5. Find the centre of curvature of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 3 at (1,1).
Answer:
(𝑥𝑥̅ , 𝑦𝑦�) = (−0.66, 1.66)
 Exp.No. 6 Tracing of Curves Date:

Program 1:
Plot the graph of the parabola x 2 = 4ay .
Execution:
Use SciNotes window for input commands
Input command line 1
t=[-%pi:0.01:%pi];

Input command line 2

a=input('Enter the value of a=');

Input command line 3

y=(x^2)/ (4*a);

Input command line 4

comet(x,y)
plot(x,y)

Input command line 5

title('x^2=4ay')

Output:
Enter the value of a=
(Input value of ‘a’ can be given in the console window)
Program 2:
x2 y 2
Plot the graph of the ellipse + 1 (Use parametric equation of ellipse)
=
a 2 b2
Execution:
Use SciNotes window for input commands
Input command line 1
t=[-%pi:0.01:%pi];

Input command line 2

a=input('Enter the value of a=');

Input command line 3

b=input('Enter the value of b=');

Input command line 4

x=a*cos(t);

Input command line 5

y=b*sin(t);

Input command line 6

comet(x,y)
plot(x,y,’b’)

Input command line 7

title('x=a*cos(t), y=b*sin(t)')

Output:
Enter the value of a=
(Input value of ‘a’ can be given in console window)
Program 3:
x2 y 2
Plot the graph of the hyperbola − 1 (Use parametric equation of hyperbola)
=
a 2 b2
Execution:
Use SciNotes window for input commands
Input command line 1
t=[-%pi:0.5:%pi];

Input command line 2

a=input('Enter the value of a=');

Input command line 3

b=input('Enter the value of b=');

Input command line 4

x=a*sec(t);

Input command line 5

y=b*tan(t);

Input command line 6

comet(x,y)
plot(x,y)

Input command line 7

title('x=a*sec(t), y=b*tan(t)')

Output:
Enter the value of a=
(Input value of ‘a’ can be given in the console window)
Program 4:
a (t − sin t ), y =
Plot the graph of the cycloid x = a (1 − cos t )
Execution:
Use SciNotes window for input commands
Input command line 1

t=[-%pi:0.01:%pi];

Input command line 2

a=input('Enter the value of a=');

Input command line 3

x=a*(t-sin(t));

Input command line 4

y=a*(1-cos(t));

Input command line 5

comet(x,y)
plot(x,y,'r')

Input command line 5

title(x=a*(t-sin(t)), y=a*(1-cos(t))’)

Output:
Enter the value of a= (Input value of ‘a’ can be given in the console window)
Program 5:
2 2 2
Plot the graph of the asteroid x + y =
3
a (Use parametric equation of asteroid)
3 3

Execution:
Use SciNotes window for input commands
Input command line 1

t=[-%pi:0.01:%pi];

Input command line 2

a=input('Enter the value of a=');

Input command line 3

x=a*(cos(t))^3;

Input command line 4

y=a*(sin(t))^3;

Input command line 5

comet(x,y)
plot(x,y,'b.')

Input command line 5

title('x=a*(cos(t))^3, y=a*(sin(t))^3')

Output:
Enter the value of a=
(Input value of ‘a’ can be given in the console window)
Exercise:
1. Plot the graph of the parabola y = 2 ax .
2. Plot the graph of the circle x 2 + y 2 =
a2 .
  t 
a  cos t log tan    , y =
3. Plot the graph of the tractrix x =+ a sin t .
  2 
a ( t sin t ) , y =−
4. Plot the graph of the cycloid x =+ a (1 cos t ) .
y ax + b .
5. Plot the graph of the straight line =
 Exp.No. 7 Evaluation of Area using double Integrals Date:

Program 1:
Find the area of the square bounded by the lines x=0, x=1, y=0, y=1 using double
integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 2:
Find the area of the rectangle bounded by the lines x=0, x=2, y=0, y=3 using double
integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 3:
Find the area of the rectangle bounded by the lines x=1, x=4, y=0, y=1 using double
integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 4:
Find the area of the square bounded by the lines x=0, x=4, y=0, y=4 using double
integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 5:
Find the area of the square bounded by the lines x=1, x=4, y=2, y=5 using double
integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Exercise:
1. Find the area of the square bounded by the lines x=0, x=1, y=1, y=2 using double
integration. Ans: 1
2. Find the area of the square bounded by the lines x=1, x=3, y=1, y=3 using double
integration. Ans: 4
3. Find the area of the rectangle bounded by the lines x=2, x=5, y=2, y=4 using double
integration. Ans: 6
4. Find the area of the rectangle bounded by the lines x=1, x=4, y=1, y=4 using double
integration. Ans: 9
5. Find the area of the rectangle bounded by the lines x=1, x=5, y=2, y=5 using double
integration. Ans: 12
 Exp.No. 8 Evaluation of Volume using triple Integrals Date:

