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    English Phonetics and Phonology 2

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    Alejandro PD
    This document provides an introduction to English intonation. It discusses tonality, which is the division of utterances into tone units. It also discusses tonicity, which refers to the placement of the tonic or main pitch change within a tone unit. Finally, it discusses tone, which is the direction of the pitch change (falling, rising, etc.). The functions of intonation include attitudinal meaning, grammatical structure, and discourse meaning. Intonation helps indicate things like questions versus statements, emphasis, and new versus given information.

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    English Phonetics and Phonology 2

    Uploaded by

    Alejandro PD
    25 views2 pages
    This document provides an introduction to English intonation. It discusses tonality, which is the division of utterances into tone units. It also discusses tonicity, which refers to the placement of the tonic or main pitch change within a tone unit. Finally, it discusses tone, which is the direction of the pitch change (falling, rising, etc.). The functions of intonation include attitudinal meaning, grammatical structure, and discourse meaning. Intonation helps indicate things like questions versus statements, emphasis, and new versus given information.

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    This document provides an introduction to English intonation. It discusses tonality, which is the division of utterances into tone units. It also discusses tonicity, which refers to the placement of the tonic or main pitch change within a tone unit. Finally, it discusses tone, which is the direction of the pitch change (falling, rising, etc.). The functions of intonation include attitudinal meaning, grammatical structure, and discourse meaning. Intonation helps indicate things like questions versus statements, emphasis, and new versus given information.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    25 views2 pages

    English Phonetics and Phonology 2

    Uploaded by

    Alejandro PD
    This document provides an introduction to English intonation. It discusses tonality, which is the division of utterances into tone units. It also discusses tonicity, which refers to the placement of the tonic or main pitch change within a tone unit. Finally, it discusses tone, which is the direction of the pitch change (falling, rising, etc.). The functions of intonation include attitudinal meaning, grammatical structure, and discourse meaning. Intonation helps indicate things like questions versus statements, emphasis, and new versus given information.

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    06/05/2022

    English Intonation

    English Phonetics and Phonology 2 • Introduction: tonality, tonicity, tone


    • Tone units
    • Nucleus placement
    • Tone direction
    Introduction to English intonation. Tonality. Functions of • Functions of intonation
    Intonation
    Readings:
    UAB - Kreidler (1989), Chapter 9.
    - Wells, Ch.1, Ch. 3
    - F&O Ch. 12
    2

    1 2

    1. TONALITY: division into tone units


    Introduction to Intonation
    • Tonality: an utterance can be divided into tone units (= tone groups)
    • Intonation: pitch changes over time (in an utterance)
    / ˈWhen you are ˈready / we can ˈleave/

    • Part of suprasegmental phonology (prosody), which is concerned with • A tone group has one main pitch change or tonic syllable.
    1) how an utterance is divided into word groups • Pauses may or may not be present between tone groups.

    2) where the most prominent accent (pitch change) occurs within a • The phrasing function. Equal sequences of words may have different
    word group tone units.
    hand-out 9: a. tonality
    Kreidler (1989), section 9.2, ch. 9
    3) the direction of the pitch change
    3 4

    3 4

    The phrasing function (Kreidler Ex 9A) The phrasing function


    • Different divisions result in differences in meaning.
    • Divide into tone groups
    -I’d like bread and butter or cheese.
    -We’re going downtown this afternoon. -She told everyone that she knew the answer.
    -The pool is used by club members only on Mondays.
    -On the way home we´ll stop at the library if we have time.
    -My brother who lives in Stirling is coming for a visit.
    -Cape Ann Lighthouse was erected in 1910. My brother, who lives in Stirling, is coming for a visit.

    -A lot of ships have reached harbor safely because of it.

    5 6

    5 6

    1
    06/05/2022

    2. TONICITY: location of the tonic within a


    Example of phonological and lexical disambiguation tone group
    • The tonic syllable (pitch change) is usually on the last content
    word (unmarked or neutral context).
    I saw that gasoline can explode
    • The tonic may be displaced to any other syllable for reasons of
    1. I ‘saw that ‘gasoline  can ex‘plode contrast, emphasis, or signalling new info. (marked).
    aI s Dt gslin  kn
    IksplUd • Differences in tonicity or focus: Equal tone groups may differ in the
    position of the tonic accent
    I don’t like that
    2. I ‘saw that ‘gasoline can  ex‘plode I don’t like that
    aI s Dt gslin kn  I don’t like that
    IksplUd I don’t like that

    7
    • hand-out 9: b. tonicity 8

    7 8

    3. TONE: the direction of the pitch change


    Functions of intonation
    • Differences in pitch direction
    • Falling, rising, fall-rise, rise-fall
    • 1. Attitudinal function:
    • Tone indicates: (i) attitude, (ii) meaning, and (iii) relative importance of info. To express the attitude of the speaker tw the listener and the subject matter
    (i) How was the film? (friendliness, involvement, interest)
    -It was O \ K (enthusiastic) -It was O \ K (uncommunicative)
    -It was O/ K (disappointed) -It was O K (but ...)
    • 2. Grammatical function
    (ii) This is my son, John. (2 readings) \ John = son / John = vocative To indicate grammatical and syntactic structure

    (iii) When we are \ finished, we’ll / eat (When will we eat?) • placement of phrase, clause or sentence boundaries
    When we are / finished, we’ll \ eat (What will we do when we’re finished?) • questions vs. statements
    • grammatical subordination
    • Hand-out 9: c. tone
    9 10

    9 10

    Functions of intonation
    • 3. Discourse function
    • The location of the tonic (tonicity) signals the relative importance of words
    within a sentence.

    • Rises and falls (tone) indicate the relative importance of sentences within
    an utterance

    For example, new vs. old information.

    Note: these functions are not unique to prosody. They are also conveyed by other means in
    addition to intonation, such as choice of vocabulary, gestures, body language

    11

    11

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