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    Muwekma Ohlone: Native Inhabitants of The Bay Area

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    Ricky Tjandra
    The document provides information on the Muwekma Ohlone Native American tribe who originally inhabited the San Francisco Bay area of California. It details that over 10,000 Ohlone lived in the region in independent tribelets before European contact in the 16th century. The Spanish subsequently established missions between 1770-1797 and displaced the Ohlone people, introducing diseases and forcing labor. The document also describes Ohlone culture, language, customs, economy and trade practices before the establishment of Spanish missions in their territory.

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    Muwekma Ohlone: Native Inhabitants of The Bay Area

    Uploaded by

    Ricky Tjandra
    41 views13 pages
    The document provides information on the Muwekma Ohlone Native American tribe who originally inhabited the San Francisco Bay area of California. It details that over 10,000 Ohlone lived in the region in independent tribelets before European contact in the 16th century. The Spanish subsequently established missions between 1770-1797 and displaced the Ohlone people, introducing diseases and forcing labor. The document also describes Ohlone culture, language, customs, economy and trade practices before the establishment of Spanish missions in their territory.

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    The document provides information on the Muwekma Ohlone Native American tribe who originally inhabited the San Francisco Bay area of California. It details that over 10,000 Ohlone lived in the region in independent tribelets before European contact in the 16th century. The Spanish subsequently established missions between 1770-1797 and displaced the Ohlone people, introducing diseases and forcing labor. The document also describes Ohlone culture, language, customs, economy and trade practices before the establishment of Spanish missions in their territory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views13 pages

    Muwekma Ohlone: Native Inhabitants of The Bay Area

    Uploaded by

    Ricky Tjandra
    The document provides information on the Muwekma Ohlone Native American tribe who originally inhabited the San Francisco Bay area of California. It details that over 10,000 Ohlone lived in the region in independent tribelets before European contact in the 16th century. The Spanish subsequently established missions between 1770-1797 and displaced the Ohlone people, introducing diseases and forcing labor. The document also describes Ohlone culture, language, customs, economy and trade practices before the establishment of Spanish missions in their territory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    Muwekma Ohlone

    Native Inhabitants of the Bay Area


    Food Customs Values

    Language Religion
    History
    Economics Culture
    Clothing
    Festivals & Celebrations Gender Roles
    History
    16th Century
    Over 10,000 natives lived between San Francisco and Big Sur

    Roughly 40 - 50 independent groups or tribelets known to exist

    1602: Sebastián Vizcaíno arrived around the Monterey area & it


    was the first interaction between the Ohlone and Westerners.

    1769: Spaniards arrived to establish missions building 7 mission


    from 1770 - 1797

    ● Mission Dolores established in 1776


    ● Mission Santa Clara established in 1777
    ● Mission San Jose established in 1797

    The Spaniards later called these tribelets Costeños, which later


    changed to Costanoan. They were eventually renamed Ohlone

    Spanish displaced Ohlone natives, forced them to manual labor,


    & introduced new diseases
    Culture & Customs
    ● 40 - 50 Tribelets independent of
    each other
    ● Each tribelet consisted of dozens
    of family groups
    ● Tribelets were separated by
    natural boundaries
    ● Each tribelet had their own chief,
    customs, and territory
    ● Some interactions between
    tribelets occured due to similar
    language
    ● Music was important in dances and
    ceremonies
    ● Games were played using various
    natural and handmade tools
    ● Circular houses made of tule, willow
    tree, bark, or redwood
    Value and Religion
    ● Most practiced form Kuksa, which
    included rites of passage & shaman
    ● Coyotes chief of animals,cunning & wise
    ● Natural element hold special power
    ● Offerings such as seeds or shell beads
    offered to the sun
    ● Shaman could communicate to the spirit
    world
    ● The dead were buried or cremated and
    never spoken of again
    ● After Missions were established many
    converted to Christianity
    ● Some embraced the new religion &
    became baptized
    ● Once baptized many were forced into
    labor & could not leave the mission
    ● Those who repeatedly made attempts
    to leave were shackled and beaten
    Language
    Muwekma Ohlone Chochenyo Song

    ● Language among tribes were similar, but each tribe had their own dialect.
    ● Tribelets were able to communicate to each other.
    ‘Makkin Mak Muwekma Wolwoolum, ‘Akkoy Mak-Warep, Manne Mak Hiswi!’

    ‘ ‘We Are Muwekma Ohlone, Welcome To Our Land, Where We Are Born’
    Gender Role
    Men Women

    ● Hunted game and trapped birds and fish ● Gathered acorn and plants
    ● Practiced rituals & intense physical and ● Guarded food storage while chatting, singing, &
    spiritual preparation telling stories
    ● Hunting preparation included lodge, ● Wore skirts made of animal skin or plant fibers
    abstinence, and dietary restrictions ● Made baskets used for gathering
    ● Wore animal skin in the winter, but naked
    other seasons
    ● During dance men would paint body and wear
    feathers on head or body

    Women & Men


    ● Were chiefs of the tribe and passed down to son, if no son, then to the daughter
    ● Wore tattoos or body paint
    ● Involved in food preparation
    Trade &
    Economics
    Things that were traded among tribelets
    ● Beads
    ● Fur
    ● Food
    ● Shells & Shell beads
    ● Raw Material
    ● Clothing
    ● Ornaments
    ● Household Ware
    ● Cinnabar
    ● Dogs
    ● Tobacco
    ● Acorn
    ● Animal Hide
    ● Fish
    ● Salt
    Festivals & Celebrations
    ● Celebrations occurred during harvest
    ● Ceremonies included dance & music
    ● Instruments used in celebrations & ceremonies
    ● Whistles & flutes made of bird bones or wood
    ● Rattles made of cocoons or bay laurel branch
    ● Dances were named after animals
    ● Feathers and body paint worn during dances
    ● Dances imitated daily life
    ● Dances accompanied by singing and clapping
    ● Games such a guessing game called “Tussi”
    ● Other games used sticks, spears, & carved wood
    Food
    Plants
    ● Acorn: Main staple used to make bread and even “tamales”
    ● Nuts
    ● Berries
    ● Wild carrots
    ● Seeds
    ● Buckeye
    ● Laurel Nuts

    Meat

    ● Deer ● Whale
    ● Elk ● Sea lion
    ● Grizzly Bear ● Oysters
    ● Antelope ● Seal
    ● Rabbit ● Salmon
    ● Squirrel ● Quail
    Terminology

    Tule

    Cinnabar

    Tribelets
    Thank you
    Sources
    Native Americans of the San Francisco Bay Area: The Ohlone Tribe by Damian Bacich

    Santa Cruz Public Library: An Overview of Ohlone Culture By Robert Cartier

    Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay Area

    Monterey County Historical Society: From Peace To Present: A Look at the Ohlone Indians by
    Heather Hemingway

    Theculturetrip.com: A Brief History Of The Muwekma Ohlone People by Neg Cogswell

    Legends of America: Ohlone Indians of California by Kathy Weiser-Alexander

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