Program 1:
Find the volume of the cube bounded by the planes x=0, y=0, z=0, x=1, y=1, z=1 using
triple integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 2:
Find the volume of the cube bounded by the planes x=0, y=0, z=0, x=2, y=2, z=2 using
triple integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 3:
Find the volume of the rectangular paralelopiped bounded by the planes x=1, y=1, z=1,
x=2, y=3, z=4 using triple integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 4:
Find the volume of the cube bounded by the planes x=2, y=3, z=4, x=4, y=5, z=6 using
triple integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Program 5:
Find the volume of the rectangular paralelopiped bounded by the planes x=3, y=4, z=5,
x=6, y=6, z=7 using triple integration.

Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Output:
Exercise:
1. Find the volume of the cube bounded by the planes x=0, y=0, z=0, x=3, y=3, z=3 using triple
integration. Ans: 27
2. Find the volume of the rectangular paralelopiped bounded by the planes x=1, y=1, z=1, x=2,
y=4, z=5 using triple
integration. Ans: 12
3. Find the volume of the rectangular paralelopiped bounded by the planes x=2, y=3, z=4, x=3,
y=5, z=6 using triple
integration. Ans: 4
4. Find the volume of the rectangular paralelopiped bounded by the planes x=-1, y=-1, z=-1, x=1,
y=2, z=3 using triple
integration. Ans: 12
5. Find the volume of the cube bounded by the planes x=-1, y=-1 z=-1, x=1, y=1, z=1 using triple
integration. Ans: 8
 Exp.No. 9 Find the Gradient Date:

Program 1:
Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑧𝑧 3 at the point (1,1,1).

Execution:

The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 2:
Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑧𝑧 2 at the point (−2, −2, 2).

Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 3:
Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑧𝑧 2 at the point (1, 9, −3).

Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 4:
Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑧𝑧 2 at the point (6, 4, 3).

Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Program 5:
Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 2𝑥𝑥𝑧𝑧 2 − 3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑥𝑥 at the point (1, −1, 2).

Execution:
The SciLab program code is

Output:
Exercise:
1. Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 at the point (6, 4, 3).
Answer:
1 9 -2
2. Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 5𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 − 9𝑥𝑥 at the point (1, −1, 2).
Answer:
1 -4 2
3. Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦 3 𝑧𝑧 2 at the point (1, −2, −1).
Answer:
-12 - 9 -16
4. Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧 at the point (1, 1, 1).
Answer:
3 2 1
5. Find the gradient of 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 at the point (1, 2, 3).
Answer:
5 4 3
 Evaluating dot and cross product of two
Exp. No. : 10 Date:
vectors

Program 1:
→ → → → → → → →
Find the cross product of two vectors a = 2 i + 2 j − 3 k and b = 3 i − 4 j − 3 k
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Input command line 5

Output:
Program 2:
→ → → → → → → →
Find the cross product of two vectors a =4 i − 2 j + 3 k and b =−3 i + 4 j − 6 k
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Input command line 5

Output:
Program 3:
→ → → → → → → →
Find the cross product of two vectors a = i + j + k and b = 2 i − 4 j + 3 k
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Input command line 5

Output:
Program 4:
→ → → → → → →
Find the cross product of two vectors a = 3 i + j + k and b = 4 j − k
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Input command line 5

Output:
Program 5:
→ → → → → → → →
Find the cross product of two vectors a = i − j + 3 k and b = 3 i + 4 j − 6 k
Execution:
Input command line 1

Input command line 2

Input command line 3

Input command line 4

Input command line 5

Output:
Exercise problems
→ → → → → → → →
i 2 j + k and b =
1. Find the dot and cross product of two vectors a =− −3 i + 4 j − 6 k
→ → → →
Ans: -21 and a = 8 i + 3 j − 2 k
→ → → → → → → →
2 i − 2 j + 2 k and b =
2. Find the dot and cross product of two vectors a = −13 i + 4 j − 2 k
→ → → →
Ans: -42 and a =−4 i − 22 j − 18 k
→ → → → → → →
3. Find the dot and cross product of two vectors a =3 i + j + 1 k and b =−3 i + 4 j
→ → → →
Ans: -5 and a =−4 i − 3 j + 15 k
→ → → → → →
i − 2 j and b =
4. Find the dot and cross product of two vectors a = 4 j− k
→ → → →
a 2 i +1 j 4 k
Ans: -8 and =
→ → → → → → → →
5. Find the dot and cross product of two vectors a =i − j + 3 k and b =− i + j − k
→ → →
Ans: -5 and a =−2 i − 2 j