SS EN 197-1 : 2014

(ICS 91.100.10)

SINGAPORE STANDARD

Cement
– Part 1 : Composition, specifications and
conformity criteria for common cements
(This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 197-1 : 2011 and is adopted with
permission of CEN, Avenue Marnix 17, 1000 Brussels)

Published by
SS EN 197-1 : 2014
(ICS 91.100.10)

SINGAPORE STANDARD
Cement
– Part 1 : Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common
cements

ISBN 978-981-4557-65-8
SS EN 197-1 : 2014

This Singapore Standard was approved by Building and Construction Standards Committee on behalf
of the Singapore Standards Council on 4 December 2014.

First published, 2008

First revision, 2014

The Building and Construction Standards Committee, appointed by the Standards Council, consists of
the following members:

Name Capacity

Chairman : Mr Chan Kok Way Member, Standards Council

Deputy
Chairmen : Er. Chew Keat Chuan Building and Construction Authority
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock Urban Redevelopment Authority
Secretary : Ms Lee Hiok Hoong SPRING Singapore
Members : Mr Bin Chee Kwan National Environment Agency
Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers Singapore
Er. Chee Kheng Chye Housing & Development Board
Mr Chng Chee Beow Real Estate Developers’ Association of Singapore
Mr Dominic Choy Singapore Contractors Association Limited
Er. Paul Fok Land Transport Authority
Mr Goh Peng Thong Individual Capacity
Mr Desmond Hill Individual Capacity
Er. Lee Chuan Seng Individual Capacity
Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong Singapore Institute of Architects
Mr Rodney Lee Singapore Manufacturing Federation
Assoc Prof Leong Eng Choon Nanyang Technological University
Mr Darren Lim Building and Construction Authority
Dr Lim Lan Yuan Association of Property and Facility Managers
Er. Lim Peng Hong Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore
Mr Silas Loh Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers
Er. Mohd Ismadi Ministry of Manpower
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim National University of Singapore
Chye
Er. Yvonne Soh Singapore Green Building Council
Mr Christopher Tan Singapore Civil Defence Force
Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity
Er. Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation

The Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-structure appointed by the Building and
Construction Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard consists of
representatives from the following organisations:

Name Capacity

Chairman : Er. Lim Peng Hong Member, Building and Construction Standards
Committee
Co-
Chairman : Er. Chew Keat Chuan Building and Construction Authority
Secretary : Ms Lee Hiok Hoong SPRING Singapore
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SS EN 197-1 : 2014

Members : Mr Phelip Bay Ready-Mixed Concrete Association of Singapore

Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers Singapore
Er. Ho Wan Boon Singapore Structural Steel Society
Er. Kwong Sin Keong Housing & Development Board
Mdm Neo Bian Hong Land Transport Authority
Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Singapore Concrete Institute
Chye
Er. Sivakumaran Murugesu Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore
Mr Sze Thiam Siong Singapore Welding Society
Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity
Prof Tan Kiang Hwee National University of Singapore
Er. Dr Tan Teng Hooi Individual Capacity
Er. Dr Tan Guan Individual Capacity
Er. Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation
Assoc Prof Susanto Teng Nanyang Technological University
Co-opted
Members : Er. Dr Chiew Sing Ping Individual Capacity
Er. Dr Richard Liew Jat Yuen Individual Capacity

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SS EN 197-1 : 2014

National Foreword

This Singapore Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Building Structure and Sub-
structure under the direction of the Building and Construction Standards Committee.

This standard is a revision of SS EN 197-1:2008. It is an identical adoption of EN 197-1:2011

‘Cement – Part 1 : Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements’ and is
adopted with the permission of CEN, Avenue Marnix 17, 1000 Brussels. It includes the adoption of
the informative annexes (NA to ND) from BS EN 197-1:2011 (incorporating corrigendum November
2011) which are adopted with permission from the British Standards Limited.

In addition to consolidating SS EN 197-1:2008 and SS EN 197-4:2008 into a single standard, the

principal changes from SS EN 197-1:2008 are the introduction of additional requirements for common
cements with a low heat of hydration and common cements with sulfate resisting properties.

Attention is drawn to the following:

1. Where appropriate, the words ‘European Standard’ should be read as ‘Singapore Standard’

2. The reference to the following European Standards shall be replaced by the following
Singapore Standards:

European Standard Corresponding Singapore Standard

EN 197-1 SS EN 197-1
EN 197-2 SS EN 197-2
EN 206-1 SS EN 206

3. The comma has been used throughout as a decimal marker whereas in Singapore Standards it is
a practice to use a full point on the baseline as the decimal marker.

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
responsible for its correct application.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the
subject of patent rights. Enterprise Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of
such patent rights.

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 197-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 2011

ICS 91.100.10 Supersedes EN 197-1:2000, EN 197-4:2004

English Version

Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity

criteria for common cements

Ciment - Partie 1 : Composition, spécifications et critères Zement - Teil 1: Zusammensetzung, Anforderungen und
des conformité des ciments courants Konformitätskriterien von Normalzement

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 August 2011.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 197-1:2011: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
EN 197-1:2011 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 8
4 Cement ................................................................................................................................................... 9
5 Constituents ........................................................................................................................................ 10
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 10
5.2 Main constituents ............................................................................................................................... 10
5.2.1 Portland cement clinker (K) ............................................................................................................... 10
5.2.2 Granulated blast furnace slag (S) ..................................................................................................... 11
5.2.3 Pozzolanic materials (P, Q) ................................................................................................................ 11
5.2.4 Fly ashes (V, W) .................................................................................................................................. 11
5.2.5 Burnt shale (T)..................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2.6 Limestone (L, LL) ................................................................................................................................ 13
5.2.7 Silica fume (D) ..................................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Minor additional constituents ............................................................................................................ 13
5.4 Calcium sulfate ................................................................................................................................... 14
5.5 Additives .............................................................................................................................................. 14
6 Composition and notation ................................................................................................................. 14
6.1 Composition and notation of common cements ............................................................................. 14
6.2 Composition and notation of sulfate resisting common cements (SR-Cements) ....................... 16
6.3 Composition and notation of low early strength common cements ............................................. 17
7 Mechanical, physical, chemical and durability requirements ........................................................ 17
7.1 Mechanical requirements ................................................................................................................... 17
7.1.1 Standard strength ............................................................................................................................... 17
7.1.2 Early strength ...................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 Physical requirements........................................................................................................................ 18
7.2.1 Initial setting time ............................................................................................................................... 18
7.2.2 Soundness ........................................................................................................................................... 18
7.2.3 Heat of hydration ................................................................................................................................ 18
7.3 Chemical requirements ...................................................................................................................... 18
7.4 Durability requirements...................................................................................................................... 19
7.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 19
7.4.2 Sulfate resistance ............................................................................................................................... 19
8 Standard designation ......................................................................................................................... 20
9 Conformity criteria .............................................................................................................................. 22
9.1 General requirements ......................................................................................................................... 22
9.2 Conformity criteria for mechanical, physical and chemical properties and evaluation
procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 24
9.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 24
9.2.2 Statistical conformity criteria ............................................................................................................ 24
9.2.3 Single result conformity criteria ........................................................................................................ 27
9.3 Conformity criteria for cement composition .................................................................................... 28
9.4 Conformity criteria for properties of the cement constituents ...................................................... 29

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 EN 197-1:2011 (E)

Annex A (informative) List of common cements considered as sulfate resisting by National Standards in
different CEN member countries but not included in Table 2 or not fulfilling the requirements given
in Table 5 .............................................................................................................................................. 30
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European standard addressing the provisions of the EU
Construction Products Directive ....................................................................................................... 31
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics ................................................................................................... 31
ZA.2 Procedure for the attestation of conformity of products ................................................................ 33
ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity .................................................................................................. 33
ZA.2.2 EC certificate of conformity ............................................................................................................... 34
ZA.3 CE marking and labelling ................................................................................................................... 35
Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................... 38

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EN 197-1:2011 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 197-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building limes”,
the secretariat of which is held by NBN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
endorsement, at the latest by March 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June
2013.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN
[and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 197-1:2000, EN 197-4:2004.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of EN 197-1.

Annexes A and ZA are informative.

In addition to consolidating EN 197-1:2000/A1:2004, EN 197-1:2000/prA2, EN 197-1:2000/A3:2007, EN 197-4:2004 and

EN 197-4:2004/prA1 into a single standard, the principal changes from EN 197-1:2000 are the introduction of additional
requirements for common cements with a low heat of hydration and common cements with sulfate resisting properties.

The preparation of a standard for cement was initiated by the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1969 and, at the
request of a member state later in 1973, the work was given to the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). The
Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 was entrusted with the task of preparing a cement standard for the countries of
Western Europe, comprising the EEC and EFTA members.

In the early eighties, CEN/TC 51 decided to include in the standard for cement only those cements which are intended
for use in any plain and reinforced concrete and which are familiar in most countries in Western Europe because they
have been produced and used in these countries for many years. The EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC)
requires the incorporation of all traditional and well-tried cements in order to remove technical barriers to trade in the
construction field. There are currently no criteria for the descriptions "traditional" and "well tried" and it was considered
necessary to separate the “common cements” from special cements, i.e. those with additional or special properties.

The requirements in this standard are based on the results of tests on cement in accordance with EN 196-1, EN 196-2,
EN 196-3, EN 196-5, EN 196-6, EN 196-7, EN 196-8, and EN 196-9. The scheme for the evaluation of conformity of
common cements including common cements with low heat of hydration and common cements generally accepted as
being sulfate resisting are specified in EN 197-2.

In order to find out which common cements are generally accepted as being sulfate resisting and should be included in
EN 197-1, there was an investigation within CEN/TC 51 comprising all national specifications and recommendations in
the European Union. The review of these investigations led to the following results:

 a wide variety of cements has been classified in the EU Member States as sulfate resisting. This is due to the
different geographical and climatic conditions under which sulfate attacks on mortar and concrete occur at the place
of use and the traditionally different rules governing the production and use of sulfate resistant mortars and
concretes;

 sulfate resistance is an additional property and therefore sulfate resisting cements have first to conform to the
requirements of the standards which define the product, e.g. EN 197-1 for common cements;

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 EN 197-1:2011 (E)

 the additional requirements to be met by the nationally specified sulfate resisting cements refer to selected
characteristics for which the required limit values are more stringent than those for common cements;

 having satisfied the local requirements for various cement types many countries apply further restrictions to the
production of concrete to be used in a sulfate environment, such as minimum cement contents and/or maximum
water/cement ratio that vary depending on the cement type and the type and intensity of the sulfate conditions.

Based on the above results common cement types to be harmonized at the European level have been chosen. The
predominant part of the common cements considered to be sulfate resisting in the market is covered by this selection. It
was not possible to take into account national particularities the use of which is laid down within national standards,
national application rules and regulations/provisions.

The strength attained at 28 days is the important criterion in classifying cement for most uses. In order to achieve a
specific strength class at 28 days the early strength, at 2 days or at 7 days, can vary and some types of cement may not
attain the minimum early strengths specified in EN 197-1 for common cements.

The heat of hydration is linked to the early reactivity and lower early strengths indicate lower heat evolution and lower
temperatures in concrete. For these cements additional precautions in use can be necessary to ensure adequate curing
and safety in construction.

The purpose of this standard is to specify the composition requirements and conformity requirements for common
cements, including common cements with low heat of hydration and common cements with adequate sulfate resistance
as well as low early strength blast furnace cements and low early strength blast furnace cements with low heat of
hydration.

Cement types and strength classes defined in this European Standard allow the specifier and/or the user to fulfil
objectives of sustainability for cement based constructions. Cement types produced by using constituents listed and
defined in Clause 5 allow the manufacturer to minimize the use of natural resources in accordance with local conditions
of production.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries
are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the
United Kingdom.

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EN 197-1:2011 (E)

Introduction
It is recognised that different cements have different properties and performance. Those performance tests now
available (i.e. setting time, strength, soundness and heat of hydration), have been included in this standard. In addition,
work is being carried out by CEN/TC 51 to identify any additional tests which are needed to specify further performance
characteristics of cement. Until further performance tests are available it is necessary that the choice of cement,
especially the type and/or strength class in relation to the requirements for durability depending on exposure class and
type of construction in which it is incorporated, follows the appropriate standards and/or regulations for concrete or
mortar valid in the place of use.

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 EN 197-1:2011 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard defines and gives the specifications of 27 distinct common cements, 7 sulfate resisting
common cements as well as 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cements and 2 sulfate resisting low early strength
blast furnace cements and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the
constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a range of nine strength classes. The definition
also includes requirements which the constituents have to meet. It also includes mechanical, physical, and chemical
requirements. Furthermore, this standard states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability
requirements are also given.

In addition to those sulfate resisting cements defined in the present document, other cements conforming either to this
standard or to other standards, European or national, have been nationally demonstrated to have sulfate resisting
properties. These cements which are listed in Annex A, are considered by different CEN Member countries as sulfate
resisting within the limits of their territory.

NOTE 1 In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement manufacturer and
user can be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in
accordance with national standards or regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.

NOTE 2 The word “cement” in EN 197-1 is used to refer only to common cements unless otherwise specified.

This European Standard does not cover:

 very low heat special cement covered by EN 14216;

 supersulfated cement covered by EN 15743;

 calcium aluminate cement covered by EN 14647;

 masonry cement covered by EN 413-1.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only
the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.

EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength

EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement — Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement

EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement — Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness

EN 196-5, Methods of testing cement — Part 5: Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cement

EN 196-6, Methods of testing cement — Part 6: Determination of fineness

EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement — Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement

EN 196-8, Methods of testing cement — Part 8: Heat of hydration — Solution method

EN 196-9, Methods of testing cement — Part 9: Heat of hydration — Semi-adiabatic method

EN 197-2:2000, Cement — Part 2: Conformity evaluation

EN 451-1, Method of testing fly ash — Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content

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EN 197-1:2011 (E)

EN 933-9, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 9: Assessment of fines - Methylene blue test

EN 13639, Determination of total organic carbon in limestone

ISO 9277, Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption  BET method

ISO 9286, Abrasive grains and crude — Chemical analysis of silicon carbide